专题13 定语从句-2025年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记（通用版）

2025年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记（通用版） 专题13 定语从句 内容导航 1. 解题方法 2. 复习提升 解题方法 一、先判断从句类型，确定是否为定语从句 定语从句需满足两个条件： 1. 从句前有先行词（名词/代词）； 2. 从句缺少成分（关系词在从句中充当主语、宾语、状语等）。 例：The book that I bought yesterday is interesting.（先行词the book，从句缺宾语，用that） 二、核心技巧：根据先行词和从句成分选关系词 1. 先行词指人 - 作主语：用who/that。 例：The man who/that is standing there is my teacher. - 作宾语：用who/whom/that（可省略）。 例：The girl (whom/who/that) I met is Lucy. - 作定语：用whose（表示“谁的”）。 例：The boy whose mother is a doctor is my classmate. 2. 先行词指物 - 作主语/宾语：用which/that。 例：The movie which/that we saw last night was fantastic.（作宾语可省略） - 作定语：用whose（=of which）。 例：The house whose windows are blue is mine.（=The house of which the windows are blue） - 作状语：用where（地点）、when（时间）、why（原因）。 - 先行词是地点，且从句缺地点状语，用where。 例：This is the school where I studied ten years ago.（=in which） - 先行词是时间，且从句缺时间状语，用when。 例：I remember the day when we met for the first time.（=on which） - 先行词是reason，从句缺原因状语，用why。 例：Do you know the reason why he left?（=for which） 三、避开常见陷阱：易混关系词辨析 1. that vs which - 只能用that的情况： - 先行词是不定代词（something, all, nothing等）； - 先行词被序数词/最高级修饰（the first, the best等）； - 先行词被the only/the very/the same修饰； - 先行词既有人又有物。 例：This is the only book that I need.（不用which） - 只能用which的情况： - 先行词是物，且位于介词后（介词+which）； - 非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开，不能用that）。 例：The house, which is old, was built in 1990.（非限制性，不用that） 2. 关系副词vs关系代词 - 关键：看从句是否缺主语或宾语。 - 若从句缺主语/宾语，用关系代词（who/which/that）； - 若从句不缺主宾，缺状语，用关系副词（where/when/why）。 例： - This is the place that/which we visited last year.（从句缺visited的宾语，用关系代词） - This is the place where we worked last year.（从句不缺主宾，缺地点状语，用where） 四、解题步骤：三步法快速定位答案 1. 找先行词：确定先行词是人还是物，是地点/时间/原因等。 2. 分析从句成分：判断关系词在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语。 3. 排除错误选项：根据规则排除不符合的关系词，如介词后不用that，非限制性从句不用that等。 五、真题示例演练 题目：The man ______ is talking to my teacher is my father. A. who B. which C. whom D. what 解析： 1. 先行词the man（指人），排除B（which指物）、D（what不引导定语从句）； 2. 从句缺主语（______ is talking），排除C（whom作宾语），故选A。 掌握以上技巧，结合真题练习，就能快速攻克定语从句的考点啦！考试时记得先划分句子结构，再按步骤选关系词哦~ 复习提升 一、单项选择 1．Michael will never forget the man ________ he met at the airport. A．that B．which C．what D．who 2．Jack Brown still lives in the old house ________ his father gave him. A．who B．when C．which D．where 3．—Nowadays, WeChat is very popular among friends. —Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ________ people like. A．that B．which C．who D．whom 4．But ice sculpture is not only for chefs! Today there are many artists ________ create sculptures out of ice just because they enjoy it. A．who B．whose C．which D．how 5．Our parents often talk about the people and the things ________ they can remember in their middle school. A．who B．whom C．which D．that 6．Don’t you know Neil Armstrong ________ was the first man to walk on the moon? A．which B．whether C．who D．/ 7．This is the book ________ I bought yesterday. A．who B．which C．what D．whom 8．The house ________ stands at the end of the street, with a beautiful garden in front, belongs to my grandparents. A．which B．who C．what D．where 9．—Have you read the article ________ tells the future of humans? —Not yet. I’m searching the Internet. A．who B．which C．what D．/ 10．The painting Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is an amazing artwork ________ shows the lively scenes of busy streets in Bianjing during the Northern Song Dynasty. A．which B．who C．what D．when 11．The book tells the story of a girl called Mulan ________ father was too sick to fight as a soldier. A．who B．whose C．that D．which 12．The museum ________ we visited last month ________ over 10,000 visitors during the Labor Day holiday. A．where; received B．which; has received C．who; receives D．what; will receive 13．—What a pleasant trip to Yangzhou ! —Yes, I will never forget the friends and places of interest ________ I visited here. A．who B．what C．which D．/ 14．The train G828 is the first direct high-speed train ________ connects Xi’an and Hong Kong. A．who B．when C．which D．that 15．Flammable ice (可燃冰) is a kind of new energy ________ produces less pollution. A．which B．what C．who D．when 16．Nowadays, AI is one of the most important technologies ________ are widely used in our life. A．that B．which C．who D．what 17．He thinks that his pet cat, ________ is very cute, can understand his feelings. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 18．Have you found the details of Yangliwei ________ you can use for your report? A．whom B．what C．which D．who 19．Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is a story ________ shows how much ancient people wanted to know about the world. A．which B．who C．what D．whose 20．The boy _________ is flying a kite on the playground is my little brother. A．which B．who C．where D．whom 21．Don’t care those ________ laugh at you. Pay more attention to improving yourself. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 22．—I want a partner to practice roller skating. —My friend is a person ______ skill is very great. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 23．We are interested in the people and places ________ he described in his letter. A．which B．who C．that D．where 24．—Have you met the volunteer ________ is organizing the community book drive? —Yes! She’s the one ________ idea won the “Best Youth Project” award last year. A．which; whose B．that; who C．that; whose D．who; which 25．Have you ever read the book ________ I bought yesterday? A．who B．what C．that D．whom 26．Nowadays, AI is one of the most important technologies ________ are widely used to change and improve people’s lives. A．that B．which C．who D．what 27．The book tells the story of a girl called Mulan ________ joins the army instead of her father. A．whose B．who C．whom D．which 28．The panda is a kind of animal ________ can be found only in China. A．who B．whose C．where D．which 29．The woman ________ is standing under the tree is my aunt. A．who B．whose C．which D．whom 30．Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need. A．what B．who C．whom D．which 31．Michael will never forget the village ________ he was born. A．that B．which C．what D．where 32．I didn’t see the man ________ stole my handbag clearly. A．which B．when C．where D．who 33．The cultural heritage exhibition, ________ features Hui embroidery and bamboo carving, attracted thousands of visitors. A．which B．who C．where D．when 34．If you want to improve your study grades. You must know two kinds of education. One is taught by others, and ________ is more important, ________ he learns by himself. A．other; that B．the other; which C．other; which D．the others; that 35．The Hongmeng OS, ______ offers seamless connectivity between devices, is popular among tech enthusiasts. A．which B．who C．what D．where 36．Many young people, most of ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A．whom B．which C．who D．that 37．Huawei Mate X is a 5G smart phone allows users to download a movie in just several seconds． A．what B．which C．whom D．who 38．He seems not to have grasped ________ I meant, ________ greatly upsets me. A．what; who B．that; that C．what; which D．how; which 39．Do you know the city, Kunming, __________ is the capital city of Yunan? A．where B．which C．who D．whose 40．The teacher, ________ is well­-known for his kindness and patience, encourages us to be confident in solving problems. A．that B．who C．which D．Whom 二、用that, which, who完成下列句子 1．Spaceships is a vehicle are now mainly controlled by electronic. 2．Liu Yang is an astronaut was the first woman astronaut to travel into space. 3．This is the pen I used to write with, my grandfather gave to me. 4．In all the places of interest, there are things tourists should not miss. 5．Mr. Li is a man means what he says. 6．This is the house in the girl lives. 7．Great changes have taken place here. Everything comes into my eyes is so new to me. 8．They are talking about the greatest inventions have made a big difference to our daily life. 9． China is the first nation sent Chang’e IV to the far side of the moon. 10．—How exciting the speech is! —Pretty good! This is the best speech I’ve ever heard. 三、阅读短文，从方框中选择恰当的关系代词填空 (可重复使用，能省略时加括号)。 Antarctica is mainly known for the penguins and seals 1 live there, but do you know dinosaur fossils (化石) have also been discovered there? In 2003 scientists discovered the remains of two dinosaurs 2 lived there millions of years ago. The first discovery was a plant­eating dinosaur 3 is nearly 200 million years old. The parts of the dinosaur 4 were examined suggest that it was 9 meters long and 2 meters tall. Dinosaurs 5 have been found in other parts of the world are as long as 30 meters, however. So this dinosaur, 6 bones have excited researchers, was rather small. On the other side of Antarctica, some scientists discovered dinosaur bones by accident. The second dinosaur was a meat­eater 7 stood about two meters tall. Scientists 8 were sheltering (躲避) from bad weather found the bones near the sea. The dinosaur fossils 9 they discovered were next to fossils of sea life. The scientists 10 made the discovery got a lot of money as a prize. Dinosaurs could not survive (生存) in cold conditions, but in their time, Antarctica was different from now. It was warm and wet. 参考答案 一、 1．D 【详解】句意：迈克尔永远不会忘记他在机场遇到的那个男人。 考查定语从句关系词的用法。that先行词指人或物；which先行词指物；what不引导定语从句；who先行词指人。根据句子中的“the man”可知，此处修饰的是人，且在句中作宾语，who与that均可，这种情况下who是最佳答案。故选D。 2．C 【详解】句意：Jack Brown仍然住在他父亲给他的这栋老房子里。 考查定语从句关系词的用法。who先行词指人；when关系副词，指时间；which先行词指物；where关系副词，指地点。根据“Jack Brown still lives in the old house…”可知，先行词是house，用关系代词which作宾语，指物。故选C。 3．A 【详解】句意：——如今，微信在朋友中很受欢迎。——是的。它似乎是人们喜欢的最好的交流方式。 考查定语从句引导词辨析。that引导词，先行词指人或物；which引导词，先行词指物；who引导词，先行词指人；whom引导词，先行词指人，作宾语。根据“the best way of communication…people like”可知，先行词way被最高级the best修饰，且引导词在从句中作宾语，此时只能用that。故选A。 4．A 【详解】句意：但冰雕不只是厨师的专长！如今有许多艺术家，他们用冰创作雕塑，只是因为他们热爱这件事。 考查定语从句关系代词。who指代人，在从句中作主语/宾语；whose表所属关系，后接名词；which指代物，在从句中作主语/宾语；how不引导定语从句。先行词是artists，表示人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用who。故选A。 5．D 【详解】句意：我们的父母经常谈论他们在中学时期记得的人和事。 考查定语从句。who谁，先行词指人；whom谁，引导定语从句时，在从句中作宾语，先行词指人；which哪一个，先行词指物；that那个，先行词指人或物。先行词是“the people and the things”，表示“人和事”，包含“人”和“物”，故关系词应使用既可指人又可指物的“that”。故选D。 6．C 【详解】句意：你不知道Neil Armstrong是第一个登上月球的人吗？ 考查连词。which哪一个；whether是否；who谁；/不填。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为指人的“Neil Armstrong”，who符合。故选C。 7．B 【详解】句意：这是我昨天买的书。 考查定语从句。who谁，先行词是人；which哪一个，先行词是物；what什么，不能引导定语从句；whom谁，先行词是人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词“the book”是物，which符合。故选B。 8．A 【详解】句意：位于街尾的那座房子，前面有一个漂亮的花园，它属于我的祖父母。 考查定语从句的关系词。which关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；where关系副词，指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。根据句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是“The house”，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以应该用which来引导。故选A。 9．B 【详解】句意：——你读过那篇预测人类未来的文章了吗？——还没。我正在网上搜索。 考查定语从句。句子为定语从句，先行词为“the article”（物），且关系词在从句中作主语，应使用which或that。故选B。 10．A 【详解】句意：《清明上河图》是一幅令人惊叹的艺术作品，它展示了北宋时期汴京繁华街道的热闹景象。 考查定语从句引导词。which指物，作主语或宾语；who指人，作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；when指时间，作状语。根据“The painting Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is an amazing artwork…shows the lively scenes of busy streets in Bianjing during the Northern Song Dynasty.”可知，先行词artwork为物，且从句缺少主语，应用which引导。故选A。 11．B 【详解】句意：这本书讲述了一个叫木兰的女孩的故事，她的父亲病得太重，不能当兵打仗。 考查定语从句。根据“The book tells the story of a girl called Mulan...father was too sick to fight as a soldier.”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是“a girl”，指人，且在从句中作定语，修饰名词“father”，所以用whose引导定语从句。故选B。 12．B 【详解】句意：我们上个月参观的博物馆在劳动节假期期间接待了超过10,000名游客。 考查定语从句及时态。根据“The museum ... we visited”可知，句子是定语从句，先行词是The museum，指物，在从句中作宾语，用which/that引导定语从句；根据“over 10,000 visitors during the Labor Day holiday.”及语境可知，此处是强调过去的动作对现在产生的结果，应用现在完成时。故选B。 13．D 【详解】句意：——多么愉快的扬州之行！——是的，我永远不会忘记我在这里参观过的朋友和名胜。 考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，“... I visited here”是定语从句，先行词“the friends and places of interest”是人和物，因此要用that引导定语从句，that可省略。故选D。 14．D 【详解】句意：G828次列车是连接西安和香港的首趟直达高速列车。 考查定语从句关系词。who关系代词，指人；when关系副词，指时间；which关系代词，指物；that关系代词，指人或物。分析句子结构可知，本句是定语从句，先行词“train”指物，且先行词前有序数词“the first”修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，故只能用that引导定语从句。故选D。 15．A 【详解】句意：可燃冰是一种产生较少污染的新能源。 考查定语从句引导词。which哪个，先行词是物；what什么，不引导定语从句；who谁，先行词是人；when何时，先行词是时间。new energy为物，在定语从句“…produces less pollution”中作主语；which可引导定语从句，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。故选A。 16．A 【详解】句意：如今，人工智能是我们生活中广泛使用的最重要的技术之一。 考查定语从句。that那个，先行词指人或物；which哪一个，先行词指物；who谁，先行词指人；what什么，不引导定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为“technologies”，且有“the most important”最高级修饰，此时不能用which，要用that。故选A。 17．B 【详解】句意：他认为他的宠物猫，非常可爱的猫咪，能理解他的感受。 考查非限制性定语从句。who先行词指人；which先行词指物；whom先行词指人；whose先行词指人/物。根据“his pet cat”可知，先行词指物，空处作主语，关系代词用which指代。故选B。 18．C 【详解】句意：你找到你可以在报告中使用的杨利伟的详情了吗？ 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为“the details”，且关系词代替先行词，在从句中作宾语，应用which引导。故选C。 19．A 【详解】句意：《夸父逐日》是一个展现古代人有多渴望了解世界的故事。 考查定语从句。which哪一个；who谁；what什么；whose谁的。根据“Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is a story...shows how much ancient people wanted to know about the world.”可知，本句是一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词“story”。先行词“story”是物，“which”可以指代物“story”，在定语从句中充当主语，符合句子的语法和语义要求。故选A。 20．B 【详解】句意：在操场上放风筝的那个男孩是我的小弟弟。 考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，“... is flying a kite on the playground”是定语从句，修饰先行词The boy，指人，且在从句中作主语，因此用who引导定语从句。故选B。 21．A 【详解】句意：不要在意那些嘲笑你的人。多关注提升自己。 考查定语从句的关系词。who谁，主格；whom谁，宾格；which哪一个；what什么。先行词those指人，在从句中作主语，关系词可用who。故选A。 22．D 【详解】句意：——我想找一个搭档练习轮滑。——我的朋友是一个技术非常高超的人。 考查定语从句。which在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词指物；who在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词指人；whom在从句中作宾语，先行词指人；whose在从句中作定语，先行词指物或人。分析句子结构可知，先行词为指人的“a person”，根据“My friend is a person…skill is very great.”的语境可知，此处应用whose，修饰skill，作定语。故选D。 23．C 【详解】句意：我们对他在信中描述的人和地方感兴趣。 考查定语从句。which关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为物；who关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为人；that关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为人或物；where关系副词，引导定语从句，先行词为地点。本句的先行词“the people and places”是人和物，引导词只能用that。故选C。 24．C 【详解】句意：——你见过组织社区图书募捐活动的志愿者吗？——见过！去年，她的想法获得了“最佳青年项目”奖。 考查定语从句。which哪一个，先行词指物；that那个，先行词指人/物；who谁，先行词指人；whose谁的，先行词指人/物，在从句中作定语。分析句子结构可知，第一空所在句的先行词为指人的“volunteer”，且关系词代替先行词，在从句中作主语，that/who符合；第二空所在句的先行词为“the one”，指代前文提到的志愿者，此处需表示“她的主意”，whose符合。故选C。 25．C 【详解】句意：你读过我昨天买的那本书吗？ 考查定语从句。who先行词为人；what不引导定语从句；that先行词为人或物；whom先行词为人。分析句子可知，空处到句末为定语从句，修饰先行词“the book”，为物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that引导此定语从句。故选C。 26．A 【详解】句意：如今，人工智能是最重要的技术之一，被广泛用于改变和改善人们的生活。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是technologies，且有最高级修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故选A。 27．B 【详解】句意：这本书讲述了一个名叫花木兰的女孩代父从军的故事。 考查定语从句。whose谁的，表所属关系；who指代人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom指代人，在定语中作宾语；which代指物，哪一个。原句为复合句，主句是“The book tells the story of a girl called Mulan”，空格是定语从句修饰先行词是a girl，指人，在从句中作主语，因此关系词用who。故选B。 28．D 【详解】句意：熊猫是一种只能在中国找到的动物。 考查定语从句关系代词辨析。who指代人；whose表示所属关系；where表示地点；which指代物或动物。根据题干“The panda is a kind of animal ... can be found only in China”可知，空格处需要填入一个关系代词来指代前面的“animal”（动物），且引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，因此应选用指代物的关系代词“which”。故选D。 29．A 【详解】句意为：站在树下的那位女士是我阿姨。 考查定语从句引导词。who指代人，作主语；whose表示所属关系；which指物；whom在从句中作宾语。先行词“The woman”指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选A。 30．D 【详解】句意：对不起，我们没有你要的外套。 考查定语从句。what什么（不用于定语从句）；who代指人，作主宾；whom代指人，作宾；which代指物，作主宾。根据先行词“the coat”可知，是物，在从句中作“need”的宾语，所以此处是用“which”，故选D。 31．D 【详解】句意：迈克尔永远不会忘记他出生的那个村庄。 考查where引导限制性定语从句。这是一个定语从句，先行词是“the village”表示地点，应该用关系副词“where”，在定语从句中作地点状语。故选D。 32．D 【详解】句意：我没有清楚地看到偷我手提包的那个人。 考查定语从句。which哪个；when什么时候；where哪里；who谁。根据“I didn’t see the man...stole my handbag clearly.”可知，此处为定语从句，先行词the man为人，用who连接，在从句中作主语。故选D。 33．A 【详解】句意：这场以徽绣和竹雕为特色的文化遗产展览吸引了成千上万的游客。 考查定语从句。which用于指代物或事；who用于指代人；where用于指代地点；when用于指代时间。此句为非限制性定语从句，句中需要填入一个关系代词，指代先行词The cultural heritage exhibition。先行词为事，用which。故选A。 34．B 【详解】句意：如果你想提高学习成绩，你必须了解两种教育。一种是由他人教授的，另一种更重要，是他自己学习的。 考查不定代词和关系代词的用法。首先，句子中提到“two kinds of education”，因此第二种教育应使用the other“两者之中的另一个”来指代，one…the other…“一个……，另一个……”。其次，第二个空需要一个关系代词来引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the other，因此应使用which。故选B。 35．A 【详解】句意：提供设备间无缝连接的鸿蒙操作系统深受科技爱好者的欢迎。 考查定语从句。which指代物；who指代人；what不引导定语从句；where指代地点。根据“The Hongmeng OS…offers seamless connectivity between devices,”可知是描述鸿蒙操作系统的特性，鸿蒙操作系统是物，故选A。 36．A 【详解】句意：许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好的教育，前往偏远地区追逐自己的梦想。 考查定语从句。whom关系代词，指代人，作宾语；which关系代词，指代物，作宾语；who关系代词，指代人，作主语或宾语；that关系代词，指代人或，作主语或宾语。此处是定语从句，先行词young people指年轻人，介词of后接whom。故选A。 37．B 【详解】句意：华为Mate X是一个用户只需要几秒就可以下载一部电影的5G手机。 考查定语从句。根据句子结构，空格处引导的是一个定语从句，what不能引导定语从句，who/whom的先行词指人；先行词是phone，指物，可以用关系词which/that，先行词phone在定语从句中作主语，所以关系词可以用which或that。根据选项，只有B是正确的。故选B。 【点睛】定语从句的关系词是初中英语常考的一个考点。如何选择关系词，首先判断句中的先行词是指人还是指物，指人用who/whom/that，指物用which/that。再判断先行词在从句中是作什么成分，作主语指人用who/that，作宾语指人用whom/that；作主语指物用that/which，作宾语指物用that/which。关系词只能用that的情况：先行词既指人又指物；先行词是不定代词nothing，none，something等时，先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 38．C 【详解】句意：他似乎没有领会我的意思，这让我非常难过。 考查从句。what什么；who谁；that那个；which哪一个；how怎么样。根据“He seems not to have grasped...I meant,...greatly upsets me.”可知grasped 之后是宾语从句且从句中meant后面缺少宾语,空处需填一个引导词what；逗号后面为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，需填一个引导词指代前面整个句子，用which。故选C。 39．B 【详解】句意：你知道云南的首都昆明吗？ 考查定语从句。where，关系副词，指地点，在从句中作地点状语；which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose关系代词，who的所有格，在从句中作定语。分析句子可知，is前缺少主语，先行词“Kunming”是物，且在句中作主语。故选B。 40．B 【详解】句意：这个以亲切和耐心著称的老师，鼓励我们自信地解决问题。 考查who引导非限制性定语从句。that指代人或物，作主语或宾语；who代指人，作主语或宾语；which代指物，作主语或宾语；whom指代人，只能作宾语。分析句子可知，空白处需填入关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰“the teacher ”，指代“人”，作主语；而根据“is well-known for his kindness and patience”空前有逗号可知，该从句为非限制性定语从句，that不可引导非限制性定语从句。故选B。 二、 1． that/which 2．who/that 3． that which 4．that/which 5．who/that 6．which 7．that 8．that 9．that 10．that 【解析】1．句意：宇宙飞船是一种交通工具，现在主要由电子设备控制。此句是定语从句，先行词spaceships指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which。故填that/which。 2．句意：刘洋是一名宇航员，她是第一位进入太空的女宇航员。此句是定语从句，先行词Liu Yang指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或who。故填who/that。 3．句意：这是我以前写字用的钢笔，是我祖父给我的。分析句子可知，前句是限制性定语从句，后句是非限制性定语从句。从第二句入手，先行词是指前句“以前写字用的钢笔”，应用which引导非限制定语从句；第一句先行词pen是物，关系词在从句中作宾语，正常可以使用that或which，又因后句已有which，为了防止重复，这里不用which，用that引导限制性定语从句。故填that；which。 4．句意：在所有的名胜古迹中，都有游客不应该错过的东西。此句是定语从句，先行词things指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用that或which。故填that/which。 5．句意：李先生是一个说话算数的人。此句是定语从句，先行词man指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或who。故填who/that。 6．句意：这就是那个女孩住的房子。空处在句中作宾语，先行词是the house，指物，介词in后只能用which，不能用that，故填which。 7．句意：这里发生了很大的变化。进入我眼中的一切对我来说都是如此的新鲜。先行词是不定代词Everything，关系词用that。故填that。　　　　　　　　 8．句意：他们正在谈论对我们的日常生活产生重大影响的最伟大的发明。先行词inventions被最高级the greatest修饰，关系词用that，故填that。 9．句意：中国是第一个将嫦娥四号发射到月球背面的国家。先行词前nation被序数词the first修饰，关系词用that。故填that。 10．句意：——多么令人兴奋的演讲啊！——相当好！这是我听过的最好的演讲。先行词speech被最高级the best修饰，关系词用that，故填that。 三、 1．which/that 2．which/that 3．which/that 4．which/that 5．which/that 6．whose 7．which/that 8．who/that 9．(which)/(that) 10．who/that 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了南极洲发现了恐龙化石。 1．句意：南极洲主要以企鹅和海豹而闻名，但是你知道在那里也发现了恐龙化石吗？该句是定语从句，先行词是“the penguins and seals”，结合“live there,”可知，从句中缺主语，which/that符合题意。故填which/that。 2．句意：2003年，科学家们发现了数百万年前生活在那里的两只恐龙的遗骸。该句是定语从句，先行词是“the remains of two dinosaurs”，指的物，结合“lived there millions of years ago”可知，从句中缺主语，which/that符合题意。故填which/that。 3．句意：第一个发现是一种食草恐龙，它有近2亿年的历史。该句是定语从句，先行词是“a plant­eating dinosaur”，指的物，结合“is nearly 200 million years old.”可知，从句缺主语，which/that符合题意。故填which/that。 4．句意：经过检查的恐龙部分表明它有9米长，2米高。该句是定语从句，先行词是“The parts of the dinosaur”，指的物，结合“were examined suggest that it was 9 meters long and 2 meters tall.”可知，从句中缺主语，which/that符合题意。故填which/that。 5．句意：然而，在世界其他地方发现的恐龙身长可达30米。该句是定语从句，先行词是“Dinosaurs”，指的物，结合“have been found in other parts of the world are as long as 30 meters,”可知，从句中缺主语，which/that符合题意。故填which/that。 6．句意：因此，这种恐龙的骨骼让研究人员感到兴奋，它相当小。该句是定语从句，结合从句中“bones have excited researchers”并结合设空处前的“this dinosaur,”可知，此处指的是恐龙的骨骼，关系代词whose符合题意。故填whose。 7．句意：第二只恐龙是食肉恐龙，大约有两米高。该句是定语从句，先行词是“a meat­eater”，指的物，结合“stood about two meters tall.”可知，从句缺主语，which/that符合题意。故填which/that。 8．句意：为了躲避恶劣天气，科学家们在海边发现了这些骨头。该句是定语从句，先行词是“Scientists”指的人，结合“were sheltering (躲避) from bad weather found the bones near the sea”可知，从句中缺主语。who/that符合题意，故填who/that。 9．句意：他们发现的恐龙化石紧挨着海洋生物化石。该句是定语从句，先行词是“The dinosaur fossils”，指的物，结合“they discovered were next to fossils of sea life”可知，从句中不缺成分，因此关系代词可省略。故填(which/that)。 10．句意：发现这一发现的科学家们得到了一大笔钱作为奖励。该句是定语从句，先行词是“The scientists”，指的人，结合“made the discovery got a lot of money as a prize.”可知，从句中缺主语，who/that符合题意，故填who/that。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记（通用版） 专题13 定语从句 内容导航 1. 解题方法 2. 复习提升 解题方法 一、先判断从句类型，确定是否为定语从句 定语从句需满足两个条件： 1. 从句前有先行词（名词/代词）； 2. 从句缺少成分（关系词在从句中充当主语、宾语、状语等）。 例：The book that I bought yesterday is interesting.（先行词the book，从句缺宾语，用that） 二、核心技巧：根据先行词和从句成分选关系词 1. 先行词指人 - 作主语：用who/that。 例：The man who/that is standing there is my teacher. - 作宾语：用who/whom/that（可省略）。 例：The girl (whom/who/that) I met is Lucy. - 作定语：用whose（表示“谁的”）。 例：The boy whose mother is a doctor is my classmate. 2. 先行词指物 - 作主语/宾语：用which/that。 例：The movie which/that we saw last night was fantastic.（作宾语可省略） - 作定语：用whose（=of which）。 例：The house whose windows are blue is mine.（=The house of which the windows are blue） - 作状语：用where（地点）、when（时间）、why（原因）。 - 先行词是地点，且从句缺地点状语，用where。 例：This is the school where I studied ten years ago.（=in which） - 先行词是时间，且从句缺时间状语，用when。 例：I remember the day when we met for the first time.（=on which） - 先行词是reason，从句缺原因状语，用why。 例：Do you know the reason why he left?（=for which） 三、避开常见陷阱：易混关系词辨析 1. that vs which - 只能用that的情况： - 先行词是不定代词（something, all, nothing等）； - 先行词被序数词/最高级修饰（the first, the best等）； - 先行词被the only/the very/the same修饰； - 先行词既有人又有物。 例：This is the only book that I need.（不用which） - 只能用which的情况： - 先行词是物，且位于介词后（介词+which）； - 非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开，不能用that）。 例：The house, which is old, was built in 1990.（非限制性，不用that） 2. 关系副词vs关系代词 - 关键：看从句是否缺主语或宾语。 - 若从句缺主语/宾语，用关系代词（who/which/that）； - 若从句不缺主宾，缺状语，用关系副词（where/when/why）。 例： - This is the place that/which we visited last year.（从句缺visited的宾语，用关系代词） - This is the place where we worked last year.（从句不缺主宾，缺地点状语，用where） 四、解题步骤：三步法快速定位答案 1. 找先行词：确定先行词是人还是物，是地点/时间/原因等。 2. 分析从句成分：判断关系词在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语。 3. 排除错误选项：根据规则排除不符合的关系词，如介词后不用that，非限制性从句不用that等。 五、真题示例演练 题目：The man ______ is talking to my teacher is my father. A. who B. which C. whom D. what 解析： 1. 先行词the man（指人），排除B（which指物）、D（what不引导定语从句）； 2. 从句缺主语（______ is talking），排除C（whom作宾语），故选A。 掌握以上技巧，结合真题练习，就能快速攻克定语从句的考点啦！考试时记得先划分句子结构，再按步骤选关系词哦~ 复习提升 一、单项选择 1．Michael will never forget the man ________ he met at the airport. A．that B．which C．what D．who 2．Jack Brown still lives in the old house ________ his father gave him. A．who B．when C．which D．where 3．—Nowadays, WeChat is very popular among friends. —Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ________ people like. A．that B．which C．who D．whom 4．But ice sculpture is not only for chefs! Today there are many artists ________ create sculptures out of ice just because they enjoy it. A．who B．whose C．which D．how 5．Our parents often talk about the people and the things ________ they can remember in their middle school. A．who B．whom C．which D．that 6．Don’t you know Neil Armstrong ________ was the first man to walk on the moon? A．which B．whether C．who D．/ 7．This is the book ________ I bought yesterday. A．who B．which C．what D．whom 8．The house ________ stands at the end of the street, with a beautiful garden in front, belongs to my grandparents. A．which B．who C．what D．where 9．—Have you read the article ________ tells the future of humans? —Not yet. I’m searching the Internet. A．who B．which C．what D．/ 10．The painting Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is an amazing artwork ________ shows the lively scenes of busy streets in Bianjing during the Northern Song Dynasty. A．which B．who C．what D．when 11．The book tells the story of a girl called Mulan ________ father was too sick to fight as a soldier. A．who B．whose C．that D．which 12．The museum ________ we visited last month ________ over 10,000 visitors during the Labor Day holiday. A．where; received B．which; has received C．who; receives D．what; will receive 13．—What a pleasant trip to Yangzhou ! —Yes, I will never forget the friends and places of interest ________ I visited here. A．who B．what C．which D．/ 14．The train G828 is the first direct high-speed train ________ connects Xi’an and Hong Kong. A．who B．when C．which D．that 15．Flammable ice (可燃冰) is a kind of new energy ________ produces less pollution. A．which B．what C．who D．when 16．Nowadays, AI is one of the most important technologies ________ are widely used in our life. A．that B．which C．who D．what 17．He thinks that his pet cat, ________ is very cute, can understand his feelings. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 18．Have you found the details of Yangliwei ________ you can use for your report? A．whom B．what C．which D．who 19．Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is a story ________ shows how much ancient people wanted to know about the world. A．which B．who C．what D．whose 20．The boy _________ is flying a kite on the playground is my little brother. A．which B．who C．where D．whom 21．Don’t care those ________ laugh at you. Pay more attention to improving yourself. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 22．—I want a partner to practice roller skating. —My friend is a person ______ skill is very great. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 23．We are interested in the people and places ________ he described in his letter. A．which B．who C．that D．where 24．—Have you met the volunteer ________ is organizing the community book drive? —Yes! She’s the one ________ idea won the “Best Youth Project” award last year. A．which; whose B．that; who C．that; whose D．who; which 25．Have you ever read the book ________ I bought yesterday? A．who B．what C．that D．whom 26．Nowadays, AI is one of the most important technologies ________ are widely used to change and improve people’s lives. A．that B．which C．who D．what 27．The book tells the story of a girl called Mulan ________ joins the army instead of her father. A．whose B．who C．whom D．which 28．The panda is a kind of animal ________ can be found only in China. A．who B．whose C．where D．which 29．The woman ________ is standing under the tree is my aunt. A．who B．whose C．which D．whom 30．Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need. A．what B．who C．whom D．which 31．Michael will never forget the village ________ he was born. A．that B．which C．what D．where 32．I didn’t see the man ________ stole my handbag clearly. A．which B．when C．where D．who 33．The cultural heritage exhibition, ________ features Hui embroidery and bamboo carving, attracted thousands of visitors. A．which B．who C．where D．when 34．If you want to improve your study grades. You must know two kinds of education. One is taught by others, and ________ is more important, ________ he learns by himself. A．other; that B．the other; which C．other; which D．the others; that 35．The Hongmeng OS, ______ offers seamless connectivity between devices, is popular among tech enthusiasts. A．which B．who C．what D．where 36．Many young people, most of ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A．whom B．which C．who D．that 37．Huawei Mate X is a 5G smart phone allows users to download a movie in just several seconds． A．what B．which C．whom D．who 38．He seems not to have grasped ________ I meant, ________ greatly upsets me. A．what; who B．that; that C．what; which D．how; which 39．Do you know the city, Kunming, __________ is the capital city of Yunan? A．where B．which C．who D．whose 40．The teacher, ________ is well­-known for his kindness and patience, encourages us to be confident in solving problems. A．that B．who C．which D．Whom 二、用that, which, who完成下列句子 1．Spaceships is a vehicle are now mainly controlled by electronic. 2．Liu Yang is an astronaut was the first woman astronaut to travel into space. 3．This is the pen I used to write with, my grandfather gave to me. 4．In all the places of interest, there are things tourists should not miss. 5．Mr. Li is a man means what he says. 6．This is the house in the girl lives. 7．Great changes have taken place here. Everything comes into my eyes is so new to me. 8．They are talking about the greatest inventions have made a big difference to our daily life. 9． China is the first nation sent Chang’e IV to the far side of the moon. 10．—How exciting the speech is! —Pretty good! This is the best speech I’ve ever heard. 三、阅读短文，从方框中选择恰当的关系代词填空 (可重复使用，能省略时加括号)。 Antarctica is mainly known for the penguins and seals 1 live there, but do you know dinosaur fossils (化石) have also been discovered there? In 2003 scientists discovered the remains of two dinosaurs 2 lived there millions of years ago. The first discovery was a plant­eating dinosaur 3 is nearly 200 million years old. The parts of the dinosaur 4 were examined suggest that it was 9 meters long and 2 meters tall. Dinosaurs 5 have been found in other parts of the world are as long as 30 meters, however. So this dinosaur, 6 bones have excited researchers, was rather small. On the other side of Antarctica, some scientists discovered dinosaur bones by accident. The second dinosaur was a meat­eater 7 stood about two meters tall. Scientists 8 were sheltering (躲避) from bad weather found the bones near the sea. The dinosaur fossils 9 they discovered were next to fossils of sea life. The scientists 10 made the discovery got a lot of money as a prize. Dinosaurs could not survive (生存) in cold conditions, but in their time, Antarctica was different from now. It was warm and wet. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$