Unit 1 Food Matters 词汇 讲义 2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册

选修1 Unit1词汇本 1. mood n.  /muːd/ ①[ C]情绪；心情 •Some addicts suffer violent mood swings (= changes of mood) if deprived of the drug. 一些吸毒成瘾的人一旦没有毒品就会出现情绪的激烈波动。 •I'm just not in the mood for a party tonight.我今晚就是没心情参加聚会。 ②[ C]坏心境；坏脾气 •I wonder why he's in such a mood today.我不知道他为什么今天脾气这么坏。 •She was in one of her moods.她又闹情绪了。 ③[ sing.]气氛；氛围 •The mood of the meeting was distinctly pessimistic.这次会议的气氛显然很悲观。 ④[C](语法)（动词的）语气 •the indicative/imperative/subjunctive mood 陈述╱祈使╱虚拟语气 2. com·bin·ation n.  /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/ combine v. ①[ C]结合体；联合体；混合体 •Technology and good management. That's a winning combination. 技术加良好的管理，这是取胜的组合。 ②[ U]结合；联合；混合 •The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners. 这家公司与几家海外合伙人在联合开发新产品。 •These paints can be used individually or in combination. 这些涂料可单独或混合使用。 ③[ C]（用于开密码锁的）数码组合，字码组合 •I can't remember the combination.我不记得密码锁的数码组合了 3. creamy adj.  /ˈkriːmi/ ( cream·ier creami·est) cream n. ①像奶油的；光滑细腻的；含乳脂的 •a creamy sauce/soup 奶油调味汁╱汤羹 ②奶油色的；淡黄色的；米色的 •creamy skin淡黄色的皮肤 4. fla·vour  /ˈfleɪvə(r)/ n./v. ①[ U]（食物或饮料的）味道 SYN taste •The tomatoes give extra flavour to the sauce.番茄使调味汁别有风味。 •It is stronger in flavour than other Dutch cheeses.这比其他荷兰干酪的味道要浓。 ②[ C]（某种）味道 •This yogurt comes in ten different flavours.这种酸奶有十种不同的味道。 •a wine with a delicate fruit flavour有淡淡的水果味的葡萄酒 ③[ sing.]特点；特色；气氛 •Foreign visitors help to give a truly international flavour to the occasion. 外国客人使这个场合显出一种真正国际性的气氛 ④[ sing.]a/the ~ of sth像…的想法 •I have tried to convey something of the flavour of the argument. 我试图表达某种类似论据的东西。 IDIOMS 习语 1.flavour of the ˈmonth风靡一时的人（或事物） 5. greedily adv. /ˈɡriːdɪli/ greed n. greedy adj. ①贪婪地；贪食地 6. gen·tly adv.  /ˈdʒentli/ gentle adj. ①温柔地；温和地；文静地；和缓地 •Massage the area gently but firmly .推拿此部位要柔中带劲。 ②Gently! ( BrE informal )注意点；小心点；慢点 •Gently! You'll hurt the poor thing!小心点，你会弄痛这可怜的家伙的！ •Don't go too fast —gently does it! 别太快—慢点吧！ 7. des·sert n.  /dɪˈzɜːt/ ①[ U/C]（饭后）甜点，甜食 •What's for dessert ?餐后甜点吃什么？ •a rich chocolate dessert腻人的巧克力甜点 •a dessert wine餐末甜酒 8. as·so·ci·ation n.  /əˌsəʊʃiˈeɪʃn/ associate v. ①(abbr. Assoc.)[ C+sing./pl.v.]协会；社团；联盟 SYN organization •Do you belong to any professional or trade associations?你参加专业学会或行业协会没？ ②[ C/U]~ (with sb/sth)联合；合伙；关联；交往 •The book was published in association with (= together with) British Heritage. 这本书是与英国传统出版社联合出版的。 ③[ C,usually pl.]联想；联系 •The seaside had all sorts of pleasant associations with childhood holidays for me. 海滨使我联想起童年假期的各种愉快情景。 ④[ C]因果关系 •a proven association between passive smoking and cancer 已被证实的被动吸烟与癌症之间的因果关系 9. vary v.  /ˈveəri/ ( vary·ing var·ied var·ied) ①[ V] ~ (in sth)(一组类似的事物)（大小、形状等）相异，不同，有别 SYN differ •New techniques were introduced with varying degrees of success. 引进新技术的成功程度不尽相同。 ②[ V] ~ (with sth)~ (from sth to sth)~ (between A and B)（根据情况）变化，变更，改变 •‘What time do you start work?’ ‘ It varies .’“你几点钟开始工作？”“没准儿。” ③[ VN]变更；（略做）改变 •The job enables me to vary the hours I work. 这项工作使我能够调整工作时间。 10. link  /lɪŋk/ n./vt. n. ①~ (between A and B)联系；连接 ˌmissing ˈlink n.  1.[ C]（理解问题或使事物完整的）必要的环节，不可缺少的一环 2.the missing link[ sing.]缺环（推想中从类人猿发展到人类之间的过渡动物） ②~ (between A and B)~ (with sth)关系；纽带 •to establish trade links with Asia与亚洲建立贸易关系 ③交通路线；通讯手段 •a high-speed rail link 高速的铁路交通 IDIOMS 习语 1.a link in the ˈchain链条中的一个环节；整个过程中的一个阶段 vt. ①把（物体、机器、地方等）连接起来 SYN connect ②联系；相关联 •The two factors are directly linked .这两个因素直接联系在一起。 ③说明（两件东西或两人之间）有联系（或关系） SYN associate ④挽住；钩住；套在一起 •The two girls linked arms as they strolled down the street.两女孩挽着胳臂沿街漫步而行。 PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词 1.ˌlink ˈup (with sb/sth)（与…）连接，结合；使连接；使结合 •The two spacecraft will link up in orbit.两艘宇宙飞船将在轨道上对接。 •The bands have linked up for a charity concert. 这些乐队已联合起来，准备办一场慈善音乐会。 11. emo·tion n.  /ɪˈməʊʃn/ emotional adj. ①强烈的感情；激情；情感；情绪 •He lost control of his emotions.他情绪失去了控制。 •Emotions are running high (= people are feeling very excited, angry, etc.) .群情激奋。 •Mary was overcome with emotion.玛丽激动得不能自持。 12. na·tive  /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj./n. adj. ①[ only before noun]出生地的；儿时居住地的 •your native land/country/city 你的故乡╱祖国╱故里 ②[ only before noun]本地的；当地的 •native Berliners土生土长的柏林人 ③[ only before noun] ( sometimes offensive)土著的；土著人的 •native peoples土著民族 •native art土著艺术 ④~ (to...)( 动植物 )原产于某地的；土产的；当地的 SYN indigenous •the native plants of America美国的土生植物 •native species当地的物种 •The tiger is native to India.这种虎产于印度。 ⑤[ only before noun]天赋的；与生俱来的 •native cunning与生俱来的狡猾 DIOMS 习语 1.go ˈnative( often humorous) ( 移居异国的人 )入乡随俗；同化 n. ①出生于某国（或某地）的人 •a native of New York纽约人 ②本地人；当地人 SYN local •You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives. 游客与当地人之间的区别一望即知。 ③本地的动物（或植物） •The kangaroo is a native of Australia.袋鼠是产于澳大利亚的动物。 13. saltyadj.  /ˈsɔːlti/ ( salt·ier salti·est) salt n. ①含盐的；咸的 •salty food咸的食物 •salty sea air海边带咸味的空气 14. sour  /ˈsaʊə(r)/ adj./v. sour·ly adv. sour·ness n. [ U] adj. ①酸的；有酸味的 •sour apples酸苹果 •a sour flavour酸味 ②(尤指牛奶)酸腐的；馊的 •to turn/go sour 馊了 ③ (人)阴郁的；闷闷不乐的；没好气的 •a sour face阴郁的脸色 •a sour and disillusioned woman心灰意冷、幻想破灭的女人 IDIOMS 习语 1.go/turn ˈsour变坏；恶化；出毛病 •Their relationship soon went sour.他们的关系很快有了嫌隙。 2.sour ˈgrapes( saying) 酸葡萄（表示某人表面贬低某事物，实则是嫉妒） •He said he didn't want the job anyway, but that's just sour grapes. 他说反正他并不想干这份工作，这不过是吃不着葡萄就说葡萄酸而已。 v. ①(关系、态度、人等)（使）变坏，恶化 •The atmosphere at the house soured.屋子里的气氛不对了。 ②（牛奶等）变味，酸腐 15. re·lieve v.  /rɪˈliːv/ relief n. ①解除，减轻，缓和（不快或痛苦） •to relieve anxiety/guilt/stress 消除焦虑╱内疚；缓解压力 ②减轻（问题的严重性）；缓和；缓解 SYN alleviate •efforts to relieve poverty缓解贫困的努力 •to relieve traffic congestion缓解交通拥堵 ③调剂；使有趣 •We played cards to relieve the boredom of the long wait. 长时间等待实在无聊，我们就打扑克来解闷儿。 ④接替；给…换班 •to relieve a sentry换岗 •You'll be relieved at six o'clock.六点钟有人来换你的班。 ⑤~ yourself（去厕所的一种委婉说法）方便，解手 •I had to relieve myself behind a bush.我只好在树丛后面方便了一下。 PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词 1. reˈlieve sb. of sth. (1)替…拿重物；帮助…减轻（负担） •Let me relieve you of some of your bags.我来帮你拿几个袋子吧。 (2) ( informal ironic) to steal sth from sb偷窃；窃取 •A boy with a knife relieved him of his wallet.一个持刀的家伙偷了他的钱包。 (3)to dismiss sb from a job, position, etc.开除；解除…的职务 •General Beale was relieved of his command.比尔将军被解除了指挥权。 16. bond  /bɒnd/ n./v. n. ①[ C]~ (between A and B)纽带；联系；关系；契合 ②[C]债券；公债 ③[ U]( law 律)保释金 •He was released on $5 000 bond.他以5 000元取保释放。 ④[C] ( also ˈmortgage bond )按揭贷款协议；按揭贷款 •to pay off a bond偿清按揭贷款 •bond rates (= of interest) 按揭贷款利率 ⑤bonds[ pl.] ( formal )捆绑犯人的绳索（或镣铐）；羁绊；桎梏 •to release sb from their bonds给某人脱去枷锁 ⑥[ C] (化学)键合；键 v. ①~ (A and B) (together)~ (A) to B使牢固结合；把…紧紧地连接到 ②~ (with sb)增强（与某人的）信任关系；建立（与某人的）互信关系 17. se·cur·ity n.  /sɪˈkjʊərəti/ ( pl.-ies) ①ˌsocial seˈcurity n.  [ U]社会保障金（政府定期向贫穷、失业、患病等人发放） ②[ U]保护措施；安全工作 •national security (= the defence of a country) 国家安全 ③[ U+sing./pl.v.]卫部门；保安部门 •Security was/were called to the incident.保安人员被叫到事发现场。 ④[ U]担保；保证 •Job security is a thing of the past.稳定的工作是过去的事了。 ⑤ [ U]安全；平安 •the security of a loving family life安享天伦之乐 18. gen·er·ate vt.  /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ ①产生；引起 •to generate electricity/heat/power 发电；产生热╱动力 •to generate income/profit 产生收益╱利润 •We need someone to generate new ideas.我们需要有人出新主意。 19. di·gest /daɪˈdʒest/ /dɪ‑/ v./n. digestion n. vt. ①消化 •Humans cannot digest plants such as grass.人不能消化草类植物。 ②领会；领悟；理解 •He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.他停了一会，等她慢慢领会这一信息。 n. ①摘要；概要；文摘；汇编 •a monthly news digest每月新闻摘要。 20. lower  /ˈləʊə(r)/ adj./v. adj. ①(尤指位于同类物品或成对物品中另一个的）下面的，下方的 •His lower lip trembled.他的下唇在颤抖。 ②在底部的；近底部的•the mountain's lower slopes山麓斜坡 ③ (地方)朝海岸的；低洼的；向南的 •the lower reaches of the Nile尼罗河的下游 v. ①把…放低；使…降下 •She lowered her newspaper and looked around.她放低报纸往四下看了看。 ②减少；缩小；降低 •He lowered his voice to a whisper.他压低了声音悄悄地说。 IDIOMS 习语 1.ˈlower yourself (by doing sth) 降低自己的身份；自贬人格 SYN demean •I wouldn't lower myself by working for him.我不会贬低自己的身份去为他工作。 21. cycle  /ˈsaɪkl/ n./v. n. ①自行车；摩托车 ②循环 •the cycle of the seasons四季的循环 ③整套，整个系列（如机器的运转） •eight cycles per second每秒转动八次 v. ①骑自行车；骑自行车旅行 •I usually cycle home through the park.我通常骑自行车穿过公园回家。 22. en·hance vt.  /ɪnˈhɑːns/ enhancement n. en·hanced adj. ①提高；增强；增进 23. boil  /bɔɪl/ v./n. ①（使）沸腾；煮沸；烧开 •The water was bubbling and boiling away.水在咕嘟咕嘟地沸腾着。 ②（把壶、锅等）里面的水烧开 •I'll boil the kettle and make some tea.我来烧壶开水泡点茶。 ③用沸水煮（或烫洗）；被煮（或烫洗） •boiled carrots/cabbage水煮胡萝卜╱卷心菜 ④怒火中烧；异常气愤 •He was boiling with rage.他怒不可遏。 PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词 1.ˌboil ˈdownˌboil sth←→ˈdown（使）煮浓，熬浓 2.ˌboil sth ˈdown (to sth)概括；归纳；压缩 •The original speech I had written got boiled down to about ten minutes. 我写的演讲原稿被压缩到了大约十分钟。 3.ˌboil ˈdown to sth(局势、问题等)归结为；基本问题是 •In the end, what it all boils down to is money, or the lack of it. 问题的症结是钱，或者说是缺钱。 4.ˌboil ˈover (1) (液体) 煮溢；潽出 (2) ( informal )怒火中烧；大怒 (3) (局势、情绪等) 恶化；爆发 •Racial tension finally boiled over in the inner city riots. 种族间的紧张状态最终演化成了市中心贫困区的暴乱。 5.ˌboil ˈup（局势、情绪等）进入危急关头，令人担忧 •I could feel anger boiling up inside me.我感到怒火中烧。 6.ˌboil sth←→ˈup把（液体或食物）烧开 n. ①沸腾；沸点 •Bring the soup to a boil .把汤煮开。 IDIOMS 习语 1.off the ˈboil不如以前 •The second series of the show really went off the boil.节目的续集的确逊色一些。 2.on the ˈboil十分活跃；如火如荼 •We have several projects all on the boil at once.我们热火朝天地同时上马了几个项目。 24. fry  /fraɪ/ ( fries fry·ing fried fried) ①油炸；油煎；油炒 •fried fish炸鱼 ②（被阳光）灼伤，晒伤 •You'll fry on the beach if you're not careful.若在海滩上不小心会被太阳灼伤的。 25. steak n.  /steɪk/ ①[ U/C]牛排 •fillet/rump/sirloin steak 里脊╱臀肉╱腰肉牛排 ②[ U/C]肉排；肉块 •pork steak猪排 ③[C] 鱼排；鱼块 •a cod steak鳕鱼排 26. im·press v .  /ɪmˈpres/ impressive adj. impression n. ①~ sb (with sth/sb) 使钦佩；使敬仰；给…留下深刻的好印象 •He impressed her with his sincerity.他的真诚打动了她。 •The Grand Canyon never fails to impress.大峡谷永远让人叹为观止。 ②~ sth on/upon sb( formal )使意识到（重要性或严重性等） •He impressed on us the need for immediate action.他让我们认识到立刻采取行动的必要。 ③~ sth/itself on/upon sth( formal )使铭记；给…留下深刻印象 •Her words impressed themselves on my memory.她的话语我铭记在心里。 27. scen·ery n.  /ˈsiːnəri/ [ U] ①风景；景色；风光 •The scenery is magnificent.景色壮丽。 •to enjoy the scenery欣赏风景 ②舞台布景 29. bet  /bet/ ( bet·ting bet bet) v./n. v. ①~ (sth) (on/against sth)下赌注（于）；用…打赌 ②敢说；八成儿 •I bet (that) we're too late.我们八成儿太晚了。 IDIOMS 习语 1.I/I'll bet! (1)（表示理解）有同感，当然 •‘I nearly died when he told me.’‘I bet!’ “他告诉我时，我差一点死掉了。”“肯定是这样！” (2)（表示不相信对方的话） •‘I'm going to tell her what I think of her.’‘Yeah, I bet!’ “我要告诉她我对她的看法。”“量你不敢！” 2.I wouldn't ˈbet on itdon't ˈbet on it不大可能 •‘She'll soon get used to the idea.’ ‘I wouldn't bet on it.’ “她很快就会接受这种看法的。”“很难说。” 3.ˌyou ˈbet!的确；当然 •‘Are you nervous?’ ‘You bet!’“你紧张吗？”“这还用说！” 4.you can bet your ˈlife/your bottom ˈdollar (on sth/(that)...)肯定；毫无疑问 •You can bet your bottom dollar that he'll be late.他肯定会迟到。 n. ①打赌；赌注 •to win/lose a bet 赢╱输一场赌 ②预计；估计 •My bet is that they've been held up in traffic.我估计他们是堵车了。 IDIOMS 习语 1.the/your best bet最好的办法 •If you want to get around London fast, the Underground is your best bet. 如果你想在伦敦快速出行，最好是乘地铁。 2.a ˌgood/ˌsafe ˈbet很可能发生的事；有望成功的事；合适的东西 •Clothes are a safe bet as a present for a teenager.衣服适合作为送给十几岁孩子的礼物。 30. at·mos·phere n.  /ˈætməsfɪə(r)/ ①the atmosphere[ sing.]（围绕地球的）大气，大气层，大气圈 •the upper atmosphere高层大气 •pollution of the atmosphere大气污染 ②[ C]（围绕其他天体的）气体 •Saturn's atmosphere土星的大气 ③[ C]（房间、封闭空间或某处的）空气 •a smoky/stuffy atmosphere 烟雾弥漫的╱闷热的空气 ④[ C/U]气氛；氛围 •a party atmosphere聚会的气氛 •The old house is full of atmosphere (= it's very interesting) .这座老房子情趣盎然。 31. ver·sion n.  /ˈvɜːʃn/ /‑ʒn/ ①变体；变种；型式 •the latest version of the software package软件包的最新版本 •the de luxe/luxury version 豪华型 ②（从不同角度的）说法，描述 •She gave us her version of what had happened that day. 她向我们描述了她认为那天发生的事情。 ③（电影、剧本、乐曲等的）版本，改编形式，改写本 •the film version of ‘War and Peace’根据《战争与和平》改编的电影 32. fill·ing  /ˈfɪlɪŋ/ n./adj. n. ①[ C]（补牙的）填料 •I had to have two fillings at the dentist's today.我今天不得不在牙科诊所补了两颗牙。 ②[ C/U]（糕点等的）馅 •a sponge cake with cream and jam filling奶油果酱作馅的海绵蛋糕 ③[ CU]soft material used to fill cushions , pillows , etc.（枕头、靠垫等的）填充物，填料 adj. ①(食物)能填饱肚子的 •This cake is very filling.这种饼很能填饱肚子。 33. eld·er·ly adj.  /ˈeldəli/ ①(人)年纪较大的，上了年纪的（婉辞，与old同义） •an elderly couple一对老年夫妇 •elderly relatives年老的亲戚 ②the elderly[ pl.]老人；上了年纪的人 34. bake v.  /beɪk/ bakery n. ①~ sth (for sb)~ (sb) sth（在烤炉里）烘烤；焙 •baked apples烤苹果 •I'm baking a birthday cake for Alex.我在给亚历克斯烤生日蛋糕。 ②（将某物）烤硬 •The bricks are left in the kiln to bake.砖坯放在窑里烧。 •The sun had baked the ground hard.太阳把地面晒硬了。 ③(变得）灼热，炎热 •We sat baking in the sun.我们坐在太阳底下晒得热死了。 35. ador·able adj.  /əˈdɔːrəbl/ adore v. adoration n. /ˌædəˈreɪʃn/热爱；爱慕；崇拜 ①可爱的；讨人喜爱的 36. mild adj. /maɪld/ ( mild·er mild·est) mild·ness[ U] n. ①温和的；和善的；不严厉的 •a mild form of the disease病势不重 •a mild punishment/criticism 轻微的责罚；和善的批评 ②(天气)温和的；和煦的 •the mildest winter since records began自有记载以来最温暖舒适的冬天 •a mild climate温和的气候 ③(情感)温和的；不强烈的；轻微的 •mild irritation/amusement/disapproval 几分恼怒╱喜悦╱不赞成 •She looked at him in mild surprise.她略带吃惊地看着他。 ④(人或其行为)和善的；随和的 •a mild woman, who never shouted从不大声叫喊的随和的女人 ⑤(味道) 不浓的；淡味的 •a mild curry淡味咖喱 •mild cheese淡味奶酪 37. bit·ter adj. /ˈbɪtə(r)/ bitterness n. ①(争论、分歧等)激烈而不愉快的；充满愤怒与仇恨的 •a long and bitter dispute漫长的激烈争论 ②(人)愤愤不平的 •She is very bitter about losing her job.她丢掉了工作，心里很不服气。 ③令人不快的；使人悲痛的；由痛苦引起的 •to weep/shed bitter tears 伤心落泪 •Losing the match was a bitter disappointment for the team. 输掉这场比赛对这个队来说是一件伤心失望的事。 •I've learnt from bitter experience not to trust what he says. 我已从痛苦的经验中得到了教训，不要相信他的话。 ④ (食物)味苦的 •Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth.清咖啡在嘴里留下苦味。 ⑤(天气)严寒的 •bitter cold严寒 bitter wind刺骨寒风 IDIOMS 习语 1.a bitter ˈpill (for sb) (to swallow)严酷的现实；（难以咽下的）苦果 2.to/until the bitter ˈend（不怕艰苦）坚持到底，奋斗到底 •They were prepared to fight to the bitter end for their rights. 他们甘愿为自己的权利斗争到底。 38. in·gre·di·ent n.  /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ ①成分；（尤指烹饪）原料 •Coconut is a basic ingredient for many curries.椰子是多种咖喱菜的基本成分。 ②（成功的）因素，要素 •the essential ingredients for success成功的基本要素 39. loose  /luːs/ ( loos·erl oos·est) adj./v./n. adj. ①未固定牢的；可分开的 •Check that the plug has not come loose .检查一下别让插头松脱了。 ②未系（或捆）在一起的；未固定的；零散的 •She usually wears her hair loose.她通常披散着头发。 ③不受约束；未束缚；自由 •The horse had broken loose (= escaped) from its tether.那匹马挣脱缰绳跑了。 ④宽松的 OPP tight •a loose shirt宽大的衬衣 ⑤疏松的；不结实的；不坚固的 •loose soil疏松的土壤 ⑥组织不严密的；未严加控制的 •a loose alliance/coalition/federation 松散的联盟╱同盟╱联邦 ⑦不精确的；不严谨的；不周密的 •a loose translation不准确的译文 •loose thinking不严密的思想 v. ①~ sth (on/upon sb/sth) 释放；放任；不受约束地表达 •His speech loosed a tide of nationalist sentiment. 他的讲话表露出一种强烈的民族主义情绪。 ②松开，放开（尤指束紧或紧握的东西） SYN loosen •He loosed the straps that bound her arms. 他松开了绑在她手臂上的带子。 n. IDIOMS 习语 1.on the ˈloose (人或动物)已逃出；自由 SYN at large •Three prisoners are still on the loose.有三名囚犯仍然在逃。 40. damp  /dæmp/ ( damp·er damp·est) n./adj. n. ①[ U] 潮湿；潮气；湿气；湿块 •The old house smells of damp.这老房子散发出一股潮气。 adj. ①潮湿的；微湿的；湿气重的 •The cottage was cold and damp.这小屋又冷又湿。 •Wipe the surface with a damp cloth.用湿布擦表面。 IDIOMS 习语 1.a damp ˈsquib哑炮；令人失望的事；令人扫兴的事 41. ex·pand v.  /ɪkˈspænd/ expansion n. ①扩大，增加，增强（尺码、数量或重要性） •Metals expand when they are heated.金属受热会膨胀。 ②扩展，发展（业务） •We've expanded the business by opening two more stores.我们增开两个商店以扩展业务。 ③ 细谈；详述；详细阐明 •I repeated the question and waited for her to expand.我把问题重复一遍，等着她详细回答。 PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词 1.exˈpand on/upon sth.详述；充分叙述；详细阐明 •Could you expand on that point, please?请你把这一点详细说明一下好吗？ 42. mul·tiple  /ˈmʌltɪpl/ [ only before noun] ①数量多的；多种多样的 •a multiple pile-up (= a crash involving many vehicles) 连环车祸 43. plain  /pleɪn/ ( plain·er plain·est) adj./n. plain·ness[ U]n. adj. ①清楚的；明显的；浅白的 SYN clear •He made it plain that we should leave.他明确表示要我们离开。 •The facts were plain to see .事实显而易见。 ②坦诚的；直率的；直接的 •The plain fact is that nobody really knows.事实很明显，没有人真正了解。 •a politician with a reputation for plain speaking 说话直率出了名的一个政治人物 ③不尚修饰的；朴素的；简单的 •a plain but elegant dress朴素淡雅的连衣裙 •plain food清淡的食物 ④ [ only before noun]极普通的；平庸的；平凡的 SYN everyday •You don't need any special skills for this job, just plain common sense. 这项工作不需要任何特殊技能，只要有普通常识就够了。 ⑤(尤指女人) not beautiful or attractive相貌平平的；无姿色的 IDIOMS 习语 1.be plain ˈsailing顺利；一帆风顺 2.in plain ˈEnglish用平白的言语（或文字） 3.(as) plain as a ˈpikestaff(as) plain as ˈday(as) plain as the nose on your ˈface 一清二楚；一目了然；显而易见 adj. ①平原 •the Great Plains北美洲大平原 44. slice  /slaɪs/ n./v. n. ①（切下的食物）薄片，片 •Cut the meat into thin slices.把肉切成薄片。 •It is one of the great unsolved mysteries of this century.这是本世纪未解开的大奥秘之一。 ②锅铲；（餐桌用）小铲 IDIOMS 习语 1.a ˌslice of ˈlife 反映现实生活的电影（或戏剧、书） v. ①~ sth (up) 把…切成（薄）片 •to slice (up) onions把洋葱切成片 •a sliced loaf切片面包 ②切；割；划 •He accidentally sliced through his finger.他不小心把指头割破了。 ③大幅度削减；大量降低 •The new tax has sliced annual bonuses by 30 percent.由于征收新税，年度红利减少了30%。 PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词 1.ˌslice sth←→ˈoff/aˈwayˌslice sth ˈoff sth切下；割下 •Slice a piece off.切下一片。 •He sliced two seconds off the world record.他把世界纪录缩短了两秒。 45. prop·erty n.  /ˈprɒpəti/ ( pl.-ies) ①[ U]所有物；财产；财物 •This building is government property.这座大楼是政府的财产。 ②[ U]不动产；房地产 •The price of property has risen enormously.房地产的价格大幅上升了。 ③[ C]房屋及院落；庄园；房地产 •There are a lot of empty properties in the area.这个地区有大量的闲置房地产。 ④[ Cusually pl.] ( formal )性质；特性 •Compare the physical properties of the two substances.比较一下这两种物质的物理特性。 •a plant with medicinal properties药用植物 46. ap·pro·pri·ate /əˈprəʊpriət/ adj./v. adj. ①~ (for/to sth)合适的；恰当的 OPP inappropriate •Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。 v. ①盗用；挪用；占用；侵吞 •He was accused of appropriating club funds.他被控盗用俱乐部资金。 ②~ sth (for sth)拨（专款等） •Five million dollars has been appropriated for research into the disease. 已拨款五百万元用于这种疾病的研究。 47. es·ti·mate /ˈestɪmət/ n./v. n. ①对数量、成本等的）估计；估价 •I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need. 我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量。 •At least 5 000 people were killed, and that's a conservative estimate. 至少5 000人丧生，这还是个保守的估计。 v. ①~ sth (at sth) 估价；估算 •Police estimate the crowd at 30 000.警方估计聚集的人有3万。 •It is estimated (that) the project will last four years.据估计，这项工程将持续四年。 48. con·sume v.  /kənˈsjuːm/ consumption n. consumer n. v. ①消耗，耗费（燃料、能量、时间等） •The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels. 电力工业消耗大量的矿物燃料。 ②吃；喝；饮 •Before he died he had consumed a large quantity of alcohol.他死亡前喝了大量的酒。 ③~ sb (with sth)使充满（强烈的感情） •Carolyn was consumed with guilt.卡罗琳深感内疚。 •Rage consumed him.他无比愤怒。 ④(火)烧毁；毁灭 •The hotel was quickly consumed by fire.那座旅馆很快被大火吞噬。 49. es·sen·tial  /ɪˈsenʃl/ adj./n. ①~ (to/for sth)~ (to do sth)~ (that...)完全必要的；必不可少的；极其重要的 SYN vital •an essential part/ingredient/component of sth某事物必不可少的一部分/成分/组成部分 •It is essential to keep the two groups separate.将这两组隔开是完全必要的。 •It is essential that you have some experience.你必须得有些经验。 ②[ only before noun]本质的；基本的；根本的 SYN fundamental •The essential difference between Sara and me is in our attitude to money. 我与萨拉的根本区别在于我们对金钱的态度。 n. ①必不可少的东西；必需品 •I only had time to pack the bare essentials (= the most necessary things) . 我只来得及装上最基本的用品。 ②要点；要素；实质 •the essentials of English grammar英语语法基础 50. in·nov·ation n.  /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ innovative adj. innovate v. ①[ U]（新事物、思想或方法的）创造；创新；改革 •an age of technological innovation技术革新的时代 ②[ C]新思想；新方法 •recent innovations in steel-making technology新近的炼钢技术革新 51. con·cept n.  /ˈkɒnsept/ conceptual adj.  conception n. 构想；理解；怀孕 ①~ (of sth)~ (that...) 概念；观念 •the concept of social class社会等级的概念 52. em·phasis n.  /ˈemfəsɪs/ ( pl. em·phases/‑siːz/) emphasize v. ①~ (on/upon sth)强调；重视；重要性 SYN stress •to put/lay/place emphasis on sth强调╱重视某事 ②（对某个词或短语的）强调，加重语气，重读 SYN stress 53. ap·pe·tite n.  /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ ①[ U][ Cusually sing.]食欲；胃口 •He suffered from headaches and loss of appetite .他患有头痛和食欲不振。 •Don't spoil your appetite by eating between meals.不要在两餐之间吃东西，以免影响胃口。 ②[ C]~ (for sth)强烈欲望 •The preview was intended to whet your appetite .预告是为了吊胃口。 54. steam  /stiːm/ [ U] n./v. ①水蒸气；蒸汽 •Steam rose from the boiling kettle.壶里的水开了，冒着蒸汽。 ②蒸汽动力 •a steam train/engine 蒸汽火车╱机 ③ 水汽 •She wiped the steam from her glasses.她擦去眼镜上的水汽。 IDIOMS 习语 1. full speed/steam aˈhead全速前进；全力 2.ˌget up/ˌpick up ˈsteam (1)声势逐渐强大；渐成气候；慢慢活跃起来 •His election campaign is beginning to get up steam.他的竞选活动逐渐形成声势。 (2) (车辆)逐渐提速 3.ˌlet off ˈsteam发泄怒气；宣泄感情 4.ˌrun out of ˈsteam筋疲力尽；丧失热情 5.get, etc. somewhere under your own ˈsteam靠自己的力量去某处 v. ①蒸发；散发蒸汽；冒水汽 •a mug of steaming hot coffee一大杯热气腾腾的咖啡 ②蒸（食物） •steamed fish蒸鱼 ③ [ V+ adv./prep.] (船舶等)依靠蒸汽动力行驶 •The boat steamed across the lake.汽船从湖上驶过。 ④[ V+ adv./prep.] (尤指人)快速行走；疾行 •He spotted her steaming down the corridor towards him.他看见她沿着走廊向他疾步走来。 IDIOMS 习语 1.be/get (all) steamed ˈup (about/over sth)（变得）非常气愤，非常激动 55. wrap·per n. /ˈræpə(r)/ wrap v. ①（食品等的）包装材料，包装纸，包装塑料 •sweet wrappers糖果包装纸 •candy wrappers糖果包装纸 56. mix·ture n.  /ˈmɪkstʃə(r)/ mix v. ①[ Cusually sing.]混合；结合体 •The city is a mixture of old and new buildings.这座城市是新老建筑兼而有之。 •We listened to the news with a mixture of surprise and horror. 我们怀着惊恐交加的心情收听了这则消息。 ②[ C/U]混合物 •Add the eggs to the mixture and beat well.将鸡蛋加进混合料中，搅拌均匀。 ③ [ C](术语)混合物；集合体 ④ [ U]混合 57. edge  /edʒ/ n./v. n. ①[ C]边；边缘；边线；边沿 •He stood on the edge of the cliff.他站在悬崖边上。 ②[ C]刀口；刀刃；利刃 •Be careful—it has a sharp edge.小心点—这刀刃很锋利。 ③(尤指灾难的）边缘 •They had brought the country to the edge of disaster.他们使国家濒临灾难。 ④[ sing.]~ (on/over sb/sth)（微弱的）优势 ••They have the edge on us.他们略胜我们一筹。 IDIOMS 习语 1.be on ˈedge紧张不安；激动；烦躁 2.on the edge of your ˈseat异常兴奋；极为激动；有浓厚兴趣 •The game had the crowd on the edge of their seats.这场比赛使观众兴奋不已。 3.take the ˈedge off sth减弱；使变钝；挫伤…的锐气 •The sandwich took the edge off my appetite.这份三明治使我食欲大减。 v. ①（使）徐徐移动，渐渐移动 •She edged a little closer to me.她慢慢地向我靠近了一些。 ②略为增加（或减少） •Prices edged up 2% in the year to December.到12月为止的年度价格上涨了2%。 PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词 1.ˌedge sb/sth←→ˈout (of sth)逐渐将…排挤出 •She was edged out of the company by the new director. 新上任的经理一步步把她排挤出了公司。 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$