Unit 2 Getting along 语法Grammar 现在完成时（2）-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册单元语法精讲精练（外研版2024）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 2 Getting along 现在完成时(2) （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 现在完成时可表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在、并且有可能还会持续下去的动作或状态，此时态常与for/since… 等时间状语连用。 (1) since可作介词和连词用，意为“自从……以来，自从……以后”，用于现在完成时，主要有以下三种情况： ①since＋过去的时间点 He has been ill since last Monday. 他上周一开始就已经病了。 ②since＋时间段＋ago I have lived here since ten years ago. 自从十年前我就住在这儿了。 ③since＋从句（一般过去时） I have lived here since I moved here. 自从我搬到这儿，我就一直住在这里。 (2) for是介词，for+一段时间。后面跟表示时间段的短语，表示动作延续多长时间，可以用于现在完成时。 We have learned English for about ten years. 我们学英语大约有十年了。 为了表述短暂性动词的意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词来替代它们。 1.英语中的动词，根据所表示的动作是否能够延续，分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。 · 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的延续性动词有: work, live, wait, study, learn, do, write, read, drive, sleep, sit, stand, fly, walk, keep, lie, talk 等。 · 非延续性动词也被称作结束性动词、短暂性动词或瞬间动词，表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。常见的非延续性动词有: start, begin, finish, end, come,go, leave, find, hear, reach, arrive, enter, stop, open, close, join, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, lose, die等。 2. 短暂性动词构成的现在完成时，只表示动作发生的因果关系，不能表示动作的延续，所以不可以由表示一段时间的状语（如：since和for引导的短语）来修饰。 第一句中的leave(has left)是短暂性动词，它所表示的动作短促，不可能延续两天；第二句中的be(has been)是延续性动词，所以可以和two days连用。 He has left Beijing for a week. (×) He has been away from Beijing for a week. (√) 3. 同义句转化 ①现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，而与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。 我离开家乡已有10年了。 误：I have left my hometown for 10 years. 正：I have been away from my hometown for 10 years. ②在否定句中，终止性动词可与一段时间连用。 ③终止性动词与一段时间状语连用时可将终止性动词转化为延续性动词：如come—be here；go—be there; die--be dead; borrow--keep; buy--have; join--be in(be a member);leave--be away等。 begin/start→be on become→ be buy→have borrow→keep come here→be here come back→ be back come →be here go there→be there go →be there catch a cold→have a cold leave→be away feel ill→be ill finish→be over, fall asleep→ be asleep put on→ wear die→be dead join→be in/be a member of go (get) out →be out get to know→ know get up→be up get to/ arrive/reach→be (in) leave→ be away from move to→live in open sth.→keep sth. open 1、 单项选择(本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分) 1．—________ have you ________ the bike, Tom? —For three days. My parents bought it as my birthday gift. A．How soon; bought B．How soon; had C．How long; had D．How long; bought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你拥有这辆自行车多久了？——三天了。我父母买它作为我的生日礼物。 考查疑问词组和动词辨析。How soon多久以后；How long多长时间；bought是buy的过去分词，为短暂性动词；had是have的过去分词，为延续性动词。根据“—…have you…the bike, Tom? —For three days.”可知，这里需要一个表示时间段的疑问词组和一个可延续的动词，How long用于询问时长，had是延续性动词，符合语境，说明询问拥有自行车的时间长度。故选C。 2．“I ________ Wuxi three times and have deeply fallen in love with it,” said my online friend Jack. A．have been to B．have gone to C．have left for D．have arrived in 【答案】A 【详解】意：“我已经去过无锡三次，并深深爱上了它，”我的网友杰克说。 考查现在完成时用法及动词短语辨析。have been to表示“曾经去过某地（现已回来）”；have gone to表示“已经去了某地（未回来）”；have left for表示“已出发去某地”；have arrived in表示“已到达某地”。根据“three times”可知，去过无锡三次，并且已经不在无锡了。故选A。 3．—How long has your mother had the beautiful tea set? —She’s had it ________ we moved to Xichang three years ago. A．for B．since C．until 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你妈妈拥有这套漂亮的茶具多久了？——自从三年前我们搬到西昌，她就有了。 考查从属连词辨析。for后接一段时间，与现在完成时连用；since自从，后接时间点或句子；until直到。根据空后的“we moved to Xichang three years ago.”可知，此处表示 “自从三年前我们搬到西昌”，应该用since引导时间状语从句，后接一般过去时。故选B。 4．— How long ________ you ________ this book? — For about one week. I ________ it from the library last Tuesday. A．have; kept; borrowed B．have; borrowed; kept C．do; keep; have borrowed D．will; keep; have borrowed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这本书你借了多长时间？——大概一周了，上个星期二我从图书馆借的。 考查动词时态。根据“For about one week”可知，问句是现在完成时，borrow“借”，非延续动词，不能和表示一段的时间连用，需要把它转化keep；根据“last Tuesday”可知，第二个空用一般过去时，故选A。 5．—Where is Mr. Smith? —He ________ Guangzhou. He ________ there for a week. A．has gone to; has been in B．has been to; has gone C．has gone to; has been D．has been in; has gone to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——史密斯先生在哪里？——他去广州了。他在那里待了一个星期。 考查现在完成时及短语辨析。has gone to表示“去了某地（还未回来）”；has been to表示“去过某地（已回来）”；has been in表示“在某地（后接地点）”；has been表示“在某地（后接副词there/here等）”。第一空根据“Where is Mr. Smith?”可知，史密斯先生去了广州还没回来，用has gone to；第二空后是副词there，用has been，故选C。 6．Steve ________ three short stories since he joined the writing club last year. A．writes B．wrote C．has written D．was writing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从去年加入写作俱乐部以来，史蒂夫已经写了三篇短篇小说。 考查动词的时态。根据“since he joined the writing club last year”可知，此处是现在完成时，其结构是have/has done。故选C。 7．—Nick, you come here so late. The concert ________ since half an hour ago! —What a pity! No wonder all the singers have left. A．has ended B．has been over C．has started D．has been on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——尼克，你来得太晚了。音乐会已经结束半小时了！——太遗憾了！难怪所有歌手都离开了。 考查现在完成时及动词延续性辨析。根据“since half an hour ago”及“No wonder all the singers have left”可知，歌手都离开了，音乐会已经结束了，应选用延续性状态表达“结束”。“has been over”中，over为形容词，“be over”表示状态延续，可与时间段连用，故选B。 8．The old man _______ for ten years. A．died B．has died C．has been dead D．has been died 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位老人已经去世十年了。 考查动词时态。根据“for ten years”可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，排除A；die是短暂性动词，不能与延续性时间连用，要转化为延续性动词“be dead”；主语“The old man” 是第三人称单数，助动词应用has，即has been dead。故选C。 9．—I can’t believe the young couple ________ that European country. —But it’s quite true. They came back last week and chatted with me about their stories. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have arrived in D．have been in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我真不敢相信那对年轻夫妇去过那个欧洲国家。——但这是真的。他们上周回来和我聊了聊他们的故事。 考查动词时态。have gone to到某地去了，还没有回来；have been to去过某地，已经回来了；have arrived in到达；have been in在某地。根据“I can’t believe the young couple …that European country.”及“They came back last week and chatted with me about their stories.”可知，此处表示那对年轻夫妇去过那个欧洲国家，并且已经回来了。故选B。 10．—How long ________ you ________ this book? —For two weeks. A．do; buy B．have; kept C．will; lend 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你保存这本书多久了？——两周。 考查时态，根据“For two weeks”可知，句子是现在完成时，且谓语动词必须是延续性动词，故选B。 11．—I ________ my home since ten years ago. —That’s really a long time. A．left B．have left C．have been away from 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——十年前我就离开家了。 ——这真的是一段很长的时间。 考查动词时态。left离开，一般过去时；have left已经离开，现在完成时，非延续性动词，不能跟一段时间状语（否定句除外）；have been away from已经离开，现在完成时，是系表结构，表示状态，可以跟一段时间状语连用。根据“since ten years ago”以及选项可知，应选have been away from，表示离开家这一状态已经延续了十年。故选C。 12．My sister has been interested in painting ________ she was 3 years old. A．although B．because C．when D．since 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我妹妹从她3岁起就对绘画感兴趣了。   考查连词辨析。although虽然；because因为；when当……时候；since自从。根据“My sister has been interested in painting”可知，句子使用了现在完成时，表示从过去某一时间点开始持续到现在的状态。“she was 3 years old”表示时间的起点，因此应选since，表示“自从她3岁起”。故选D。 13．The Gumokou museum ________ last week, and thousands of students ________ it already. A．opened; visited B．has opened; have visited C．opened; have visited D．has opened; visited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：古莫库博物馆上周刚刚开放，已经有成千上万的学生前来参观了。 考查动词时态。根据last week可知，前半句用一般过去时。根据already可知，后半句用现在完成时have done的结构，故选C。 14．I ________ my homework yet. I still need one more hour. A．won’t finish B．didn’t finish C．haven’t finished D．hadn’t finished 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我还没有完成作业。我还需要一个小时。 考查时态。根据“yet”和“I still need one more hour.”可知，现在还没有完成作业，此处用现在完成时。故选C。 15．—I ________ China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu. —You really need to have a try. It must be a fantastic experience. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have been in D．have arrived in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我在中国已经三个月了，这是我第一次尝试汉服。——你真的需要试试。这一定是一次很棒的经历。 考查现在完成时。have gone to去了某地；have been to去过某地；have been in待在某地；have arrived in到达某地，不与时间段连用。根据“for three months”是一段时间可知，此处指在中国待了三个月，用have been in。故选C。 16．Most people agree that smart technology ________ a big part of society so far. A．become B．became C．has become D．is becoming 【答案】C 【详解】句意：大多数人都认为到目前为止，智能技术已经成为社会的重要组成部分。 考查时态。根据“so far”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 17．—The life we were used to ______ greatly since 1992. —That’s true. It is changing for the better at all times. A．has changed B．changing C．change D．is changed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们曾经习惯的生活自1992年以来已经发生了极大的变化。——确实如此。它一直在朝着更好的方向变化。 考查现在完成时。根据空处下文“since 1992.”可知，该短语是现在完成时（have/has+过去分词）的标志性时间状语，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。“change”的过去分词形式是“changed”，主语“the life”是单数，用“has changed”。故选A。 18．In the past ten years, the scientists _________ an effective way to save energy. A．discovered B．were discovered C．had discovered D．have discovered 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去十年，科学家已经发现了一种有效的节能方法。 考查现在完成时态。根据“In the past ten years,”可知，此处用现在完成时态。故选D。 19．Helen loves to talk about travel. She ________ many places. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has gone for D．has been from 【答案】B 【详解】句意：海伦喜欢谈论旅游。她去过许多的地方。 考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地(还没回来)；has been to去过某地(已经回来)；has gone for搭配错误；has been from搭配错误。根据“Helen loves to talk about travel.”可知，海伦去过很多地方。故选B。 20．The number of blue whales ________ sharply in the past 10 years. A．is dropping B．dropped C．drops D．has dropped 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去的10年里，蓝鲸的数量急剧下降。 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“in the past 10 years”可知是现在完成时have/has done，表示从过去持续到现在的动作。故选D。 21．Up to now, AI ______ the traditional classroom model more interesting. A．is making B．makes C．has made D．made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到目前为止，人工智能使传统的课堂模式变得更加有趣。 考查时态。根据“Up to now”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 22．— Betty, are you ready for the party? Your friends are coming soon. — Yes, I ______ everything for it. A．prepare B．prepared C．have prepared D．will prepare 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Betty，你准备好派对了吗？你的朋友们马上就到。——是的，一切我都已经准备好了。 考查句子时态。prepare准备，一般现在时；prepared过去式，一般过去时；have prepared现在完成时；will prepare一般将来时。根据“are you ready for the party?”和“Yes, I ...everything for it”可知，Betty一切已经准备就绪，意味着准备动作是过去发生的，但对现在结果有影响。故选C。 23．—Nearly four years ______ since we became middle school students. —Yes, I think we will remember those who helped and supported us forever. A．has past B．passed C．has passed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——自从我们成为中学生以来，已经过去将近四年了。——是的，我认为我们会永远记住那些帮助和支持过我们的人。 考查现在完成时和动词辨析。时间状语“since we became…”表明主句需用现在完成时（has/have + 过去分词），排除B项（一般过去时）。A项“has past”中“past”为名词/形容词，不能作动词；C项“has passed”中“passed”是动词过去分词。故选C。 24．The little boy ________ Beijing Opera since he was five. A．has learned B．learns C．will learn D．is learning 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个小男孩从五岁起就开始学习京剧。 考查现在完成时。has learned学习，现在完成时；learns学习，一般现在时；will learn学习，一般将来时；is learning学习，现在进行时。根据“since he was five”可知，此处表示从过去持续到现在的动作，需用现在完成时。故选A。 25．—Several new pocket parks ________ in Qinhuai over the years. —Great! Let’s take a walk there. A．open B．opened C．were open D．have been open 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——近些年，几个新的袖珍公园在秦淮开放了。。——太好了！让我们去那走一走。 考查时态。根据“over the years”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，且动作应是延续性动作，因此用have been open。故选D。 26．In the past thirty years, China ________ great progress in science and technology. A．make B．made C．has made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的三十年里，中国在科学技术方面取得了巨大进步。 考查动词时态。根据“In the past thirty years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，其结构为has/have done，主语为China，助动词用has，故选C。 27．A popular dance “Subject Three” ______ people’s attention widely in the last few months. A．draws B．drew C．will draw D．has drawn 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去的几个月里，流行舞蹈《科目三》引起了人们的广泛关注。 考查现在完成时。根据“in the last few months”可知，此句应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”。故选D。 28．Jimmy ________ Alice in 1998, and they ________ for over 20 years. A．got married with; have married B．got married to; have married C．married; have been married D．got married; have been married 【答案】C 【详解】句意：吉米1998年与爱丽丝结婚，他们结婚已超过20年。 考查动词时态和固定搭配。“与某人结婚”常见表达有marry sb./get married to sb，所以第一空“在1998年结婚”，用一般过去时，可填married或got married to；第二空“for over 20 years”表示一段时间，需要用延续性动词，be married表示状态可延续，所以用现在完成时have been married。故选C。 29．Mr White came to China in 2008, and since then he ________ English in our school. A．teaches B．taught C．has taught D．have taught 【答案】C 【详解】句意：怀特先生于2008年来到中国，从那时起，他就在我们学校教英语。 考查时态及主谓一致。根据“since then”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为“he”，用三单形式，C项符合。故选C。 30．Great changes ________ in China in the past five years. A．take place B．had taken place C．have taken place D．took place 【答案】C 【详解】句意：过去五年中国发生了巨大变化。 考查现在完成时用法。根据时间状语“in the past five years”可知，动作从过去持续到现在并强调影响，需用现在完成时“have taken place”（强调已完成且与现在相关）。故选C。 二、单词拼写(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 31．The astronaut is so tired that he (asleep) for five hours. 【答案】has been asleep 【详解】句意：宇航员太累了，已经睡了五个小时了。根据“for five hours”可知，此处应用现在完成时have/has done的结构，主语he是第三人称，助动词用has，且for+一段时间要与持续性动词一起连用，be asleep“睡着了”，是持续性的动词，故填has been asleep。 32．The dog (die) for hours because of the cold weather. 【答案】has been dead 【详解】句意：那条狗因为寒冷的天气死了几个小时了。和一段时间连用，动词用延续性状态的词，die对应的延续性状态是be dead. for+一段时间，是现在完成时的标志词。故填has been dead 33．My parents   (marry)for 20 years. 【答案】have been married 【详解】句意：我的父母结婚20年了。marry结婚，是一个动词。由句意和句中的“for 20 years”可知，此句应用现在完成时，且应使用延续性动词。marry为非延续性动词，应用be married对其进行替代。故答案为have been married。 34．I (buy) the dictionary for two years. 【答案】have had 【详解】句意：这本字典我已经买了两年了。根据“for two years”可知，本题使用现在完成时态，与一段时间连用时，谓语动词应具有延续性。现在完成时结构：have/has+动词的过去分词； buy“买”，短暂性动词；在本句中可改为延续性动词have“拥有”，过去分词为had。故填have had。 35．The bookshop (open) since last year. 【答案】has been open 【详解】句意：这家书店从去年开始营业。根据“since last year”可知，时态用现在完成时have/has done，且动词用延续性动词，open是短暂性动词，其对应的延续性动词为be open。主语是三单，助动词用has。故填has been open。 36．—Is the baby still asleep in bed? —No. He (wake) for a while. 【答案】has been awake 【详解】句意：——婴儿还在床上睡觉吗？——没有。他醒了一段时间了。根据“for a while”可知，此句时态为现在完成时，且谓语动词为延续性动词，wake的延续性动词为be awake；主语“he”为第三人称单数，谓语结构为has done。故填has been awake。 37．Jim (leave) from his hometown for three months. 【答案】has been away 【详解】句意：吉姆已经离开家乡三个月了。根据“for three months”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，且表示延续性的含义，have been away“已经离开”符合；根据主语为第三人称单数的“Jim”可知，此处应用动词的三单形式。故填has been away。 38．—Mike, why do you come here so late? The concert (finish) since half an hour ago. —What a pity! No wonder all the singers have left. 【答案】has been over 【详解】句意：——迈克，你为什么来得这么晚？音乐会半小时前就结束了。——真遗憾！难怪所有的歌手都走了。finish“完成”，结合“since half an hour ago”可知，本句是现在完成时，谓语动词和一段时间连用，需要用对应的延续性动词be over，主语是三单，助动词用has。故填has been over。 39．He (live) here for more than twenty years. 【答案】has lived 【详解】句意：他已经在这里住了二十多年了。根据 “for more than twenty years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”，主语“He”是第三人称单数，故填has lived。 40．Mr. Nima (teach) in the school for ten years. 【答案】has taught 【详解】句意：尼玛老师已经在学校教了10年了。根据“Mr. Nima… in the school for ten years.”和提示词可知，本句是现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词，主语是第三人称单数Mr. Nima，应用has，teach的过去分词为taught。故填has taught。 41．The number of tourists (rise) recently because of the cherry blossom festival. 【答案】has risen/has been rising 【详解】句意：由于樱花节，最近游客的数量已经上升了。“the number of+名词复数”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。根据“recently”可知，句子要用现在完成时，主语“the number of tourists”是单数，所以用has，rise的过去分词是risen。has risen在句中作谓语，表示动作从过去持续到现在。也可以用现在完成进行时，同样强调从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且有可能继续持续下去。用“has been rising”，句意就变为“由于樱花节，最近游客数量一直在上升” ，更突出数量上升这个动作的持续性。故填has risen/has been rising。 42．Daniel (travel) to a lot of places before, but Wuxi interests him most. 【答案】has traveled/has travelled 【详解】句意：丹尼尔之前去过很多地方旅行，但无锡最让他感兴趣。根据“before”可知，这里表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语“Daniel”是第三人称单数，助动词用“has”，“travel”的过去分词是“traveled”或“travelled”。故填has traveled/has travelled。 43．You (grow) up since the last time I saw you. 【答案】have grown 【详解】句意：自从上次见到你以来，你长大了。句中“since”意为“自从”，表示动作从过去持续到现在，主句应用现在完成时，其构成为“have/has done”，主语“You”不是第三人称单数，用have构成时态。故填have grown。 44．I am so happy that my parents (invite) all my friends to the party already. 【答案】have invited 【详解】句意：我很高兴我的父母已经邀请了我所有的朋友来参加聚会。根据“already”以及语境可知，动作已经完成，应使用现在完成时“have/has+过去分词”，主语“my parents”是复数，因此助动词用“have”，动词“invite”的过去分词为“invited”。故填have invited。 45．We (plan) to visit the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, but the weather stopped us. 【答案】had planned 【详解】句意：我们原计划去参观意大利的比萨斜塔，但天气使我们不能去。句子描述的是过去计划做某事但被天气阻止。由于“计划（plan）”发生在“阻止（stopped）”这一过去动作之前，需用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，其构成为had+过去分词。故填had planned。 46．—Did you see the film yesterday? —Yes. I (see) it twice recently. 【答案】have seen 【详解】句意：——你昨天看这部电影了吗？——是的。我最近已经看过两次了。根据“it twice recently.”可知，该句是现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”，主语是“I”，助动词用have，动词填过去分词seen。故填have seen。 47．I (be) to New York three times so far. 【答案】have been 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我去过纽约三次。根据“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语为I，助动词用have，be的过去分词为been。故填have been。 48．—Have you got presents ready for Mom’s birthday? —Oh no, I have (forget) all about it. 【答案】forgotten 【详解】句意：—— 你为妈妈的生日准备好礼物了吗？—— 哦，不，我完全忘了这件事。根据“I have…all about it.”可知，时态为现在完成时，因此此处应用forget的过去分词forgotten。故填forgotten。 49．—Can I use your computer to search for information? —Go ahead. The engineer (repair) it. 【答案】has repaired 【详解】句意：——我可以用你的电脑查资料吗？——用吧。工程师已经修好了。根据答语“Go ahead”可知这里说的是已经修好了电脑，所以时态应该用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语是The engineer，单数形式，所以助动词用has，故填has repaired。 50．So far, he (own) nearly 700 thousand followers on YouTube. 【答案】has owned 【详解】句意：到目前为止，他在YouTube上有近70万个粉丝。So far“到目前为止”，用于现在完成时，主语“he”是单数，助动词用has，own的过去分词为owned。故填has owned。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 2 Getting along 现在完成时(2) （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 现在完成时可表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在、并且有可能还会持续下去的动作或状态，此时态常与for/since… 等时间状语连用。 (1) since可作介词和连词用，意为“自从……以来，自从……以后”，用于现在完成时，主要有以下三种情况： ①since＋过去的时间点 He has been ill since last Monday. 他上周一开始就已经病了。 ②since＋时间段＋ago I have lived here since ten years ago. 自从十年前我就住在这儿了。 ③since＋从句（一般过去时） I have lived here since I moved here. 自从我搬到这儿，我就一直住在这里。 (2) for是介词，for+一段时间。后面跟表示时间段的短语，表示动作延续多长时间，可以用于现在完成时。 We have learned English for about ten years. 我们学英语大约有十年了。 为了表述短暂性动词的意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词来替代它们。 1.英语中的动词，根据所表示的动作是否能够延续，分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。 · 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的延续性动词有: work, live, wait, study, learn, do, write, read, drive, sleep, sit, stand, fly, walk, keep, lie, talk 等。 · 非延续性动词也被称作结束性动词、短暂性动词或瞬间动词，表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。常见的非延续性动词有: start, begin, finish, end, come,go, leave, find, hear, reach, arrive, enter, stop, open, close, join, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, lose, die等。 2. 短暂性动词构成的现在完成时，只表示动作发生的因果关系，不能表示动作的延续，所以不可以由表示一段时间的状语（如：since和for引导的短语）来修饰。 第一句中的leave(has left)是短暂性动词，它所表示的动作短促，不可能延续两天；第二句中的be(has been)是延续性动词，所以可以和two days连用。 He has left Beijing for a week. (×) He has been away from Beijing for a week. (√) 3. 同义句转化 ①现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，而与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。 我离开家乡已有10年了。 误：I have left my hometown for 10 years. 正：I have been away from my hometown for 10 years. ②在否定句中，终止性动词可与一段时间连用。 ③终止性动词与一段时间状语连用时可将终止性动词转化为延续性动词：如come—be here；go—be there; die--be dead; borrow--keep; buy--have; join--be in(be a member);leave--be away等。 begin/start→be on become→ be buy→have borrow→keep come here→be here come back→ be back come →be here go there→be there go →be there catch a cold→have a cold leave→be away feel ill→be ill finish→be over, fall asleep→ be asleep put on→ wear die→be dead join→be in/be a member of go (get) out →be out get to know→ know get up→be up get to/ arrive/reach→be (in) leave→ be away from move to→live in open sth.→keep sth. open 1、 单项选择(本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分) 1．—________ have you ________ the bike, Tom? —For three days. My parents bought it as my birthday gift. A．How soon; bought B．How soon; had C．How long; had D．How long; bought 2．“I ________ Wuxi three times and have deeply fallen in love with it,” said my online friend Jack. A．have been to B．have gone to C．have left for D．have arrived in 3．—How long has your mother had the beautiful tea set? —She’s had it ________ we moved to Xichang three years ago. A．for B．since C．until 4．— How long ________ you ________ this book? — For about one week. I ________ it from the library last Tuesday. A．have; kept; borrowed B．have; borrowed; kept C．do; keep; have borrowed D．will; keep; have borrowed 5．—Where is Mr. Smith? —He ________ Guangzhou. He ________ there for a week. A．has gone to; has been in B．has been to; has gone C．has gone to; has been D．has been in; has gone to 6．Steve ________ three short stories since he joined the writing club last year. A．writes B．wrote C．has written D．was writing 7．—Nick, you come here so late. The concert ________ since half an hour ago! —What a pity! No wonder all the singers have left. A．has ended B．has been over C．has started D．has been on 8．The old man _______ for ten years. A．died B．has died C．has been dead D．has been died 9．—I can’t believe the young couple ________ that European country. —But it’s quite true. They came back last week and chatted with me about their stories. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have arrived in D．have been in 10．—How long ________ you ________ this book? —For two weeks. A．do; buy B．have; kept C．will; lend 11．—I ________ my home since ten years ago. —That’s really a long time. A．left B．have left C．have been away from 12．My sister has been interested in painting ________ she was 3 years old. A．although B．because C．when D．since 13．The Gumokou museum ________ last week, and thousands of students ________ it already. A．opened; visited B．has opened; have visited C．opened; have visited D．has opened; visited 14．I ________ my homework yet. I still need one more hour. A．won’t finish B．didn’t finish C．haven’t finished D．hadn’t finished 15．—I ________ China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu. —You really need to have a try. It must be a fantastic experience. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have been in D．have arrived in 16．Most people agree that smart technology ________ a big part of society so far. A．become B．became C．has become D．is becoming 17．—The life we were used to ______ greatly since 1992. —That’s true. It is changing for the better at all times. A．has changed B．changing C．change D．is changed 18．In the past ten years, the scientists _________ an effective way to save energy. A．discovered B．were discovered C．had discovered D．have discovered 19．Helen loves to talk about travel. She ________ many places. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has gone for D．has been from 20．The number of blue whales ________ sharply in the past 10 years. A．is dropping B．dropped C．drops D．has dropped 21．Up to now, AI ______ the traditional classroom model more interesting. A．is making B．makes C．has made D．made 22．— Betty, are you ready for the party? Your friends are coming soon. — Yes, I ______ everything for it. A．prepare B．prepared C．have prepared D．will prepare 23．—Nearly four years ______ since we became middle school students. —Yes, I think we will remember those who helped and supported us forever. A．has past B．passed C．has passed 24．The little boy ________ Beijing Opera since he was five. A．has learned B．learns C．will learn D．is learning 25．—Several new pocket parks ________ in Qinhuai over the years. —Great! Let’s take a walk there. A．open B．opened C．were open D．have been open 26．In the past thirty years, China ________ great progress in science and technology. A．make B．made C．has made 27．A popular dance “Subject Three” ______ people’s attention widely in the last few months. A．draws B．drew C．will draw D．has drawn 28．Jimmy ________ Alice in 1998, and they ________ for over 20 years. A．got married with; have married B．got married to; have married C．married; have been married D．got married; have been married 29．Mr White came to China in 2008, and since then he ________ English in our school. A．teaches B．taught C．has taught D．have taught 30．Great changes ________ in China in the past five years. A．take place B．had taken place C．have taken place D．took place 二、单词拼写(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 31．The astronaut is so tired that he (asleep) for five hours. 32．The dog (die) for hours because of the cold weather. 33．My parents   (marry)for 20 years. 34．I (buy) the dictionary for two years. 35．The bookshop (open) since last year. 36．—Is the baby still asleep in bed? —No. He (wake) for a while. 37．Jim (leave) from his hometown for three months. 38．—Mike, why do you come here so late? The concert (finish) since half an hour ago. —What a pity! No wonder all the singers have left. 39．He (live) here for more than twenty years. 40．Mr. Nima (teach) in the school for ten years. 41．The number of tourists (rise) recently because of the cherry blossom festival. 42．Daniel (travel) to a lot of places before, but Wuxi interests him most. 43．You (grow) up since the last time I saw you. 44．I am so happy that my parents (invite) all my friends to the party already. 45．We (plan) to visit the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, but the weather stopped us. 46．—Did you see the film yesterday? —Yes. I (see) it twice recently. 47．I (be) to New York three times so far. 48．—Have you got presents ready for Mom’s birthday? —Oh no, I have (forget) all about it. 49．—Can I use your computer to search for information? —Go ahead. The engineer (repair) it. 50．So far, he (own) nearly 700 thousand followers on YouTube. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$