Unit 5 Period 2 Learning About Language（分层作业）英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 5 Period 2 Learning About Language分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一．汉译英 1． （v.）发展，前进— （n.）发展，前进—   (adj.)先进的，高级的 先进技术 = 提前 2． (adj.)明显的 — (adv.) 明显地 3． (n.) 责任 — (adj.) 负责的 — (adv.) 负责地 4． (v.) 解决 — (n.) 解决措施 解决问题 问题的解决办法 5． (v.) 编辑 — (n.) 版本 — (n.) 编者 6． (n.) 冒险 — (n.) 冒险者 — (adj.) 有冒险精神的 7． (n.) 青春 — (adj.)年轻的 — (adj.) 年轻的 8． (v.) 幸存 — (n.) 幸存 — (n.) 幸存者 9． (v.) 表现 — (n.) 表现 — (adj.) 表现好的 10． (v.)产生 — (n.) 一代人 代代相传 代沟 11． (v.) 吸引 — (n.) 有吸引力的事物，吸引力 — (adj.) 吸引人的 12． (n.) 对……上瘾的人 — (n.)瘾 — (adj.) 上瘾的 — (adj.) 使人上瘾的 13． (n.) 成年人/ (adj.) 成年的 — (n.) 成年时期 汉译英 1．deal   处理；对付；论及；相处；与……打交道 2．take   呈现；雇用；承担 3．pay attention   注意；留意 4．be intended   专门做某事 5．make use   利用；使用 6．adapt   适应 7．rather   与其；不愿；而不是 8．complain   抱怨…… 9．live … life  过一种……生活 10．make one’s mind  下决心；决定 二、单句语法填空 1.The whole argument rests on a false (assume). 2. he saw in the documentary made him reflect on the impact of climate change. 3.Innovation in teaching methods is (essence) to meet the diverse learning needs of students. 4.Sorry, we are late. That’s we were held up in the traffic jam. 5.It is essential (set) your goal before you do anything. 6.Now that we have finished the design, it is time to construct the bridge their turn. 7.His views are grounded on the (assume) that all people are equal. 8.It seems he has lost interest in his studies. 9.They were reduced to extreme (poor) because of laziness. 10.It is our responsibility to take care of our sick mother turns. 11.Water was found a depth of 30 feet. 12.I post my work on social media and, turn, have met some of the kindest people. 13.You may find it easy (expand) your knowledge beyond textbooks through online learning apps. 14.It is suggested the project should be carried out at once. 15.Organic farming avoids synthetic (pesticide). 16.If you (deep) your knowledge or understanding of a subject, you will learn more about it and become more interested in it. 17.Not only the students but also their teacher (enjoy) the cartoon. 18.According to a report, the committee is comprised 12 members. 19.Over time, it (expand) to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces. 20.It hasn’t been decided the meeting will be held in our school or not. 三、（1）根据汉语意思翻译下列句子 1.相较于电子阅读，纸质阅读更能提高学生的专注力。（as opposed to） 2.即便人工智能正在引发各行各业的变革, 我们能否抵制对其的过度依赖仍有待进一步探索。（resist） 3.申请这种职位时， 熟练的电脑技术是必须的。（command） 5．以大数据、人工智能等为标志的第四次工业革命重塑了生产生活的方方面面。(mark) 6.长期使用化肥会对土地和人的健康造成损害。 7. 原句：Not only does traditional architecture reflect history, but it also serves as a symbol of cultural identity.（传统建筑不仅反映历史，还象征着文化认同。） 仿写：（我们不仅应该尊重文化多样性，还必须积极推动其保护。） 8.她认为通过不断学习新技能，就能够应对工作中的复杂任务，从而更好地实现职业发展。（attain） 9．面对自然灾害时，高效的应对措施不仅能减少经济损失，还能缓解民众的心理压力，这需要政府和社区的共同努力。(disaster) 10．另一个我认为很重要的方面就是视觉特效。(定语从句；attach) 11．上面写着“相信自己，继续前进”。 12．原句：Inspired by ancient art, the modern artist created a series of unique sculptures.（受古代艺术启发，这位现代艺术家创作了一系列独特的雕塑。） 仿写：（面对文化流失的威胁，当地社区正携手保护传统。） 13．电影《哪吒Ne Zha》票房大卖并成为中国文化输出的典范。(achieve) 14.让科学家们忧心忡忡的是可再生能源虽被看好，但开发和运用速度尚未跟上需求。（concern） 15.豆腐营养丰富且容易消化，老少咸宜。(perfect) 16.由于不同的语言和文化背景，人们在交流时关注的重心往往大不相同。(depending) 17.此外，何不在比赛前轮流上台练习相关诗歌?(take turns to do) 18.幸运的是，受到同学们的鼓励，我开始迈出第一步。 19.尽管人工智能生成的内容能大大提高工作效率，但同时也需要使用者具别对错和批判性思考的能力。(require) 20.人们如何平衡工作和生活将对他们的幸福感产生重要影响。(difference)   三、（2025下·安徽合肥·高二统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 People around the globe have been mourning (哀悼) the death of Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, whose lifelong research in hybrid rice helps feed more people around the world. Born in Beijing in 1930, Yuan devoted his entire life 1 the study of hybrid rice. With his tireless efforts, he finally 2 (overcome) numerous difficulties and cultivated the world’s first hybrid rice strain in 1973, 3 was planted first in Hunan province in the following year. It was the first time that a hybrid rice 4 (use) for farming. Having spent over five decades in hybrid rice research, Yuan has helped China work a great wonder, 5 (feed) nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with 6 (little) than 9 percent of the world’s total farmland. Moreover, Yuan’s team has also offered training 7 (course) in dozens of countries to help them address the problem of food 8 (short). However, 9 impressed the world most was that despite such great contributions he made, he still considered 10 (he) as a farmer and cared little about money or fame. Yuan is surely a great figure to be remembered. 四、阅读理解 （2025下·云南昆明·高二统考期末）Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) is often recognized as the founder of modern physics, perhaps even the father of modern science itself. But this popular image overlooks an important fact of his Renaissance (文艺复兴) personality: Galileo the artist. Art and science have always been connected, and Galileo proved how they can inspire and inform one another. In addition to being a skilled observer and a sharp thinker, he was a talented artist, trained in cutting-edge perspective (透视法) techniques pioneered by his fellow Italian artists. His artistic sensibility played a key role in his scientific understanding, leading some 400 years ago to a new picture of the universe. Much of this sensibility came from his training at the Florentine Design Academy, where he was exposed to the latest artistic techniques. This specialized knowledge paid off when Galileo first aimed his telescope at the Moon. While light and dark areas on the Moon were visible to the eye, his telescope discovered what appeared to be mountains and valleys. So, he drew what he saw and tried to make sense of it. “He must have drawn on the tricks of perspective that he had learned years before,” says Eileen Reeves, a professor at Princeton University. For Galileo, “drawing was a means of discovery, and a form of thinking.” Galileo paid particular attention to the features visible along the terminator (明暗界线), the line that divides the light and dark parts of the Moon. He noticed how the peaks of mountains on the dark side were lit up first, with the sunlight slowly making its way down their sides. And only someone as skilled as Galileo could see that mountains on the Moon were just like the mountains here on Earth — once he understood the viewpoint from which they were being seen. 1．What aspect of Galileo is highlighted in the text? A．His contributions to modern physics. B．His influence during the Renaissance. C．His identity as both scientist and artist. D．His sensitivity to scientific understanding. 2．How did Galileo better understand the Moon’s surface? A．By drawing with perspective skills. B．By using the most advanced telescope. C．By reviewing literature on the Moon. D．By applying knowledge of astronomy. 3．What does paragraph 4 indicate about Galileo? A．He linked imagination with science. B．He received help from Italian artists. C．He researched the movement of light. D．He applied art to scientific observation. 4．Which word best describes Galileo’s character? A．Grateful. B．Innovative. C．Ambitious. D．Independent. 五、七选五 （2025上·山东·高三统考开学考试）SMART Goal The SMART goal is one of the most valuable methods used by high achievers today to realize their life goals. SMART is an acronym (首字母缩略词) that stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-bound. 1 Every goal ought to be specific. Being clear about your goals and expectations is the first step in reaching them. 2 For example, “I will start planning toward retirement” is vague (含糊的). Instead, you could say, “I will start planning toward retirement by building up a nest egg (储备金).” This is more specific. When you are specific about your goal, it’s easier for you to identify all its components and work accordingly toward achieving it. 3 If you can’t measure something, you can’t tell if you’re performing well or if you’re off track. Setting measurable goals lets you evaluate your performance and stay on track. Goals should be achievable and realistic. 4 It’s also important not to get carried away and use unreachable goals as motivators. Allow yourself to feel motivated by the satisfaction of achievement and real progress. Each goal has to be time-bound. 5 Actually, it’s incredibly important to make your goals time-bound. The act of having deadlines set for your goals is a motivation that drives you into action. Without a deadline, it is not possible for you to know if you’re making headway with your goals. A．Your goals must be measurable. B．That is because your goals are not specific enough. C．It is the final letter of SMART that is often ignored. D．When goals are too wide or vague, they are easy to miss. E．To make your SMART goal work, use the following tips. F．You may wonder if this is achievable in the given time frame. G．It’s important to set goals that are within realistic capabilities. 六、完形填空 （2025下·上海·高三上海市川沙中学校考阶段练习）Insects are disappearing. The world has 25 per cent fewer insects now than in 1990．This includes those we depend on to pollinate (授粉) our crops and clean our rivers. If we don’t solve this problem very soon, some species will 1 . There are many causes for the insect decline, but pesticides (杀虫剂) are a major part of the problem. Those used today are 2 and up to 10000 times more poisonous than some that were banned in the 1970s. Adding to the problem is that these pesticides are now applied to crops as preventive measures, whether pests are 3 or not. Overall, the amount of insecticide applied to the land is 4 , but this is a very misleading statistic. A recent paper found that, between 2005 and 2015, there was a 40 percent reduction in the amount of pesticide applied to crops measured by weight. 5 , the global toxicity (毒性) of treated land to pollinating insects has more than doubled in the same period. Governments and regulating agencies are aware of the problem, and some have moved to 6 the use of certain pesticides outdoors in an attempt to help bees survive. But the pesticides used instead are just as hazardous. One 7 approach is to use pesticide-free pest control methods, referred to as integrated pest management (IPM). Having been around for decades, they offer effective crop protection and include methods such as planting resistant varieties, 8 pest habitats and releasing natural enemies of pests. But their adoption has been incredibly 9 , because spraying pesticides is viewed as an easy option. As a result, IPM methods are 10 seldom used today. Neither changing insecticides nor adopting IPM is a quick 11 . We argue instead that we need a gradual 12 in focus, away from killing pests and towards protecting crops. By using the 13 dose (剂量) we need to protect crops, we could reduce the amount of insecticide to a small portion of what is used today. Farmers would benefit from these changes. 14 , they could spend less money on pesticides and improve crop production by keeping healthy pollinator insects about. It is also a move that could win us time to make food production more 15 and integrate farmlands well with the natural ecosystems we crucially depend on. And that will allow insects to recover in the end. 1．A．come out B．leave out C．die out D．set out 2．A．efficient B．economical C．persisting D．temporary 3．A．energetic B．healthy C．present D．current 4．A．decreasing B．increasing C．multiplying D．rising 5．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Furthermore D．However 6．A．ban B．embrace C．permit D．make 7．A．highly-recommended B．well-received C．widely-applied D．over-estimated 8．A．harvesting B．producing C．removing D．locating 9．A．slow B．rapid C．simple D．popular 10．A．willingly B．luckily C．purposefully D．unfortunately 11．A．problem B．decision C．action D．fix 12．A．progress B．improvement C．process D．shift 13．A．medium B．heavy C．minimal D．high 14．A．All in all B．First of all C．In all D．After all 15．A．efficient B．nutritious C．profitable D．sustainable 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Period 2 Learning About Language分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一．汉译英 1． （v.）发展，前进— （n.）发展，前进—   (adj.)先进的，高级的 先进技术 = 提前 2． (adj.)明显的 — (adv.) 明显地 3． (n.) 责任 — (adj.) 负责的 — (adv.) 负责地 4． (v.) 解决 — (n.) 解决措施 解决问题 问题的解决办法 5． (v.) 编辑 — (n.) 版本 — (n.) 编者 6． (n.) 冒险 — (n.) 冒险者 — (adj.) 有冒险精神的 7． (n.) 青春 — (adj.)年轻的 — (adj.) 年轻的 8． (v.) 幸存 — (n.) 幸存 — (n.) 幸存者 9． (v.) 表现 — (n.) 表现 — (adj.) 表现好的 10． (v.)产生 — (n.) 一代人 代代相传 代沟 11． (v.) 吸引 — (n.) 有吸引力的事物，吸引力 — (adj.) 吸引人的 12． (n.) 对……上瘾的人 — (n.)瘾 — (adj.) 上瘾的 — (adj.) 使人上瘾的 13． (n.) 成年人/ (adj.) 成年的 — (n.) 成年时期 【答案】 1． advance advance advanced advanced technology in advance ahead of schedule 2． obvious obviously 3． responsibility responsible responsibly 4． solve solution solve a problem a solution to the problem 5． edit edition editor 6． adventure adventurer adventurous 7． youth youthful young 8． survive survival survivor 9． behave behaviour well-behaved 10． generate generation from generation to generation generation gap 11． attract attraction attractive 12． addict addiction addicted addictive 13． adult adulthood 汉译英 1．deal   处理；对付；论及；相处；与……打交道 2．take   呈现；雇用；承担 3．pay attention   注意；留意 4．be intended   专门做某事 5．make use   利用；使用 6．adapt   适应 7．rather   与其；不愿；而不是 8．complain   抱怨…… 9．live … life  过一种……生活 10．make one’s mind  下决心；决定 【答案】 1．with 2．on 3．to 4．to do sth. 5．of 6．to 7．than 8．about 9．a 10．up 二、单句语法填空 1.The whole argument rests on a false (assume). 【答案】assumption 【详解】考查名词。句意：整个论证建立在一个错误的假设之上。设空前有a修饰，应用名词单数，作宾语，故填assumption。 2. he saw in the documentary made him reflect on the impact of climate change. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他在这部纪录片中所看到的内容让他开始思考气候变化所带来的影响。引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物故用what，首字母大写。故填What。 3.Innovation in teaching methods is (essence) to meet the diverse learning needs of students. 【答案】essential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：教学方法的创新对于满足学生多样化的学习需求是至关重要的。空处作表语，需用形容词essential。故填essential。 4.Sorry, we are late. That’s we were held up in the traffic jam. 【答案】because 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：对不起，我们迟到了。那是因为我们遇到了交通堵塞。空处引导表语从句，空后是解释迟到的原因，使用because引导，故填because。 5.It is essential (set) your goal before you do anything. 【答案】to set 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在你做任何事情之前设定你的目标是很重要的。It是形式主语，空处使用动词不定式，作真正的主语，故填to set。 6.Now that we have finished the design, it is time to construct the bridge their turn. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：既然我们已经完成了设计，现在该轮到他们建造这座桥了。in one’s turn是固定短语，意为“轮到某人”，因此空格处用介词in，故填in。 7.His views are grounded on the (assume) that all people are equal. 【答案】assumption 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的观点是基于所有人都是平等的这一假设。空处作宾语，需填名词assumption，根据“that all people are equal.”可知，此处特指一个假设，需用名词单数形式。故填assumption。 8.It seems he has lost interest in his studies. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：看起来他对学习失去了兴趣。固定句型：It seems that+从句，意为“似乎……；看起来……”，其中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。故填that。 9.They were reduced to extreme (poor) because of laziness. 【答案】poverty 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于懒惰，他们陷入了极度的贫困。根据句子分析可知，此处需要填入一个名词形式，与前面的形容词extreme构成名词短语，作介词的宾语，表示“极度的贫困”。所给词poor的名词形式为poverty，故填poverty。 10.It is our responsibility to take care of our sick mother turns. 【答案】by 【详解】考查介词。句意：轮流照顾生病的母亲是我们的责任。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用介词短语by turns“轮流”，因此空格处用介词by。故填by。 11.Water was found a depth of 30 feet. 【答案】at/to 【详解】考查介词。句意：发现的水深达30英尺。at/to a depth of...“在/到……深度”。故填at/to。 12.I post my work on social media and, turn, have met some of the kindest people. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：我把我的作品发布在社交媒体上，反过来，我也遇到了一些最善良的人。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用介词短语in turn“反过来”。故填in。 13.You may find it easy (expand) your knowledge beyond textbooks through online learning apps. 【答案】to expand 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你可能会发现通过在线学习应用程序扩展课本之外的知识很容易。此处为“find/make/consider +it+形容词/名词 + to do sth.”结构，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式形式，所以此处应用动词不定式to expand作真正的宾语。故填to expand。 14.It is suggested the project should be carried out at once. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：建议立即执行该项目。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，真正的主语是“_______ the project should be carried out at once”，而形式主语是“it”，由于从句结构和意义完整，不缺少成分，因此需用只起连接作用、无实义的引导词that。故填that。 15.Organic farming avoids synthetic (pesticide). 【答案】pesticides 【详解】考查名词。句意：有机农业避免使用合成农药。pesticide为可数名词，泛指多种农药，用复数形式pesticides作宾语。故填pesticides。 16.If you (deep) your knowledge or understanding of a subject, you will learn more about it and become more interested in it. 【答案】deepen 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如果你加深了对一门学科的知识或理解，你就会学到更多，对它更感兴趣。空格处用动词作谓语，deep的动词是deepen，意为“加深”，if从句遵循主将从现的原则，主句中是一般将来时，从句中用一般现在时，主语是you，空格处用原形，故填deepen。 17.Not only the students but also their teacher (enjoy) the cartoon. 【答案】enjoys 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：不仅是学生，他们的老师也喜欢这个漫画。Not only...but also...连接的名词作主语，应用就近原则，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，所以谓语和their teacher保持一致，应用第三人称单数，故填enjoys。 18.According to a report, the committee is comprised 12 members. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：据报道，该委员会由12名成员组成。be comprised of是固定短语，意为“由……组成”，因此空格处用介词of，故填of。 19.Over time, it (expand) to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces. 【答案】has expanded 【详解】考查时态。句意：随着时间的推移，它已经扩展到包括汤、蔬菜、肉类和酱汁的多种选择。根据句意和句中“Over time”可知，句子应用现在完成时，“it”和“has”连用，“expand”的过去分词为“expanded”。故填has expanded。 20.It hasn’t been decided the meeting will be held in our school or not. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：会议是否在我们学校举行还没有定下来。句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是空格后的部分，所以空格处引导主语从句，且意义为“是否”，所以用连词whether，whether...or not“是否”是固定搭配。故填whether。 三、（1）根据汉语意思翻译下列句子 1.相较于电子阅读，纸质阅读更能提高学生的专注力。（as opposed to） 【答案】As opposed to digital reading, paper/print reading can enhance/boost/improve students’ concentration better. 【详解】考查情态动词和固定搭配。“相较于”表达为as opposed to；“电子阅读”是digital reading，作宾语；“纸质阅读”可译为paper/print reading，作主语；“提高”为enhance/boost/improve ；“专注力”即concentration”。“能”为“can”。故翻译为As opposed to digital reading, paper/print reading can enhance/boost/improve students’ concentration better. 2.即便人工智能正在引发各行各业的变革, 我们能否抵制对其的过度依赖仍有待进一步探索。（resist） 【答案】Even though artificial intelligence is triggering changes in all walks of life, it remains to be further explored whether we can resist excessive reliance on it. 【详解】考查连词及时态。“即便”使用Even though来引导让步状语从句，表明前后句之间的转折让步关系。“正在引发各行各业的变革”，说明动作正在进行，需用现在进行时，“引发”对应的英文单词是trigger，其现在分词形式为triggering ，“各行各业”常见英文表达为all walks of life，所以“即便人工智能正在引发各行各业的变革”翻译为Even though artificial intelligence is triggering changes in all walks of life。 “我们能否抵制对其的过度依赖仍有待进一步探索”，这里用it remains to be further explored，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面whether引导的主语从句，这种结构符合英语表达习惯，避免句子头重脚轻。“抵制”英文表达为resist，“过度的”是excessive，“依赖”用reliance on，“我们能否抵制对其的过度依赖”就译为whether we can resist excessive reliance on it。 故整句译为Even though artificial intelligence is triggering changes in all walks of life, it remains to be further explored whether we can resist excessive reliance on it. 3.申请这种职位时， 熟练的电脑技术是必须的。（command） 【答案】When you apply for this position, having a good command of computer skills is essential. 【详解】考查时间状语从句和固定短语。根据句意，句子描述客观要求，使用一般现在时。表示“申请这种职位时”为when引导的时间状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“申请”为apply for作谓语，主语为第二人称you，所以此处使用动词原形，表示“这种职位”为this position作宾语，所以状语从句可译为When you apply for this position；表示“熟练的电脑技术是必须的”为主句，“熟练的电脑技术”为have a good command of computer skills作主语，此处描述的是一般性动作，使用动名词形式作主语，即having a good command of computer skills，表示“必须的”为essential作表语，谓语动词应为be动词，动名词作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式，所以be动词为is，所以主句可译为having a good command of computer skills is essential。故翻译为When you apply for this position, having a good command of computer skills is essential. 5．以大数据、人工智能等为标志的第四次工业革命重塑了生产生活的方方面面。(mark) 【答案】The Fourth Industrial Revolution, marked by big data, artificial intelligence, etc., has reshaped all aspects of production and life. 【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。分析句子可知，这里时态可用现在完成时，强调动作对现在的影响。表示“第四次工业革命”应用The Fourth Industrial Revolution，在本句中作主语；表示“以大数据、人工智能等为标志的”可用mark by big data, artificial intelligence, etc.，和句子主语为逻辑被动关系，用过去分词作定语；表示“重塑了”应用has reshaped，在本句中作谓语；表示“生产生活的方方面面”应用all aspects of production and life，为名词短语作宾语，其中all aspects of是一个常用短语，意为“……的各个方面”。故翻译为The Fourth Industrial Revolution, marked by big data, artificial intelligence, etc., has reshaped all aspects of production and life. 6.长期使用化肥会对土地和人的健康造成损害。 【答案】Using chemical fertilizers for a long time can cause damage to the land and people’s health. 【详解】考查动名词和短语。“长期使用化肥”为use chemical fertilizers for a long time，使用动名词形式作句子主语。“会”为can，情态动词，后接动词原形形式，“对……造成损害”为cause damage to，“土地和人的健康”为the land and people’s health。故翻译为Using chemical fertilizers for a long time can cause damage to the land and people’s health. 7. 原句：Not only does traditional architecture reflect history, but it also serves as a symbol of cultural identity.（传统建筑不仅反映历史，还象征着文化认同。） 仿写：（我们不仅应该尊重文化多样性，还必须积极推动其保护。） 【答案】Not only should we respect cultural diversity, but we must also actively promote its preservation. 【详解】考查倒装句、情态动词及名词。表示“我们”用we，作主语；表示“应该”用情态动词should；表示“不仅……还……”用not only...but (also)...，当not only位于句首时，其后的句子要用部分倒装，即将情态动词should提到主语we之前；表示“尊重”用respect，与情态动词should搭配，用原形；表示“文化多样性”用cultural diversity，作respect的宾语。but后的句子主语用we，表示“必须”用must，其后接动词原形；表示“推动”用promote；表示“积极地”用actively，作状语，修饰promote；表示“其保护”用its preservation，作promote的宾语，其中its指代cultural diversity。故翻译为Not only should we respect cultural diversity, but we must also actively promote its preservation. 8.她认为通过不断学习新技能，就能够应对工作中的复杂任务，从而更好地实现职业发展。（attain） 【答案】She believes that by constantly learning new skills, she can tackle complex tasks at work so that she can better attain professional growth. 【详解】考查宾语从句和动词短语。根据句意，“认为”和“能够应对”为现在的状态和能力，主句及从句使用一般现在时； “她”为she作主语，位于句首首字母大写，“认为”为believes（第三人称单数），表示“她认为”为主句She believes；表示“通过不断学习新技能，就能够应对工作中的复杂任务，从而更好地实现职业发展”为宾语从句作believes的宾语，从句中不缺句子成分，且句意完整，所以使用连词that引导；表示“通过不断学习新技能”为by constantly learning new skills作方式状语，表示“能够应对”为can tackle，“复杂任务”为complex tasks，“在工作中”为at work，所以，“她就能够应对工作中的复杂任务”为she can tackle complex tasks at work；表示“从而更好地实现职业发展”为so that引导目的状语从句，表示“更好地实现”为better attain，“职业发展”为professional growth作宾语，所以目的状语从句为so that she can better attain professional growth。故翻译为She believes that by constantly learning new skills, she can tackle complex tasks at work so that she can better attain professional growth. 9．面对自然灾害时，高效的应对措施不仅能减少经济损失，还能缓解民众的心理压力，这需要政府和社区的共同努力。(disaster) 【答案】When facing natural disasters, efficient response measures can not only reduce economic losses but also alleviate the psychological pressure of the public, which requires the joint efforts of the government and communities. 【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。表示“当……时候”用when，引导时间状语从句，且为省略句，表示“面对自然灾害”为facing natural disasters；表示“高效的应对措施”用efficient response measures，作主语；表示“不仅……而且……”句型为not only…but also…；表示“减少经济损失”为reduce economic losses；表示“缓解民众的心理压力”为alleviate the psychological pressure of the public，can后跟动词原形；后跟非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词efficient response measures，在从句作主语，指物，故用which；表示“需要”用动词require；表示“政府和社区的共同努力”为the joint efforts of the government and communities，陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为When facing natural disasters, efficient response measures can not only reduce economic losses but also alleviate the psychological pressure of the public, which requires the joint efforts of the government and communities. 10．另一个我认为很重要的方面就是视觉特效。(定语从句；attach) 【答案】Another aspect (that/ which) I attach great importance to is visual special effects. 【详解】考查定语从句和短语。表示“另一个方面”应用another aspect，作主语，后跟定语从句，先行词在从句作宾语，指物，应用that、which或省略；从句主语为I；表示“认为……很重要”短语为attach great importance to；表示“视觉特效”短语为visual special effects。此处用一般现在时，陈述事实。故翻译为Another aspect (that/ which) I attach great importance to is visual special effects. 11．上面写着“相信自己，继续前进”。 【答案】It read “Trust yourself and keep going”. 【详解】考查时态和短语。陈述过去发生的动作，为一般过去时。“上面写着”为It read ，“相信自己，继续前进”为Trust yourself and keep going, 为祈使句。故翻译为：It read “Trust yourself and keep going”. 12．原句：Inspired by ancient art, the modern artist created a series of unique sculptures.（受古代艺术启发，这位现代艺术家创作了一系列独特的雕塑。） 仿写：（面对文化流失的威胁，当地社区正携手保护传统。） 【答案】Faced with the threat of cultural loss, local communities are working together to preserve their traditions. 【详解】考查非谓语、时态及固定短语。表示“当地社区”用local communities，作主语；表示“携手”用work together，句子描述正在发生的事情，时态用现在进行时，谓语用are working together；表示“保护”用preserve，用不定式，作目的状语；表示“他们的传统”用their traditions，作preserve的宾语。表示“面对”用be faced with，省略be动词，用过去分词形式，作状语；表示“文化流失的威胁”用the threat of cultural loss，作Faced with的宾语；故答案为Faced with the threat of cultural loss, local communities are working together to preserve their traditions. 13．电影《哪吒Ne Zha》票房大卖并成为中国文化输出的典范。(achieve) 【答案】The movie “Ne Zha” achieved great box office success and became a model of Chinese cultural output. 【详解】考查时态。表示“票房大卖”，结合提示词achieve，应用短语achieved great box office success，其中achieve表示“取得”，box office success表示“票房成功”；表示“成为中国文化输出的典范”，短语为became a model of Chinese cultural output，model意为“典范”，Chinese cultural output表示“中国文化输出”，句子主语为The movie “Ne Zha”，时态为一般过去时。故翻译为The movie “Ne Zha” achieved great box office success and became a model of Chinese cultural output. 14.让科学家们忧心忡忡的是可再生能源虽被看好，但开发和运用速度尚未跟上需求。（concern） 【答案】What concerns scientists is that although renewable energy is promising, its development and application have not kept up with demand. 【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句、让步状语从句和动词短语。根据句意，“让科学家们忧心忡忡”是现在的状态，主句使用一般现在时；“开发和运用速度尚未跟上”是从过去持续到现在的情况，从句使用现在完成时。表示“让科学家们忧心忡忡的”为主语从句作主语，从句中缺少主语，指事情，所以使用连接代词what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写，表示“忧心忡忡”为concern，主语What视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，“科学家们”为scientists作宾语，所以主语从句可译为What concerns scientists；表示“是”为be动词，用单数形式，所以be动词为is作主句的谓语；表示“可再生能源虽被看好，但开发和运用速度尚未跟上需求”为表语从句，表语从句中不缺句子成分，且句意完整，所以使用连接词that引导表语从句，无实义；表语从句中包含although引导的让步状语从句，表示“可再生能源”为renewable energy作主语，“被看好”为is promising作谓语，所以，状语从句可译为although renewable energy is promising；表示“开发和运用”为development and application作表语从句中主句的主语，表示“尚未跟上”为现在完成时的否定形式have not kept up with作谓语，表示“需求”为demand作宾语，所以表语从句中的主句可译为its development and application have not kept up with demand。故翻译为What concerns scientists is that although renewable energy is promising, its development and application have not kept up with demand. 15.豆腐营养丰富且容易消化，老少咸宜。(perfect) 【答案】Tofu is rich in nutrition and easy to digest, and it is perfect for both the old and the young. 【详解】考查时态、形容词短语和并列结构。“豆腐营养丰富且容易消化”处理为第一分句，主语“豆腐”用Tofu，“营养丰富且容易消化”可译为be rich in nutrition and easy to digest，这里描述客观事实用一般现在时，系动词用is；“老少咸宜”理解为“对老年人和年轻人都是最佳的”，可处理为第二分句，补充主语it，译为it is perfect for both the old and the young，与第一分句之间是并列关系，用连词and连接。故翻译为Tofu is rich in nutrition and easy to digest, and it is perfect for both the old and the young. 16.由于不同的语言和文化背景，人们在交流时关注的重心往往大不相同。(depending) 【答案】Depending on different languages and cultural backgrounds, people often focus on different aspects during communication. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词、固定短语。表示“人们”用people，作主语。表示“关注”用固定短语focus on，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语people为复数，谓语用动词原形。表示“经常”用often，作状语，修饰focus on。表示“不同的方面”用different aspects，作focus on的宾语。表示“交流时”用during communication。表示“依赖于，取决于”用固定短语depend on，此处用现在分词作独立结构；句首单词首字母大写。表示“不同的语言和文化背景”用different languages and cultural backgrounds，作Depending on的宾语。故翻译为Depending on different languages and cultural backgrounds, people often focus on different aspects during communication.   17.此外，何不在比赛前轮流上台练习相关诗歌?(take turns to do) 【答案】Besides, why not take turns to practice the relevant poems on the stage before the competition? 【详解】考查固定句型和短语。“此外”为besides，作状语，修饰整个句子。“何不”为why not+动词原形。“轮流做某事”为take turns to do sth, “上台练习相关诗歌”为practice the relevant poems on the stage。“比赛前”为before the competition。故翻译为：Besides, why not take turns to practice the relevant poems on the stage before the competition? 18.幸运的是，受到同学们的鼓励，我开始迈出第一步。 【答案】Fortunately, with encouragement from my classmates, I began to take the first step. 【详解】考查副词、名词、时态、不定式。表示“幸运的是”用fortunately，作状语，修饰句子，位于句首，首字母大写；表示“带有，具有”用with；表示“鼓励”用encouragement，作with的宾语；表示“来自”用介词from；表示“我的同学们”用my classmates，作from的宾语；表示“我”用I，作主语；“我开始迈出第一步”描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用动词begin“开始”的过去式；表示“迈出第一步”用take the first step，用动词的不定式，作began的宾语。故翻译为：Fortunately, with encouragement from my classmates, I began to take the first step. 19.尽管人工智能生成的内容能大大提高工作效率，但同时也需要使用者具别对错和批判性思考的能力。(require) 【答案】Although the content generated by artificial intelligence can greatly improve work efficiency, it requires users to have the ability to distinguish right from wrong and think critically. 【详解】考查动词、状语从句、宾语从句和时态。“尽管人工智能生成的内容能大大提高工作效率”是让步状语从句，用从属连词although引导从句，主语“人工智能生成的内容”译为the content generated by artificial intelligence，其中generated by artificial intelligence是过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动，“大大提高”译为greatly improve，在情态动词can后谓语动词improve用原形，宾语“工作效率”用名词词组work efficiency；“但同时也需要使用者具别对错和批判性思考的能力”是主句，补充主语it，指代前文“the content generated by artificial intelligence”，谓语“需要”用动词require，描述客观事实用一般现在时态，主语是单数代词，谓语用单数形式requires，宾语“使用者”用名词users，因require sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，所以宾语补足语“具别对错和批判性思考的能力”用不定式短语to have the ability to distinguish right from wrong and think critically表示。综上，全句译为：Although the content generated by artificial intelligence can greatly improve work efficiency, it requires users to have the ability to distinguish right from wrong and think critically. 20.人们如何平衡工作和生活将对他们的幸福感产生重要影响。(difference)   【答案】How people balance their work and life will make a difference to their happiness. 【详解】考查时态和主语从句。句子为主从复合句，主句中主语为“人们如何平衡工作和生活”，应用how引导该主语从句，表示“如何”，位于句首首字母大写，从句中主语“人们”people，“平衡工作与生活”balance their work and life，描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，people作主语，谓语balance用原形，主句谓语“对……产生重要影响”make a difference to，主句描述将来的动作或状态，应用一般将来时will do，“他们的幸福感”their happiness，作介词to的宾语。故翻译为How people balance their work and life will make a difference to their happiness. 三、（2025下·安徽合肥·高二统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 People around the globe have been mourning (哀悼) the death of Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, whose lifelong research in hybrid rice helps feed more people around the world. Born in Beijing in 1930, Yuan devoted his entire life 1 the study of hybrid rice. With his tireless efforts, he finally 2 (overcome) numerous difficulties and cultivated the world’s first hybrid rice strain in 1973, 3 was planted first in Hunan province in the following year. It was the first time that a hybrid rice 4 (use) for farming. Having spent over five decades in hybrid rice research, Yuan has helped China work a great wonder, 5 (feed) nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with 6 (little) than 9 percent of the world’s total farmland. Moreover, Yuan’s team has also offered training 7 (course) in dozens of countries to help them address the problem of food 8 (short). However, 9 impressed the world most was that despite such great contributions he made, he still considered 10 (he) as a farmer and cared little about money or fame. Yuan is surely a great figure to be remembered. 【答案】 1．to 2．overcame 3．which 4．had been used 5．feeding 6．less 7．courses 8．shortage 9．what 10．himself 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了中国科学家袁隆平的卓越贡献与崇高精神。 1．考查介词。句意：袁于1930年出生于北京，一生致力于杂交水稻的研究。devote one’s life to...是固定短语，意为“致力于”，因此空格处用介词to，故填to。 2．考查时态。句意：在他的不懈努力下，他终于克服重重困难，于1973年培育出世界上第一个杂交水稻品种，并于次年在湖南省率先种植。由and cultivated可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式overcame，与cultivated并列作谓语动词，故填overcame。 3．考查定语从句。句意：在他的不懈努力下，他终于克服重重困难，于1973年培育出世界上第一个杂交水稻品种，并于次年在湖南省率先种植。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词the world’s first hybrid rice strain是物，因此用which引导定语从句，故填which。 4．考查时态和被动语态。句意：这是杂交水稻第一次被用于农业。It was the first time that sb. had done是固定短语，意为“这是某人第一次做某事”，a hybrid rice与use之间是被动关系，因此空格处用过去完成时的被动语态had been used。故填had been used。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：袁花了50多年的时间研究杂交水稻，帮助中国创造了一个伟大的奇迹，用不到世界总农田的9%养活了世界近五分之一的人口。句中谓语是has helped，空格处用非谓语动词，Yuan和feed之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词作状语，故填feeding。 6．考查比较级。句意：袁花了50多年的时间研究杂交水稻，帮助中国创造了一个伟大的奇迹，用不到世界总农田的9%养活了世界近五分之一的人口。由than可知，空格处用比较级less，故填less。 7．考查名词的复数。句意：此外，袁的团队还在几十个国家提供培训课程，帮助他们解决粮食短缺问题。course是可数名词，不止一个，因此用复数形式表示泛指，故填courses。 8．考查名词。句意：此外，袁的团队还在几十个国家提供培训课程，帮助他们解决粮食短缺问题。介词of后用动词短语food shortage作宾语，意为“粮食短缺”。故填shortage。 9．考查主语从句。句意：然而，令世人印象最深刻的是，尽管他做出了如此巨大的贡献，他仍然认为自己是一个农民，不关心金钱和名誉。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“令世人印象最深刻的是”，因此用what引导主语从句，故填what。 10．考查反身代词。句意：然而，令世人印象最深刻的是，尽管他做出了如此巨大的贡献，他仍然认为自己是一个农民，不关心金钱和名誉。主语he和宾语指同一个人，用反身代词himself作宾语，故填himself。 四、阅读理解 （2025下·云南昆明·高二统考期末）Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) is often recognized as the founder of modern physics, perhaps even the father of modern science itself. But this popular image overlooks an important fact of his Renaissance (文艺复兴) personality: Galileo the artist. Art and science have always been connected, and Galileo proved how they can inspire and inform one another. In addition to being a skilled observer and a sharp thinker, he was a talented artist, trained in cutting-edge perspective (透视法) techniques pioneered by his fellow Italian artists. His artistic sensibility played a key role in his scientific understanding, leading some 400 years ago to a new picture of the universe. Much of this sensibility came from his training at the Florentine Design Academy, where he was exposed to the latest artistic techniques. This specialized knowledge paid off when Galileo first aimed his telescope at the Moon. While light and dark areas on the Moon were visible to the eye, his telescope discovered what appeared to be mountains and valleys. So, he drew what he saw and tried to make sense of it. “He must have drawn on the tricks of perspective that he had learned years before,” says Eileen Reeves, a professor at Princeton University. For Galileo, “drawing was a means of discovery, and a form of thinking.” Galileo paid particular attention to the features visible along the terminator (明暗界线), the line that divides the light and dark parts of the Moon. He noticed how the peaks of mountains on the dark side were lit up first, with the sunlight slowly making its way down their sides. And only someone as skilled as Galileo could see that mountains on the Moon were just like the mountains here on Earth — once he understood the viewpoint from which they were being seen. 1．What aspect of Galileo is highlighted in the text? A．His contributions to modern physics. B．His influence during the Renaissance. C．His identity as both scientist and artist. D．His sensitivity to scientific understanding. 2．How did Galileo better understand the Moon’s surface? A．By drawing with perspective skills. B．By using the most advanced telescope. C．By reviewing literature on the Moon. D．By applying knowledge of astronomy. 3．What does paragraph 4 indicate about Galileo? A．He linked imagination with science. B．He received help from Italian artists. C．He researched the movement of light. D．He applied art to scientific observation. 4．Which word best describes Galileo’s character? A．Grateful. B．Innovative. C．Ambitious. D．Independent. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍伽利略作为科学家与艺术家的双重身份及其艺术素养对科学研究的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) is often recognized as the founder of modern physics, perhaps even the father of modern science itself. But this popular image overlooks an important fact of his Renaissance (文艺复兴) personality: Galileo the artist. (伽利略・伽利莱（1564-1642）通常被认为是现代物理学的奠基人，甚至可能是现代科学之父。但这种广为流传的形象忽略了他文艺复兴时期人格中一个重要的方面：作为艺术家的伽利略。)”以及第二段中的“Art and science have always been connected, and Galileo proved how they can inspire and inform one another.(艺术和科学一直是相互联系的，伽利略证明了它们如何相互启发和影响。)”可知，文章强调了伽利略既是科学家也是艺术家的身份。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“While light and dark areas on the Moon were visible to the eye, his telescope discovered what appeared to be mountains and valleys. So, he drew what he saw and tried to make sense of it. “He must have drawn on the tricks of perspective that he had learned years before,” says Eileen Reeves, a professor at Princeton University. 虽然肉眼能看到月球上的明暗区域，但伽利略通过望远镜发现了看似山脉和峡谷的地貌。于是，他把所见画了下来，并试图理解这些景象。普林斯顿大学教授艾琳・里夫斯说：“他一定运用了多年前学到的透视技巧。”)”可知，伽利略通过运用透视技巧绘画来更好地理解月球表面。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Galileo paid particular attention to the features visible along the terminator (明暗界线), the line that divides the light and dark parts of the Moon. He noticed how the peaks of mountains on the dark side were lit up first, with the sunlight slowly making its way down their sides. (伽利略特别关注明暗界线，即月球上分隔明亮部分与黑暗部分的界线，沿线的可见特征。他观察到，黑暗一侧的山峰顶部最先被照亮，随后阳光缓缓沿着山体一侧向下蔓延。)”可知，伽利略在观察月球时，细致关注光线等细节，这体现了他将艺术中的观察技巧应用到科学观察中。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，伽利略将艺术中的透视技巧运用到对月球的科学观察与研究中，打破了艺术与科学的界限，开创了新的研究方式，这体现了他具有创新精神。因此，“Innovative（创新的）”最能描述他的性格。故选B项。 五、七选五 （2025上·山东·高三统考开学考试）SMART Goal The SMART goal is one of the most valuable methods used by high achievers today to realize their life goals. SMART is an acronym (首字母缩略词) that stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-bound. 1 Every goal ought to be specific. Being clear about your goals and expectations is the first step in reaching them. 2 For example, “I will start planning toward retirement” is vague (含糊的). Instead, you could say, “I will start planning toward retirement by building up a nest egg (储备金).” This is more specific. When you are specific about your goal, it’s easier for you to identify all its components and work accordingly toward achieving it. 3 If you can’t measure something, you can’t tell if you’re performing well or if you’re off track. Setting measurable goals lets you evaluate your performance and stay on track. Goals should be achievable and realistic. 4 It’s also important not to get carried away and use unreachable goals as motivators. Allow yourself to feel motivated by the satisfaction of achievement and real progress. Each goal has to be time-bound. 5 Actually, it’s incredibly important to make your goals time-bound. The act of having deadlines set for your goals is a motivation that drives you into action. Without a deadline, it is not possible for you to know if you’re making headway with your goals. A．Your goals must be measurable. B．That is because your goals are not specific enough. C．It is the final letter of SMART that is often ignored. D．When goals are too wide or vague, they are easy to miss. E．To make your SMART goal work, use the following tips. F．You may wonder if this is achievable in the given time frame. G．It’s important to set goals that are within realistic capabilities. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．A 4．G 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。SMART目标是当今成功人士用来实现人生目标的最有价值的方法之一。文章解释了SMART的含义以及如何使用SMART目标方法。 1．根据上文中的“SMART is an acronym (首字母缩略词) that stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-bound.(SMART是具体的、可衡量的、可实现的、现实的和有时间限制的缩写)”并结合下文内容可知，空处承上启下，引出下面具体解释的内容。故E项“为了使你的SMART原则奏效，使用以下技巧”符合语境，引起下文，下文介绍了几个技巧。故选E。 2．根据本段主旨句“Every goal ought to be specific.(每个目标都应该是具体的)”并结合下文中的““I will start planning toward retirement” is vague (含糊的).(“我将开始为退休做计划”是含糊的)”可知，空处应该讲的是设置太宽泛或者模糊的目标的不好之处。故D项“当目标太宽泛或模糊时，它们容易被忽略”符合语境。故选D。 3．根据后文“If you can’t measure something, you can’t tell if you’re performing well or if you’re off track. Setting measurable goals lets you evaluate your performance and stay on track.(如果你无法衡量某件事，你就无法判断自己是表现良好还是偏离了轨道。设定可衡量的目标可以让你评估自己的表现，并保持在正确的轨道上)”可知，本段主要讲设置可以衡量的目标的必要性，故A项“你的目标必须是可衡量的”符合语境。故选A。 4．本段主旨句是“Goals should be achievable and realistic.(目标应该是可实现的和现实的)”以及后文“It’s also important not to get carried away and use unreachable goals as motivators. Allow yourself to feel motivated by the satisfaction of achievement and real progress.(同样重要的是，不要忘乎所以，把遥不可及的目标作为激励。让自己为取得的成就和真正的进步而感到满足)”空处应该讲的是设置现实的目标的重要性。故G项“设定在实际的能力范围内的目标是重要的”符合语境。故选G。 5．本段的主旨句是“Each goal has to be time-bound.(每个目标都必须有时间限制)”以及后文“Actually, it’s incredibly important to make your goals time-bound.(事实上，让你的目标有时限是非常重要的)”可知，本段主要是在解释SMART最后一个字母的含义，故C项“正是SMART的最后一个字母经常被忽略”照应段落主旨，符合语境。故选C。 六、完形填空 （2025下·上海·高三上海市川沙中学校考阶段练习）Insects are disappearing. The world has 25 per cent fewer insects now than in 1990．This includes those we depend on to pollinate (授粉) our crops and clean our rivers. If we don’t solve this problem very soon, some species will 1 . There are many causes for the insect decline, but pesticides (杀虫剂) are a major part of the problem. Those used today are 2 and up to 10000 times more poisonous than some that were banned in the 1970s. Adding to the problem is that these pesticides are now applied to crops as preventive measures, whether pests are 3 or not. Overall, the amount of insecticide applied to the land is 4 , but this is a very misleading statistic. A recent paper found that, between 2005 and 2015, there was a 40 percent reduction in the amount of pesticide applied to crops measured by weight. 5 , the global toxicity (毒性) of treated land to pollinating insects has more than doubled in the same period. Governments and regulating agencies are aware of the problem, and some have moved to 6 the use of certain pesticides outdoors in an attempt to help bees survive. But the pesticides used instead are just as hazardous. One 7 approach is to use pesticide-free pest control methods, referred to as integrated pest management (IPM). Having been around for decades, they offer effective crop protection and include methods such as planting resistant varieties, 8 pest habitats and releasing natural enemies of pests. But their adoption has been incredibly 9 , because spraying pesticides is viewed as an easy option. As a result, IPM methods are 10 seldom used today. Neither changing insecticides nor adopting IPM is a quick 11 . We argue instead that we need a gradual 12 in focus, away from killing pests and towards protecting crops. By using the 13 dose (剂量) we need to protect crops, we could reduce the amount of insecticide to a small portion of what is used today. Farmers would benefit from these changes. 14 , they could spend less money on pesticides and improve crop production by keeping healthy pollinator insects about. It is also a move that could win us time to make food production more 15 and integrate farmlands well with the natural ecosystems we crucially depend on. And that will allow insects to recover in the end. 1．A．come out B．leave out C．die out D．set out 2．A．efficient B．economical C．persisting D．temporary 3．A．energetic B．healthy C．present D．current 4．A．decreasing B．increasing C．multiplying D．rising 5．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Furthermore D．However 6．A．ban B．embrace C．permit D．make 7．A．highly-recommended B．well-received C．widely-applied D．over-estimated 8．A．harvesting B．producing C．removing D．locating 9．A．slow B．rapid C．simple D．popular 10．A．willingly B．luckily C．purposefully D．unfortunately 11．A．problem B．decision C．action D．fix 12．A．progress B．improvement C．process D．shift 13．A．medium B．heavy C．minimal D．high 14．A．All in all B．First of all C．In all D．After all 15．A．efficient B．nutritious C．profitable D．sustainable 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．D 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述昆虫数量减少的现状、原因及解决办法。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果我们不尽快解决这个问题，一些物种将会灭绝。A. come out出来，出版；B. leave out遗漏，省去；C. die out灭绝；D. set out出发，开始。根据前文“Insects are disappearing.”可知，昆虫正在消失，如果不解决，一些物种将会灭绝。故选C。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在使用的杀虫剂持久性更强，毒性比20世纪70年代被禁止的一些杀虫剂高达10000倍。A. efficient有效率的；B. economical经济的；C. persisting持久的；D. temporary暂时的。根据后文“and up to 10000 times more poisonous than some that were banned in the 1970s.”可知，现在的杀虫剂毒性更强且更持久。故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：使问题更加严重的是，这些杀虫剂现在被用作农作物的预防措施，无论害虫是否存在。A. energetic精力充沛的；B. healthy健康的；C. present存在的；D. current当前的。根据前文“as preventive measures”可知，这些杀虫剂是作为预防措施使用的，不管害虫是否存在都会使用。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，施用于土地的杀虫剂数量正在减少，但这是一个非常误导性的统计数字。A. decreasing减少；B. increasing增加；C. multiplying繁殖，乘；D. rising上升。根据后文“A recent paper found that, between 2005 and 2015, there was a 40 percent reduction in the amount of pesticide applied to crops measured by weight.”和“the global toxicity (毒性) of treated land to pollinating insects has more than doubled in the same period.”可知，虽然按重量计算，施用于农作物的杀虫剂数量减少了40%，但总体毒性却增加了，说明这里说的是数量在减少，但情况并不乐观。故选A。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在同一时期，经处理的土地对传粉昆虫的全球毒性却增加了一倍多。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover而且；C. Furthermore此外；D. However然而。根据前文“there was a 40 percent reduction in the amount of pesticide applied to crops measured by weight.”和后文“the global toxicity (毒性) of treated land to pollinating insects has more than doubled in the same period.”可知，前文说杀虫剂数量减少，这里说毒性增加，是转折关系。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：政府和监管机构已经意识到了这个问题，并且一些机构已经采取行动禁止在户外使用某些杀虫剂，试图帮助蜜蜂生存下来。A. ban禁止；B. embrace拥抱，接受；C. permit允许；D. make制作。根据后文“the use of certain pesticides outdoors in an attempt to help bees survive.”可知，为了帮助蜜蜂生存，一些机构禁止在户外使用某些杀虫剂。故选A。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一种高度推荐的方法是使用无农药的害虫控制方法，即综合害虫管理(IPM)。A. highly-recommended高度推荐的；B. well-received受到好评的；C. widely-applied广泛应用的；D. over-estimated高估的。根据后文“Having been around for decades, they offer effective crop protection and include methods such as planting resistant varieties,  ___8___  pest habitats and releasing natural enemies of pests.”可知，这种方法已经存在了几十年，且能提供有效的作物保护，所以是被高度推荐的。故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们已经存在了几十年，提供了有效的作物保护，包括种植抗虫品种、清除害虫栖息地以及释放害虫的天敌等方法。A. harvesting收获；B. producing生产；C. removing移除，清除；D. locating定位。根据前文“pest control methods”可知，这是害虫控制方法，所以应该是清除害虫栖息地。故选C。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是它们的采用速度非常缓慢，因为喷洒杀虫剂被视为一种简单的方法。A. slow缓慢的；B. rapid快速的；C. simple简单的；D. popular受欢迎的。根据后文“because spraying pesticides is viewed as an easy option.”可知，因为喷洒杀虫剂被视为一种简单的方法，所以综合害虫管理方法的采用速度非常缓慢。故选A。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，不幸的是，综合害虫管理方法今天很少被使用。A. willingly愿意地；B. luckily幸运地；C. purposefully有目的地；D. unfortunately不幸地。根据前文“their adoption has been incredibly slow”可知，综合害虫管理方法的采用速度非常缓慢，所以今天很少被使用，这是不幸的。故选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论是更换杀虫剂还是采用综合害虫管理都不是快速的解决办法。A. problem问题；B. decision决定；C. action行动；D. fix解决办法。根据前文“Neither changing insecticides nor adopting IPM”可知，这里说的是更换杀虫剂和采用综合害虫管理都不是快速的解决办法。故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，我们认为我们需要逐渐转变焦点，从杀死害虫转向保护作物。A. progress进步；B. improvement改进；C. process过程；D. shift转变。根据后文“away from killing pests and towards protecting crops.”可知，这里说的是需要逐渐转变焦点。故选D。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过使用我们保护作物所需的最小剂量，我们可以将杀虫剂的使用量减少到目前使用量的一小部分。A. medium中等的；B. heavy重的；C. minimal最小的；D. high高的。根据后文“we could reduce the amount of insecticide to a small portion of what is used today.”可知，将杀虫剂的使用量减少到目前使用量的一小部分，所以应该是使用最小剂量的杀虫剂。故选C。 14．考查介词短语辨析。句意：首先，他们可以少花些钱买杀虫剂，并通过保持健康的传粉昆虫来提高作物产量。A. All in all总而言之；B. First of all首先；C. In all总共；D. After all毕竟。根据后文“they could spend less money on pesticides and improve crop production by keeping healthy pollinator insects about.”可知，根据后文“It is also a move that could win us time to make food production more  ___15___  and integrate farmlands well with the natural ecosystems we crucially depend on.”可知，后面列举了其它的好处，这里说首先是在杀虫剂上花费更少。故选B。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这也是一个可以为我们赢得时间使粮食生产更加可持续，并将农田与我们所依赖的自然生态系统很好地融合在一起的举措。A. efficient有效率的；B. nutritious有营养的；C. profitable有利可图的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据后文“and integrate farmlands well with the natural ecosystems we crucially depend on.”可知，这里说的是使粮食生产更加可持续。故选D。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$