Unit 2 Amazing numbers（重难词汇精练）英语沪教版2024八年级上册

Unit 2 Amazing numbers 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 （尤指乘飞机的）航程 百分之…… 日程安排 目前；当前 到处；各个地方 检查；核查 向（某人）挑战 预算 奖赏；奖励 省 承诺；保证 急剧地；突然大幅度地 国际象棋棋盘 计算（或清点）总数 银 系统 回复；答复 符号；记号 犹豫 代表 想知道；琢磨 准确地；确切地 同意；赞成 短语 航班时刻表 上升 价格标签 下降 片刻；一会儿 写下；记下 毫不犹豫 代替；作为……的替换 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. hesitation n. →_________ v. (对某事) 犹豫，迟疑不决 2. agree v.→_________n. (意见或看法) 一致 →_________ v. 不同意；持不同意见；有分歧 →_________ n. 意见不一；分歧；争论 3. currently adv.→_________adj. 现时发生的；当前的；现在的 4. sharply adv. →_________ adj. (变化) 急剧的，骤然的；锋利的 5.count v.→_________ adj.可数的→_________adj.不可数的→_________ adj. 无数的；数不清的 →_________ n. 柜台；计数器  6. exactly adv.→_________ adj. 精确的；准确的 词汇语境练-句子 三、单项选择 1．Finding information is not hard today, but the ________is how we can tell whether the information is true or not. A．courage B．message C．challenge D．knowledge 2．—Sorry, sir. I won’t break the rules again. —If you make a ______, you must keep your word, kid. A．program B．promise C．prediction 3．It’s surprising that only ________ of news online ________true. A．twenty percent, is B．twenty percents, are C．twenty percent, are D．twenty percents, is 4．—The movie The Wandering Earth tells us a story about how people tried to save Earth. —Yes. In the film, humans chose to stay on Earth ________ running away from it. A．as for B．thanks to C．instead of D．together with 5．—Did Peter promise ________ to your party? —I’m not sure. I wrote an email to him. I am looking forward ________ his reply. A．to coming; in B．to come; to C．to coming; to D．to come; in 6．In class I answered the question without hesitation and the teacher praised me. A．in a hurry B．at once C．not slowly D．hurriedly 7.He stayed at home _______ going out with friends. A. instead B. instead of C. instead to D. instead for 8.They _______ us _______ a debate competition next week. A. challenged; for B. challenged; in C. challenged; to D. challenged; on 9.She refused the offer _______ hesitation. A. with B. without C. in D. on 10.The temperature dropped _______ overnight. A. exactly B. sharply C. currently D. completely 11.My brother _______ me that he would bring snacks to the party. A. promised B. challenged C. agreed D. replied 12.You should apologize to her _______ just ignoring the problem. A. instead B. instead of C. rather D. rather than 13.You can find beautiful flowers _______ in this garden. A. everywhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. somewhere 14．Mike challenged his classmate to a game of chess. A．ordered... to play B．invited... to play C．beat... to play D．promised... to play 15．—The rest of the work ________ very difficult. —Yes, but we can finish it together. A．is B．are C．was D．were 16．We didn’t ________ Jerry, but we ________ a date to discuss about it. A．agree on; agreed to B．agreed with; agreed on C．agree with; agreed on D．agree with; agreed to 四、单词拼写 1．Tom’s brother will take a direct f to Shanghai tomorrow. 2．The result shows that 15 p of the students do not exercise at all. 3．If you make a p , you should keep it, or others won’t trust you. 4．Before going out, always c if you take your keys with you. 5．—Have you finished all your homework?   —Not e , I still have some more to do. 6．We all know that the panda is one of China’s s . 7．That 5-year-old child can c from 1 to 100. 8．I can’t a that pupils bring their mobile phones to school. 9．He didn’t r to the question when the teacher asked him. 10．My parents and I are looking for my pet cat e , but I don’t think we can find it. 11．Lucy is so brave that she is willing to (乐于) accept c in her life. 12．She was happy to get a p when she won the game. 13．A b is a plan for spending money. 14．Thanks to all the workers, the railway (系统) works well now. 15．The number of visitors to Guizhou during the Spring Festival increased (sharp). 16．Qingdao is one of the biggest cities in Shandong (省). 17．If you want to succeed, you have to improve your c_________(目前的) method of learning. 18．We agree (follow) their advice about saving water. 19．Mom always (agree) with my food choices because she thinks I eat too much junk food. 20．I w__________if he will come to the party tonight. 21．He decided to help the doctors and nurses go home without .(hesitate) 22．PRC (代表)“People’s Republic of China” 23．To them, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a (银牌). 24．Tom got first p (奖项) in the writing competition. 25.I need to check my s___________ for tomorrow. 五、完成句子 1．中国人喜欢用筷子代替刀叉。 Chinese people prefer to use chopsticks knives and forks. 2．这名公交车司机毫不犹豫地就停下了车。(句子翻译) 3.请写下你的电话号码，以防我忘记。 Please ______ ______ your phone number in case I forget it. 4.你能告诉我准确的航班时刻表吗？ Can you tell me the exact ______ ______? 5.请检查一下价格标签上的金额。 Please ______ the amount on the ______ ______. 6.气温在夜间可能会下降,在白天会上升。 The temperature may ______ ______ at night and ______ ______ in the daytime. 7.The lights went out ________ ________ ________ （一会儿）and then came back on. 8.他决定向他的朋友挑战一盘象棋。 He decided to ________ his friend ________ a game of chess. 词汇语境练-语篇 六、语篇填词 请根据下文中所给的首字母写出空格所缺的单词，使文章通顺合理并符合语法要求。在填写答卷时，要求写出完整单词。（每空只写一词） （A） How did people count things before the i 1 of written numbers? At first, people used their fingers, and even their toes. H 2 , they could only count small numbers in this way. After that, they began to make small marks on sticks and bones. This helped them count bigger numbers. They used them to count things like the days of the month, the a 3 of food and the number of animals they had. Then people began to use tokens made from clay or small stones. This helped them count even bigger numbers. They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that they could count them around easily. This developed into tools like the abacus. Finally, people began to develop s_ 4 of written marks to show different numbers, and this l 5 to the Hindu-Arabic system (0-9). We are still using this system today. (B) Once upon a time, there was a hunter who was proud of his skills. One day, he went to the mountains in search of his target. When he went into the forest, all the animals became afraid and ran away. Only the lion c 1 him to fight. The hunter took out his arrow and launched it at once. He was so confident that he didn’t choose the direction c 2 . The arrow hit a bird in the tree i 3 . Before the hunter r 4 his mistake, the lion took the chance and launched attack. Luckily, the lion also missed his target by inches. After the a 5 , the hunter never showed off his skills. $$Unit 2 Amazing numbers 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 flight （尤指乘飞机的）航程 percent 百分之…… schedule 日程安排 currently 目前；当前 everywhere 到处；各个地方 check 检查；核查 challenge 向（某人）挑战 budget 预算 prize 奖赏；奖励 province 省 promise 承诺；保证 sharply 急剧地；突然大幅度地 chessboard 国际象棋棋盘 count 计算（或清点）总数 silver 银 system 系统 reply 回复；答复 symbol 符号；记号 hesitation 犹豫 represent 代表 wonder 想知道；琢磨 exactly 准确地；确切地 agree 同意；赞成 短语 flight schedule 航班时刻表 go up 上升 price tag 价格标签 go down 下降 for a moment 片刻；一会儿 write down 写下；记下 without hesitation 毫不犹豫 instead of 代替；作为……的替换 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. hesitation n. →hesitate v. (对某事) 犹豫，迟疑不决 2. agree v.→agreement n. (意见或看法) 一致 →disagree v. 不同意；持不同意见；有分歧 →disagreement n. 意见不一；分歧；争论 3. currently adv.→current adj. 现时发生的；当前的；现在的 4. sharply adv. →sharp adj. (变化) 急剧的，骤然的；锋利的 5.count v.→countable adj.可数的→uncountable adj.不可数的→countless adj. 无数的；数不清的 →counter n. 柜台；计数器  6. exactly adv.→exact adj. 精确的；准确的 词汇语境练-句子 三、单项选择 1．Finding information is not hard today, but the ________is how we can tell whether the information is true or not. A．courage B．message C．challenge D．knowledge 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，查找信息并不难，但挑战在于我们如何判断这些信息是否真实。 考查名词词义辨析。courage勇气；message信息；challenge挑战；knowledge知识。根据语境可知，此处是在讨论查找信息不难，但判断信息真伪是一个“挑战”，所以应该用challenge。故选C。 2．—Sorry, sir. I won’t break the rules again. —If you make a ______, you must keep your word, kid. A．program B．promise C．prediction 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——抱歉，先生。我不会再违反规则。——如果你做出承诺，你必须信守承诺，孩子。 考查名词辨析。program节目；promisec承诺；prediction预言。根据“If you make a..., you must keep your word, kid.”可知，“不会再违反所说的话”是对某种承诺的回应。故选B。 3．It’s surprising that only ________ of news online ________true. A．twenty percent, is B．twenty percents, are C．twenty percent, are D．twenty percents, is 【答案】A 【详解】句意：令人惊讶的是，网上只有20%的新闻是真实的。 考查百分数的表达及主谓一致。percent表示“百分之……的”，没有复数形式，排除B和D选项；“百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数由名词决定，此处news是不可数名词，be动词用is。故选A。 4．—The movie The Wandering Earth tells us a story about how people tried to save Earth. —Yes. In the film, humans chose to stay on Earth ________ running away from it. A．as for B．thanks to C．instead of D．together with 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——电影《流浪地球》给我们讲述了一个人们如何努力拯救地球的故事。——是的。在电影中，人类选择留在地球上，而不是逃离它。 考查介词短语辨析。as for关于，至于；thanks to由于，多亏；instead of代替，而不是；together with和……一起。根据语境可知，此处是在描述电影中人类的选择，即他们选择留在地球上，而不是逃离。所以应该用instead of来表示“而不是”的意思。故选C。 5．—Did Peter promise ________ to your party? —I’m not sure. I wrote an email to him. I am looking forward ________ his reply. A．to coming; in B．to come; to C．to coming; to D．to come; in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——彼得答应来参加你的聚会了吗？——我不确定。我给他写了一封电子邮件。我期待着他的答复。 考查非谓语动词和动词短语。promise to do sth.“承诺做某事”，动词短语，第一空应用to come；look forward to“期待”，动词短语，第二空应用to。故选B。 6．In class I answered the question without hesitation and the teacher praised me. A．in a hurry B．at once C．not slowly D．hurriedly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在课堂上，我毫不犹豫地回答了问题，老师表扬了我。 考查介词短语。in a hurry匆忙地；at once立刻；not slowly不慢地；hurriedly匆忙地。“without hesitation”意为“毫不犹豫地”，表示没有迟疑，立刻回答了问题，可用at once替代。故选B。 7.He stayed at home _______ going out with friends. A. instead B. instead of C. instead to D. instead for 【答案】B 【详解】辨析 “instead” 和 “instead of” 的用法：“instead” 是副词，常单独用在句末；“instead of” 是介词短语，后接名词 / 动名词，此处接 “going out”，需用 “instead of”。 8.They _______ us _______ a debate competition next week. A. challenged; for B. challenged; in C. challenged; to D. challenged; on 【答案】C 【详解】考察 “challenge...to” 的介词搭配，“to” 是固定介词，其他介词均不符合该短语用法。 9.She refused the offer _______ hesitation. A. with B. without C. in D. on 【答案】B 【详解】考察 “hesitation” 的介词搭配，“without hesitation” 是固定短语 “毫不犹豫”；“with hesitation” 表示 “犹豫地”，与 “refused” 逻辑不符。 10.The temperature dropped _______ overnight. A. exactly B. sharply C. currently D. completely 【答案】B 【详解】副词词义辨析：“sharply” 描述 “温度急剧下降”，强调变化幅度大；其他副词无此含义。 11.My brother _______ me that he would bring snacks to the party. A. promised B. challenged C. agreed D. replied 【答案】A 【详解】本题考察 promise 的用法，promise 表示 “承诺”，后可接宾语从句，符合 “承诺带零食” 的语境。challenge（挑战）、agree（同意）、reply（回复）语义不符。 12.You should apologize to her _______ just ignoring the problem. A. instead B. instead of C. rather D. rather than 【答案】B 【详解】辨析 instead 和 instead of，instead of 后接动名词（ignoring），表示 “而不是”。instead 是副词，不能接宾语；rather 和 rather than 后接动词原形，不适用。 13.You can find beautiful flowers _______ in this garden. A. everywhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. somewhere 【答案】A 【详解】辨析 everywhere, anywhere, nowhere, somewhere 的用法，everywhere 表示 “到处，处处”，符合 “花园里到处都能找到美丽的花” 的语境。anywhere 常用于否定句和疑问句；nowhere 表示 “无处”；somewhere 表示 “某处”。 14．Mike challenged his classmate to a game of chess. A．ordered... to play B．invited... to play C．beat... to play D．promised... to play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Mike邀请他的同学玩国际象棋。 考查动词短语。ordered... to play命令……去玩；invited… to play邀请……去玩；beat… to play打败……去玩；promised… to play承诺……去玩。根据“challenged his classmate to a game of chess”可知，是Mike邀请同学下棋。故选B。 15．—The rest of the work ________ very difficult. —Yes, but we can finish it together. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——剩下的工作非常难。——是的，但是我们可以一起完成。 考查主谓一致和时态。is主语为第三人称大数；are主语为第二人称或第一、三人称复数；was是is的过去式；were是are的过去式。work是不可数名词，且此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，be动词用is。故选A。 16．We didn’t ________ Jerry, but we ________ a date to discuss about it. A．agree on; agreed to B．agreed with; agreed on C．agree with; agreed on D．agree with; agreed to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们不同意杰瑞的意见，但我们同意了一个讨论此事的日期。 考查动词短语。agree with sb.表示同意某人的意见；agree to sth.主要表示同意某一提议或建议，并愿意付诸实践或接受其作为决定的一部分。它涉及到对某个提议或计划的接受和承诺，通常包含了一种愿意采取行动或接受某种情况的意愿；agree on sth表示在某件事上达成一致意见。根据“We didn’t…Jerry, but we…a date to discuss about it.”可知第一空应填agree with，表示不同意杰瑞；第二空应填agreed on，表示同意了一个讨论此事的日期，强调的是双方或多方在某件事情上的共同看法或决定。故选C。 四、单词拼写 1．Tom’s brother will take a direct f to Shanghai tomorrow. 【答案】(f)light 【详解】句意：汤姆的兄弟明天将乘直达航班去上海。根据“Tom’s brother will take a direct ... to Shanghai tomorrow.”及首字母可知，此处表示去上海的直飞航班，take a direct flight“乘坐直达航班”，故填(f)light。 2．The result shows that 15 p of the students do not exercise at all. 【答案】(p)ercent 【详解】句意：结果显示，15%的学生根本不锻炼。根据“15 … of the students do not exercise at all”和首字母提示可知，15%的学生根本不锻炼。percent“百分比，百分之……”。故填(p)ercent。 3．If you make a p , you should keep it, or others won’t trust you. 【答案】(p)romise 【详解】句意：如果你做出一个承诺，你应该遵守它，否则别人会不信任你。空处位于a后，填可数名词单数作宾语。根据“you should keep it, or others won’t trust you”和首字母提示可知，此处指做出承诺就要遵守。promise“承诺”，可数名词。故填(p)romise。 4．Before going out, always c if you take your keys with you. 【答案】(c)heck 【详解】句意：外出前，务必检查是否带上钥匙。根据“if you take your keys with you.”和首字母提示可知，此处应填“check”，表示“检查”，作谓语动词，结合该句为祈使句，用动词原形。故填(c)heck。 5．—Have you finished all your homework?   —Not e , I still have some more to do. 【答案】(e)xactly 【详解】句意：——你完成所有的家庭作业了吗？ ——不完全是，我还有更多作业要做。根据“I still have some more to do.”和首字母“e”提示可知，还有更多的作业要做，说明还没有完成；考查not exactly“不完全是，并非如此”，用来回应对方的问题，表示情况并非完全像对方所问的那样，其中exactly“确切地；完全地；准确地”，副词。故填(e)xactly。 6．We all know that the panda is one of China’s s . 【答案】(s)ymbols 【详解】句意：众所周知，熊猫是中国的象征之一。根据“We all know that the panda is one of China’s…”和首字母提示可知，此处指的是熊猫是中国的象征之一。symbol“象征”，可数名词；one of+名词复数，“表示……之一”，所以这里用其复数形式，故填(s)ymbols。 7．That 5-year-old child can c from 1 to 100. 【答案】(c)ount 【详解】句意：那个5岁的孩子可以从1数到100。此处是指数数，从1数到100，count“数数”，情态动词后跟动词原形。故填(c)ount。 8．I can’t a that pupils bring their mobile phones to school. 【答案】(a)gree 【详解】句意：我不同意学生把手机带到学校。根据“that pupils bring their mobile phones to school.”以及首字母提示，此处是说不同意学生把手机带到学校，agree“同意”，“can’t”接动词原形。故填(a)gree。 9．He didn’t r to the question when the teacher asked him. 【答案】(r)eply 【详解】句意：当老师问他问题时，他没有回答这个问题。根据“to the question”和首字母可推断此处表示“回答”。reply“回答”，动词。根据“didn’t”可知此处用动词原形。故填(r)eply。 10．My parents and I are looking for my pet cat e , but I don’t think we can find it. 【答案】(e)verywhere 【详解】句意：我的父母和我到处寻找我的宠物猫。但是我认为我们找不到它。根据首字母提示以及“but I don’t think we can find it”可知，到处都找了，everywhere“到处”。故填(e)verywhere。 11．Lucy is so brave that she is willing to (乐于) accept c in her life. 【答案】(c)hallenges 【详解】句意：露西非常勇敢，她愿意接受生活中的挑战。根据“Lucy is so brave”及首字母提示可知，此处应表达愿意接受生活中的挑战，challenge“挑战”，可数名词，此处泛指生活中的挑战应用复数形式，故填(c)hallenges。 12．She was happy to get a p when she won the game. 【答案】(p)rize 【详解】句意：当她赢得比赛时，她很高兴得到了奖品。根据“when she won the game”可知，赢得比赛会有奖品。prize“奖品”，a后跟单数名词。故填(p)rize。 13．A b is a plan for spending money. 【答案】(b)udget 【详解】句意：预算是花钱的计划。根据“is a plan for spending money.”可知花钱的计划是预算，budget“预算”，a后加可数名词单数。故填(b)udget。 14．Thanks to all the workers, the railway (系统) works well now. 【答案】system 【详解】句意：多亏了所有的工作人员，铁路系统现在运行良好。system“系统”，根据“works”可知，空处用名词单数。故填system。 15．The number of visitors to Guizhou during the Spring Festival increased (sharp). 【答案】sharply 【详解】句意：春节期间到贵州旅游的人数急剧增加。根据题干可知是指春节期间到贵州旅游的人数急剧增加。此处需填副词sharply“急剧地”，修饰动词increased。故填sharply。 16．Qingdao is one of the biggest cities in Shandong (省). 【答案】province 【详解】句意：青岛是山东省最大的城市之一。province“省”，名词，Shandong province“山东省”。故填province。 17．If you want to succeed, you have to improve your c_________(目前的) method of learning. 【答案】current 【详解】句意：如果你想成功，你必须改进你目前的学习方法。根据句子结构，空格处需要一个形容词修饰名词 “method”（方法），结合括号内的提示 “目前的”，对应的英文单词是 “current”。 18．We agree (follow) their advice about saving water. 【答案】to follow 【详解】句意：我们同意按照他们的建议来节约用水。agree to do sth.同意做某事。follow按照，动词。此处应用动词不定式形式。故填to follow。 19．Mom always (agree) with my food choices because she thinks I eat too much junk food. 【答案】disagrees 【详解】句意：我妈妈总是不同意我对食物的选择，因为她认为我吃太多垃圾食品了。根据“she thinks I eat too much junk food”可知，时态为一般现在时，妈妈对我的食物选择持否定态度；所以agree“同意”需要变为反义词disagree“不同意”，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词变三单。故填disagrees。 20．I w__________if he will come to the party tonight. 【答案】wonder 【详解】句意：我想知道他今晚是否会来参加聚会。根据句意和首字母提示，可知 wonder“想知道”，根常用结构为 “wonder + if/whether 从句”，表示 “想知道是否……”，符合句子的语法和语义要求。根据“if he will come...”,可知主句用一般现在时，主语为“I”,用动词原形。故填wonder。 21．He decided to help the doctors and nurses go home without .(hesitate) 【答案】hesitation 【详解】句意：他毫不犹豫地决定帮助医生和护士回家。 hesitate动词，翻译为“犹豫”。分析句子可知，此处用在介词without后，构成“without hesitation”短语，翻译为“毫不犹豫”，所以用其名词形式即可。故填hesitation。 22．PRC (代表)“People’s Republic of China” 【答案】represents 【详解】句意：PRC代表中华人民共和国。represent的意思是“代表”，主语是单数，这里动词变第三人称单数，根据汉语提示，故填represents。 23．To them, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a (银牌). 【答案】silver 【详解】句意：对他们来说，最重要的不是赢得金牌或银牌。silver“银牌”，a后跟名词单数。故填silver。 24．Tom got first p (奖项) in the writing competition. 【答案】(p)rize 【详解】句意：汤姆在写作比赛中得了第一名。根据汉语和首字母提示可知，prize“奖项”，名词作宾语。故填(p)rize。 25.I need to check my s___________ for tomorrow. 【答案】(s)chedule 【详解】句意：我需要查看我明天的日程安排。空格前有形容词性物主代词 “my”，后接名词，结合语境 根据汉语和首字母提示可知， “日程安排” “schedule”。故填(s)chedule。 五、完成句子 1．中国人喜欢用筷子代替刀叉。 Chinese people prefer to use chopsticks knives and forks. 【答案】 instead of 【详解】固定搭配：instead of表示“代替”，后接名词，故填instead of。 2．这名公交车司机毫不犹豫地就停下了车。(句子翻译) 【答案】The bus driver stopped the bus without thinking twice. 【详解】这名公交车司机：The bus driver；停下了车：stop the bus；毫不犹豫地：without thinking twice。句子为一般过去式，谓语动词stop用过去式stopped。故填The bus driver stopped the bus without thinking twice. 3.请写下你的电话号码，以防我忘记。 Please ______ ______ your phone number in case I forget it. 【答案】write down 【详解】“写下；记下” 对应的短语是 write down，本句为祈使句，用动词原形开头。 4.你能告诉我准确的航班时刻表吗？ Can you tell me the exact ______ ______? 【答案】flight schedule 【详解】“航班时刻表” 对应的短语是 flight schedule，为固定搭配。 5.请检查一下价格标签上的金额。 Please ______ the amount on the ______ ______. 【答案】check；price tag 【详解】“检查” 是 check，“价格标签” 是 price tag，第一空为祈使句用动词原形，第二空根据语境用 price tag。 6.气温在夜间可能会下降,在白天会上升。 The temperature may ______ ______ at night and ______ ______ in the daytime. 【答案】go down； go up 【详解】“下降” 对应的短语是 go down，“上升”对应的短语是 go up。情态动词 may 后接动词原形，故填go down； go up。 7.The lights went out ________ ________ ________ （一会儿）and then came back on. 【答案】for a moment 【详解】句意： “灯灭了一会儿，然后又亮了起来”。此处用 “for a moment” 描述灯光熄灭的短暂状态，符合逻辑。 8.他决定向他的朋友挑战一盘象棋。 He decided to ________ his friend ________ a game of chess. 【答案】challenge；to 【详解】“challenge...to...” 是固定搭配，意为 “向…… 挑战……”，符合句意。此处 “to” 后接名词（a game of chess），表示挑战的内容。 词汇语境练-语篇 六、语篇填词 （A） How did people count things before the i 1 of written numbers? At first, people used their fingers, and even their toes. H 2 , they could only count small numbers in this way. After that, they began to make small marks on sticks and bones. This helped them count bigger numbers. They used them to count things like the days of the month, the a 3 of food and the number of animals they had. Then people began to use tokens made from clay or small stones. This helped them count even bigger numbers. They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that they could count them around easily. This developed into tools like the abacus. Finally, people began to develop s_ 4 of written marks to show different numbers, and this l 5 to the Hindu-Arabic system (0-9). We are still using this system today. 【答案】1．(i)nvention 2．(H)owever 3．(a)mount 4．(s)ystems 5．(l)ed 【导语】本文主要介绍了数字的发明过程。在没有数字之前，人们用手指连同脚趾数数，后用棍棒和骨头制作一些小物件来计数，接着用粘土或小石块做成小物件计数，后来人们为了方便携带把它们穿成串儿，从而发展成了算盘，最后人们开始扩展文字系统，产生了阿拉伯数字。 1．句意：在书写数字发明之前，人们是怎么数东西的呢？根据“How did people count things before the ... of written numbers?”及首字母提示可知，此处是指书写数字发明之前，the后跟名词，invention“发明”。故填(i)nvention。 2．句意：但是，他们只能用这种方法数很小的数字。根据“At first, people used their fingers, and even their toes.”和“they could only count small numbers in this way.”可知，前后是转折关系，由首字母提示可知，however“但是”，表转折。故填(H)owever。 3．句意：他们使用它们来数像每月的天数，食物的数量和他们拥有的动物的数量。根据“the days of the month, the ... of food and the number of animals they had.”可知，此处表示数量，the amount of“……的数量”。故填(a)mount。 4.句意：最后，人们开始发展书写符号系统来表示不同的数字，这导致了阿拉伯数字系统（0—9）的出现。 根据上下文 “develop...of written marks to show different numbers”（创造出…… 书面符号来表示不同的数字），结合常识，可知缺少system “系统”，且 “system” 为可数名词，此处用复数形式 “systems” 表示各类数字符号系统，符合语境。故填(s)ystems。 5．句意：最后，人们开始发展书写符号系统来表示不同的数字，这导致了阿拉伯数字系统（0—9）的出现。根据“people began to develop systems of written marks to show different numbers”可知，由于书写系统的发展，导致了阿拉伯数字系统的出现，lead to“导致，引起”，本句时态为一般过去时。故填(l)ed。 (B) 请根据下文中所给的首字母写出空格所缺的单词，使文章通顺合理并符合语法要求。在填写答卷时，要求写出完整单词。（每空只写一词） Once upon a time, there was a hunter who was proud of his skills. One day, he went to the mountains in search of his target. When he went into the forest, all the animals became afraid and ran away. Only the lion c 1 him to fight. The hunter took out his arrow and launched it at once. He was so confident that he didn’t choose the direction c 2 . The arrow hit a bird in the tree i 3 . Before the hunter r 4 his mistake, the lion took the chance and launched attack. Luckily, the lion also missed his target by inches. After the a 5 , the hunter never showed off his skills. 【答案】1．(c)hallenged 2．(c)orrectly 3．(i)nstead 4．(r)ealized 5．(a)ccident 【导语】本文讲述的是骄傲的猎人与狮子挑战的故事。 1．句意：只有狮子向他挑战。根据“all the animals became afraid and ran away.”及首字母提示可知，狮子向猎人发起挑战，challenge“挑战”，动词，故事发生在过去，动词应用过去式，故填(c)hallenged。 2．句意：他太自信了，以至于没有正确选择方向。根据“The arrow hit a bird in the tree”及首字母提示可知，方向没有选对，空处修饰句中的动词，应用副词形式，表示“正确地”，故填(c)orrectly。 3．句意：箭射中了树上的一只鸟。根据首字母提示及“Only the lion...him to fight. The bunter took out his arrow（箭）and launched it at once. He was so confident that he didn’t choose the direction”可知，猎人没有射中狮子而是射中了一只鸟，此处应用副词instead“反而”，故填(i)nstead。 4．句意：在猎人意识到自己的错误之前，狮子抓住机会发动了攻击。根据“the hunter...his mistake”及首字母提示可知，在猎人意识到自己的错误之前，空处缺谓语，此处用动词，且要用过去式，故填(r)ealized。 5．句意：事故发生后，猎人再也不炫耀自己的技能了。根据上文的描述及首字母提示可知，这是一次不测事件，accident“不测事件，事故”，此处名词用单数形式，故填(a)ccident。 $$