Unit 7 The adventures of Tom Sawyer定语从句（单元核心语法精练）英语沪教牛津版九年级上册

Unit 7 The adventures of Tom Sawyer 核心语法精练（定语从句） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 （一）定语从句的结构     2 （二） 定语从句的关系词 2 （三） 定语从句主谓一致 4 B 考点夯实·专项突破 5 一、单项选择 5 二、选词填空 6 三、完成句子（按要求完成句子） 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 8 一、语法选择 8 二、语法填空 9 （一）定语从句的结构     在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。 The girl （who is reading a storybook）is my sister.正在读故事书的那个女孩是我姐。 先行词 （关系词 谓语 宾语） 主句是 The girl is my sister.其中the girl 是先行词，who是关系词。who is reading a storybook是定语从句， 就相当于一个形容词来修饰the girl这个名词。 （二） 定语从句的关系词  引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 1.定语从句引导词之关系代词 关系 代词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注 who 人 主语，宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略。 但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that。 whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. whose 人或物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人或物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. 注意： 1.关系词只能用that的几种情况    ①当先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时。如：    Tom told his mother all that had happened. 汤姆把全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。    ②当先行词前面有the only, the very, the last等修饰时。如：    This is the only book that I can find. 这就是我能找到的唯一一本书。    ③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如：    The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shanghai. 为我们足球队踢足球的那个最高的运动员来自上海。   ④当先行词既有人又有物时。如：    Let’s talk about the people and the things that we can remember. 让我们谈论我们能够记起的人和事。 2.关系词只能用which的几种情况:    ①关系代词放在介词之后。如：    This is the factory in which we once worked. 这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂。    ②非限制性定语从句中。如：    This is a famous book, which was written by Lu Xun. 这是鲁迅写的一本有名的书。    ③that， those作主语时。如：    Those which are on the desk are English books. 桌子上的那些是英语书。 3.用who而不用that的情况:  ①当先行词为people和those时，只能用who。如：    Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。    ②当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)时，只能用who。如： Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。    ③先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。如： The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。 2. 定语从句引导词之关系副词 （初中阶段了解即可） when、where 和 why引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 关系副词 先行词 功能 例句 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 I still remember the year when I met you for the first time. where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. why reason 原因状语 We don’t know the reason why he was late for school. 注意：关系副词when, where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词(名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。why只能用for which 来替代。 如：This is the house where Luxun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 =This is the house in which Luxun once lived. （三） 定语从句主谓一致 1．定语从句有自己的主语（即引导词不充当定语从句的主语），其谓语的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。例如： You must do everything that I do．你必须做我做的一切。（do与其主语I保持一致） You must do everything that he does．你必须做他做的一切。（does与其主语he保持一致） 2．如果定语从句的主语是定语从句的引导词，其谓语动词的单复数与前面的先行词保持一致。例如： Do you know the girl who speaks English？你认识讲英语的那位姑娘吗？ （引导词who作定语从句的主语，指代单数先行词the girl，故谓语动词用speaks） Do you know the girls who speak English？你认识讲英语的那些姑娘吗？ （引导词who作定语从句的主语，指代复数先行词the girls，故谓语动词用speak） 3．定语从句修饰前面的整个句子（其主语通常是引导词which），谓语动词一般用单数，不用复数。例如： They are hollow，which makes them very light．它们是空的，这使得它们很轻。 They have invited me to visit their country，which makes me thank them．他们邀请我访问他们的国家，这使我很感谢他们。 4．由“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”构成的结构，有两种情况： （1）如果one前面无任何限定词，这个结构中的“复数名词”是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。例如： She is one of the girls who know English．她是其中一个懂英语的女孩。 He is one of the students who have read the book．他是看过这本书的学生中的一位。 （2）如果one的前面有the，the first， the only，the last，the right等限定词修饰， one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数（即与one保持一致）。例如： She is the only one of the girls who knows English．她是那些女孩中唯一一位懂英语的。 He's the first one of the students who has read the book．他是那些学生中第一个看过这本书的。 一、单项选择 1．Jack Brown still lives in the old house ________ his father gave him. A．who B．when C．which D．where 2．Our parents often talk about the people and the things ________ they can remember in their middle school. A．who B．whom C．which D．that 3．The train G828 is the first direct high-speed train ________ connects Xi’an and Hong Kong. A．who B．when C．which D．that 4．Nowadays, AI is one of the most important technologies ________ are widely used in our life. A．that B．which C．who D．what 5．—Have you met the volunteer ________ is organizing the community book drive? —Yes! She’s the one ________ idea won the “Best Youth Project” award last year. A．which; whose B．that; who C．that; whose D．who; which 6．Have you ever read the book ________ I bought yesterday? A．who B．what C．that D．whom 7．—What kinds of after-school activities do you like? —I like those activities ________ are about P.E. and art. A．who B．whom C．which D．/ 8．Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story _________ I have ever read. A．who B．where C．that D．what 9．A best friend is a person _________ is always there when you need him or her. As the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” A．whom B．whose C．who D．which 10．—Who is the middle-aged man with sunglasses in the corner? —He is a personal friend ________ I’ve known for many years. A．which B．whose C．whom D．when 11．The house ________ windows face south is very bright. A．when B．where C．which D．whose 12．Lily doesn’t know ________ she can do to help the little victim ________ parents both have died. A．that; whose B．what; whose C．what; whom D．how; whom 13．A teacher is the person ________ work is to teach students carefully. A．who B．which C．where D．whose 14．My mother, ________ is a kind woman, always helps others. A．who B．whom C．which D．that 15．He thinks that his pet cat, ________ is very cute, can understand his feelings. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 16.Many young people, most of ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A．whom B．which C．who D．that 17.Linda prefers musicians who ________ different kinds of music. A．play B．plays C．was playing D．is playing 18.（挑战题）We are now living in a great time__________ we are faced with many possibilities as well as challenges. A．why B．when C．where D．which 19.（挑战题）Michael will never forget the village ________ he was born. A．that B．which C．what D．where 20.（挑战题）I wonder the reason ________ you were late for school yesterday. A．why B．where C．when D．who 二、选词填空 用who、whom、whose、which或that填空。 1．A clock is a machine tells people the time. 2．The panda is a kind of animal can be found in China. 3．April 1st is the day is called April Fool’s Day in the West. 4．Where is the woman watch was stolen yesterday? 5．The woman you visited last week is a famous writer. 6．The man is standing at the door is our English teacher. 7．His father works in the factory is the oldest one in the city. 8．The woman I talked to just now is my aunt. 9．He lost a bike cost him 500 yuan. 10．Tom was the first boy left the classroom. 11．It is the most interesting story I have read. 12．Did you understand all you read in that book? 13. The watch I lost yesterday is made in Japan. 14. Everything happened at that moment seemed unreal. 15. Where is the book I borrowed from the library yesterday? 三、完成句子（按要求完成句子） 1.Yesterday I met a boy. The boy is a new member in our art club. (用定语从句改写句子) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.It is a Chinese tradition. We have kept it for thousands of years. (用定语从句改写句子) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.I asked him to mail the letter. I wrote the letter to my cousin. (用定语从句改写句子) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4.There should be an e-teacher. The teacher can correct mistakes and offer suggestions. (用定语从句改写句子) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5.我们不应该忘记那些给我们提供帮助的人。(中译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6.他更喜欢能让他振奋起来的书籍。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7.We all know that you’re working for an organization that protects the environment.（英译中） ______________________________________________________________________________________ 8.China is a great country that has about 5,000 years of history.（英译中） ______________________________________________________________________________________ 9.Jack is a young singer. He wants to make progress in singing.（合并为一句） Jack is a young singer to make progress in singing. 10.钟南山是一名伟大的医生，受到全国人民的尊敬。 Zhong Nanshan is a great doctor, by all the people in China. 11.卡拉更喜欢那种带给她思考的电影。 Carla prefers movies her something to think about. 12．杨波是海嘎村的英雄，他带领着村民走向了幸福的生活。 Yang Bo is a hero in Haiga village villagers to a better life. 13.这一节气名为“谷雨”，因雨水帮助谷物生长而闻名。 This solar term is named the Grain Rain because it is famous for rain the grain grow. 14.到达那里之后，我们尽力做我们能做的事情去帮助他们。 After arriving there, we tried our best to do the things help them. 15.我们中国人常说：行动胜于空谈，是成功的关键。 As we Chinese often say: Actions, louder than words, are the keys to success. 一、语法选择 One afternoon, I sat by a lake watching an old man fishing. He sat quietly by the water for hours, yet he never seemed 1 . “Why do you like fishing so much?” I asked. He smiled and said, “Fishing teaches me patience.” I nodded, not fully understanding. Then he told me a story. “Years ago, I was a young man full of 2 . I hurried through life and always 3 about what I didn’t have. One day, a friend took me fishing. “Sit and watch the water,” he said. 4 I waited, I noticed the sun 5 on the lake, and a bird flew across the sky 6 . For the first time, I felt inner peace. Fishing taught me how to stop and appreciate the moment.” “But what if you don’t catch 7 fish?” I asked. “Ah,” he said, “the secret isn’t about the fish. It’s about 8 to be present. Life is like a lake 9 sometimes is calm, sometimes full of waves. The key is to keep 10 steady even when the storm comes.” His words made a difference 11 me. Later, I faced a difficult exam. Instead of being afraid, I remembered his advice. I told myself that I 12 stay calm and trust my preparation. So I took deep breaths and focused on each question. When I saw the results, I found I had done better than expected. Now, whenever I feel stressed, I recall 13 afternoon by the lake. The old man wasn't just teaching me about fishing; he also taught me a lesson in life. He showed me that happiness 14 not in rushing to the end, but in enjoying the journey. Sometimes, the most valuable lessons come from the simplest moments—if only we spend the time 15 them. 1．A．boring B．bored C．boringly D．boredly 2．A．angry B．angrily C．anger D．angering 3．A．to complain B．complaining C．complain D．complained 4．A．When B．Though C．After D．Until 5．A．shone B．shine C．shining D．to shine 6．A．slowly B．slower C．slow D．more slowly 7．A．some B．no C．any D．all 8．A．to learn B．learned C．learn D．learning 9．A．which B．who C．when D．what 10．A．us B．ourselves C．our D．we 11．A．of B．from C．to D．on 12．A．must B．can C．may D．might 13．A．an B．a C．the D．/ 14．A．finds B．is found C．found D．was found 15．A．notice B．to notice C．noticing D．noticed 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As spring has come with blossoms, it’s time to enjoy this year’s fresh tea. Among the various green teas, there is a special one called Anji white tea which is, in fact, not 1 member of the white tea family. Rare 2 expensive, the tea has a short harvesting period, often only one month. The reason why Anji white tea is called “white tea” is primarily due to the tea plant it comes from, 3 is known as “White Leaf No. 1”. This is a temperature-sensitive (敏感的) whitening variety, and the color of 4 (it) tea buds changes with the temperature. In early spring when temperatures are low, the tender leaves come to spread 5 (gradual). The buds, along with the leaves, change from a slight green 6 a jade-like white color. As the temperature rises, the color of leaves deepens step by step, finally 7 (turn) green. Originally (最初) 8 (produce) in Anji county in Zhejiang province in East China, Anji white tea 9 (discover) in the 1980s. Anji white tea is known for its 10 (rich) of theanine (茶氨酸) as well as amino acids that are essential to the proper functioning of the body. It also contains strong antioxidants that are critical in keeping the heart healthy. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 7 The adventures of Tom Sawyer 核心语法精练（定语从句） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 （一）定语从句的结构     2 （二） 定语从句的关系词 2 （三） 定语从句主谓一致 4 B 考点夯实·专项突破 5 一、单项选择 5 二、选词填空 10 三、完成句子（按要求完成句子） 10 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 15 一、语法选择 15 二、语法填空 18 （一）定语从句的结构     在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。 The girl （who is reading a storybook）is my sister.正在读故事书的那个女孩是我姐。 先行词 （关系词 谓语 宾语） 主句是 The girl is my sister.其中the girl 是先行词，who是关系词。who is reading a storybook是定语从句， 就相当于一个形容词来修饰the girl这个名词。 （二） 定语从句的关系词  引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 1.定语从句引导词之关系代词 关系 代词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注 who 人 主语，宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略。 但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that。 whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. whose 人或物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人或物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. 注意： 1.关系词只能用that的几种情况    ①当先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时。如：    Tom told his mother all that had happened. 汤姆把全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。    ②当先行词前面有the only, the very, the last等修饰时。如：    This is the only book that I can find. 这就是我能找到的唯一一本书。    ③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如：    The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shanghai. 为我们足球队踢足球的那个最高的运动员来自上海。   ④当先行词既有人又有物时。如：    Let’s talk about the people and the things that we can remember. 让我们谈论我们能够记起的人和事。 2.关系词只能用which的几种情况:    ①关系代词放在介词之后。如：    This is the factory in which we once worked. 这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂。    ②非限制性定语从句中。如：    This is a famous book, which was written by Lu Xun. 这是鲁迅写的一本有名的书。    ③that， those作主语时。如：    Those which are on the desk are English books. 桌子上的那些是英语书。 3.用who而不用that的情况:  ①当先行词为people和those时，只能用who。如：    Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。    ②当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)时，只能用who。如： Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。    ③先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。如： The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。 2. 定语从句引导词之关系副词 （初中阶段了解即可） when、where 和 why引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 关系副词 先行词 功能 例句 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 I still remember the year when I met you for the first time. where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. why reason 原因状语 We don’t know the reason why he was late for school. 注意：关系副词when, where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词(名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。why只能用for which 来替代。 如：This is the house where Luxun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 =This is the house in which Luxun once lived. （三） 定语从句主谓一致 1．定语从句有自己的主语（即引导词不充当定语从句的主语），其谓语的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。例如： You must do everything that I do．你必须做我做的一切。（do与其主语I保持一致） You must do everything that he does．你必须做他做的一切。（does与其主语he保持一致） 2．如果定语从句的主语是定语从句的引导词，其谓语动词的单复数与前面的先行词保持一致。例如： Do you know the girl who speaks English？你认识讲英语的那位姑娘吗？ （引导词who作定语从句的主语，指代单数先行词the girl，故谓语动词用speaks） Do you know the girls who speak English？你认识讲英语的那些姑娘吗？ （引导词who作定语从句的主语，指代复数先行词the girls，故谓语动词用speak） 3．定语从句修饰前面的整个句子（其主语通常是引导词which），谓语动词一般用单数，不用复数。例如： They are hollow，which makes them very light．它们是空的，这使得它们很轻。 They have invited me to visit their country，which makes me thank them．他们邀请我访问他们的国家，这使我很感谢他们。 4．由“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”构成的结构，有两种情况： （1）如果one前面无任何限定词，这个结构中的“复数名词”是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。例如： She is one of the girls who know English．她是其中一个懂英语的女孩。 He is one of the students who have read the book．他是看过这本书的学生中的一位。 （2）如果one的前面有the，the first， the only，the last，the right等限定词修饰， one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数（即与one保持一致）。例如： She is the only one of the girls who knows English．她是那些女孩中唯一一位懂英语的。 He's the first one of the students who has read the book．他是那些学生中第一个看过这本书的。 一、单项选择 1．Jack Brown still lives in the old house ________ his father gave him. A．who B．when C．which D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Jack Brown仍然住在他父亲给他的这栋老房子里。 考查定语从句关系词的用法。who先行词指人；when关系副词，指时间；which先行词指物；where关系副词，指地点。根据“Jack Brown still lives in the old house…”可知，先行词是house，用关系代词which作宾语，指物。故选C。 2．Our parents often talk about the people and the things ________ they can remember in their middle school. A．who B．whom C．which D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们的父母经常谈论他们在中学时期记得的人和事。 考查定语从句。who谁，先行词指人；whom谁，引导定语从句时，在从句中作宾语，先行词指人；which哪一个，先行词指物；that那个，先行词指人或物。先行词是“the people and the things”，表示“人和事”，包含“人”和“物”，故关系词应使用既可指人又可指物的“that”。故选D。 3．The train G828 is the first direct high-speed train ________ connects Xi’an and Hong Kong. A．who B．when C．which D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：G828次列车是连接西安和香港的首趟直达高速列车。 考查定语从句关系词。who关系代词，指人；when关系副词，指时间；which关系代词，指物；that关系代词，指人或物。分析句子结构可知，本句是定语从句，先行词“train”指物，且先行词前有序数词“the first”修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，故只能用that引导定语从句。故选D。 4．Nowadays, AI is one of the most important technologies ________ are widely used in our life. A．that B．which C．who D．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如今，人工智能是我们生活中广泛使用的最重要的技术之一。 考查定语从句。that那个，先行词指人或物；which哪一个，先行词指物；who谁，先行词指人；what什么，不引导定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为“technologies”，且有“the most important”最高级修饰，此时不能用which，要用that。故选A。 5．—Have you met the volunteer ________ is organizing the community book drive? —Yes! She’s the one ________ idea won the “Best Youth Project” award last year. A．which; whose B．that; who C．that; whose D．who; which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你见过组织社区图书募捐活动的志愿者吗？——见过！去年，她的想法获得了“最佳青年项目”奖。 考查定语从句。which哪一个，先行词指物；that那个，先行词指人/物；who谁，先行词指人；whose谁的，先行词指人/物，在从句中作定语。分析句子结构可知，第一空所在句的先行词为指人的“volunteer”，且关系词代替先行词，在从句中作主语，that/who符合；第二空所在句的先行词为“the one”，指代前文提到的志愿者，此处需表示“她的主意”，whose符合。故选C。 6．Have you ever read the book ________ I bought yesterday? A．who B．what C．that D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你读过我昨天买的那本书吗？ 考查定语从句。who先行词为人；what不引导定语从句；that先行词为人或物；whom先行词为人。分析句子可知，空处到句末为定语从句，修饰先行词“the book”，为物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that引导此定语从句。故选C。 7．—What kinds of after-school activities do you like? —I like those activities ________ are about P.E. and art. A．who B．whom C．which D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么样的课外活动？——我喜欢那些关于体育和艺术的活动。 考查定语从句关系词。who谁，引导定语从句时，在句中作主语或宾语，先行词指人；whom谁，引导定语从句时，在句中作宾语，先行词指人；which哪一个，引导定语从句时，在句中作主语或宾语，先行词指物；/不填。根据“activities ...are about P. E. and art”可知，先行词“activities”是物，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导定语从句，故选C。 8．Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story _________ I have ever read. A．who B．where C．that D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：《愚公移山》是我读过的最好的故事。 考查定语从句。根据“Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story …I have ever read.”可知，先行词“story”被最高级“the best”修饰，且关系词代替先行词，在从句中作宾语，关系代词只能用that。故选C。 9．A best friend is a person _________ is always there when you need him or her. As the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” A．whom B．whose C．who D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：最好的朋友是当你需要他或她时总是在那里的人。俗话说：“患难见真情。” 考查定语从句。此句为定语从句，先行词是a person，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选C。 10．—Who is the middle-aged man with sunglasses in the corner? —He is a personal friend ________ I’ve known for many years. A．which B．whose C．whom D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——角落里戴墨镜的中年男人是谁？——他是我认识多年的私人朋友。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是friend，关系词在从句中作宾语，用whom引导定语从句。故选C。 11．The house ________ windows face south is very bright. A．when B．where C．which D．whose 【答案】D 【详解】句意：那个窗户朝南的房子非常明亮。 考查定语从句。when引导定语从句时，先行词在从句中作时间状语；where引导定语从句时，先行词在从句中作地点状语；which引导定语从句时，先行词在从句中作主语、宾语等；whose引导定语从句时，先行词在从句中作定语。本句先行词是“The house”，指物，先行词在从句中作定语，修饰名词“windows”，表示所属关系，所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故选D。 12．Lily doesn’t know ________ she can do to help the little victim ________ parents both have died. A．that; whose B．what; whose C．what; whom D．how; whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Lily不知道她能做些什么来帮助那个父母都去世的小受害者。 考查宾语从句和定语从句。that那，在宾语从句中不作成分；what什么；whom谁；whose谁的；how如何。know后缺少宾语，且do后缺少宾语，即“做的事情”，所以第一空用what引导的宾语从句；parents both have died是victim的后置定语，是对victim的进一步解释说明，且parents和victim之间是“所属”关系，所以第二空用whose。故选B。 13．A teacher is the person ________ work is to teach students carefully. A．who B．which C．where D．whose 【答案】D 【详解】句意：老师的工作就是认真地教导学生。 考查关系代词。who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；where在定语从句中作状语；whose在定语从句中作定语。分析句子结构，该句是定语从句，先行词是“the person”，设空处后为名词“work”，指的是“the person”的工作，填whose修饰“work”。故选D。 14．My mother, ________ is a kind woman, always helps others. A．who B．whom C．which D．that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的母亲是一位善良的女人，她总是帮助他人。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，这是非限制性定语从句，先行词“My mother”指人，在从句“is a kind woman”中作主语，不能用that，应用who，故选A。 15．He thinks that his pet cat, ________ is very cute, can understand his feelings. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他认为他的宠物猫，非常可爱的猫咪，能理解他的感受。 考查非限制性定语从句。who先行词指人；which先行词指物；whom先行词指人；whose先行词指人/物。根据“his pet cat”可知，先行词指物，空处作主语，关系代词用which指代。故选B。 16.Many young people, most of ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A．whom B．which C．who D．that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好的教育，前往偏远地区追逐自己的梦想。 考查定语从句。whom关系代词，指代人，作宾语；which关系代词，指代物，作宾语；who关系代词，指代人，作主语或宾语；that关系代词，指代人或，作主语或宾语。此处是定语从句，先行词young people指年轻人，介词of后接whom。故选A。 17.Linda prefers musicians who ________ different kinds of music. A．play B．plays C．was playing D．is playing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：琳达更喜欢能演奏不同种类音乐的音乐家。 考查动词时态。根据“Linda prefers musicians who…”可知，时态为一般现在时；关系代词who代替先行词musicians，在从句中作主语，谓语动词应使用动词原形。故选A。 18.（挑战题）We are now living in a great time__________ we are faced with many possibilities as well as challenges. A．why B．when C．where D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们现在生活在一个面临着许多可能和挑战的伟大时代。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是 time，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用when引导定语从句。故选B。 19.（挑战题）Michael will never forget the village ________ he was born. A．that B．which C．what D．where 【答案】D 【详解】句意：迈克尔永远不会忘记他出生的那个村庄。 考查where引导限制性定语从句。这是一个定语从句，先行词是“the village”表示地点，应该用关系副词“where”，在定语从句中作地点状语。故选D。 20.（挑战题）I wonder the reason ________ you were late for school yesterday. A．why B．where C．when D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我想知道你昨天上学迟到的原因。 考查定语从句的关系词。why为什么；where在哪里；when当…时；who谁。根据句意和句子结构可知，此空应填关系副词why，引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，并在从句中作状语，表示原因。故选A。 二、选词填空 用who、whom、whose、which或that填空。 1．A clock is a machine tells people the time. 2．The panda is a kind of animal can be found in China. 3．April 1st is the day is called April Fool’s Day in the West. 4．Where is the woman watch was stolen yesterday? 5．The woman you visited last week is a famous writer. 6．The man is standing at the door is our English teacher. 7．His father works in the factory is the oldest one in the city. 8．The woman I talked to just now is my aunt. 9．He lost a bike cost him 500 yuan. 10．Tom was the first boy left the classroom. 11．It is the most interesting story I have read. 12．Did you understand all you read in that book? 13. The watch I lost yesterday is made in Japan. 14. Everything happened at that moment seemed unreal. 15. Where is the book I borrowed from the library yesterday? 【答案】 1．that/which 2．that/which 3．which/that 4．whose 5．who/whom/that 6．who/that 7．which/that 8．who/whom/that 9．that/which 10．that 11．that 12．that 13.that/which 14. that 15. that/which 【解析】1．句意：时钟是一种告诉人们时间的机器。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词是machine，指物，所以此定语从句可用that或which引导。故填that/which。 2．句意：熊猫是一种可以在中国找到的动物。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词是animal，指物，所以此定语从句可用that或which引导。故填that/which。 3．句意：4月1日这一天在西方被称为愚人节。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词是day，指物，所以此定语从句可用which或that引导。故填which/that。 4．句意：昨天手表被偷的那个女人在哪里？分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作定语，修饰空后的名词watch，先行词是woman，指人，所以此定语从句应用whose引导。故填whose。 5．句意：你上周拜访的那个女人是一位著名的作家。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作宾语，先行词是woman，指人，所以此定语从句可用who、whom或that引导。故填who/whom/that。 6．句意：站在门口的那个人是我们的英语老师。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词是man，指人，所以此定语从句可用who或that引导。故填who/that。 7．句意：他的父亲在这座城市最古老的工厂工作。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词是factory，指物，所以此定语从句可用which或that引导。故填which/that。 8．句意：刚才和我说话的那个女人是我的阿姨。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作宾语，先行词是woman，指人，所以此定语从句可用who、whom或that引导。故填who/whom/that。 9．句意：他丢了一辆花了他500元的自行车。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词是bike，指物，所以此定语从句可用that或which引导。故填that/which。 10．句意：汤姆是第一个离开教室的男孩。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词是boy，指人，且先行词被序数词first修饰，所以只能用that引导此定语从句。故填that。 11．句意：这是我读过的最有趣的故事。“the most interesting”是形容词最高级，先行词有最高级修饰，用that。故填that。 12．句意：你明白你在那本书里读到的所有内容吗？先行词是all定语从句用that引导，故填that。 13. 句意：我昨天丢的手表是日本产的。先行词“The watch”指的是物，定语从句“I lost yesterday”缺宾语。用关系代词which或that指代物，在定语从句中作宾语。故填that/which。 14. 句意：一切在那个时候发生的事情都看起来不真实。先行词是everything不定代词，定语从句由that引导，故填that。 15．句意：我昨天在图书馆借的书在那里？先行词“the book”指的是物，定语从句“I borrowed from the library”缺宾语。用关系代词which或that指代物，在定语从句中作宾语。故填that/which。 三、完成句子（按要求完成句子） 1.Yesterday I met a boy. The boy is a new member in our art club. (用定语从句改写句子) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Yesterday I met a boy who is a new member in our art club. 【详解】句意：昨天我见到一个男孩。这个男孩是我们美术俱乐部的一个新成员。根据“boy”可知，先行词指人，关系代词用who引导。故填Yesterday I met a boy who is a new member in our art club. 2.It is a Chinese tradition. We have kept it for thousands of years. (用定语从句改写句子) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is a Chinese tradition that we have kept for thousands of years./It is a Chinese tradition which we have kept for thousands of years. 【详解】句意：这是中国的传统。我们保持它几千年了。原句中，第二句的“it”指代第一句的“a Chinese tradition”，因此“tradition”是定语从句修饰的对象（称为先行词），先行词指物，所以用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故填It is a Chinese tradition that/which we have kept for thousands of years. 3.I asked him to mail the letter. I wrote the letter to my cousin. (用定语从句改写句子) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I asked him to mail the letter that/which I wrote to my cousin. 【详解】句意：我让他把信寄出去。我给我表哥写了这封信。合并为定语从句，先行词“the letter ”指物，关系词用that/which。故填I asked him to mail the letter that/which I wrote to my cousin. 4.There should be an e-teacher. The teacher can correct mistakes and offer suggestions. (用定语从句改写句子) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There should be an e-teacher who can correct mistakes and offer suggestions. 【详解】句意：应该有一个电子教师，这个教师可以纠正错误并提供建议。用定语从句改写，将两个句子合并为一个，通过关系代词who引导定语从句修饰先行词an e-teacher，故填There should be an e-teacher who can correct mistakes and offer suggestions. 5.我们不应该忘记那些给我们提供帮助的人。(中译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We shouldn’t forget the people who have helped us. 【详解】根据题干可知，本句是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。We“我们”，作主句主语；shouldn’t“不应该”，情态动词，后加动词原形；forget“忘记”；the people“人们”作主句宾语；helped“帮助”，从句动词，此处用现在完成时，强调动作已经结束；us“我们”，作从句的宾语；先行词是人，从句缺主语，关系词用who。故填We shouldn’t forget the people who have helped us. 6.他更喜欢能让他振奋起来的书籍。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He prefers books that/which can cheer him up. 【详解】他：he；更喜欢：prefer；书：book，应用复数表示泛指；能够：can；让他振奋起来：cheer him up。此句是一般现在时，主语是he，动词prefer用三单形式。句子是定语从句，先行词是books，指物，连接词作从句主语，可以用that或which。故填He prefers books that/which can cheer him up. 7.We all know that you’re working for an organization that protects the environment.（英译中） ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】我们都知道你正在为一个保护环境的组织工作。 【详解】We all know“我们都知道”；第一个that引导宾语从句，只起引导作用，无意义；you’re working for an organization“你正在为一个机构工作”；第二个that引导定语从句，that指代先行词organization“组织”，protects the environment“保护环境”。故填：我们都知道你正在为一个保护环境的组织工作。 8.China is a great country that has about 5,000 years of history.（英译中） ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】中国是一个有着约五千年历史的伟大国家。 【详解】“China”中国；“is”是；“a great country”一个伟大的国家；“that has about 5,000 years of history”是定语从句，修饰“a great country”，表示“有着约五千年历史的”；整个句子是一个含有定语从句的复合句，描述中国的伟大和历史悠久。故填：中国是一个有着约五千年历史的伟大国家。 9.Jack is a young singer. He wants to make progress in singing.（合并为一句） Jack is a young singer to make progress in singing. 【答案】 that/who wants 【详解】句意：Jack是一个年轻歌手。他想要在唱歌方面取得进步。此处可以改为定语从句，singer“歌手”，是先行词，指人，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that或who引导。singer作主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称，wants意为“想要”。故填that/who；wants。 10.钟南山是一名伟大的医生，受到全国人民的尊敬。 Zhong Nanshan is a great doctor, by all the people in China. 【答案】 who is respected 【详解】分析句子结构可知，本句是非限定性定语从句，“受到全国人民的尊敬”是对于“医生”的解释说明，先行词doctor是人，关系词用who；中英对照可知，第二和三空处意为“受到尊敬”，respect“尊敬”符合语境，此处应该使用被动语态，本句是一般现在时，且主语doctor是单数。故填who；is；respected。 11.卡拉更喜欢那种带给她思考的电影。 Carla prefers movies her something to think about. 【答案】 that/which give 【详解】句子是定语从句，先行词movies指物，用that或which引导定语从句，“带给”give，根据“prefers”可知用一般现在时，movies是复数，从句中谓语用动词原形。故填that/which；give。 12．杨波是海嘎村的英雄，他带领着村民走向了幸福的生活。 Yang Bo is a hero in Haiga village villagers to a better life. 【答案】 who/that led 【详解】根据所给句意可知，空白处应用定语从句，先行词“a hero”表示人，应用关系代词who/that，在句中作主语；第二空表示“带领”，用动词lead，根据句意可知，应用一般过去时。故填who/that；led。 13.这一节气名为“谷雨”，因雨水帮助谷物生长而闻名。 This solar term is named the Grain Rain because it is famous for rain the grain grow. 【答案】 that/which helps 【详解】根据“because it is famous for rain...the grain grow.”可知，rain后为定语从句，先行词是rain，用that/which在从句中作为主语，rain是不可数名词，所以谓语动词help“帮助”需用第三人称单数形式helps。故填that/which；helps。 14.到达那里之后，我们尽力做我们能做的事情去帮助他们。 After arriving there, we tried our best to do the things help them. 【答案】 that we could to 【详解】本句可用定语从句表示，先行词是“things”，引导词在从句中作主语，可用that引导；we我们；could能；to help them去帮助他们，使用动词不定式表目的。故填that；we；could；to。 15.我们中国人常说：行动胜于空谈，是成功的关键。 As we Chinese often say: Actions, louder than words, are the keys to success. 【答案】 which speak 【详解】分析句子结构可知，空处句子是非限制性定语从句，先行词actions指物，作主语，引导词用which，speak“说”，作从句的谓语；时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填which；speak。 一、语法选择 One afternoon, I sat by a lake watching an old man fishing. He sat quietly by the water for hours, yet he never seemed 1 . “Why do you like fishing so much?” I asked. He smiled and said, “Fishing teaches me patience.” I nodded, not fully understanding. Then he told me a story. “Years ago, I was a young man full of 2 . I hurried through life and always 3 about what I didn’t have. One day, a friend took me fishing. “Sit and watch the water,” he said. 4 I waited, I noticed the sun 5 on the lake, and a bird flew across the sky 6 . For the first time, I felt inner peace. Fishing taught me how to stop and appreciate the moment.” “But what if you don’t catch 7 fish?” I asked. “Ah,” he said, “the secret isn’t about the fish. It’s about 8 to be present. Life is like a lake 9 sometimes is calm, sometimes full of waves. The key is to keep 10 steady even when the storm comes.” His words made a difference 11 me. Later, I faced a difficult exam. Instead of being afraid, I remembered his advice. I told myself that I 12 stay calm and trust my preparation. So I took deep breaths and focused on each question. When I saw the results, I found I had done better than expected. Now, whenever I feel stressed, I recall 13 afternoon by the lake. The old man wasn't just teaching me about fishing; he also taught me a lesson in life. He showed me that happiness 14 not in rushing to the end, but in enjoying the journey. Sometimes, the most valuable lessons come from the simplest moments—if only we spend the time 15 them. 1．A．boring B．bored C．boringly D．boredly 2．A．angry B．angrily C．anger D．angering 3．A．to complain B．complaining C．complain D．complained 4．A．When B．Though C．After D．Until 5．A．shone B．shine C．shining D．to shine 6．A．slowly B．slower C．slow D．more slowly 7．A．some B．no C．any D．all 8．A．to learn B．learned C．learn D．learning 9．A．which B．who C．when D．what 10．A．us B．ourselves C．our D．we 11．A．of B．from C．to D．on 12．A．must B．can C．may D．might 13．A．an B．a C．the D．/ 14．A．finds B．is found C．found D．was found 15．A．notice B．to notice C．noticing D．noticed 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文讲述了“我”在湖边观察一位老人钓鱼时，听他分享钓鱼教会自己耐心与活在当下的人生故事。老人年轻时性情急躁，因钓鱼学会欣赏当下；后来“我”将这一道理应用于考试，成功克服压力。故事揭示了幸福源于享受过程而非匆忙追逐结果的哲理。 1．句意：他在水边安静地坐了几个小时，却似乎从不感到无聊。 boring令人无聊的，修饰物；bored感到无聊的，修饰人；boringly无聊地，副词；boredly无聊地，副词。根据“yet he never seemed...”可知，此处需形容词作表语，修饰人（he）的感受，所以用bored。故选B。 2．句意：多年前，我是个充满愤怒的年轻人。 angry愤怒的，形容词；angrily愤怒地，副词；anger愤怒，名词；angering使愤怒，动名词。根据“full of...”可知，介词后需接名词。故选C。 3．句意：我匆忙度过人生，总是抱怨自己没有的东西。 to complain抱怨，不定式；complaining动名词；complain动词原形；complained过去式。根据“hurried through life and always...”可知，此处与“hurried”并列，需用一般过去时。故选D。 4．句意：当我等待时，我注意到阳光洒在湖面上，一只鸟缓缓飞过天空。 When当……时，引导时间状语从句；Though尽管，引导让步状语从句；After在……之后，引导时间状语从句；Until直到，引导时间状语从句。根据“I noticed the sun...”可知，“等待”与“注意到阳光”同时发生，用“When”引导时间状语从句。故选A。 5．句意：当我等待时，我注意到阳光洒在湖面上，一只鸟缓缓飞过天空。 shone照耀，过去式；shine照耀，动词原形；shining照耀，现在分词；to shine照耀，不定式。根据“noticed the sun...”可知，固定搭配“notice sb./sth. doing sth.”表示“注意到某物正在做某事”。故选C。 6．句意：当我等待时，我注意到阳光洒在湖面上，一只鸟缓缓飞过天空。 slowly缓慢地，副词；slower更慢的，形容词比较级；slow慢的，形容词；more slowly更慢地，副词比较级。根据“a bird flew across the sky”可知，此处需副词修饰动词“flew”，所以用slowly。故选A。 7．句意：“但如果你钓不到任何鱼呢？” 我问。 some一些，用于肯定句；no没有；any任何，用于否定/疑问句；all所有，形容词。根据“don’t catch...fish”可知，否定句中表示“任何鱼”用“any”。故选C。 8．句意：秘诀不在于鱼，而在于学会活在当下。 to learn学习，不定式；learned学习，过去式；learn学习，动词原形；learning学习，动名词。根据“about...to be present”可知，介词“about”后接动名词。故选D。 9．句意：生活就像一片湖，有时平静，有时波涛汹涌。 which关系代词，指物，作主语/宾语；who关系代词，指人；when关系副词，指时间；what不能引导定语从句，可引导宾语从句。根据“a lake...sometimes is calm”可知，定语从句修饰物“lake”，且引导词在从句中作主语，用which。故选A。 10．句意：关键是即使暴风雨来临时，也要让自己保持镇定。 us我们，宾格；ourselves我们自己，反身代词；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；we我们，主格。根据“keep...steady”可知，固定搭配“keep oneself steady”表示“让自己保持镇定”，用反身代词 ourselves。故选B。 11．句意：他的话对我产生了影响。 of……的；from来自；to对……；on在……上。根据“made a difference...”可知，固定搭配“make a difference to sb.”表示“对某人产生影响”，所以用介词to。故选C。 12．句意：我告诉自己必须保持冷静，相信自己的准备。 must必须，强调主观必要性；can能够；may可能；might可能，过去式。根据“stay calm and trust my preparation”可知，此处表示“必须”保持冷静，“must”语气坚定，符合应对考试的语境。故选A。 13．句意：现在，每当我感到压力时，就会回想起在湖边的那个下午。 an一个，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；a一个，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；the这个，定冠词，表特指；/不填。根据“afternoon by the lake”可知，此处特指前文提到的“在湖边的下午”，用定冠词the。故选C。 14．句意：他让我明白，幸福不在于匆忙奔向终点，而在于享受旅程。 finds找到，第三人称单数；is found被找到，一般现在时的被动语态；found找到，过去式；was found被找到，一般过去时的被动语态。根据“happiness...not in rushing”可知，幸福是“被发现”的，且句子为一般现在时，用被动语态“is found”。故选B。 15．句意：有时，最宝贵的教训来自最简单的时刻——只要我们花时间留意它们。 notice留意，动词原形；to notice留意，不定式；noticing留意，动名词；noticed留意，过去式。根据“spend the time...”可知，固定搭配“spend time doing sth.”表示“花时间做某事”，所以用动名词noticing。故选C。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As spring has come with blossoms, it’s time to enjoy this year’s fresh tea. Among the various green teas, there is a special one called Anji white tea which is, in fact, not 1 member of the white tea family. Rare 2 expensive, the tea has a short harvesting period, often only one month. The reason why Anji white tea is called “white tea” is primarily due to the tea plant it comes from, 3 is known as “White Leaf No. 1”. This is a temperature-sensitive (敏感的) whitening variety, and the color of 4 (it) tea buds changes with the temperature. In early spring when temperatures are low, the tender leaves come to spread 5 (gradual). The buds, along with the leaves, change from a slight green 6 a jade-like white color. As the temperature rises, the color of leaves deepens step by step, finally 7 (turn) green. Originally (最初) 8 (produce) in Anji county in Zhejiang province in East China, Anji white tea 9 (discover) in the 1980s. Anji white tea is known for its 10 (rich) of theanine (茶氨酸) as well as amino acids that are essential to the proper functioning of the body. It also contains strong antioxidants that are critical in keeping the heart healthy. 【答案】 1．a 2．and 3．which 4．its 5．gradually 6．to 7．turning 8．produced 9．was discovered 10．richness 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了安吉白茶的特点、来源及其营养价值。 1．句意：在各种各样的绿茶中，有一种特殊的绿茶叫做安吉白茶，实际上它不是白茶家族的成员。此处需要不定冠词修饰“member”，表示“一个成员”，且“member”以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2．句意：。这种茶稀有而昂贵，采收期很短，通常只有一个月。“rare”和“expensive”是并列关系，需用连词连接，故填and。 3．句意：安吉白茶之所以被称为“白茶”，主要是因为它所来自的茶树，被称为“白叶一号”。此处是非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“the tea plant”，且作从句的主语，故填which。 4．句意：这是一种对温度敏感的变白品种，其茶芽的颜色会随温度变化。此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰“tea buds”，故填its。 5．句意：早春气温较低时，嫩叶逐渐展开。此处需用副词修饰动词“spread”，故填gradually。 6．句意：嫩芽和叶子一起，由微绿变成玉白色。“from…to…”是固定搭配，表示“从……到……”，故填to。 7．句意：随着温度升高，叶子的颜色逐步加深，最终变成绿色。此处是现在分词作伴随状语，表示与主句动作同时发生，故填turning。 8．句意：安吉白茶原产于中国东部浙江省安吉县，于20世纪80年代被发现。逻辑主语Anji white tea与非谓语动词produce之间是动宾关系，此处是过去分词作后置定语，修饰“Anji white tea”，表示被动含义，故填produced。 9．句意：安吉白茶原产于中国东部浙江省安吉县，于20世纪80年代被发现。主语Anji white tea与动词discover之间是动宾关系，故此处需用被动语态be done，且时态是一般过去时，be动词用was，discover的过去分词是discovered，故填was discovered。 10．句意：安吉白茶以其丰富的茶氨酸和氨基酸而闻名，这些都是身体正常运作所必需的。此处需用名词形式作介词“for”的宾语，故填richness。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$