专题06 介词和连词-2025年英语小升初知识详细讲解

2025学年英语小升初知识详细讲解 专题06 介词和数词 专题解说 介词一般用于名词或代词前，表示该词与句中其他成分的关系。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语(若是人称代词，则要用宾格)。介词和介词宾语合在一起构成介词短语。 连词是用来连接词与词、短语与短语，以及句子与句子的虚词。连词在句中不能单独作句子成分。 考点归纳 考点 知识梳理 要点提示 地 点 介 词 1.at表示在一个点(或小地方)。如： at the door 在门口 at the bus stop 在汽车站 2.in表示在一个范围(或大地方)。如： in Beijing 在北京 in the sea在海里 in the sky在空中 3.on表示在表面，意为“在······上面”，并与之接触。如： on the moon在月亮上 on the grass在草地上 4.above指“在·······上方”，不与之接触，不强调是否垂直，与below相对。如： The bird is flying above my head.鸟在我的头上飞。 5.over指垂直的上方，与under相对。over指与物体之间有一定的空间，不直接接触。如： There is a bridge over the river.在小河的上方有一座桥。 6.below和under表示“在······下面”。under表示“在······正下方”，below表示“在······下”，不一定在正下方。如： There is a cat under the table.在桌子下面有一只猫。 Write your name below the line.把你的名字写在线下面。 7. in front of 和 in the front of 表示“在······前面”。 in front of指一物在另一物之前，两者互不包括。其反义词是behind(在······的后面)。如： There are some flowers in front of the house.房子前面有些花卉。 in the front of 即一物在另一物范围内的前部。反义词组是at the back of(在······范围内的后部)。如： Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前部。(老师在教室里) 8.beside表示“在·······旁边”，behind表示“在······后面”。 时 间 介 词 1.表示时间的介词主要有at、on和in,它们的常见用法如下： at (1)钟点：at three o'clock在3点钟 (2)用餐：at lunchtime在午餐时间 (3)节日：at Spring Festival在春节 (4)年龄：at the age of...在······岁时 (5)时间：at this time of year 每年此时 (6)一天中的某段时间：at night在晚上 on (1)某一天的某时段：on Sunday afternoon 在星期天下午 (2)星期几：on Monday在星期一 (3)日期：on May 1st在5月1日 (4)节假日：on weekends在周末 in (1)一天中某段时间：in the morning/afternoon/evening在早上(上午)/下午/晚上 (2)月份：in January在1月 (3)季节：in spring/summer/autumn/winter 在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天 (4)年份：in 1989在1989年 2.in和after表示“在······之后”。 “in+一段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后。 “after+一段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后。 “after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。 1.在 last、next、this、that、some、every 等词之前一律不用介词。 2.介词歌： 年前月前要用in, 具体日子却用on, 遇到几号要用on, 上午下午又是in, 要说某日上下午， 用on换in记清楚， 午夜黄昏用at,黎明用它也不错， at用在时分前，说“差”可要用上to, 说“过”要用past. 方 式 介 词 1.by表示方法、方式。如： by bus坐公共汽车 by train坐火车 by bike骑自行车 2.in表示使用某种语言、工具。如： in English 用英语 in Chinese 用汉语 3.on表示使用某种交通工具。如： on a bike骑自行车 4.with表示使用某种工具、身体某部位。如： cut with a knife用小刀割 see with eyes用眼睛看 hear with ears 用耳朵听 by跟交通工具时无冠词，但是on跟交通工具时有冠词。步行用on foot. 方 向 介 词 1.from表示运动的始发地。如： She flies from China to Japan five times a month. 她每个月要从中国飞往日本五次。 2.to表示运动的目的地。如： I went to her.我去了她那里。 3.for表示“向·····,往······”。如： He will leave for Shanghai next week.他下周去上海。 4.up表示方向朝上或向北方。down表示方向朝下或向南方。 along表示“沿着·····.”。如： I ran up the hill.我跑上山。 Go along this street.沿着这条街走。 介词for后面可跟目的地。 常 见 的 介 词 短 语 1.常用介词和名词的连用。以下是由at、on和in构成的一些常见的介词短语。 (1)at at work在工作 at dinner在吃晚饭 at home 在家 at school 在学校 (2)on on duty 值日 on holiday度假 on time 准时 on foot步行 on the left/right在左边／右边on TV在电视上播放 on the phone 在通话中on the way 在路上 (3)in in bed躺在床上 in class在课堂上 in English用英语in the end 最后 in time 及时地 in a minute立刻；马上 2.动词和介词的连用。 go to bed 上床睡觉 go to work 上班 go to school上学listen to 听 write to 给······写信 hear of 听说hear from收到······的来信 look for寻找 look at看look after 照顾 wait for等待 get to 到达 get on上车get off下车 learn from向······学习 put on穿上take off脱下 agree with 同意 think about认为；考虑think of想到；认为 laugh at嘲笑 talk about 谈论worry about为······担忧 turn on 打开 come from来自welcome to 欢迎来到······ 3.形容词和介词的连用。 be afraid of 对······感到害怕 be interested in 对······感兴趣 be strict with 对······很严格 be busy with 忙于 be good at 擅长 be good for 对······有好处 be bad for 对······有害处 be late for迟到 be ready for为······做好准备 be different from与······不同 be far from 离······远 be near to 离······近 4.其他。 by+交通工具：by bus/train/plane/air/ship/bike by oneself独自 by the way顺便问一下lots of/a lot of 许多；大量 of course 当然 at most至多at least至少 at once立即；马上 可要熟记常见的介词短语哦！ 连 词 1.and意为“和，又，而且”，表示并列。如： Come and have tea with me.过来跟我一起喝茶。 Work hard and you'll succeed.努力干吧，你会成功的。 2.or意为“或者；还是”，表示选择。如： Is he English or Chinese?他是英国人还是中国人？ 3.but意为“但是”，表示转折。如： He is poor, but very happy,他很穷，但是很快乐。 1.连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。小学阶段主要掌握这三个并列连词。 2.在并列结构中，and 通常用于肯定句中，or用于否定句、疑问句中。 考点剖析 考点一 地点介词 例题 看图，在横线上填写适当的介词。 1.-Where's Jerry? -It's________ the box.(见图1) 2.-Where's Jerry?-It's________ the box.(见图2) 3.-Where's Jerry?-It's________ the box.(见图3) 图1 图2 图3 剖析 1.表示“在······里面”，指一物体在另一物体的内部，用介词in. 2.表示“在······上面”，指一物体在另一物体的上面，两个物体接触，用介词on. 3.表示“在······下面”，指一物体在另一物体的正下方，用介词under. 答案:1.in 2.on 3.under 知能训练一 一、根据图片提示，补全句子。 1.A:Where________ the keys? B:They're________ the________. 2.A:Where's the________?________ it on your desk? B:No,it's________ the chair. 3.A:Where________ the pencils? B:I don't know. Are they________ the________? A:Yes,they are. 二、选出错误的选项，并在横线上改正。 ( )1.There are two kites in the wall. ________ A B C ( )2. You have to stay on bed. ________ A B C 考点二 时间介词 例题 单项选择。 1.-Is your birthday________ July? -Yes, it's________ July 5th. A. in; in B. on; on C. in; on D. on; in 2.Children go to school________ the age of six. A. at B. on C. in D. for 剖析 1.in用于表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。on表示具体某一天及早、中、晚。由第一空后的July可知此处应填介词in,第二空后的July 5th表示具体的某一天，可知此处应填on. 2.at用于表示时间点，表示确定的时间或假日。句中the age of six是一个确定的时间，故此处应填at. 答案 1.C 2.A 知能训练二 一、根据句意，用适当的介词填空。 1. The boy was born________ the 1st of June, 2005. 2.I go to school________ seven every day. 3.He gets up________ six o'clock in the morning. 4. ________ dinner I watch TV. 二、单项选择。 1.-Does the autumn start________ August? -Sometimes it does, but usually it starts________ September. A. in; in B. on; on C. at; at D. on; at 2.Many people work________ the day and sleep________ night. A. on; at B. in; in C. in; at D. at; in 3.We have sports________ two________ the afternoon. A. at; at B. on; in C. at; in D. on; with 4. ________ the future, students will study online at home. A. In B. At C. On D. With 考点三 方式介词 例题 单项选择。 1.My mother goes to work________ bus. A. on B. in C. by D. with 2.He is telling a story________ English. A. on B. in C. by D. with 剖析 1.介词by表示方法、方式，坐公交by bus=on a bus,句中bus前面没有冠词，故用介词by. 2.使用某种语言用介词in,由空格前的动词短语telling a story和空格后的English,可知此处是表示“用英语讲故事”，故应填介词in. 答案:1.C 2.B 知能训练三 一、单项选择。 1. How did Colin go to the Secret Garden at first? A. By a car. B. On his foot. C. By wheelchair. D. By the bike. 2.I can see________ my eyes. A. on B. by C. with D. in 3.What's this________ English? A. in B. at C. on D. under 4.Sometimes I go to school________ bike. A. by B. in C. on D. with 二、选出错误的选项，并在横线上改正。 ( )1.She usually goes to school by foot. ________ A B C ( )2.Can you say it on English? ________ A B C 考点四 方向介词 例题 单项选择。 1.Mr Brown comes________ America. A. at B. from C. in D. on 2.They will move________ the new school next Monday. A. on B. in C. to D. up 剖析 1.come from=be from,意为“来自于”，介词from表示来自始发地。 2.由空格后的the new school,可知空格处的介词表示目的地，故应填to. 答案：1.B 2.C 知能训练四 一、根据句意，用适当的介词填空。 1.Jim comes________ Japan. He is Japanese. 2.There is a letter________ you. 3.Go________ the street, and you'll find the post office. 二、单项选择。 1.Here is a present you________, Nancy. It's________ your grandma. A. from; for B. for; from C. for; for D. from; from 2.It's time________ school. Let's go________ school. A. to; for B. to; to C. for; to D. for; for 3.Count________ one________ ten. A. from; by B. from; to C. to; to D. at; to 4.Hong Kong is________ the south of China, and Macao is________ the west of Hong Kong. A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in 考点五 常见的介词短语 例题 单项选择。 1.My sister is looking________ her new shoes now. A. up B. after C. for D. to 2.It's cold outside. Please________ your warm clothes. A. put in B. take off C. put on D. put up 剖析 1.单词look与不同的介词搭配，构成的介词短语表达的意义不同。look up表示“查找”，look after表示“照顾”，look for表示“寻找”，根据句意可知此处应填介词for. 2.结合第一句中的cold和空格后的warm clothes,可知空格处表达的意思是“穿上”，故应填短语 put on. 答案:1.C 2.C 知能训练五 一、用适当的介词补全下列短语。 1. ________ first 2. ________ front of 3.because________ 4. ________ time 5. ________ the way 6.be interested________ 7.be good________ 8. ________ course 二、单项选择。 1. I often help my sister________ her homework. A. in B. with C. for D. to 2. Look________ the window. There is heavy rain. A. out of B. out for C. out D. for 3.The supermarket is far________ my home. A. from B. to C. for D. on 4.The classroom is quite different________ that one. A. of B. from C. with D. like 5.What do you think________ the play(戏剧)？ A. about B. of C. for D. like 考点六 连词 例题 根据句意，用适当的连词填空。 1.You can watch it,________ you can't touch it. 2.Which is bigger, this one________ that one? 剖析 1.从空格前一句中的can和后面句中的can't,可知此句为一个表示转折关系的并列句，所以用连词but. 2.句中的this one和that one为两个并列成分，故用表示选择的连词or连接。 答案:1.but 2.or 知能训练六 一、根据句意，用适当的连词填空。 1.Lucy________ I are good friends. 2.She is weak, ________ she never gives up exercising. 3.Hurry up, ________ you will miss the last bus. 二、单项选择。 1.They are all new, ________ I'm not. A. and B. but C. so D. or 2.The old woman can't read________ write. A. and B. or C. but D. and can 过关训练 一、英汉互译。 1.fall down________ 2.认为________ 3.look up________ 4.在右边________ 5.agree with________ 6.顺便问一下________ 7.do well in________ 8.坐飞机________ 9.put out________ 10.当然________ 二、选词填空。(每词限用一次) off in at to on by of for with from 1.The girl________ white is my sister. 2. Christmas is________ the 25th of December. 3.I often watch TV________ seven o'clock. 4.He is playing________ a toy train. 5.This is a photo________ my family. 6.Please take________ your sweater. 7.She is________ America. 8.It's good________ our health. 9.I go to the park________ bus. 10.I'm listening________ music. 三、单项选择。 1. Shanghai is________ the east of China. A. in B. to C. on D. from 2. There are lots________ desks and chairs in the classroom. A. of B. for C. with D. at 3.I have noodles________ breakfast. A. to B. for C. with D. in 4.Have one more try, ________ you will not succeed. A. and B. or C. then D. but 5.There are many apples________ the tree. A bird________ the tree is picking an apple. A. in; on B. on; in C. in; at D. at; on 6.The woman________ a blue dress is my teacher. A. in B. on C. of D. at 7.Thank you________ helping me. A. for B. to C. of D. with 8.I go to school________ Monday________ Friday. A .to; to B. from; from C. from; to D. from; on 9. Is the street too narrow for the bus to go________? A. through B. across C. on D. in 10.Who's that girl________ glasses? A. on B. in C. to D. with 四、根据句意，用合适的介词或连词填空。 1.The cinema is________ the right. 2.I often play football________ the afternoon. 3.Her birthday is________ June 1st. 4.There is a small river________ the two towns. 5.A plane is flying________ the city. 6. He usually goes to bed________ ten o'clock. 7.I want to buy a book________ animals. 8.I have rice and fish________ lunch. 9.-Is there a letter________ a postcard? -There's a letter. 10.Lucy has seen the film, ________ Lily hasn't. 五、选出错误的选项，并在横线上改正。 ( )1.I am good in Chinese. ________ A B C ( )2.Welcome with Beijing! ________ A B C ( )3.What's the muter for Tom? ________ A B C ( )4.She often helps me in my English. ________ A B C ( )5.I am looking after my backpack. I can’t find it. ________ A B C 六、翻译下列句子。 1.在河的上方有一座桥。 There is a bridge________ the river. 2.请叫凯特接电话好吗？ May I speak________ Kate? 3.他擅长踢足球。 He is good________ playing football. 4.请穿上你的毛衣。 Please put________ your sweater. 5.这个小男孩对科学很感兴趣。 The little boy is interested________ science. 七、阅读短文，选择正确的答案。 Susan is an old woman. She lives with her husband in a big house. One day, the old woman saw a mouse running across her kitchen floor. She was very afraid of it. She ran out of the house and took a bus to a shop. She bought a mouse-trap(捕鼠器)in the shop. The shopkeeper said to her, “Put some cheese(奶酪) in it, and you will soon catch the mouse." The old woman went home with the mouse-trap. But she couldn't find any cheese in the fridge. She didn't want to go back to the shop again, because it was too late. So she cut a picture of some cheese from a magazine and put it into the trap. To her surprise, when she came into the kitchen the next morning, there was a picture of mouse in the trap. 1.What did the old woman see in the kitchen? A. Some cheese. B.A mouse. C.A cat. D.A magazine. 2.How did the old woman go to the shop? A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By bus. D. By taxi. 3.What did the old woman buy in the shop? A. Some cheese. B.A picture. C.A fridge. D.A mouse-trap. 4.Did the woman catch the mouse with the mouse-trap the next morning? A. Yes, she did. B. No, she wasn't. C. No, she didn't. D. Sorry, we don't know. 5.The word “surprise" means________ in Chinese. A.惊讶 B.高兴 C.伤心 D.着急 真题演练 一、单项选择。 1.(南京)-What are you going to do________ the party? -I'm going to buy some fruit. A. at B. to C. for 2.(厦门)What are you going to do________? A. next weekend B. last Sunday C. now 3.(黄冈) I bought you a book________ plants. A. about B. for C. with 4.(武汉)Peter visited his teachers________ Sunday evening. A. at B. in C. on 5.(武汉)John went to a park________ bus yesterday. A. with B. by C. on 6.(武汉)I________ on the Internet last month. A. look it up B. looked it up C. look up it 二、(黄冈)读句子，选词填空。 down to on in into 1.Why do you have cups________ your heads? 2.We went________ the zoo yesterday. 3.Amy came________ the classroom. 4.The apples are falling________ the stairs. 5.Daming is interested________ space travel. 三、(嘉兴)阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F). It was a cloudy summer afternoon. Lily and her friends were in the park. Some were playing games, and some were watching small insects. Suddenly(突然)，there was a strong wind and then it rained a lot. The children ran to a big tree. They waited under it. They felt afraid. Then a guard ran to them. He had some umbrellas in his hand. “You shouldn't stay under the tree! Here you are, umbrellas. Go to that house. Come on, boys and girls!”The children went to the house under the umbrellas. In the room, they looked out of the window. “It's raining cats and dogs!” Lily said. “Yes, what a heavy rain!”Dona said. Suddenly there was a bright-white light. The light hit the big tree. And a loud “Bang-”！ That big tree fell over to the ground. ( )1.The children went camping in the zoo. ( )2.The weather was not good that afternoon. ( )3.The guard helped the children. ( )4.They saw many cats and dogs in the sky. ( )5.Children can stay under the tree on rainy days. 参考答案: 知能训练一 一、1.are on table/desk 2.book Is under 3.are in schoolbag 二、1.C on 2.C in 知能训练二 一、1.on 2.at 3.at 4.After 二、1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 知能训练三 一、1.C 2.C 3.A 4.A 二、1.C on 2.B in 知能训练四 一、1.from 2.for 3.along 二、1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 知能训练五 一、1.at 2.in 3.of 4.in/on 5.by 6.in 7.at/for 8.of 二、1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B 知能训练六 一、1.and 2.but 3.or 二、1.B 2.B 过关训练 一、1.落下 2.think of 3.查找 4.on the right 5.同意 6.by the way 7.在······方面做得好 8.by plane 9.扑灭 10. of course 二、1.in 2.on 3.at 4.with 5.of 6.off 7.from 8.for 9.by 10.to 三、1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.D 四、1.on 2.in 3.on 4.between 5.above 6.at 7.about 8.for 9.or 10.but 五、1.B at 2.B to 3.C with 4.C with 5.B looking for 六、1.over 2.to 3.at 4.on 5.in 七、1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.A 真题演练 一、1.C 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.B 二、1.on 2.to 3.into 4.down 5.in 三、1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$