湖北省武汉市江岸区2024-2025学年高二下学期期末英语试题

第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项， 听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍， 1.What does Thomson do? A.A advertiser. B.An teacher. C.An accountant. 2.Who came up with the idea of the party? A.Janet. B.Eric. C.Sandy. 3.What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Classmates. B.Brother and sister. C.Salesperson and customer. 4.How does the woman feel about the Language Study Fair? A.Disappointed. B.Surprised. C.Interested. 5.What does the man mean? A.The presentation will start at 9:30. B.He is worried about the presentation. C.The woman has trouble getting up early. 第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各 小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话或独白读两遍. 听下面一段材料，回答第6、7题. 6.What are the speakers mainly talking about? A.Course schedules.B.After-class activities. C.An important drama. 7.What does the man invite the woman to do? A.Watch a play. B.Perform in a drama. C.Join a club. 听下面一段材料，回答第8至10题， 8.Why did the woman feel upset? A.She felt afraid in the driving test. B.She lost her driving license. C.She failed the driving test 9.What was the woman confident about? A.Driving uphill.. B.Parking C.Making turns. 1/13 10.What was the woman's biggest mistake in the test? A.Running the red light at a crossroad. B.Losing control of the car at an uphill place. C.Forgetting to turn her head while making turns. 听下面一段材料，回答第11至13题. 11.When will the man attend the summer course? A.On July 15.B.On July 20.C.On July 24. 12.How much will the man pay for his course and accommodation? A.￡500.B.￡550.C.f980 13.How should the man pay the course fee? A.Pay through a website. B.Conduct a bank transfer. C.Make an in-person payment. 听下面一段材料，回答第14至17题， 14.What does the man find the most difficult in his performance? A.Keeping his figure. B.Remembering the lines. C.Mastering the physical movements. 15.When did the man get involved in acting? A.When working for a comedy producer. B.While studying literature at university. C.After joining a drama club. 16.What did the man's brothers like to do at weekends? A.Watch movies. B.Play sports. C.Collect posters. 17.What career might the man have pursued if not acting? A.A police officer.B.A doctor. .C.A businessman 听下面一段材料，回答第18至20题。 18.What counts most in keeping the speaker energetic? A.Having enough sleep. B.Keeping a healthy diet. C.Maintaining a young heart. 2/13 19.What does the speaker suggest doing one hour before bed? A.Drinking milk to fight tiredness. B.Avoiding exposure to screens. C.Setting a wake-up alarm. 20.What is the speaker going to do next? A.Talk about healthy eating. B.Demonstrate a set of exercises C.Take questions from the audience. 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A brain-computer interface(BCI)is a system that determines functional intent-the desire to change,move,control,or interact with something in your environment-directly from your brain activity.In other words,BCIs allow you to control an application or a device using only your mind. When it comes to motor control,if we want to interact with a device in our environment(e.g.a lamp),we first decide what we want to do (turn on the lamp),then we coordinate (and use the muscles in our arms,legs,hands,feet,etc.,to perform that action(reach out with your finger and press the lamps on/offswitch)and then finally the device responds to that action (the lamp turns on). BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly A brain-computer interface(BCI)functions through a series of interconnected steps.Initially,a specialized device captures the brain's electrical activity,providing raw data that reflects the user's intentions.This data is then sent to a computer,which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user's desired actions.Finally,the interpreted information controls an external application or device,allowing the user to interact smoothly.This integration of measurement,analysis,and control forms the backbone of BCI technology. Another important step of a BCI is feedback:the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret.In our previous example,the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user 3/13 wanted.Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system,learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity,just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies. ②Process Brain activity is processed using a computer to identify the user's desired action. ⊙Feedback Feedback is provided to ①Record the user to indicate their ③Controle Brain activity is recorded_ action was successful. A signal is sent to the using a headset/cap with application to carry out speclal sensors. the desired command. 1.How does a BCI differ from motor control? A.It relies entirely on external sensors. B.It coordinates a variety of body parts. C.It requires stronger muscle movements. D.It skips physical performance via muscles. 2.What role does the computer play in a BCI system? A.Providing physical feedback to the user. B.Measuring brain activity through sensors. C.Processing brain signals to identify intent D.Replacing the user's decision-making process. 3.Which step in the illustration helps users adapt and confirm their intended action? A.① B.② C.③ D.④ B My growing-up years were marked by an active hate to writing.It was the last thing I wanted to do and it's one reason why I pursued science in the first place.In high school,I hated writing essays. For hours,I stared at blank pages,trying to turn my scattered thoughts into fluent sentences and I often received papers marked with numerous corrections.I began to wonder if I was simply not cut out for writing.Yet,a quiet acceptance settled within me -an understanding that universal 4/13 mastery was neither necessary nor attainable. I focused instead on my love for math and science.I took comfort there,knowing objective truth could be found if I searched methodically.In college,I studied engineering and joined a research lab to gain hands-on experience.My first project was to improve the efficiency of a magnetic component. Despite initial disappointing results,I continued through numerous designs.Eventually,we developed a design that halved energy losses.I was delighted-until my professor told me to write that research paper. I knew that if I wanted to become a researcher,I would need to spend time penning papers.But I was scared of failing.In a panic,I asked a graduate student in my lab for help.We defined a goal for the paper,and I carefully wrote an outline.But when I asked him for feedback,I soon found the paper covered in red marks.He explained that red didn't mean I was a bad writer.Writing isn't a one-and-done thing.It requires revising your work,often several times.Suddenly it occurred to me, "Hadn't I done the same thing when I was searching for an efficient design?" I polished my paper's outline into sentences and paragraphs,guided by feedback.Though my first draft wasn't perfect,with help,I enjoyed the process of improving it.Writing has since become one of my favorite parts of research,helping me organize my thoughts.I've even started writing popular science articles,which I never could have imagined during my early struggles with essays. 4.What did the author initially think of writing? A.A piece of cake. B.A nut hard to crack. C.A ray of sunshine. D.A diamond in the rough. 5.What was the author's main challenge in the research project? A.Writing the research paper. B.Collecting the experimental data. C.Cooperating with the research team. D.Designing the magnetic component. 6.What did the author learn from her writing and research? A.Both require trial and error. B.Both consume time and money. C.Both offer promotion and reputation. D.Both involve burden and stress. 7.What helped the author improve writing? A.Discovering objective standards in writing. B.Following good examples of other students. 5/13 C.Constantly working on writing and improving. D.Publishing several academic papers successfully. C "Your order is on its way!"Is there any notification that brings more joy than this?But there could be more behind your motivations for hitting "buy now".A survey found over a quarter of respondents reported "doom spending"-splashing cash on unnecessary purchases despite economic concerns to cope with stress. Doom spending can put you at risk of financial stress,cause tension in relationships,evoke feelings of shame,and drain your bank balance of funds that could be spent otherwise.But why is it so hard to resist the urge to spend? The reason we feel happy and satisfied when swiping our credit cards is the dopamine rush it offers.Interestingly,the dopamine doesn't turn up in the acquisition of something.It occurs in the impulse or the motivation to go forth and hunt.In other words,it's the try-on of the perfect shoes or the test drive of the new car rather than the actual buying.So when feeling the urge to buy,pause, note the item and wait at least 24 hours before acting,allowing time for dopamine's effect to flow through the body.You may find that after the effect wears off,you don't have the urge to buy. For some people,shopping serves as a coping mechanism-a way to find comfort and build self-esteem or self-confidence.They often turn to that product again and again,hoping it will make them feel a little bit better.However,this inability to properly self-soothe can result in a "treat yourself'mentality after a bad day.If you feel the need for a treat or some self-care,put your credit card away and reach for something more wholesome and long-lasting like meditation,spending time in nature,or connecting with friends.These alternatives not only provide longer-lasting benefits but also help fill your emotional well-being. But being mindful with money doesn't have to mean avoiding spending on little things that bring you joy.Little splurges and"treat yourself moments can be a great way to bring happiness if they are controlled.Having allocated funds for"splurge"purchases,and keeping a list on how much to spend from these can create a more mindful approach to spending,rather than one that's impulsive and stress-motivated. 8.The core contradiction of"doom spending"is A.instant joy vs.long-term savings B.cheap goods vs.high-quality needs 6113 C.economic stress vs.emotional relief D.personal choice vs.social judgment 9.Paragraph 3 mainly discusses A.Expensive brands reducing stress B.Advice on unnecessary purchases C.Dopamine causing shopping addiction D.Temporary joy from shopping 10.Repeatedly buying the same product reflects A.wise budgeting B.failure to self-relieve C.marketing influence D.product practicality 11.The author's view on"small splurges"is that they A.are acceptable if budgeted B.should be banned C.only suit essentials D.depend on income D If you've ever hung around scientists,you've most likely heard one of them say "the best explanation is the simplest one.But is it?From the behavior of ants to the occurrence of tornadoes, the natural world is often quite complex.Why should we assume the simplest explanation is closest to the truth? This idea is known as Occam's (or Ockham's)razor.It's also referred to as "rule of economy". And it bears a family relationship to the "principle of least astonishment,"which holds that if an explanation is too surprising,it's probably not right.The name comes from William of Ockham,a 14th-century scholastic philosopher.He created the principle that "entities (should not be multiplied beyond necessity."The philosophical claim is a form of ontological minimalism:we should not invoke entities unless we have evidence that they exist.In other words,don't make stuff up. In 1687,Isaac Newton expanded on the notion with his concept of a vera causa-a true cause, stating that we should admit only causes that were both true and sufficient to explain natural phenomena.He added that Nature did nothing in vain and Nature was pleased with simplicity Although Newton was a great scientist,this claim seems odd.Who is to say what"pleases Nature"? Doesn't this guidance assume we know what we are in fact trying to figure out? Consider the world of Physics filled with explanations that are surprising,unexpected and hard to get your head around.Newton explained light as being made of particles,whereas other scientists explained it as a wave.Quantum mechanics,however,tells us light is both a wave and a particle. 7/13 Newton's account was simpler,but modern physics tells us the more complex model is closer to the truth. When we turn to biology,things get even more complicated.Imagine two smokers,both of whom went through a pack a day for 30 years.One gets cancer;the other doesn't.The simplest explanation?For decades the tobacco industry's answer was that smoking doesn't cause cancer. Simple but false.In fact,disease is complex,and we don't yet understand all the factors involved in cancer. Occam's razor is not a fact or even a theory.It's a metaphysical(形而上学的)principle:an idea held independently of empirical (evidence.In human affairs,things are more often than not complex.Human motivations are typically multiple.People can be good and bad at the same time, selfish and selfless,depending on circumstances.The shelves of ethicists are filled with books thinking why good people do bad things,and their answers are rarely short and sweet. Our explanations should match the world as best as we can make them.Science is about allowing things to unfold naturally,and sometimes this means accepting that the truth is not simple, even if it would make our lives easier if it were. 12.Occam's razor indicates that A.simpler explanations should be preferred B.reasonable explanations are rarely surprising C.sufficient causes can explain natural phenomena D.explanations should be consistent with purposes 13.Why is Newton's view on simplicity problematic? A.It conflicts quantum physics. B.It lacks experimental support. C.It overlooks biological complexity. D.It assumes unknown truths. 14.What is against tobacco industry's"simple"cancer claim? A.Random chance occurrence. B.Long-term health statistics. C.Disease's natural complexity. D.Smokers'behavioral differences. 15.It's implied in the passage that we need to A.follow the laws of nature. B.interpret the world as it is. C.balance accuracy and simplicity. D.highlight the existence of entities. 第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 8/13 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Does this situation sound familiar?A friend approaches and asks,"Hey,what are you up to this weekend?"16She replies with her own vivid plan."I'm going to my lake house,and we're having a massive bonfire." What seemed like a genuine expression of interest in you suddenly shifts and becomes a chance for your friend to show off,complain or simply share about herself.17 Like the circling bend of a boomerang(),boomeraskers ask a question,let their conversation partners answer and then immediately bring the focus of the conversation back to themselves. For many people,self-disclosure simply feels great.Still,most of us are sensitive to the fact that we can't just walk around showing off and complaining and talking about ourselves all the time. 18 But among all the seemingly skillful and obvious ways we attempt to mask our self-centeredness,boomerasking might be the worst-because it takes away the amazing benefits that come from asking questions Asking sincere questions,listening to others'answers and following up on those answers maybe the easiest and most powerful pathway to shared understanding and interpersonal connection 19 Failing to follow up on your partner's answer,and answering the question yourself instead,makes others feel like you don't care about them-and probably didn't care about them when you asked the question to begin with. 20While sharing about yourself feels good and can bring us closer,when another person shares their perspective,focus on them.We should all aim to be more interested in our partners before we go back to proving how interesting we are ourselves. A.So don't boomerask! B.It reduces the benefits of real questions C.Boomerasking ruins the magic,however. D.You tell her you're not sure,but nothing big. E.This behavior can make others feel unimportant. F.I call this strategy "boomerasking,"and it happens constantly. G.So,we attempt to solve this problem with some indirect habits. 第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节完形填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分） 9/13 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Bonnie Blumberg has always known her mother was creative and kind.When she was growing up in the 1970s,her mom,Janice Goldstein,always21to make costumes for the class plays.Goldstein's22to her craft was something Blumberg took as a given In 2017,Goldstein lost the use of the right side of her body.Two years ago,Blumberg sold her mother's place.While23,she found three knit sweaters in various stages of 24. She knew exactly who they were25 for:The first blue garment was for her mother,the second,purple for Blumberg;and the third,a rabbit pattern for Blumberg's daughter. She 26 Loose Ends which is an organization that matches people who have 27 work from loved ones,who have either passed or become28 with crafters in their area who can finish quilting,knitting and other projects,all at no 29 They linked her up with a30finisher,Anna Minmier,to take over Goldstein's work. Now Minmier's31 danced a waltz in the following evenings.Minmier spent months finishing the sweaters,and says she's happy to have a32in what she sees as a beautiful story that bonds33. All I could do when I met Anna was give her a big hug,Blumberg says,tearing up."It's unbelievable how special this project is.I would have spent a(n)34to get this done." "It's not just being nice,"says Loose Ends co-founder Jennifer Simonic,"It's making sure people have these tangible objects that you can hug when you're missing a person.That's a big 35 ” 21.A.agreed B.volunteered C.demanded D.managed 22.A.contribution B.addiction C.devotion D.solution 23.A.looking around B.moving out C.settling down D.packing up 24.A.trial B.repair C.display D.construction 25.A.intended B.selected C.bought D.kept 26.A.joined B.contacted C.interviewed D.founded 27.A.unfinished B.unchanged C.untouched D.unskilled 28.A.retired B.disabled C.occupied D.lost 29.A.price B.cost C.charge D.reward 30 A.familiar B.productive C.serious D.nearby 10/13