2026届高考英语真题主题词分析系列0707（认识意识+包含拥有+才能技能）清单

高考英语真题主题词分析 一、认识；意识 1.acquaintance n 相识；熟人 The first type of friend is just an acquaintance. 第一类朋友只是泛泛之交。 【常见考点】 business acquaintance 在生意上打过交道的人 make sb.'s acquaintance/make the acquaintance of sb.与某人初次相见；结识某人 I made the acquaintance of several musicians around that time. 大概在那时，我结识了几位音乐家。 acquaintance with sb.（与某人）认识／略有交情 This is how I struck up an acquaintance with her. 我就是这样和她结为朋友的。 acquaintance with sth.了解某物／某事 He has some acquaintance with German, but doesn't speak it fluently. 他略懂德语，但说得不太流利。 【写作高分表达】 have a nodding acquaintance with sb./sth.与某人有点头之交／对某事物略知一二 In our life, we may have a nodding acquaintance with many people, but we probably have only one true friend.我们一生中可能会有很多的泛泛之交，但是真正的朋友可能就那么一个人。 2.automatically adv 自动地；无意识地 So, smile when you meet acquaintances or even strangers, say a cheerful "Hi!" and automatically some of your awkwardness will disappear completely!所以，当你遇到熟人甚至是陌生人的时候，微笑着说一声“嗨！”， 你的尴尬就会自动消失！ 3.aware adj 知道的；意识到的 be aware of / that 意识到 One reason is that most people are not even aware of their mispronunciations.一个原因是大多数人甚至没有意识到他们的发音错误。【2021·新高考I卷·听力】 【常见考点】 as far as I'm aware 据我所知 to be ecologically/politically aware 有生态保护／政治意识 well aware 一清二楚 be aware that/of sth.意识到；明白；知道 I wasn't even aware that he was ill. 我甚至都没有意识到他生病了。 【写作高分表达】 be /become aware of知道；意识到 Everyone should be aware of the importance and urgency of protecting the environment. 每个人都应该意识到保护环境的重要性和紧迫性。 4.conscious adj 自觉的；意识到的；神志清醒的 Though the man was badly hurt in the accident, he was still conscious and could think clearly.尽管这个男人在事故中受了重伤，但他仍旧具有意识且能够清晰地思考。 【常见考点】 conscious decision 慎重的决定 fully conscious 完全清醒 be conscious that/of sth.意识到；注意到 She's very conscious of the problems involved.她完全意识到了所涉及的问题。 【写作高分表达】 be /become conscious of (doing) sth.意识到；注意到 Now people become increasingly conscious of the importance of intellectual property.现在人们越来越意识到知识产权的重要性。 5.know v 知道 ；了解；认识；懂得 It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.这个问题不需要天才就能知道答案：绝对不行。【2021·全国甲卷·阅读理解】 【常见考点】 know about sth.知道某事；了解某事 I didn't want anyone to know about it, it was my secret. 我不想任何人知道这件事，它是我的秘密。 get to know sb./sth.逐渐熟悉……；逐渐了解…… I'll need a few weeks to get to know the system. 我需要几周的时间熟悉系统。 as far as I know 据我所知 The party is at Sarah's house as far as I know. 据我所知，聚会在莎拉家举办。 know sb./sth.as ...把……看作是……；认为……是…… It's known as the most dangerous part of the city. 人们都认为那是市内最危险的地方。 【易混词辨析】 understand, know, comprehend understand, know, comprehend都有“了解，懂得”的意思，但understand指对事物已有彻底的认识，不仅知其性质、含义和细节，而且了解其内外的关系，如： The doctor understands how the drug works. 那个医生了解这种药的作用机制。 know是普通用词，多指通过学习、经验或他人传播而得到知识，含直接知道的意味，如： I know how to get there since he has told me. 我知道怎么去那儿，因为他已经告诉我了。 而comprehend侧重彻底了解复杂事物的过程，如： It's hard for us to comprehend the infinite distances of space. 我们难以理解太空无垠的距离。 【写作高分表达】 know of/about sth.知道／了解某物 It's very kind of you to write to me and let me know about the beautiful city of Hangzhou.你真是太好了，还写信给我让我了解杭州这座美丽的城市。 6.sense n 感觉；意识 make sense 有意义；讲得通 sense of sight 视觉 sense of humor 幽默感 Such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom.这种投入也会削弱自由的感觉。【2021·天津卷·阅读理解】 【常见考点】 sense of belonging 归属感 sense of responsibility 责任心 make sense 有意义 in a sense 在某种意义上 it is common sense to do sth.做某事是常识 【易混词辨析】 sense, feeling sense和feeling都有“感觉”的意思，sense指人的五感，或对某事物的察觉、感觉，如： He has a good sense of smell. 他嗅觉敏锐。 She has a strong sense of responsibility. 她有很强的责任感。 但feeling既可指身体上的感觉，如冷暖、饥饿、疼痛等；又可指精神上的感觉，如喜、怒、哀、乐、失望等，如： I had a feeling of guilt. 我有一种内疚感。 【写作高分表达】 in a sense在某种意义上 In a sense, the attitude towards strangers that the people have in the city mirrors its warmth.在某种意义上说，市民对陌生人态度，反映了这个城市的温度。 a sense of achievement/loss/responsibility/guilt成就感／失落感／责任感／内疚感 In my opinion, we work not only for making a living, but also for a sense of achievement.在我看来，工作的目的不仅是为了谋生，也是为了获得一种成就感。 sth.makes sense某物言之有理／有意义 All these opinions make sense, and consequently it is hard to choose the best of them.所有意见都有道理，因此很难说哪个是最好的。 make sense of sth.理解某事物 You can ask the teacher to speak slowly so that you can make sense of what he say.你可以要求老师讲慢一点，这样你就可以理解他讲的内容了。 7.unaware adj 未意识到的 He was blithely unaware of the trouble he'd caused.他漫不经心，丝毫没有察觉他惹的麻烦。 She was unaware that I could see her.她没想到我能看见她。 8.unconscious adj 无意识的；不省人事的 He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something occurred to me.他失去知觉，我看着他的脸，想起了一件事。【2018·新课标卷Ⅱ·知识运用】 【常见考点】 personal unconscious 个人潜意识 unconscious bias 无意识偏见 be unconscious of sb./sth.未意识到…… You are still not conscious of the significant contributions we have made to the company. 您仍不晓得我们为公司做出的巨大贡献。 二、（不）包含；拥有 1.besides prep 除……以外 ……还 adv 此外；再说 Besides, the number of snakes had declined as well.蛇的数量也减少了。【2020·新高考I卷·知识运用】 【易混词辨析】 besides, except, except for, apart from besides，except，except for和apart from都有“除……之外”的意思，besides着重于指“另外还有”，如: What other sports do you like besides basketball? 除篮球外你还喜欢什么运动？ 但except指在同类的整体中除去一个部分，句中通常会出现all、any、every、nobody、nothing等表示整体的词，后接的词与主语一般是同类事物，如: Everyone is here except Tom. 除了汤姆以外，大家都在。 except for指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正，后接的词可与主语不是同类事物，如: His composition is excellent except for some spelling mistakes. 除了一些拼写错误，他的作文写得棒极了。 apart from既可以表示从整体里去除，也可表示有所补充，如 : Apart from the ending, it's a really good movie. 除了结局，这部电影真的不错。 Apart from their house in London, they also have an apartment in Shanghai. 他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外在上海还有一间公寓。 2.except prep 除……之外 exception n 例外 Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me.除了我，家里的每个人都很快适应了这座城市。【2021·全国甲卷·阅读理解】 【常见考点】 except for ...除了……以外 Everyone was there except for Sally. 除了莎莉，大家都在那里。 Except for a few grammatical mistakes, this composition of yours is well written.除了几处语法错误之外，你这篇作文写得不错。 【易混词辨析】 except, except for, besides except，except for和besides都有“除了……之外”的意思，但except侧重于排除在外，从整体里减去。可与but换用，语气较强，如: Everyone is here except Tom. 除了汤姆以外，大家都在。 except for多用于说明基本情况或对主要部分加以肯定，引出相反的原因或细节，从而部分地修正前面的主要意思，含惋惜意味，如: Except for some spelling mistakes, your composition is not bad in general. 除了有些拼写错误以外，你的作文总体上不错。 besides着重于指另外还有，如: Graduates choose jobs for other reasons besides money. 毕业生择业除了钱之外还有别的考虑。 【近义词】 excluding prep.将……排除在外；不包括…… 【反义词】 including prep.包括……在内 【同根/派生词】 exception n.例外；异议 exceptional adj .异常的；例外的 3.include vt 包含；包括 These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.其中包括叶子上载有传感器的植物，能显示出它们何时缺水，还包括一种可以检测到地下水中有害化学物质的植物。【2020·新课标卷Ⅰ·阅读理解】 【易混词辨析】 include, contain, involve include，contain和involve都有“包含，包括”的意思，但include侧重表示被包含者只是整体中的一部分，可能还存在其他部分，如 : Five people were killed in the attack, including a policeman. 袭击中有五人死亡，包括一名警察。 contain可以用于表示整体的所有组成部分，也可以用来突出主要部分，如: Mary's guest list contains 100 people. 玛丽的来宾名单共有100人。 The cake contains nuts. 这个蛋糕里有坚果。 involve表示整体中不可或缺的重要部分，往往是无形的东西，如: Do you know how much work is involved in putting on a play? 你知道上演一出戏剧要做多少工作吗？ 【写作高分表达】 include A in/on B把A算入／包括在B内 In conclusion, it's not suitable to include English words in Chinese dictionary.总的来说，将英语单词加入中文字典是不合适的。 4.involve vt 包括；牵涉；涉及；使参与 Human qualities also involve how you think, how you approach problems, and how you break them down; and that takes a lot of algorithmic design.人类特性还包括如何思考，如何处理问题，以及如何分解问题；而这需要大量的算法设计。【2021·天津卷·阅读理解】 【常见考点】 be involved in 参与 involve sb.in sth.使某人参与某事 We want to involve as many people as possible in the celebrations.我们希望参加庆典的人越多越好。 5.occupy vt 占领；占据 It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.它鼓励我们要感到满足，守住自己的小角落，不要愚蠢地跳进黑暗中。【2020·天津卷·阅读理解】 occupy sb./sth./oneself in doing sth.让……忙于做某事 Mother is usually occupying herself preparing dinner for the whole family when I get home from school.每次我回家的时候，母亲总是忙着在给全家人准备晚餐。 【同根/派生词】 occupation n.职业 occupied adj.已占用的 occupational adj.职业的 6.possession n 所有；拥有；财产；所有物 in possession of 拥有 in the possession of (某物）为（某人）所有 All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.所有使用 TransLink 服务的乘客必须持有有效票据上车。【2020·新课标卷Ⅰ·阅读理解】 【常见考点】 the most cherished possession 最珍爱的物品 personal possessions 私人财产 in possession 占有 in / take possession of sth.拥有某物 That wealthy man is now in possession of three ancient castles.那个有钱人现在拥有三座古堡。 You will take possession of the assets if you are admitted as a legal inheritor.如果你被认定为合法继承人，你将拥有这些资产。 【写作高分表达】 in possession of sth.拥有／占有某物 Students in possession of good time-management skills are more likely to perform well in universities.拥有良好的时间管理技巧的学生更可能在大学有好的表现。 7.take in 包括；吸收 They will certainly need to take in plenty of liquid.他们会肯定需要吸收大量液体。 How many sugars do you take in coffee? 您在咖啡里放几块方糖？ 三、才能；技能 1.competence n 能力；胜任 ；技能；本领 They might not feel the sense of competence if they compared themselves to celebrities or more brilliant friends online.当他们拿其他名人或者优秀的网友与自己比较时，他们可能会感受到自己的无能。 【常见考点】 professional competence 专业能力 core competence 核心竞争力 language competence 语言表达能力 social competence 社交能力 competence in sth./doing sth.有能力做某事 I sure that you have the competence in finishing this task.我相信你有能力完成这项任务。 【易混词辨析】 competence, capability, ability competence，capability和ability都有“能力，才能”的意思，competence是正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作的要求，如: A company's success is related to its managers' competence. 企业的成败与其管理者的能力紧密相关。 capability多用于人，指完成有难度的事情的能力和才能，也指本身具有的、尚未发挥的潜在能力，如: She has the capability to tackle these problems. 她有能力处理这些难题。 Will the company have the capability to change to meet market needs? 这家公司是否具备满足市场需求的应变能力？ ability指人先天的或学来的各种能力，如: It is not her fault for lacking the ability to walk. 不能行走不是她的错。 Your ability to speak six languages amazes me! 你竟能说六门语言！我太惊讶了！ 【写作高分表达】 competence in (doing) sth.（做）某事的能力 This can help you gain a high level of competence in English.这有助于你的英语能力达到高水平。 【近义词】 competency n.能力 capability n.能力 fitness n.适合 【反义词】 incompetence n.不胜任 inability n.无能 【同根/派生词】 competency n.能力 competently adv.胜任地 incompetently adv.不胜任地 competent adj.胜任的 incompetent adj.不胜任的 2.skilful adj 有技巧的；熟练的；灵巧的 Although there are many skillful Braille readers, thousands of other blind people find it difficult to learn that system.虽然现在有许多熟练的盲文读者，但还有成千上万的盲人认为学习盲文系统很困难。 3.talented adj 有天资的；有才能的 She sees my talent and pushes me to do the best I possibly can.她看到了我的天赋，并敦促我尽可能做到最好。【2021·全国乙卷·听力】 【常见考点】 talent competition 才艺选拔赛 talent show 才艺表演会 talent pool 人才库；人才储备 talent for ...……的天赋 Few people have the talent for discovering beautiful things in real life.在现实生活中很少有人有发现美好事物的天赋。 【易混词辨析】 ability, capacity, talent ability，inspect和talent都有“能力，才能”的意思，但ability为普通用词，泛指人先天的或学来的各种能力，如: He lost the ability to walk. 他失去了行走的能力。 capacity通常不指体力，侧重指人的潜在能力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力，如: They have capacity for developing new products. 他们有能力开发新产品。 talent常指人某方面具有可发展和培养的突出天赋才能，如: He is a man of many talents. 他是个多才多艺的人。 【写作高分表达】 talent for sth.某方面的天赋 Anyone who has the talent for music or loves singing can participate in the contest. 任何有音乐才能或喜欢唱歌的人都可以参加比赛。 talent contest（尤指娱乐方面的）才艺比赛 Nowadays, many young people regard winning a talent contest as a passport to success, but actually even though they win the contest, they are still far from being successful. 如今，许多年轻人认为赢得才艺比赛是通往成功的通行证，但实际上，即使赢得了比赛，他们离成功还很远。 a talented artist 一位有天赋的艺术家 4.technical adj 技术的；技术上的；技巧方面的；技能的 technically adv 技术上；工艺上 Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution.技术工作申请者必须已经在技术学院达到最后一年的学习阶段。【2021·北京卷·阅读理解】 【常见考点】 technical problem 技术问题 technical information 技术资料 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$