专题07 动词-2025年英语小升初知识详细讲解

2025学年英语小升初知识详细讲解 专题07 动词 专题解说 动词是表示人或事物的动作、状态的词。 考点归纳 考点 知识梳理 要点提示 实 义 动 词 实义动词是表示行为或状态的动词，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。实义动词按是否需要宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 1.及物动词后面必须带宾语，表示动作的对象。如： The students clean their classroom every day.学生们每天打扫教室。 2.不及物动词不能直接跟宾语或不需要带宾语。如： My watch stopped.我的表停了。 It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于1932年6月。 3.大多数实义动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如： The students study English and German. 学生们学习英语和德语。(study作及物动词) The students study hard.学生们努力学习。(study作不及物动词) When did they leave China? 他们是什么时候离开中国的？(leave作及物动词) They left last week.他们是上周离开的。(left作不及物动词) 1.在一般现在时的肯定句中，当主语为第三人称单数时，实义动词要相应地变为第三人称单数形式；当主语为非第三人称单数时，实义动词要用动词原形。 2.在一般现在时和一般过去时中，变否定句和疑问句时，不能直接在动词上变，要借助助动词do/does/did的相应形式。 情 态 动 词 和 助 动 词 1.情态动词有词义，但它不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，它的后面必须跟动词原形。 情态动词 用法及例句 否定式 can(过去式could) 意为“能；可能；可以”，表示能力、许可、请求。如： Can I use your bike?我可以用你的自行车吗？ cannot ＝can't may 意为“可以；可能；祝愿”，表示同意、许可或请求对方许可，也可表示祝愿。如： You may put on more clothes. 你可能要多穿衣服。 may not must 意为“必须；一定；应该”，表示必须、必要、推测。如： I must go now.现在我必须得走了。 must not ＝mustn't need 意为“需要”，常用于疑问句、否定句中。在肯定句中一般用 must、have to、should代替。如： You needn't come so early.你不必来得这么早。 need not ＝needn't 2.助动词一般没有词义，主要帮助构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等，或者构成疑问句或否定句。常见的助动词有：be(无词义)、do(无词义)、have(无词义)、shall(将要)、will(将要)。 (1)be的助动词用法。be作助动词时，用来构成进行时态和被动语态。 (2)do的助动词用法。do作助动词时，用来构成疑问句、否定句、强调句。 (3)have的助动词用法。have作助动词时，用来构成完成时态。 (4)shall和will的助动词用法。shall和 will作助动词时，用来构成将来时态。 1.can用在疑问句中，表示征求意见、请求许可，答语仍用can. could 用在疑问句中，比can更委婉、客气，是一种礼貌的说法，并不表示过去时态，答语用can,而不能用could. 2.can和 could 常用于现在时和过去时两种时态，将来时中用 be able to.另外，can't可表示否定推测。 3.以may开头的一般疑问句，其否定回答用mustn't或can't,而不用may not. 4.在回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn't(禁止；不准)，而用needn't, don't have to(不必)。 5.need 作实义动词时，有人称、时态和数的变化，后面接带to的不定式。 系 动 词 1.系动词词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。小学英语中常见的系动词主要有be 动词(am、is、are、was、were)和感官动词(look、feel、sound等)。 2.be动词用法口诀： be是am、is、are. 我(I)用am,你(you)用are, is用于他(he)、她(she)、它(it). 单数is,复数are,不可数名词用is. 若是遇上过去时，was和were来替换。 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。 变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 常 用 的 动 词 短 语 ask for请求；询问 agree with 同意 clean the house 打扫房屋 clean the floor 扫地 collect stamps 集邮 come back回来 come from来自······ come here来这里 come in 进来 come on过来；加油 come down落下来 come along 随同 cook the meal 做饭 cut down 砍倒 dig a hole 挖坑；挖洞 do housework 做家务 do sports 做运动 do morning exercises 晨练 do some reading 读书 do one's homework 做作业 draw a picture 画画 drive a car驾车 drink some water 喝些水 fall down 落下 get off 下车 get on上车 get to 到达 get up 起床 get out of 走出(······之外) grow up 长大 go and have a look 去看一看 go back 回去 go boating 去划船 go fishing 去钓鱼 go for a walk 去散步 go home 回家 go on a diet 节食 go out 出去 go shopping 去购物 go skating 去滑冰 go skiing 去滑雪 go straight on 直走 go swimming 去游泳 go to bed 去睡觉 go to school 去上学 go to the cinema去看电影 go to work 去上班 have a bath 洗澡 hurry up 快点 had better 最好······ have a Chinese lesson 上语文课 have a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a headache 头痛 have a look 看一看 have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心 have a toothache 牙痛 have a rest 休息 have a picnic举行野餐活动 have a try 试一试 have a trip 去旅游 have a stomachache 胃痛 have lunch 吃午饭 have breakfast 吃早餐 have some Coke 喝些可乐 have time有时间 have fun 玩得开心 have a look=take a look 看 have supper/dinner 吃晚饭 hold up 举起 keep on(doing sth.)继续(反复)做某事 keep a diary 记日记 listen to music 听音乐 listen to the CDs听 CD listen to the radio 听收音机 laugh at 嘲笑 look for 寻找 let me see 让我想一想；让我看一看 look at=have a look at 看 look after=take care of 照顾 look around=look about 环顾四周 look out=be careful 当心；小心 look up向上看；(在词典中)查阅 make friends 交朋友 make clothes 做衣服 make the bed整理床铺 make money赚钱 make a noise 吵闹 make a face 做鬼脸 make trouble 惹麻烦 make friends with sb.与某人做朋友 make a mistake 犯错误 be made in由(某产地)制造 be made(up)of 由······组成(构成) pick up 捡起 plant trees种树 play basketball 打篮球 play badminton 打羽毛球 play cards 打牌 play football 踢足球 play games 玩游戏 play tennis 打网球 play the guitar 弹吉他 play table tennis 打乒乓球 play the piano 弹钢琴 put away 放好；收起来 put down放下；扑灭；平息 put into添加；投资；输入；使进入 put off 延期-put on穿(衣)；戴(帽) put on performances 演出 put up 挂起；张贴；举起；抬起；建造 ride a bike 骑自行车 see a film看电影 take a message 传递信息 take exercise 进行锻炼 take medicine 服药 take photos 照相 talk with 与······谈话 think of认为；想起 turn down关小；调低 take away 拿走 take a taxi 乘出租车 take part in 参加；参与 take back带回；收回 take down 拿下 take a look(at)看一下 take off脱下；起飞 take...out把······拿出来 turn to转到；翻到 turn...into...把······变成······ turn off关上(灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等) turn on开；旋开(电灯、无线电等) wait a moment稍等一下 wait for等候 wash clothes 洗衣服 wash dishes 洗碟子 watch TV看电视 watch a football match 看足球赛 water the flower 浇花 water the tree 浇树 write a letter 写信 反复记忆，知识自然而然就会熟能生巧。 考点剖析 考点一 实义动词 例题 按要求完成下列各题。 1.根据句意及首字母提示写单词，完成句子。 In spring, we often p_______ trees. 2.单项选择。 I_______ a play with my family yesterday. A. visited B. saw C. see D. study 剖析 1.由句中的In spring和trees可知这里表示“植树”，应填意为“种植”的动词，再由we often 可知本句为一般现在时，主语为第一人称复数，所以填单词plant. 2.由句中的yesterday可知本句为一般过去时，可以排除选项C和D.再根据空格后面的a play可知句意为“昨天我和家人一起看了一场演出”，故选B. 答案:1.plant 2.B 知能训练一 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.I_______ (read) a new book yesterday. 2.Sam_______ (bring) some water quickly and poured it into the hole. 二、单项选择。 1. I hope my dream can_______. A. come true B. came true C. to come true 2. There is a lot of_______ in Yangzhou in summer. It always_______ heavily. A. rain; rains B. rainy; rains C. rain; rain 3.-Will you go for a holiday in October? -Yes. We_______ Big Ben. A. visit B. visited C. will visit 考点二 情态动词和助动词 例题 按要求完成下列各题。 1.单项选择。 -Must I do my homework now? -No, you_______. You can have a rest first. A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. wouldn't 2.用适当的助动词填空。 -What_______ you do yesterday? -I wrote to my friend. 剖析： 1.在回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn't, mustn't意为“千万不要；禁止”，而用 needn't, needn't意为“不必”。 2.本题中需用助动词do的适当形式帮助构成疑问句，由时间状语yesterday 可知动作发生在过去，所以要用do的过去式did. 答案：1.B 2.did 知能训练二 一、用情态动词或助动词的适当形式填空。 1. She is blind. She_______ see. 2.-What_______ you often do on Sunday? -I often play basketball. 3.- _______ you clean your room yesterday? -Yes, I_______. 二、单项选择。 1.You_______ drink more water. A. could B. would C. should 2.- _______ I water the trees on Tuesday? -No, you needn't. A. Can B. Must C. May 3.- _______ you like a glass of milk? -Yes, please. A. May B. Could C. Would 4.- _______ Fred like football? -Yes, he_______. A. Does; does B. Do; does C. Does; do 考点三 系动词 例题 按要求完成下列各题。 1.用be动词的适当形式填空。 Mike and Liu Tao_______ at school. 2.单项选择。 -I'm Lucy. Are you Alice? -_______ A. Yes, I am. B. No, I am. C. Yes, you are. D. Yes, I is. 剖析 1.根据be动词的用法，本题中的主语是Mike and Liu Tao,是复数，故用are. 2.由问句“Are you Alice?”可知，肯定答语为“Yes, I am.”，否定答语为“No, I'm not.”。故选A. 答案:1.are 2.A 知能训练三 一、用be动词的适当形式填空。 1.-How old_______ you? -I_______ ten years old. 2.-Where_______ your mother? -She_______ at home. 3.Whose socks_______ they? 4. There_______ no gym in my school ten years ago. 5. My favourite colour_______ blue. 二、单项选择。 1.There_______ two boys running on the street. A. am B. is C. are 2.There_______ a pen and two pencils in the box. A. are B. is C. has 3.Look! Sam_______ TV happily on the sofa. A. is watching B. watches C. watch 4.This car_______ made in Shanghai. A. is B. are C. has 考点四 常用的动词短语 例题 单项选择。 1.My aunt_______ her baby carefully. A. looks out B. looks at C. looks after 2.He often goes to the playground and_______ games. A. plays B. looks C. makes 剖析 1.本题要结合句子提供的情景和所给动词短语的意思来思考。look out表示“当心；小心；朝外看”，look at表示“看”，look after表示“照顾”。由baby和 carefully可推断出用looks after恰当。 2.本题要结合句子提供的情景和所给动词的意思来思考。由goes to the playground和games可知到操场上是去做游戏，所以用动词plays. 答案:1.C 2.A 知能训练四 一、将下列短语译成英语。 1.寻找_______ 2.穿(衣) _______ 3.吃早餐_______ 4.到达_______ 5.玩游戏_______ 6.回家_______ 7.等候_______ 8.长大_______ 9.快点_______ 10.休息_______ 二、单项选择。 1.It's 7:30 a.m. We are_______. A. having breakfast B. having lunch C. having dinner 2.-Maria, don't forget to_______ the sports shoes. You have a P.E. class today. -Thanks, mom. I won't. A. get up B. take off C. put on 3.The balls_______ the stairs. A. is falling B. are falling down C. falling down 4.-What did you do last night? -I_______ TV and read books. A. watch B. watched C. have watched 5.-May I_______ your bike? -Sure. A. ride B. riding C. rode 过关训练 一、选择合适的动词填空。(每词限用一次) have swimming see drink get watch come make draw play 1.She wants to_______ a film. 2.They_______ from Canada. 3.I didn't_______ a picture yesterday. 4.I_______ to the bus station at three o'clock. 5.It's so hot today. Let's go_______. 6.He can_______ basketball well. 7.They_______ TV at home every night. 8.I can_______ a snowman in winter. 9.We_______ lunch at school. 10.I'm thirsty. I want to_______ some water. 二、选择适当的情态动词填空。(可重复选) can can't may must mustn't needn't 1.The box is very heavy. Tom_______ move it. 2.Little Lily is only three. She_______ read or write, but she_______ sing and dance. 3. Look, the red light is on. We_______ stop at once. 4.Excuse me, sir. _______ I ask you a question? 5.- _______ you drive a car?-Sorry, I_______. 6. We know that soldiers_______ obey orders from officers. 7.Tom,you_______ read in the moonlight. It's no good for your eyes. 8.You_______ write to me if you don't have the time. 9.-Must I wait for you? -No, you_______. 10.-May I go now?-No, you_______. You must finish the job before you go. 三、单项选择。 1.I can_______ with my eyes. A. see B. hear C.eat 2.The shoes in the window are nice. Let's have a_______. A. look B. see C. watch 3.I_______ at five o'clock every day. A. go home B. go to home C. goes home 4.Tom can_______. A. play football B. play the football C. plays football 5.It's hot outside. Please_______ your coat. A. put on B. take off C. put away 6.We_______ remember the traffic rules. A. may B. can't C. must 7.Let's_______. A. go to shop B. go shop C. go shopping 8.I'm going to_______ tomorrow. A. take a trip B. takes a trip C. taking a trip 9.Please_______ the picture. A. look after B. look like C. look at 10. You should_______ your things in order. A. to put B. puts C. put 四、按要求完成句子。 1. You must go to school at seven o'clock.(改成否定句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.I can see some apples on the table.(改成一般疑问句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.I'd like some bananas.(对画线部分提问) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.He will water the flowers tomorrow.(改成一般疑问句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.They can see a film this afternoon.(改成否定句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、选出错误的选项，并在横线上改正。 ( )1. Do you have a good time last night? _______ A B C ( )2.They doesn't like the film. _______ A B C ( )3. Do Jim get up at six every day? _______ A B C ( )4.She will is ten next month. _______ A B C ( )5.Are you like brend? _______ A B C 真题演练 一、(福州)选词填空。 make go invite take learn 1.I'm ill. I must_______ the medicine. 2.Let's_______our parents to the party. 3.Ma Li will_______ to a middle school in September. 4.Teachers can help students_______. 5.They can_______ people feel happy. 二、单项选择。 1.(南京)-Did you go fishing yesterday?- _______ A. No, I did. B. No, I didn't. C. Yes, I do. 2.(南京)There_______ lots of orange juice on the table just now. A. is B. were C. was 3.(盐城)-Wang Bing, do you have any plans for the summer holiday? -Yes, I_______ with my best friend. A.travel B. am going to travel C. went travelling 4.(苏州)-Why_______ Helen take off her coat? -Because she wants to play table tennis. A. is B. do C. does 5.(广州)Eating too many sweets_______ bad for our teeth. A. are B. is C. be 6.(宁波)Jack couldn't ride a bike before. But now he_______ a bike to school every day. A. riding B. rode C. rides 7.(福州)The box is heavy. I_______ carry it. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. can't 三、(济南)从方框中选择合适的单词补全短文。 were could catch was had swam worried woke saw thought Last night, I 1 a dream. In my dream, I 2 swim like a little fish in the lake. There 3 many fish friends. It 4 so interesting. I 5 very fast. I could swim faster than other little fish. But suddenly, a very big fish 6 me, and tried to 7 me. I was so 8 .“What should I do?"I 9 .“I want to go back home.” Then I 10 up. Aha, it was all a dream! 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ 6. _______ 7. _______ 8. _______ 9. _______ 10. _______ 参考答案: 知能训练一 一、1.read 2.brought 二、1.A 2.A 3.C 知能训练二 一、1.can't 2.do 3.Did did 二、1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 知能训练三 一、1.are am 2.is is 3.are 4.was 5.is 二、1.C 2.B 3.A 4.A 知能训练四 一、1. look for 2.put on 3. have breakfast 4. get to 5.play games 6.go home 7. wait for 8. grow up 9.hurry up 10.have a rest 二、1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A 过关训练 一、1.see 2.come 3.draw 4.get 5.swimming 6.play 7.watch 8.make 9.have 10.drink 二、1.can't 2.can't can 3.must 4.May 5.Can can't 6.must 7.mustn't 8.needn't 9.needn't 10.can't/mustn't 三、1.A 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 四、1.You needn't go to school at seven o'clock. 2.Can you see any apples on the table? 3.What would you like? 4.Will he water the flowers tomorrow? 5.They can't see a film this afternoon. 五、1.A Did 2.A don't 3.A Does 4.B be 5.A Do 真题演练 一、1.take 2.invite 3.go 4.learn 5.make 二、1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.C 三、1.had 2.could 3.were 4.was 5.swam 6.saw 7.catch 8. worried 9.thought 10.woke 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$