Unit 1 Section 4课件-2025-2026学年沪教版（2024）英语八年级上册

Unit 1 Look it up 沪教牛津版八年级上册 What can we learn from encyclopaedias? Key question 主题范畴：人与社会 Section 4 1 Focusing on culture 聚焦文化 Lead-in Have you ever read this book? Notes: The Encyclopaedia Britannica is a world-famous encyclopaedia. It is the oldest English-language encyclopaedia. The first edition was published in 1768, and since then there have been 15 editions. 《不列颠百科全书》（英文：Encyclopedia Britannica），又称《大英百科全书》，被认为是当今世界上最知名也是最权威的百科全书，英语世界俗称的ABC百科全书之一。 《不列颠百科全书》由世界各国、各学术领域的著名专家学者（包括众多诺贝尔奖得主）为其撰写条目。该书囊括了对人类知识各重要学科的详尽介绍，和对历史及当代重要人物、事件的详实叙述，其学术性和权威性为世人所公认。 Encyclopaedias provide all kinds of information. When were the first encyclopaedias made? Let’s explore the history of encyclopaedias to learn more. Pre-reading editor organize order record n. （书籍的）编辑 v. 安排；组织 n. 顺序 v. 记录 New words 通识教育 历史悠久 与……相似 字母顺序 起到重要作用 更喜欢做某事 两者都 了解 general education go back a long way be similar to alphabetical order play an important role prefer to do sth. both ... and learn about New phrases Read the article about encyclopaedias and find out how they developed in different parts of the world. 阅读这篇关于百科全书的文章，了解它们在世界各地的发展历程。 Reading The word “encyclopaedia” comes from a Greek word that means “general education”. We use encyclopaedias to find information about different subjects. Nowadays, most people use encyclopaedias online, but some still prefer to use paper encyclopaedias. They often come in several volumes. China has a long history of creating encyclopaedias. One of the first encyclopaedias was the Huanglan (i.e. the Imperial Anthology). It was created around 220 CE. Another important encyclopaedia was the Yongle Dadian (i.e. the Yongle Encyclopaedia). The Yongle Dadian was completed in 1408 and had over 11,000 volumes. It is probably the largest encyclopaedia in history. Both the Huang lan Encyclopaedias: an educational tool with a long history and Yongle Dadian included important pieces of writing. These entries covered subjects like history, art and science. Encyclopaedias in other parts of the world also go back a long way in history. The earliest kown encyclopaedias in Europe were written by the Greeks in the 4th century BCE. They were similar to early Chinese encyclopaedias because they included works by different scholars. Centuries later, the editors of the first modern encyclopaedias, like the Encyclopaedia Britannica, organized the entries in alphabetical order. People could use the first letter of a word to find a subject quickly and easily. Encyclopaedias have played an important role through history in recording and providing information. They are still a useful tool, and they help us learn about the world that we live in. Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 3 Para. 4 a Encyclopedias around the world b What is an encyclopedia c Why encyclopedias matter  d China’s early encyclopedias 1 Choose the best topic for each part on pages 14. Definition: ·Word origin: Greek word meaning “(2) _______ _________” ·Purpose: To find information about (3) ________ ________ · (4) ______ of encyclopaedias: Online and paper encyclopaedias. History of encyclopaedias in China ·Huanglan: Created around (5) ___________ ·Yongle Dadian: Completed in 1408 and over 11,000 volumes Encyclopaedias: an educational tool (1) _____ a long history with general education different subjects Types 220 CE History of Encyclopaedias in Europe ·The earliest known encyclopaedias: Written by the (6) ______ in the 4th century BCE; (7) _______ ___ Chinese encyclopaedias. ·The first modern encyclopaedias: Organized in (8) ___________ ________ (e.g., Encyclopaedia Britannica) Importance of Encyclopaedias ·Role in history: (9) __________ and __________ information ·Present use: A useful tool for (10) _________ ______ the world Greeks similar to alphabetical order Recording providing learning about (1) What does the word “encyclopedia” mean in Greek? (2) Do most people use printed or online encyclopedias today? (3) What was the name of China’s first encyclopedia made around 220 CE? General education / Complete education. 2 Read the story and answer the questions below. Online encyclopedias. Huanglan (the Imperial Anthology). (4) How many books were in the Yongle Dadian? (5) Who wrote the first European encyclopedias? (6) How do modern encyclopedias organize their topics to make them easy to find? (7) Why are encyclopedias important? Over 11,000 volumes. The Greeks. In A-Z order/alphabetical order. They help people learn and save knowledge / understand our world. (1) How were early Greek encyclopaedias similar to early Chinese encyclopaedias? (2) What changes did the editors of the first modern encyclopaedias make? What do you think of this change? 2 Answer the questions below with the information from the article on pages 14. They both collected writings from many different scholars about topics like history, art, and science. They organized topics in A-Z alphabetical order instead of grouping them by subject. I think ... Exercise on page 15 3 Complete the sentences with the words below. Change the form if necessary. editor order organize record (1) Before you start writing, you need to _________ your ideas. (2) Writers __________ important information about science, art and other subjects in the Huanglan and Yongle Dadian. (3) _______ need to check all facts very carefully. (4) The words in a dictionary are usually in alphabetical _________. organize record Editors order Post-reading Find out more information about the Yongle Dadian and share your findings with your classmates. Your ideas c 1. Basic Facts: Made when: 1403–1408 (Ming Dynasty) Made by who: Ordered by Emperor Yongle, edited by 2,000+ scholars How big: 11,095 volumes (originally), 370 million Chinese characters! 2. Amazing Features: 📚 Content: Copies of 8,000+ rare books (history, science, medicine, etc.) ✍ Handwritten: Beautiful calligraphy on special paper 🔍 Organization: Sorted by Chinese rhymes (not A-Z!) 3. Sad Truth: ☹ Only 400 volumes survive today (most burned/were lost in wars) 🌍 Where to see? Libraries in China (Beijing/Shanghai) and some in the UK/US 4. Why It’s Special: 🏆 Largest paper encyclopedia ever made (Guinness World Record) 💡 Saved knowledge from older books that no longer exist Where can you see precious ancient books in China? The National Museum of Classic Books is one such place. Find more information about it online. Exploring more Phrases Find out the phrases from P14. 1. 通识教育 ____________________ (P14) 2. 历史悠久 ____________________ (P14) 3. 与……相似 ____________________ (P14) 4. 字母顺序 ____________________ (P14) 5. 起到重要作用 ________________________ (P14) 6. 更喜欢做某事 ____________________ (P14) 7. 两者都 ____________________ (P14) 8. 了解 ____________________ (P14) general education go back a long way be similar to alphabetical order play an important role prefer to do sth. both ... and ... learn about Language points 她英语和法语都说得很流利。 She speaks _____ English _____ French fluently. 1. Both the Huanglan and Yongle Dadian included important pieces of writing. 句意：《皇览》和《永乐大典》都包含了重要的著作。 即学即练 “both … and …”表示“两者都……”，用于连接两个并列的成分，强调两者都具有某种共同的特征或属性。当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 both and 这篇文章是由一位著名科学家撰写的。 This article ___ _______ ____ a famous scientist. 2. The earliest known encyclopaedias in Europe were written by the Greeks in the 4th century BCE. 句意：已知欧洲最早的百科全书是由古希腊人在公元前4世纪编写的。 即学即练 is written by “be written by”是一个典型的英语被动语态结构，意为“由……编写”。在被动语态中，“by”用于引出动作的执行者。 1. 今日气温与昨天相近。 Today’s temperature ____ _______ ____ yesterday’s. 2. 她的教学风格与其他老师不同。 Her teaching style __ _______ ____ other teachers. 3. They were similar to early Chinese encyclopaedias because they included works by different scholars. 句意：它们与早期的中国百科全书相似，因为它们包含了不同学者的作品。 即学即练 is similar to “be similar to”意为“与……相似”，其中介词必须使用“to”。反义词：be different from is different from 1. 水对保持健康很重要。 Water ____ __ ________ ___ __ keeping us healthy. 4. Encyclopaedias have played an important role through history in recording and providing information. 句意：百科全书在历史上一直发挥着重要作用，记录并提供信息。 即学即练 plays an important role in “play an important role”后常跟介词“in”搭配，表示“在……中起重要作用”。其同义短语是play an important part in。 Practice makes perfect! I. 根据首字母提示写单词，完成句子。 1. The teacher asked us to line up in o_________ of height. 2. The e_________ corrected my spelling mistakes. 3. We’re o_________ a school trip next month. 4. I r_________ my daily expenses(花销) in this notebook. rder ditor rganizing ecord II.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。 6. 这个APP既能记账又能生成报告。 This app can _______ track expenses _______ create reports. 7. 中国茶的历史源远流长。 The history of tea in China _______ _______ _______ _______ _______. 8. 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是莎士比亚创作的。 ‘Romeo and Juliet’ _______ _______ _______ Shakespeare. 9. 小时候，我更喜欢在户外玩耍。 As a child, I _________ ______ play outside. both and goes back a long way was written by preferred to 30 单击“同步练习”字样，可打开Language points同步练习的Word文档超链接。 10. 你在新闻上有了解到地震的消息吗？ Did you ______ ______ the earthquake on the news? 11. 搜索结果通常按字母顺序显示。 Search results are usually displayed in _______________ ______. 12. 大学的前两年通常以通识教育为主。 The first two years of college usually focus on ________ ________. 13. 这个理论和爱因斯坦的早期研究相似。 This theory ______ ______ ______ Einstein’s early work. 14. 可再生能源对减少污染至关重要。 Renewable energy ______ ______ __________ ______ in reducing pollution. learn about alphabetical order general education is similar to plays an important role 31 单击“同步练习”字样，可打开Language points同步练习的Word文档超链接。 Cross-curricular connectionl Information technology 跨学科链接 信息技术 In the time of the internet, more and more people use online encyclopaedias to look up information, which is fast and convenient. 在互联网时代，越来越多的人使用在线百科全书查阅信息，这种方式既快捷又便利。 Cross-curricular connection Information technology Online encyclopaedias 在线百科全书起源于20世纪末互联网的普及，其核心概念可追溯至古代的百科全书编纂传统（如《大英百科全书》始于1768年）。1990年代，随着CD-ROM电子百科（如微软Encarta）的出现，数字化百科初现雏形。2001年维基百科（Wikipedia）的诞生彻底改变了知识共享模式，通过“众包编辑”（Crowdsourcing）实现内容快速更新，成为全球最大免费百科全书。 背景知识 1 The entry below is from one of the world’s largest online encyclopaedias. Look at the entry and answer the questions below. (1) Why are the parts in the blue boxes useful? What kind of information do they give us? (2) How is it different from a print encyclopaedia? Which do you prefer? 2 Do you know any other online encyclopaedias? Can you describe them to your classmates? 综合类百科全书 1. 大英百科全书在线 (www.britannica.com) – 权威性强，适合学术研究。 2. 世界图书在线 (www.worldbook.com) – 面向学生和教育工作者，内容简明易懂。 3. 公民百科 (Citizendium) – 类似维基百科，但由专家参与编辑，可靠性更高。 专业领域百科全书 1. 斯坦福哲学百科全书 (plato.stanford.edu) – 专注哲学领域，内容深度强。 2. 生命百科全书 (eol.org) – 涵盖全球生物物种信息，适合生物学研究。 3. 互联网哲学百科全书 (iep.utm.edu) – 提供经过同行评审的哲学条目。 另类 & 小众百科 1. Everipedia (everipedia.org) – 基于区块链技术的去中心化百科。 2. 学者百科(Scholarpedia)– 由各领域专家撰写，学术性强。 3. Infogalactic (infogalactic.com) – 观点更自由，可作为维基百科的补充。 Project 项目 Acting out a play of a Chinese classic book Encyclopaedias like the Yongle Dadian are one type of Chinese classic books, but there are many other classic collections of knowledge. In this project, you will work in groups to explore a classic work and act out a play about it. Step 1 Pick one of the works below, or choose another classic book you like. Find more information about it. Shijing (The book of poetry) Tiangong Kaiwu Bencao Gangmu The Art of War 《诗经》 《天工开物》 《本草纲目》 《孙子兵法》 Step 2 Organize the information you collected. Book title: Writer(s): Topic: Time written: Material written on: Importance: Step 3 Adapt the imformation into a play script. Assign different roles in your group. Roles in your play may include: the narrator: introduces the book (e.g. its title, writer(s), topic) the storyteller: reads poems / excerpts from the book actor(s): play(s) the role(s) of characters from the book or the author (e.g. explaining how he / she wrote the book) Step 4 Perform your play for the class and vote for the best performance. Wits corner 智慧角 The world encyclopaedia, the universal library, exists, and it is the world itself. — Alberto Mangnel 《世界百科全书》，即宇宙图书馆，确实存在，而它正是这个世界本身。 ——阿尔维托·曼古埃尔 More wits 1. A book is like a spaceship that can take you to the farthest stars. An encyclopedia is a whole fleet. 一本书就像一艘飞船，能带你去往最遥远的星系。而百科全书，是一支舰队。 2. The encyclopedia is a weapon to change the world. 百科全书是改变世界的武器。 3. An encyclopedia is an extension of human memory. 百科全书是人类记忆的延伸。 4. Doubt is the beginning of wisdom, and the encyclopedia is its guide. 怀疑是智慧的起点，而百科全书是怀疑的指南。 In this class, we have learned new words and expressions in the text. the detailed information and the structure of the text. some important language points in the text. Summary Self-assessment How well do you know about this lesson? Tick the boxes. I understand the new expressions in the article. 口 口 口 I understand the detailed information about the article.口 口 口 I know how to retell the article with key words. 口 口 口 I think I can use all language points correctly. 口 口 口 $$