Unit 2 知识点 2025-2026学年外研版(2024)八年级英语上册

2025-07-07
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外研版八年级上册英语第二单元(Getting along)知识点总结 一、主题内容框架 模块 具体内容 听 能听懂有关安慰他人的录音材料 说 能向他人表达真实想法 读 能读懂有关与他人建立良好关系的文章 写 能写一篇关于如何与他人友好相处的指南 二、重点单词及用法 单词 词性及含义 用法示例 giant n.(儿童故事中的)巨人 The giant lives in a big castle.(巨人住在一座大城堡里。) shout v. 大声说、喊叫 shout at sb. 对某人大声喊叫(含不满),如:He shouted at the noisy kids.(他对吵闹的孩子大喊。) shout to sb. 对某人喊话(表距离远),如:She shouted to him across the street.(她过马路对面的他喊话。) since prep. 自从 since then 从那以后(与现在完成时连用),如:Since then, they have been friends.(从那以后,他们就成了朋友。) nor conj. 也不 常与neither搭配,“neither...nor...”表“既不……也不……”,如:He neither smokes nor drinks.(他既不抽烟也不喝酒。) afraid adj. 害怕的 be afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事,如:She is afraid of walking alone at night.(她害怕晚上独自走路。) be afraid + that从句,如:I'm afraid that I can't help you.(恐怕我帮不了你。) return v. 返回、回来 return to sp. 回到某地,如:He returned to his hometown.(他回到了家乡。) lively adj. 充满活力的 可修饰人或物,如:a lively party(热闹的派对);She is a lively girl.(她是个活泼的女孩。) allow v. 允许 allow doing sth. 允许做某事,如:Schools don't allow smoking.(学校不允许抽烟。) allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事,如:My parents allow me to watch TV.(我父母允许我看电视。) argue v. 争论、争吵 argue with sb. 与某人争吵,如:They argued with each other about the plan.(他们就计划吵了起来。) argue over sth. 就某事争论,如:They argued over money.(他们为钱争吵。) divide v. 分开 divide...into... 把……分成……,如:Divide the cake into 8 pieces.(把蛋糕分成8块。) 三、词形变化 原词 变化形式 含义 示例 lively living(adj. 活着的)、alive(adj. 活着的) lively强调“活泼的”,living强调“现存的”,alive强调“活着的状态” The lively child plays with a living fish.(活泼的孩子在玩一条活鱼。) allow allowance(n. 津贴) --- He gets a monthly allowance.(他每月有津贴。) argue argument(n. 争论) --- Their argument lasted an hour.(他们的争论持续了一小时。) divide division(n. 分开、除法) --- The division of the work was fair.(工作分配很公平。) 四、重点短语 get along with 与……相处(如:She gets along well with classmates. 她和同学相处得好。) agree to do sth. 同意做某事(如:He agreed to help me. 他同意帮我。) agree on sth. 就某事达成一致(如:They agreed on the time. 他们就时间达成了一致。) in return 作为回报(如:He helped her, and in return, she invited him to dinner. 他帮了她,作为回报,她请他吃了饭。) keep...in mind 记住(如:Keep his words in mind. 记住他的话。) 五、核心语法——现在完成时(2) 用法 示例 表示从过去持续到现在的动作/状态(与for/since连用) He has lived here for 5 years.(他在这住了5年了。) We have known each other since 2018.(我们从2018年就认识了。) 与how long连用 How long have you studied English?(你学英语多久了?) 六、易混词辨析 单词 用法区别 示例 lively vs. living lively表“活泼的”,living表“活着的、现存的” a lively dog(一条活泼的狗);living creatures(生物) join vs. take part in join后接组织/团体(如join the club);take part in后接活动(如take part in the game) He joined the army.(他参军了。) She took part in the competition.(她参加了比赛。) 七、常见错误及句型转换 错误:He is afraid of to speak in public. 正确:He is afraid to speak in public.(他害怕在公共场合讲话。) 句型转换(以“ They have argued about the plan. ”为例) 否定句:They haven't argued about the plan. 一般疑问句:Have they argued about the plan? 对“the plan”提问:What have they argued about? 八、现在完成时与一般过去时的深层辨析 时间状语搭配 现在完成时:常与just、already、yet、ever、never等连用,不具体指出过去时间,如“I have ever been to Beijing.”(我去过北京,强调经历) 一般过去时:常与yesterday、last week、in 2020等具体时间状语连用,如“I went to Beijing last year.”(去年去的北京,强调过去的动作) 语境差异 现在完成时(影响):“He has lost his key.”(钥匙丢了,现在打不开门) 一般过去时(事实):“He lost his key yesterday.”(仅说明昨天丢钥匙的事实) 九、文件中高频固定搭配补充 be supposed to do sth.(应该做某事) 如:“Visitors are not supposed to take photos here.”(游客不应在此拍照) make a difference (to)(有影响) 例:“Your advice made a difference to my decision.”(你的建议对我的决定有影响) succeed in doing sth.(成功做某事) 例:“She succeeded in solving the problem.”(她成功解决了问题) 十、文件中易混词的对比(基于原文) 易混词 用法(文件依据) 示例 instead instead of instead是副词,instead of是介词短语 “He didn't go; instead, he stayed.”(他没去,而是留下了) hear listen hear强调结果,listen强调动作(常与to连用) “I heard a noise.”(听到声音);“Listen to the teacher.”(听老师讲) 十一、文件中现在完成时的特殊句式 对动作对象提问 例:原句“She has read the book.” 提问:“What has she read?”(她读了什么?) 对时间长度提问 用how long,例:“He has lived here for 3 years.” → “How long has he lived here?” 十二、文件中与单元相关的其他语法及用法补充 动词不定式作宾语补足语 常见结构:动词 + 宾语 + to do sth.,如“ask sb. to do sth.”(让某人做某事)、“allow sb. to do sth.”(允许某人做某事)。 示例:The teacher asked us to hand in our homework.(老师让我们交作业。) 否定形式:动词 + 宾语 + not to do sth.,如:My mother told me not to play computer games too long.(妈妈告诉我不要玩太久电脑游戏。) while引导时间状语从句 用法:表示“当……时候”,从句谓语动词用延续性动词,如:While I was reading, he came in.(我看书时,他进来了。) 与when的区别:while强调主从句动作同时进行,when可接延续性或非延续性动词。 十三、文件中单元核心话题相关表达拓展 描述人际关系 积极关系:“They get along well and often help each other.”(他们相处融洽,经常互相帮助。) 解决矛盾:“After talking, they reached an agreement.”(谈话后,他们达成了一致。) 表达观点与建议 表达观点:“In my opinion, communication is important for getting along.”(在我看来,沟通对相处很重要。) 提出建议:“You should talk to him face to face.”(你应该和他面对面谈谈。) 十四、文件中涉及的易错点及纠正(结合语法) 现在完成时中瞬间动词与延续性动词的误用 瞬间动词(如buy、borrow)不能与for/since连用,需转换为延续性动词,如:“I have had this book for 2 weeks.”(不能说“I have bought this book for 2 weeks.”) 转换示例:borrow → keep;buy → have;leave → be away。 allow的用法混淆 正确:“We don't allow smoking here.”(我们不允许在这抽烟。);“My parents allow me to go out on weekends.”(父母允许我周末出去。) 错误:“We don't allow to smoke here.”;“My parents allow me going out.” 十五、文件中单元知识点综合运用示例 现在完成时综合运用 情景:“—Have you ever argued with your friend? —Yes, I have. But we became good friends again later.”(—你和朋友吵过架吗?—吵过,但后来又和好了。) 转换:对“argued with your friend”提问 → “What have you ever done with your friend?” 固定搭配在语境中的应用 “He succeeded in improving his relationship with his brother by communicating more.”(他通过多沟通,成功改善了和弟弟的关系。) “It's important to make a difference to the people around you.”(对你身边的人产生积极影响很重要。) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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  Unit 2 知识点 2025-2026学年外研版(2024)八年级英语上册
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  Unit 2 知识点 2025-2026学年外研版(2024)八年级英语上册
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  Unit 2 知识点 2025-2026学年外研版(2024)八年级英语上册
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