专题09 句型-2025年英语小升初知识详细讲解

2025学年英语小升初知识详细讲解 专题09 句型 专题解说 句子是由单词按一定的语法结构组成来表达完整思想的语言单位。 考点归纳 考点 知识梳理 要点提示 陈 述 句 用来说明一件事情或者陈述一个事实，表达说话人的看法 或观点的句子叫陈述句。 形式 构成 例句 陈述 句的 肯定 式 (1)主语+系动词+表语． (2)主语+谓语动词． (3)主语+谓语动词+宾语． (4)主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。 (5)主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语。 He is a student.他是一名学生。 She laughed.她笑了。 I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。 He gave me a bag. 他给了我一个包。 We call it Mimi. 我们叫它咪咪。 陈述 句的 否定 式 (1)主语+be动词+not+其他。 (2)主语+助动词+not+实义动词+其他。 (3)主语+情态动词+not+实义动词+其他。 He is not at school.他不在学校。 Tom didn't go to school yesterday.汤姆昨天没有上学。 He can't dance.他不会跳舞。 在陈述句中，要注意主语和谓语的一致。如果主语是单数，谓语也应使用单数形式；如果主语是复数形式，那么谓语也要做相应的改变，有时表语或宾语也要做相应的改变。 疑 问 句 用来提出疑问的句子叫疑问句。疑问句的句末用问号。疑问句可分为四类：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。在小学阶段主要运用的是前三种。 一般 疑问句 能用yes或no回答的句子叫一般疑问句。 (1)一般疑问句的结构： ①系动词+主语+表语(+其他)？ ②助动词／情态动词+主语+动词原形(+其他)？ (2)肯定回答：Yes,主语+ be动词／助动词／情态动词。 (3)否定回答：No,主语+be动词／助动词／情态动词+not. 特殊 疑问句 由疑问词开头的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。常见的疑问词有：what、when、where、which、who、whose、how、why等。 特殊疑问句的结构： ①疑问词(作主语)+谓语动词+其他？ ②疑问词+一般疑问句？ 选择 疑问句 提出两个答案供对方选择的疑问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句的结构： ①一般疑问句+or+可选择部分？ ②特殊疑问句+可选择部分+or+可选择部分？ ③一般疑问句+or not? 1.特殊疑问句不能用Yes或No来回答，而必须根据特殊疑问句提出的具体问题有针对性地进行回答。 2.选择疑问句不能用Yes或No来回答，而是根据提供的选择从中选取一个，用完整的句子来回答。 祈 祷 句 表示请求、劝告、命令、建议或者祝愿的句子叫祈使句。祈使句通常用感叹号结尾，但当语气表述不强烈时可用句号。 肯定的祈使句 Be careful! 小心！ 否定的祈使句： ①动词前面加don't或never ②No + doing!或 No +名词！ Don't be late for school!上学不要迟到！ No smoking! 请勿吸烟！ No pets! 禁止携带宠物！ Let开头的祈使句 Let me have a try! 让我试一试！ 祈使句并不是没有主语，只是通常都省略。祈使句的主语是第二人称you. 感 叹 句 表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情的句子叫感叹句。感叹句句 末用感叹号。 what引导的感叹句 ①What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式(+主语+谓语+其他)！ ②What+形容词+可数名词复数形式(+主语+谓语+其他)！ ③What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语+其他)！ how引导的感叹句 ①How+形容词／副词(+主语+谓语+其他)！ ②How+形容词／副词+a/an+可数名词单数形式(+主语+谓语)！ 1.感叹句在口语中，一般省略主语和谓语。 2.what引导的感叹句通常可与how引导的感叹句进行转换。如： What a lovely girl she is! =How lovely the girl is!她是多么可爱的一个姑娘啊！ There be 句型 There be句型又叫存在句，表示某时、某地有某事物或某人。在这个句型中，There是个引导词，本身没有意义。 There be句型的构成。 形式 构成 肯定句 There be+a/an/some+某事物／某人+某地／某时。 否定句 ①There be+not+a/an/any+某事物／某人+某地／某时。 ②There be+no+某事物／某人+某地／某时。 一般疑问句 Be there+a/an/any+某事物／某人+某地／某时？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+be there+某地／某时？ There be 句型用法口诀： There be 句型有特点，主语放在be后面。 主语单数用is,主语复数要用 变否定很简单，be后要把not添。 变问句也不难，把be提到there前。 肯定句中用some,否定、疑问用any. There be 句型中的be是谓语动词，be后面的名词为主语，谓语应和后面的主语在数上一致，即主语是单数或不可数时，用there is;主语是复数时，用there are.但如果句中有两个或更多的主语时，谓语常和最靠近它的主语保持一致。 考点剖析 考点一 陈述句 例题 完成下列各题。 1.连词成句。 much, English, he, very, likes (.) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.选出错误的选项，并在横线上改正。 ( )My brother doesn't watches TV every day._________ A B C 剖析 1.本题考查陈述句的句子结构。先根据陈述句的结构形式确定句子的主语和谓语， 分别是he和likes,再将其他成分填充到句子中。 2.本题主要考查陈述句的否定式。陈述句的否定式结构有：①be +not; ②情态动词+not +动词原形；③do/does/did+not+动词原形。本题属于第三种情况，My brother是第三人称单数，必须用助动词does,其否定形式为doesn't.需要注意的是助动词后面的实义动词必须用原形。所以C错误。 答案:1.He likes English very much. 2.C watch 知能训练一 一、按要求完成句子。 1. I usually finish my homework before dinner.(用 she 改写) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Ben read an interesting story yesterday.(改为否定句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.There are some books in his bag.(改为否定句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.There is a storybook.(改为复数形式) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、连词成句。 1. will, cloudy, be, It, tomorrow(.) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.very, They, busy, aren't (.) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. ill, yesterday, Tom, was (.) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.next,I, to, week, will, go, Beijing (.) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 考点二 疑问句 例题 将下列句子改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答。 1.My sister can do her homework on time. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.I watched the basketball match yesterday. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 剖析 例题考查陈述句与一般疑问句之间的转换及一般疑问句的答语。 1.当陈述句中含有be动词或情态动词时，将陈述句改为一般疑问句只要将be动词或情态动词提前到句首，句末标点改为问号即可。有时人称代词要适当变化，比如第一人称通常要改为第二人称。 2.当陈述句中谓语动词是实义动词时，改为一般疑问句要借助助动词do的相应形式。 答案:1.Can your sister do her homework on time? Yes, she can. 2. Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? Yes, I did. 知能训练二 一、单项选择。 1.________ you________ some reading in English every day? A. Are; do B. Do; do C. Do; does D. Does; do 2.- ________ are you going? -I'm going to the library. A. Who B. Which C. What D. Where 3. ________ you________ your homework now? A. Do; doing B. Are; doing C. Were; doing D. Does; do 4.- ________ one is fatter, the blue one or the red one? -The blue one. A. What B. Which C. Where D. How 二、从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组补全句子。 What What colour Who When Why Where How much 1. ________ are you going tomorrow? 2. ________ are you doing now? 3. ________ is the bag? -Twenty yuan. 4.- ________ will you play basketball? -At ten to five. 5.- ________ is that woman? -Miss Tang. 6.- ________ is the sofa? -It's black and white. 7.- ________ are you wearing a dress? -Because it's going to be sunny. 考点三 祈使句 例题 按要求完成句子。 1.Close the door, please.(改为否定祈使句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Don't cross the road.(改为肯定祈使句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 剖析 例题考查祈使句的肯定式和否定式之间的转换。 1.祈使句的否定形式通常为““Don't+动词原形(+其他)，please.”或“Please +don't+动词原形(+其他)。”。注意否定式中不用doesn't或didn't,而用don't. 2.祈使句的肯定形式通常为“Please+动词原形(+其他)。”或“动词原形(+其他)，please.”。 答案:1.Don't close the door, please. 2.Cross the road. 知能训练三 一、单项选择。 1. ________ in the street. It's dangerous. A. No play B. Not to play C. Don't play D. Don't to play 2.Don't________ late for school. A. be B. is C. am D. are 3. ________! I'm trying to hear what the man is saying. A. Don't be quiet B. Be quiet C. Being quiet D. Please quiet 二、将下列句子改成祈使句。 1. You mustn't make a noise. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. You can open the window. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.You mustn't touch it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.You can't sit here. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 考点四 感叹句 例题 用What或How填空。 1. ________ a good idea! 2. ________ interesting the film is! 剖析 例题考查what和how引导的感叹句。what强调名词或名词短语，how 强调形容词或副词。感叹句的构成是：感叹词+感叹部分(强调部分)+主语+谓语！ 1.本题中的感叹部分是a good idea,是一个名词短语，所以应用what引导，这个感叹句省略了主语和谓语。 2.本题中的感叹部分是形容词 interesting(the film是主语)，所以应用how引导。 答案:1.What 2.How 知能训练四 一、单项选择。 1. ________ hard the girl is working! A. What B. What a C. How a D. How 2. ________ clean water! A. What a B. How C. What D. How a 3. ________ delicious the dish is! A. What a B. How C. What D. How a 4. ________ strange clothes he is wearing! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 5. ________ interesting subject it is! A. What B. How C. What an D. How an 二、将下列句子改成感叹句。 1.The boy is very clever. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.It's a beautiful flower. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.The ice cream is so nice. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.It's a fine day today. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 考点五There be句型 例题 单项选择。 1.There________ some water in the bottle. A. is B. are C. have D. be 2.There________ a pencil and many pens in Tom's schoolbag. A. is B. are C. have D. be 剖析 例题考查There be句型中be动词的单、复数。在做题时，要注意根据主语的单、复数形式来确定be动词的单、复数。 1.本题中的主语some water为不可数名词，所以be动词应用is.另外，要注意There be句型不能与have共用。 2.本题中的主语是a pencil and many pens.当句中有两个或更多的主语时，谓语be动词要和最靠近它的主语保持一致，所以be动词应用is. 答案:1.A 2.A 知能训练五 一、用be动词的正确形式填空。 1.There________ an eraser in the pencil box. 2.There________ some tea in the cup. 3.There________ four people in my family. 4.There________ a picture and two maps on the wall. 5.- ________ there a cat under the tree? -Yes, there________. 二、单项选择。 1.There________ some milk in the glass. A. is B. are C. have D. has 2.There________ some students in the classroom. A. are B. is C. do D. does 3.There________ a pencil, a book and two pens on the table. A. is B. are C. have D. has 4.-Are there________ houses near the river? -Yes, there are________. A. some; some B. any; some C. any; any D. some; any 5.-Are there________ shops near here? -No, there are________ shops near here. A. some; not B. some; any C. any; not D. any; no 过关训练 一、选词填空。 1.There________ (is/are) a book and some pencils on the desk. 2. ________ (Do/Did)you play football yesterday? 3.If you want to be strong, you should________ (do/doing) more exercise. 4. ________ (How/What) a big dog it is! 5.They________ (water/are watering) the flowers now. 6.He________ (goes/went) to the zoo last Sunday. 7.Please be quiet. This baby________ (sleeps/is sleeping). 8.She often________ (have/has) lunch at home. 9.Are there________ (some/any) students in the classroom? 10.He________ (sang/sings) an English song the day before yesterday. 二、单项选择。 1.I always help him________ his room. A. clean B. cleans C. cleaned 2.He will________ a pretty skirt for his sister. A. buy B. buys C. bought 3.-Is your friend a boy or a girl? -________ A. No, he isn't. B.A boy. C. Yes, she is a girl. 4.Don't________ angry with this boy. A. be B. am C. is 5. ________ beautiful songs they are! A. How B. What C. What a 6.Does she________ an English dictionary? A .has B. have C. had 7.There are some________ in the box. A. water B. flower C. toys 8.-Liu Tao lives near his school. ________ does he come to school? -He often comes to school by bike. A. How B. When C. What 9.Listen! She________ loudly in her bedroom. A. is singing B. sang C. sings 10.They________ in the river now. A. swim B. swimming C. are swimming 三、选择合适的疑问词填空。 A. How B. Who C. Where D. When E. Why 1.- ________ is that boy? -He is my brother. 2.- ________ do you play football? -At 2:30 p.m. 3.- ________ do you go to Shanghai? -By train. 4.- ________ do you like winter? -Because I can make a snowman. 5.- ________ are you going for your holiday? -I'm going to Beijing. 四、按要求完成句子。 1.Take off your coat.(改为否定句) ________ ________ off your coat. 2.Nancy gets up at 6:30 every morning.(改为一般疑问句) ________ Nancy________ up at 6:30 every morning? 3.Are these potatoes big?(作否定回答) No, ________ ________. 4.Ted put his bag in the desk.(对画线部分提问) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Tom bought a new schoolbag yesterday.(改为一般疑问句) ________ Tom________ a new schoolbag yesterday? 五、按要求改写句子。 1.Those flowers are very beautiful.(改为感叹句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.He runs very fast.(改为感叹句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.You mustn't laugh at others.(改为祈使句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.We have English on Monday.(加上 Tuesday 改成选择疑问句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.I watch TV every evening.(用 she代替I改写句子) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 真题演练 一、(宁波)连词成句。 1.this, books, you, Did, park, often, read, in (?) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.going,are,to,they,do,What(?) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.next,It,the,to,is,bookstore(.) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.work,he,How,to, go, does (?) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.no,in,There,library,was,my, school (.) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、(南京)根据汉语意思，完成句子。 1.为了保持安全，你可以在人行道上等。 To________ ________, you can________ on the pavement. 2.你不应该吃太多的肉。 You________ eat too________ meat. 3.他有时候在课堂上感到困倦。 He sometimes________ ________ in class. 4.狮子生气了，想要吃那只兔子。 The lion was________ and________ to eat that rabbit. 5.你应该把你的物品整理得井井有条。 You should________ your things in________. 三、(武汉)从方框中选择合适的选项补全对话。 John: Hi! This is John. Can I speak to Mike, please? Mike: Hello, John. This is Mike speaking. John: 1 Mike: No, I didn't have a good holiday at that time. John: 2 Mike: I went to Hainan last summer holiday. John: How did you go there? Mike: 3 Because it is too far. John: Are you going to Hainan this summer holiday? Mike: No, I'm not. I am going to Changsha. John: 4 Mike: I am going to take pictures and eat good food. John: 5 A. Where did you go last summer holiday? B. What are you going to do there? C. Oh, that sounds good. D.I went there by plane. E. Did you have a good holiday last year? 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________ 参考答案: 知能训练一 一、1.She usually finishes her homework before dinner. 2.Ben didn't read an interesting story yesterday. 3.There aren't any books in his bag. 4.There are some storybooks. 二、1.It will be cloudy tomorrow. 2.They aren't very busy. 3.Tom was ill yesterday. 4.I will go to Beijing next week. 知能训练二 一、1.B 2.D 3.B 4.B 二、1.Where 2.What 3.How much 4.When 5.Who 6.What colour 7.Why 知能训练三 一、1.C 2.A 3.B 二、1.Don't make a noise. 2. Open the window. 3.Don't touch it. 4.Don't sit here. 知能训练四 一、1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 二、1.How clever the boy is! 2.What a beautiful flower it is! 3.How nice the ice cream is! 4.What a fine day it is today! 知能训练五 一、1.is 2.is 3.are 4.is 5.Is is 二、1.A 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.D 过关训练 一、1.is 2.Did 3.do 4.What 5.are watering 6.went 7.is sleeping 8.has 9.any 10.sang 二、1.A 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.C 三、1.B 2.D 3.A 4.E 5.C 四、1.Don't take 2.Does get 3.they aren't 4.Where did Ted put his bag? 5.Did buy 五、1.How beautiful those flowers are! 2. How fast he runs! 3.Don't laugh at others. 4.Do you have English on Monday or Tuesday? 5.She watches TV every evening. 六、1.A How many 2.B open 3.A What 4.B goes 5.C swimming 真题演练 一、1.Did you often read books in this park? 2.What are they going to do? 3.It is next to the bookstore. 4.How does he go to work? 5.There was no library in my scho0l. 二、1.keep safety wait 2.shouldn't much 3.feels tired 4.angry wanted 5.keep order 三、1.E 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$