Unit1 Back to School Grammar and usage II (语法课件)-2024-25学年高一英语单元核心语法词汇精讲课件(译林版2020必修第一册)

2025-07-08
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Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage II 译林版2020 常用的句子成分有: 主语,谓语,宾语,补足语, 表语,定语,状语和同位语。 主语 Subject 谓语 Predicate 宾语 Object 表语 Predicative 定语 Attributive 状语 Adverbial 补足语 Complement 同位语 Appositive 句子成分:(主语) 主语 (Subject) 是一个句子的核心成分之一, 通常指句子所描述的对象——即执行动作的人、 事物,或是被描述、被说明的状态或特征的主体。 1. The dog chased the cat. (那只狗追了那只猫。) 2. The sky is blue. (天空是蓝色的。) 主语:The dog (执行“追”这个动作) 主语:The sky (拥有“蓝色”这个状态) 句子成分(主语): 主语通常由什么词/结构充当: 形式 例子 Coffee is delicious. (咖啡很美味。) They are playing football. (他们在踢足球。) ` This is my house. (这是我的房子。) The tall man in the corner waved at me. (角落里的那个高个子男人向我挥手。) To learn a new language takes time. (学习一门新语言需要时间。) Swimming is good exercise. (游泳是很好的锻炼。) What she said surprised everyone. (她说的话让大家都很惊讶。) 名词 代词 名词短语 动词不定式 动名词 从句 句子成分(主语): 如何识别主语: 提问:谁/什么 + 动词+(宾语) 例句:The children played happily in the park. 动词:played 问: played? 答:The children -> 主语: 提问:谁/什么 + 系动词+表语 例句:Happiness is contagious(富有传染性的). 动词:is 问: is contagious? 答:Happiness -> 主语: 谁 The children 什么 Happiness 句子成分(宾语): 宾语 (Object)是句子中接受动作影响或与动作 相关的对象。它通常出现在及物动词(需要 带宾语的动词)之后,或者介词之后。 1. He writes poems. (他写诗。) 问:写什么? 答:poems -> 宾语: 2. She gave her friend a gift. (她给了她的朋友一份礼物。) 直接宾语: (给什么?) 间接宾语: (给谁?) 3. he cat is on the table. (猫在桌子上。) 介词:on; 介词宾语: poems a gift her friend the table 句子成分(宾语): 宾语通常由什么词/结构充当: 1. He kicked the ball. (他踢了球。) 2. Can you see me? (你能看见我吗?) 3. I enjoy science fiction novels. (我喜欢科幻小说。) 4. He wants to leave. (他想离开。) 5. She avoids eating meat. (她避免吃肉。) 6. I know that you are busy. (我知道你很忙。) the ball me science fiction novels to leave eating meat that you are busy 名词 代词 名词短语 动词不定式 动名词 从句 (注) 分词不能充当宾语。 特点 主语 宾语 角色 位置 通常在谓语动词 通常在谓语动词 疑问词 谁/什么+ 动词? 动词 + 谁/什么? 例句 The dog (主) chased the cat (宾). She gave me (间宾) a book(直宾). 主语 vs. 宾语:关键区别 动作执行者 / 状态承担者 动作承受者 / 动作对象 前 后 句子成分(谓语): 谓语(Predicate)是句子的核心组成部分之一, 它描述主语的动作、状态或特征。 谓语部分 = 动词 + 所有补充成分 (宾语/补语/状语等)。 2. 它回答“主语做了什么?/ 主语是什么状态?” 3. 他是句子完整性的关键(无谓语则不成句)。 句子成分(谓语): 谓语的类型: 1. 简单谓语(Simple Predicate) 仅由动词(或动词短语)构成,不含 其他修饰成分。 例句: Birds fly.(鸟飞。) She has finished her work. (她已完成工作。) fly has finished 句子成分(谓语): 谓语的类型: 2. 复合谓语(Compound Predicate) 包含多个动词,共同描述主语的动作。 例句: He woke up and brushed his teeth. (他醒来并刷牙。) You may keep the book for two weeks. (这本书你可以借阅两周。) woke up and brushed may keep 句子成分(谓语): 谓语的类型: 3. 完整谓语(Complete Predicate) 或称谓语部分 动词 + 所有修饰成分(宾语/补语/状语等), 即主语外的全部内容。 例句: The children played soccer in the park yesterday. (孩子们昨天在公园踢足球。) played soccer in the park yesterday 句子成分(谓语): 如何识别谓语: 1. 先找到主语(问:“谁/什么”是句子的核心?)。 2. 问:“主语做了什么?/ 主语是什么状态?” 答案就是谓语部分。 例句分析: My brother(主语) bought a new car last week(谓语部分). → 问:My brother 做了什么? → 答: 。 bought a new car last week(谓语部分) 句子成分(表语): 表语(Predicative)也称为主语补语(Subject Complement),是跟在系动词(Linking Verb)后的成分,用于描述、说明或定义主语的身份、状态或特征。 形式 例子 He is a teacher. (他是老师。) The winner is you. (获胜者是你。) The sky looks blue. (天空看起来很蓝。) She was the first. (她是第一个。) The cat is under the table. (猫在桌子底下。) His goal is to succeed. (他的目标是成功。) Her hobby is painting. (她的爱好是画画。) The truth is that he lied. (真相是他说谎了。) 名词 代词 形容词 数词 介词短语 非谓语形式 动名词 从句 SV: 主 谓 SVO: 主 谓 宾 SVOC: 主 谓 宾 宾补 SVOO: 主 谓 间宾 直宾 SVP: 主 系 表 五大基本句型: 小试牛刀: Judge the five basic sentence patterns: 1. Roses are red. 2. They offered him a job. 3. We found the plan practical. 4. Children laugh. 5. Farmers grow rice. 6. His idea sounds great. 7. The teacher assigned students homework. 8. He found the door locked. SVOC SVP SVOO SVOC SV SVO SVP SVOO 句子成分(定语): 定语(Attributive)是一种修饰成分,用于限定、描述或补充说明名词或代词的特征(如性质、状态、数量、所属等)。 形式 例子 a tall building(高的建筑) my father’s car(我父亲的车) this house(这栋房子) first prize(第一名) the map of the city(城市的地图) the girl singing on stage(在台上唱歌的女孩) a book to read(一本可读的书) the man who saved me(救了我的男人) 形容词 名词所有格 代词 数词 介词短语 分词短语 不定式 从句 句子成分(状语): 状语(Adverbial)是句子的修饰成分,用于描述动作发生的时间、地点、方式、原因、程度、条件等背景信息。 1. She speaks fluently. 2. It’s extremely cold. He always arrives early. 4. They met at the café. 5. We left before dawn. He trembled out of fear. 7. Laughing happily, she opened the gift. 8. Seen from space, Earth looks blue. 9. She studies hard to become a doctor. 10.He woke up to find snow outside. (方式) (程度) (频率) (地点) (时间) (原因) (伴随) (条件) (目的) (结果) 句子成分(同位语): 同位语(Appositive)是一个名词或名词性结构,紧邻另一个名词或代词(称为先行词),对其重命名、具体化或补充说明,二者指向同一对象。 形式 例句 解析 My brother David called. "David" 重命名 "brother" Beijing, China's capital, is crowded. 短语具体化北京的身份 We each work hard. 量化We 的个体分配 The fact that he lied shocked us. 从句解释 "fact" 的内容 His dream to travel space came true. 说明 "dream" 的具体目标 单个名词 名词短语 代词 同位语从句 不定式短语 判断句型的方法: 1. 先判断动词类型(及物/不及物/ 系动词); 2. 识别宾语/补语是否存在; 3. 双宾结构中,间宾在前(常是人), 直宾在后(常是物); 4. 宾补需与宾语有逻辑关联 5. 定语、状语只修饰,同位语乃补充 小试牛刀: Judge the five basic sentence patterns: 1. My old friend, a famous writer, arrived yesterday. 2. The diligent student studies English grammar every morning. 3. The ancient castle looks mysterious at night. 4. The kind lady gave the homeless man a warm blanket last night. 5. The committee elected him chairman a position of responsibility. 6. The curious cat climbed quickly. SV SV SVO SVP SVOO SVOC 小试牛刀: Judge the five basic sentence patterns: 7. I found the old book extremely interesting in the library, a treasure trove of knowledge. 8. She sent her best friend a handwritten letter from Italy. 9. His dream, to travel the world, seems impossible now. 10. Our physics teacher, Dr. Smith, explained the theory clearly. 11. They named the newborn baby Ella, a family tradition. 12. The theory proposed by Einstein remains fundamental in physics. SVP SVOC SVOO SVP SVO SVOC 小试牛刀: Name the component of the underlined part.: 1. Her idea, a revolutionary solution, proved successful in practice. 2. The company offered its employees flexible schedules during the pandemic. 3. The scientist, a Nobel Prize winner, carefully examined the data in her lab last night, making detailed notes. 4. The chef prepared a special dish, spicy lobster, with great care. 主 语 同 位 语 状 语 直 接 宾 语 状 语 状 语 同 位 语 小试牛刀: Name the component of the underlined part.: 5. The storm made the sky dark within minutes. 6. My mentor, an experienced engineer, taught me valuable skills patiently. 7. Children in the park laughed loudly. 8. Time heals wounds. 9. She made him cry. 10. The milk turned sour. 11. The room seems empty. 表 语 宾补 直 接 宾 语 定 语 谓 语 系动词 宾补 THE END $$

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Unit1 Back to School Grammar and usage II (语法课件)-2024-25学年高一英语单元核心语法词汇精讲课件(译林版2020必修第一册)
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Unit1 Back to School Grammar and usage II (语法课件)-2024-25学年高一英语单元核心语法词汇精讲课件(译林版2020必修第一册)
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Unit1 Back to School Grammar and usage II (语法课件)-2024-25学年高一英语单元核心语法词汇精讲课件(译林版2020必修第一册)
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Unit1 Back to School Grammar and usage II (语法课件)-2024-25学年高一英语单元核心语法词汇精讲课件(译林版2020必修第一册)
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Unit1 Back to School Grammar and usage II (语法课件)-2024-25学年高一英语单元核心语法词汇精讲课件(译林版2020必修第一册)
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Unit1 Back to School Grammar and usage II (语法课件)-2024-25学年高一英语单元核心语法词汇精讲课件(译林版2020必修第一册)
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