热点话题05 情绪素养与心理健康（话题阅读精练）英语高一通用版

热点话题05 情绪素养与心理健康 教材相关主题 教材 单元 主题 人教版2019必修三 Unit 2 优秀品行与正确的人生态度 外研版2019必修三 Unit 2 优秀的品行与正确的人生态度 译林版2020必修一 Unit 4 青少年心理健康 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 378 情绪和理性在决策过程中的作用 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 378 作者以自己的经历提出问题：我们为什么会把自己的生活和别人的相比较？接着分析背后的原因 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 328 关于发泄愤怒的研究发现以及更健康的应对愤怒的策略 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 341 介绍孤单是影响人们健康的主要因素，分析其产生的原因并提出解决措施 Passage 5 阅读理解 说明文 366 探讨了悲伤的儿童电影如何通过悲剧情节帮助孩子们理解和处理失去等复杂情感 Passage 6 阅读理解 说明文 332 介绍了学生往往有考试焦虑的问题，探讨了副交感神经系统在减轻压力和焦虑中的作用 主题简析素材积累 本专题的主题语境为 “情绪素养与心理健康”，它隶属于英语课程标准中 “人与自我” 这一主题语境下的子话题。在当今快节奏的现代社会，情绪素养与心理健康对于个体的全面发展起着举足轻重的作用。该子话题聚焦于学生对自身及他人情绪的认知、理解、表达与管理，以及如何维护和促进良好的心理健康状态。通过对这一主题的深入学习，学生能够更好地洞察自己的内心世界，增强情绪感知能力，学会以恰当的方式表达和调节情绪，从而有效应对生活中的各种压力与挑战，避免因情绪问题引发心理困扰。同时，理解他人的情绪并给予关怀，有助于学生建立和谐的人际关系，提升社会交往能力。这不仅有利于学生当下的学习和生活，更对其未来的个人成长、职业发展以及终身幸福奠定坚实的基础，助力他们在复杂多变的社会环境中保持积极乐观的心态，实现身心的健康发展。 句子积累 It is widely acknowledged that...：人们普遍认为…… 例如：It is widely acknowledged that mental health is as important as physical health.（人们普遍认为心理健康和身体健康同样重要。） ...have a great impact on...：…… 对…… 有重大影响 例如：Stressful situations have a great impact on our mental health.（压力大的情况对我们的心理健康有重大影响。） With the increasing awareness of...,...：随着对…… 意识的不断提高，…… 例如：With the increasing awareness of mental health, more people are seeking help when they have emotional problems.（随着对心理健康意识的不断提高，更多人在有情绪问题时寻求帮助。） It is essential for us to...：我们有必要…… 例如：It is essential for us to learn how to manage our emotions effectively.（我们有必要学会如何有效地管理我们的情绪。） Not only...but also...：不但…… 而且…… 例如：A positive attitude not only helps us deal with difficulties but also improves our mental well - being.（积极的态度不但有助于我们应对困难，而且能提升我们的情绪健康。） There is no denying that...：不可否认…… 例如：There is no denying that negative emotions can affect our daily life.（不可否认，负面情绪会影响我们的日常生活。） be beneficial to...：对…… 有益 例如：Doing regular exercise is beneficial to our mental health.（定期锻炼对我们的心理健康有益。） be regarded as...：被视为…… 例如：Seeking professional help when needed is regarded as a sign of strength, not weakness.（在需要时寻求专业帮助被视为一种坚强的表现，而非软弱。） 必备词块 mental health心理健康 emotional intelligence情绪智力 emotional well - being情绪健康 psychological pressure心理压力 cope with stress应对压力 release emotions释放情绪 positive attitude积极态度 negative emotions负面情绪 mental disorder精神障碍 seek professional help寻求专业帮助 实战演练 Passage 1 It’s common to hear that being “emotional” is opposite from being “rational (理性的)”. For many people, there is no place for emotion in rational thinking. However, some recent work from our lab suggests something opposite. We found that individuals who score higher on tests of intelligence and rationality don’t ignore (忽略) emotions. Instead, they pay more attention to emotions and are better at recognizing and understanding emotions. This is because most intelligent decision-making requires emotional information. Emotions tell us what we want, and we can’t make smart decisions without first knowing what our goals are. For example, as a mother, if I want to make my children happy, and I know they like video games, it would make sense for me to buy them a video game. But, if I instead want them to stay focused on homework, then it wouldn’t make sense for me to buy them the video game. You can see from this example that a rational decision can’t be made unless I know various pieces of emotional information. Anticipating others’ emotions may help us be more effective leaders — allowing us to predict the way people will respond to what we say or do. Anticipating our own emotions can also make for much more effective long-term decisions. For example, if I predict I will feel anxious before giving a public speech, I might be inspired to practice a few more times. If I instead simply ignored my anxiety, chances are that I’d be more disturbed on stage, and my speech wouldn’t go smoothly. Of course, it’s important to find out situations where emotional influences may not be helpful as well. Here, individuals who score higher on rationality tests may be better at reflecting on whether an emotion will be helpful or not in a given situation. They can then make their decision after giving it deeper consideration. For example, expressing too much anger or sadness to your boss when you don’t get an promotion (晋升) may not be in your best interest. In general, if we want to be rational and make the best decisions, we should desire as much information as we can get and information about emotions can often be especially useful. 1．What is a widespread opinion about emotions and rationality? A．Rationality can develop emotional intelligence. B．Emotions help to make rational decisions. C．They play opposite roles in thinking processes. D．Rationality is more important than emotions in decision-making. 2．Why does the author mention the example in Paragraph 3? A．To show the process of decision-making. B．To tell us the harm of ignoring emotions. C．To draw the line between rationality and emotions. D．To show the importance of emotional information. 3．What should be done to make the best of emotions according to Paragraph 5? A．Recognizing their usefulness. B．Reflecting on the possible effect. C．Completing the rationality tests. D．Thinking about various situations. 4．What does the author suggest for making wise decisions? A．gaining enough information. B．Putting rationality at the first place. C．Trusting direct feelings. D．Seeking expert advice. Passage 2   Firstly, I know this is a first world problem and I need to “dry my eyes”. I have a very small dishwasher in a very small kitchen. The other week when a friend showed me her new house with a big kitchen and a large dishwasher, I felt my throat got tight. I didn’t quite know what to say. And why did I even compare my life with other people’s life?      Maybe you’ll agree you have a similar experience. Why is this? I think a huge factor is how addicted we’ve all become to social media. We stare at people’s beautiful vacation photos at some great party wondering, “Why isn’t my life like that?” We forget that what we see are the carefully edited highlights of a person’s life aiming to give an impression of what they want to see — not necessarily how their life actually is.      Social media seem to give us anxiety that we aren’t doing as well as others or living up to expectations that we put on ourselves. On a good day, we can use this life envy to inspire ourselves — if they can do it, so can we! But on a bad day, we just feel angry, sad, disappointed, and worst of all, bitter. No one wants to admit to feeling envious. It is such a prohibited subject — desiring what others have.      So how do we overcome our little green-eyed monster? Stepping away from social media is a start. The less we pay attention to what other people are doing, the fewer opportunities we have to compare ourselves to them. Next step is to give ourselves some tolerance (宽容) and know that it’s a completely natural feeling. It doesn’t make us bad persons; it’s just a part of being human.      And most importantly, we need to start focusing on ourselves instead of others. The root of the problem is more a problem with how we’re feeling about ourselves than those we envy. My mom used to always tell me to “row your own boat”: and I think about that little phrase all the time. It may not be the biggest for it — and who knows where the journey will take us? Sure it beats feeling envious. 1．Describing his/ her personal experience, the author aims to ______. A．introduce a topic B．give a suggestion C．present a definition D．highlight an opinion 2．What does the author think of social media? A．It weakens face-to-face communication. B．It helps to overcome negative feelings. C．It brings information-sharing culture. D．It fails to truly reflect people’s life. 3．Which of the following might the author agree with? A．Noticing Tom’s new car, you post your car photos to impress others. B．Seeing Mark’s success in business, you think you are not as good as him. C．Knowing Amy’s moved to a big house, you think it wrong to feel unhappy. D．Hearing Betty has got a nice new job, you shift your focus on what you have. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To inform us of the ways to cure anxiety. B．To tell us how to deal with feeling envious. C．To warn us of the bad effects of social media. D．To explain why people always compare with others: Passage 3 If misery loves company, so does anger. It can feel downright delicious to vent (发泄) to your loved ones about life’s annoyances. For a long time, psychologists held the idea that it’s better to release negative emotions than hold onto them. But back in 2002, Bushman, professor of communication at the Ohio State University who studies the topic, published a study that questioned that logic. He demonstrated that when people expressed anger, such as by hitting a punching bag (沙袋), they only got more angry and aggressive. Analyzing a frustrating conversation or social slight (轻视) can cause rumination — the psychological term for fixing on negative thoughts and feelings — and blow out of proportion (比例) relatively minor annoyances, says Jesse Cougle, a psychology professor at Florida State University who studies anger. Neither is healthy. Indeed, a 2020 study of coping strategies during the pandemic found that venting was linked to poorer mental health, while strategies like accepting, joking about, and positively reframing the situation seemed to boost well-being. Bushman’s more recent research suggests that calming practices such as meditation, yoga, and deep breathing are better at removing anger. The goal should be to lower rather than raise excitement, he says. Even running, which many people view as a kind of therapy, increases too much excitement to be an effective anger reliever. “You should go for runs because they’ re good for your health, but not because they’ll make you feel calmer,” Bushman says. When you feel yourself getting stuck in the quicksand of venting, look for healthier coping strategies. Bushman’s research supports the “fly-on-the-wall” technique, which challenges angry people to imagine themselves as a third party observing the situation that made them angry. A 2019 study also found that it’s healthier to look for broader meaning in an annoying situation Think: “you can’t always get what you want”) than to fix on every annoying detail. 1．What is the finding of Brad Bushman’s study? A．Venting does good to health. B．Venting makes things worse. C．It’s beneficial to hit a punching bag. D．It’s better to vent to your loved ones. 2．What does the underlined word “rumination” refer to in paragraph 2? A．Focusing on negative feelings. B．Blowing up minor annoyances. C．Solving the discouraging problems. D．Treating the social slight positively. 3．What can we know about running according to paragraph 3? A．It can fuel anger. B．It is an anger reliever. C．It can lower excitement. D．It is a calming practice. 4．What can angry people do when venting according to the “fly-on-the-wall” technique? A．Observe the situation as a victim. B．Put themselves into onlookers’ shoes. C．Search for a broader meaning in the situation. D．Analyze the situation from an outsider’s angle. Passage 4 The standard public health threats are all-too familiar: Smoking. High blood pressure. Cancer. But a new government advisory made headlines in 2023 by adding an unexpected major player. Loneliness, stated the report from Vivek Murthy, is a widely underrecognized U.S. health crisis. Lonely people, as Murthy’s report warns, run the same death-rate risk as people who smoke 15 cigarettes a day. Maybe it’s hard to understand how a lack of companionship could be as threatening as an addiction. But humans are so biologically related to be social that isolation (孤独) causes surprising harm on our systems. People who lack social support have a 29 percent higher risk of heart disease, a 32 percent higher risk of stroke, and a 26 to 29 percent higher risk of premature death, according to the report. Scientists now know that loneliness can cause many health problems. That may be because ancestral humans thrived in supportive communities—and anything less can set off a biochemical stress response. “Our brains function more efficiently when we are with others,” says Julianne. Holt-Lunstad, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at Brigham Young University. In multiple studies, the stress of aloneness has been linked to higher levels of inflammation (发炎) in the body. When this inflammation persists, the resulting cellular damage can lead to illnesses like Alzheimer’s. Since loneliness is considered as a personal failure, it’s easy to assume people should just try to handle it on their own. But in reality, many of the factors that promote social isolation are structural ones. “It could be workplace policies that don’t allow flexibility to develop personal relationships,” Holt-Lunstad says. “It might be busy or unsafe streets that are barriers to getting to know your neighbors.” The solutions Murthy and Holt-Lunstad propose aren’t all individual lifestyle changes. “We recommend investing in social public facilities to help build connections in communities,”Holt-Lunstad says. That could mean increasing support for civil centre like volunteer programs, redesigning public spaces to encourage gatherings, or changing digital spaces in ways that promote bonding. 1．Why does Murthy mention people who smoke heavily in the report? A．To introduce a health crisis. B．To show the harm of loneliness. C．To reveal high death-rate of cancer. D．To discuss the difficulty of giving up smoking. 2．How does the author support the findings in paragraph 2? A．By listing health threats. B．By making comparisons. C．By providing statistics. D．By analyzing biological features. 3．What does the underlined word “thrived” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．participated voluntarily B．lived healthily C．remained stable D．got desperate 4．Which measure might Holt-Lunstad approve of as a solution? A．Setting up chat benches in parks. B．Removing road barriers in busy streets. C．Collecting users’ preference in digital spaces. D．Investing in more public fire-fighting equipment. Passage 5 We all remember that first cry at the movies. Whether they are tears of joy or sadness, it’s quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen. In fact, it all comes from a plan. But what about those heart- breaking stories... for kids? They seem not to sugarcoat the realities of the world. Actually, many great kids’ movies filled with tragedy (悲剧) are purposefully meant to stir up kids’ strong feelings. According to Aristotle,  tragedy aids us in facing life’s unsolvable issues through sensible (理智的) thinking. Therefore, the existence of tragedy in kids’ movies is to teach kids to handle, to understand and to heal. The hardest lesson for a child is how to deal with loss, especially if it’s sudden. The cartoon classic The Lion King tells the story of Simba, who experiences the loss of his father. Kids see themselves in Simba’s character. He has dreams. He has a desire to grow and be a part of a bigger world. But it is really heartbreaking to see the loss. Why is a film like this so beloved when it makes kids cry? The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward. Hakuna Matata! Yes, the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it’s okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you. It’s an important lesson we learned at a very young age. Sadness should not be ignored (忽视). It’s important to feel sad, and that is why these films are so great. In Dumbo, Charlotte’s Web and Bridge to Terabithia, we lose our beloved characters. This quite upsets kids, but it teaches them to accept sadness and makes something new out of it. So, what is the message behind a sad kids’ movie? It’s meant to teach the audience, especially children, to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy. It’s like a cushion (缓冲垫) that separates stories from reality. It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real, or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata. 1．Why does the author mention “first cry” in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To recommend a movie. C．To support an argument. D．To explain the reason. 2．What does the underlined phrase “Hakuna Matata” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Viewing sadness as a treatment. B．Seeking knowledge to enrich life. C．Challenging oneself with tragic losses. D．Heading forward without being caught. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Children can find a way to hide sad feelings. B．Children can learn to ignore sadness in tragedy. C．Sad kids’ movies prepare children for tough times. D．Sad kids’ movies help children to escape from reality. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Are Great Kids’ Movies So Sad? B．What Is the Power of Great Kids’ Movies? C．Life’s Hardest Lesson: How Kids’ Movies Inspire Us? D．Moving Beyond Reality: What Sad Kids’ Movies Teach Us? Passage 6 Jasmine is on my Zoom screen. She is pulling her hair. As she starts talking, the rate of the pulling increases. “My exam is on Friday,” she tells me, “What if I get a question I can’t answer? What if I don’t get a good grade?” Jasmine is just one of the students suffering from test anxiety. The word “anxiety” originates from Latin, meaning narrowing. The “narrowing” describes what’s happening in Jasmine’s nervous system. Basically, the sympathetic (交感神经) branch — fight-or-flight — has switched on, and her muscles have narrowed as if she’s preparing to do battle or run away. Commonly known the “rest and digest” branch, the parasympathetic nervous (副交感神经) system plays an important role in thinking and learning by promoting a state of relaxation and calmness. When the parasympathetic nervous system starts working, it reduces stress and anxiety, improving focus and concentration. There are three simple tools for engaging the parasympathetic branch: breathing, grounding, and sensing. Breathing means a steady flow of breath; grounding means feeling the chair and the floor supporting you; and sensing means turning on one or more of the five senses. In more than 40 years of coaching test-takers, I have observed how often they hold their breath, how nervous and ungrounded they are, and how unaware they are of feeling the touch of clothes on their own bodies. No wonder people are exhausted by the end of a long test! When they use the three calming tools, they create the state necessary for sitting still, thinking, remembering, reasoning, and, finally, answering questions. We all face countless tests in everyday life. Unexpected, unwanted things happen to everyone. Wouldn’t it be a whole lot better if we faced the tests by being calm? In case you’re wondering, the answer is “Yes!” But the real question is: Instead of forcing students to progress through endless comparison and competition, why don’t we teach them how to stay calm? 1．Why does the author mention Jasmine in the first paragraph? A．To show students’ intense emotions. B．To introduce a problem students face. C．To compare different attitudes towards tests. D．To analyse students’ behaviors during video calls. 2．What change would be brought when the parasympathetic nervous system is at work? A．Improved attention. B．Worsened anxiety. C．Tightened muscles. D．Quickened response. 3．From the last paragraph we can infer that the writer thinks it important ________. A．to take some tests to make progress B．to attach importance to comparison and competition C．to learn to avoid unexpected and unwanted things in life D．to prepare students with the ways to keep calm during tests 4．What is the text mainly about? A．What do students face in tests? B．How to deal with test anxiety? C．How to engage the nervous system? D．What should students do to avoid tests? 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点话题05 情绪素养与心理健康 教材相关主题 教材 单元 主题 人教版2019必修三 Unit 2 优秀品行与正确的人生态度 外研版2019必修三 Unit 2 优秀的品行与正确的人生态度 译林版2020必修一 Unit 4 青少年心理健康 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 378 情绪和理性在决策过程中的作用 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 378 作者以自己的经历提出问题：我们为什么会把自己的生活和别人的相比较？接着分析背后的原因 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 328 关于发泄愤怒的研究发现以及更健康的应对愤怒的策略 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 341 介绍孤单是影响人们健康的主要因素，分析其产生的原因并提出解决措施 Passage 5 阅读理解 说明文 366 探讨了悲伤的儿童电影如何通过悲剧情节帮助孩子们理解和处理失去等复杂情感 Passage 6 阅读理解 说明文 332 介绍了学生往往有考试焦虑的问题，探讨了副交感神经系统在减轻压力和焦虑中的作用 素材积累 主题简析 本专题的主题语境为 “情绪素养与心理健康”，它隶属于英语课程标准中 “人与自我” 这一主题语境下的子话题。在当今快节奏的现代社会，情绪素养与心理健康对于个体的全面发展起着举足轻重的作用。该子话题聚焦于学生对自身及他人情绪的认知、理解、表达与管理，以及如何维护和促进良好的心理健康状态。通过对这一主题的深入学习，学生能够更好地洞察自己的内心世界，增强情绪感知能力，学会以恰当的方式表达和调节情绪，从而有效应对生活中的各种压力与挑战，避免因情绪问题引发心理困扰。同时，理解他人的情绪并给予关怀，有助于学生建立和谐的人际关系，提升社会交往能力。这不仅有利于学生当下的学习和生活，更对其未来的个人成长、职业发展以及终身幸福奠定坚实的基础，助力他们在复杂多变的社会环境中保持积极乐观的心态，实现身心的健康发展。 句子积累 It is widely acknowledged that...：人们普遍认为…… 例如：It is widely acknowledged that mental health is as important as physical health.（人们普遍认为心理健康和身体健康同样重要。） ...have a great impact on...：…… 对…… 有重大影响 例如：Stressful situations have a great impact on our mental health.（压力大的情况对我们的心理健康有重大影响。） With the increasing awareness of...,...：随着对…… 意识的不断提高，…… 例如：With the increasing awareness of mental health, more people are seeking help when they have emotional problems.（随着对心理健康意识的不断提高，更多人在有情绪问题时寻求帮助。） It is essential for us to...：我们有必要…… 例如：It is essential for us to learn how to manage our emotions effectively.（我们有必要学会如何有效地管理我们的情绪。） Not only...but also...：不但…… 而且…… 例如：A positive attitude not only helps us deal with difficulties but also improves our mental well - being.（积极的态度不但有助于我们应对困难，而且能提升我们的情绪健康。） There is no denying that...：不可否认…… 例如：There is no denying that negative emotions can affect our daily life.（不可否认，负面情绪会影响我们的日常生活。） be beneficial to...：对…… 有益 例如：Doing regular exercise is beneficial to our mental health.（定期锻炼对我们的心理健康有益。） be regarded as...：被视为…… 例如：Seeking professional help when needed is regarded as a sign of strength, not weakness.（在需要时寻求专业帮助被视为一种坚强的表现，而非软弱。） 必备词块 mental health心理健康 emotional intelligence情绪智力 emotional well - being情绪健康 psychological pressure心理压力 cope with stress应对压力 release emotions释放情绪 positive attitude积极态度 negative emotions负面情绪 mental disorder精神障碍 seek professional help寻求专业帮助 实战演练 Passage 1 It’s common to hear that being “emotional” is opposite from being “rational (理性的)”. For many people, there is no place for emotion in rational thinking. However, some recent work from our lab suggests something opposite. We found that individuals who score higher on tests of intelligence and rationality don’t ignore (忽略) emotions. Instead, they pay more attention to emotions and are better at recognizing and understanding emotions. This is because most intelligent decision-making requires emotional information. Emotions tell us what we want, and we can’t make smart decisions without first knowing what our goals are. For example, as a mother, if I want to make my children happy, and I know they like video games, it would make sense for me to buy them a video game. But, if I instead want them to stay focused on homework, then it wouldn’t make sense for me to buy them the video game. You can see from this example that a rational decision can’t be made unless I know various pieces of emotional information. Anticipating others’ emotions may help us be more effective leaders — allowing us to predict the way people will respond to what we say or do. Anticipating our own emotions can also make for much more effective long-term decisions. For example, if I predict I will feel anxious before giving a public speech, I might be inspired to practice a few more times. If I instead simply ignored my anxiety, chances are that I’d be more disturbed on stage, and my speech wouldn’t go smoothly. Of course, it’s important to find out situations where emotional influences may not be helpful as well. Here, individuals who score higher on rationality tests may be better at reflecting on whether an emotion will be helpful or not in a given situation. They can then make their decision after giving it deeper consideration. For example, expressing too much anger or sadness to your boss when you don’t get an promotion (晋升) may not be in your best interest. In general, if we want to be rational and make the best decisions, we should desire as much information as we can get and information about emotions can often be especially useful. 1．What is a widespread opinion about emotions and rationality? A．Rationality can develop emotional intelligence. B．Emotions help to make rational decisions. C．They play opposite roles in thinking processes. D．Rationality is more important than emotions in decision-making. 2．Why does the author mention the example in Paragraph 3? A．To show the process of decision-making. B．To tell us the harm of ignoring emotions. C．To draw the line between rationality and emotions. D．To show the importance of emotional information. 3．What should be done to make the best of emotions according to Paragraph 5? A．Recognizing their usefulness. B．Reflecting on the possible effect. C．Completing the rationality tests. D．Thinking about various situations. 4．What does the author suggest for making wise decisions? A．gaining enough information. B．Putting rationality at the first place. C．Trusting direct feelings. D．Seeking expert advice. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【答案】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了情绪和理性在决策过程中的作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s common to hear that being ‘emotional’ is opposite from being ‘rational (理性的)’.(人们常听说“情绪化”与“理性”是相对立的。)”可知，关于情绪和理性，一个普遍的观点是它们在思维过程中扮演相反的角色。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, as a mother, if I want to make my children happy, and I know they like video games, it would make sense for me to buy them a video game.(例如，作为一个母亲，如果我想让我的孩子们开心，而且我知道他们喜欢电子游戏，那么我给他们买一款电子游戏是有道理的。)”和“You can see from this example that a rational decision can’t be made unless I know various pieces of emotional information.(从这个例子中你可以看出，除非我知道各种情绪信息，否则无法做出理性的决定。)”可知，作者提到这个例子是为了展示情绪信息在做出理性决策中的重要性。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Here, individuals who score higher on rationality tests may be better at reflecting on whether an emotion will be helpful or not in a given situation.(在这里，那些在理性测试中得分较高的人可能更善于思考在某种情况下，某种情绪是否有帮助。)”可知，为了充分利用情绪，应该思考可能的影响。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In general, if we want to be rational and make the best decisions, we should desire as much information as we can get and information about emotions can often be especially useful.(总的来说，如果我们想要理性并做出最好的决定，我们应该渴望获得尽可能多的信息，而关于情绪的信息往往特别有用。)”可知，作者建议为了做出明智的决定，应该获取足够的信息。故选A。 Passage 2   Firstly, I know this is a first world problem and I need to “dry my eyes”. I have a very small dishwasher in a very small kitchen. The other week when a friend showed me her new house with a big kitchen and a large dishwasher, I felt my throat got tight. I didn’t quite know what to say. And why did I even compare my life with other people’s life?      Maybe you’ll agree you have a similar experience. Why is this? I think a huge factor is how addicted we’ve all become to social media. We stare at people’s beautiful vacation photos at some great party wondering, “Why isn’t my life like that?” We forget that what we see are the carefully edited highlights of a person’s life aiming to give an impression of what they want to see — not necessarily how their life actually is.      Social media seem to give us anxiety that we aren’t doing as well as others or living up to expectations that we put on ourselves. On a good day, we can use this life envy to inspire ourselves — if they can do it, so can we! But on a bad day, we just feel angry, sad, disappointed, and worst of all, bitter. No one wants to admit to feeling envious. It is such a prohibited subject — desiring what others have.      So how do we overcome our little green-eyed monster? Stepping away from social media is a start. The less we pay attention to what other people are doing, the fewer opportunities we have to compare ourselves to them. Next step is to give ourselves some tolerance (宽容) and know that it’s a completely natural feeling. It doesn’t make us bad persons; it’s just a part of being human.      And most importantly, we need to start focusing on ourselves instead of others. The root of the problem is more a problem with how we’re feeling about ourselves than those we envy. My mom used to always tell me to “row your own boat”: and I think about that little phrase all the time. It may not be the biggest for it — and who knows where the journey will take us? Sure it beats feeling envious. 1．Describing his/ her personal experience, the author aims to ______. A．introduce a topic B．give a suggestion C．present a definition D．highlight an opinion 2．What does the author think of social media? A．It weakens face-to-face communication. B．It helps to overcome negative feelings. C．It brings information-sharing culture. D．It fails to truly reflect people’s life. 3．Which of the following might the author agree with? A．Noticing Tom’s new car, you post your car photos to impress others. B．Seeing Mark’s success in business, you think you are not as good as him. C．Knowing Amy’s moved to a big house, you think it wrong to feel unhappy. D．Hearing Betty has got a nice new job, you shift your focus on what you have. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To inform us of the ways to cure anxiety. B．To tell us how to deal with feeling envious. C．To warn us of the bad effects of social media. D．To explain why people always compare with others: 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 【答案】这是一篇说明文，作者以自己的经历提出问题：我们为什么会把自己的生活和别人的相比较？接着分析背后的原因——社交媒体让我们感到焦虑，我们会嫉妒别人，最后两段讲述了如何克服嫉妒心理。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The other week when a friend showed me her new house with a big kitchen and a large dishwasher, I felt my throat got tight. I didn’t quite know what to say. And why did I even compare my life with other people’s life?(前几个星期，当一个朋友带我看她的新房子时，她的房子有一个大厨房和一个大洗碗机，我感到喉咙发紧。我不知道该说什么。我为什么要拿自己的生活和别人的生活作比较呢？)”和第二段中“Maybe you’ll agree you have a similar experience. Why is this?(也许你也有类似的经历。为什么会这样？)”可知，作者提到自己和朋友相比较的经历，下文解释了背后的原因，故作者提到自己的经历是为了引入文章话题，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“We forget that what we see are the carefully edited highlights of a person’s life aiming to give an impression of what they want to see — not necessarily how their life actually is.(我们忘记了，我们所看到的是一个人生活中精心编辑的亮点，目的是给人一种他们想要看到的印象，而不一定是他们生活的真实面貌)”可知，作者认为社交媒体不能真实地反映人们的生活，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And most importantly, we need to start focusing on ourselves instead of others. The root of the problem is more a problem with how we’re feeling about ourselves than those we envy.(最重要的是，我们需要开始关注自己，而不是别人。问题的根源在于我们如何看待自己，而不是我们所羡慕的人)”可知，作者认为应该关注自己而不是别人，故作者会同意D项“听说Betty找到了一份不错的新工作，你把注意力转移到你所拥有的东西上”，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，作者以自己的经历提出问题：我们为什么会把自己的生活和别人的相比较？接着分析背后的原因——社交媒体让我们感到焦虑，我们会嫉妒别人，最后两段讲述了如何克服嫉妒心理，故本文目的是告诉我们如何处理嫉妒心理，故选B。 Passage 3 If misery loves company, so does anger. It can feel downright delicious to vent (发泄) to your loved ones about life’s annoyances. For a long time, psychologists held the idea that it’s better to release negative emotions than hold onto them. But back in 2002, Bushman, professor of communication at the Ohio State University who studies the topic, published a study that questioned that logic. He demonstrated that when people expressed anger, such as by hitting a punching bag (沙袋), they only got more angry and aggressive. Analyzing a frustrating conversation or social slight (轻视) can cause rumination — the psychological term for fixing on negative thoughts and feelings — and blow out of proportion (比例) relatively minor annoyances, says Jesse Cougle, a psychology professor at Florida State University who studies anger. Neither is healthy. Indeed, a 2020 study of coping strategies during the pandemic found that venting was linked to poorer mental health, while strategies like accepting, joking about, and positively reframing the situation seemed to boost well-being. Bushman’s more recent research suggests that calming practices such as meditation, yoga, and deep breathing are better at removing anger. The goal should be to lower rather than raise excitement, he says. Even running, which many people view as a kind of therapy, increases too much excitement to be an effective anger reliever. “You should go for runs because they’ re good for your health, but not because they’ll make you feel calmer,” Bushman says. When you feel yourself getting stuck in the quicksand of venting, look for healthier coping strategies. Bushman’s research supports the “fly-on-the-wall” technique, which challenges angry people to imagine themselves as a third party observing the situation that made them angry. A 2019 study also found that it’s healthier to look for broader meaning in an annoying situation Think: “you can’t always get what you want”) than to fix on every annoying detail. 1．What is the finding of Brad Bushman’s study? A．Venting does good to health. B．Venting makes things worse. C．It’s beneficial to hit a punching bag. D．It’s better to vent to your loved ones. 2．What does the underlined word “rumination” refer to in paragraph 2? A．Focusing on negative feelings. B．Blowing up minor annoyances. C．Solving the discouraging problems. D．Treating the social slight positively. 3．What can we know about running according to paragraph 3? A．It can fuel anger. B．It is an anger reliever. C．It can lower excitement. D．It is a calming practice. 4．What can angry people do when venting according to the “fly-on-the-wall” technique? A．Observe the situation as a victim. B．Put themselves into onlookers’ shoes. C．Search for a broader meaning in the situation. D．Analyze the situation from an outsider’s angle. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【答案】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于发泄愤怒的研究发现以及更健康的应对愤怒的策略。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“He demonstrated that when people expressed anger, such as by hitting a punching bag (沙袋), they only got more angry and aggressive.(他证明，当人们表达愤怒，比如打沙袋时，他们只会变得更加愤怒和具有攻击性)”可知，Brad Bushman的研究发现是发泄会让事情变得更糟。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。划线词所在句“Analyzing a frustrating conversation or social slight (轻视) can cause rumination — the psychological term for fixing on negative thoughts and feelings (分析令人沮丧的谈话或社交轻视会导致rumination——专注于消极思想和情感的心理学术语)”中破折号后的内容是对rumination的解释，即rumination是心理学上用来描述专注于消极思想和感受的术语。故rumination的意思是“专注于消极感受”，与A项“Focusing on negative feelings.”同义。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Even running, which many people view as a kind of therapy, increases too much excitement to be an effective anger reliever.(即使是跑步，很多人认为它是一种治疗，但它会增加太多的兴奋感，不能有效地缓解愤怒)”可知，跑步不能有效地缓解愤怒，反而会增加兴奋感，可能会加剧愤怒。由此可推知，跑步可能会助长愤怒。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Bushman’s research supports the “fly-on-the-wall” technique, which challenges angry people to imagine themselves as a third party observing the situation that made them angry.(布什曼的研究支持了“窥探者”技巧，该技巧要求愤怒的人把自己想象成第三方，观察让他们愤怒的情况)”可知，按照“窥探者”技巧，愤怒的人在发泄时应该从局外人的角度分析情况。故选D项。 Passage 4 The standard public health threats are all-too familiar: Smoking. High blood pressure. Cancer. But a new government advisory made headlines in 2023 by adding an unexpected major player. Loneliness, stated the report from Vivek Murthy, is a widely underrecognized U.S. health crisis. Lonely people, as Murthy’s report warns, run the same death-rate risk as people who smoke 15 cigarettes a day. Maybe it’s hard to understand how a lack of companionship could be as threatening as an addiction. But humans are so biologically related to be social that isolation (孤独) causes surprising harm on our systems. People who lack social support have a 29 percent higher risk of heart disease, a 32 percent higher risk of stroke, and a 26 to 29 percent higher risk of premature death, according to the report. Scientists now know that loneliness can cause many health problems. That may be because ancestral humans thrived in supportive communities—and anything less can set off a biochemical stress response. “Our brains function more efficiently when we are with others,” says Julianne. Holt-Lunstad, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at Brigham Young University. In multiple studies, the stress of aloneness has been linked to higher levels of inflammation (发炎) in the body. When this inflammation persists, the resulting cellular damage can lead to illnesses like Alzheimer’s. Since loneliness is considered as a personal failure, it’s easy to assume people should just try to handle it on their own. But in reality, many of the factors that promote social isolation are structural ones. “It could be workplace policies that don’t allow flexibility to develop personal relationships,” Holt-Lunstad says. “It might be busy or unsafe streets that are barriers to getting to know your neighbors.” The solutions Murthy and Holt-Lunstad propose aren’t all individual lifestyle changes. “We recommend investing in social public facilities to help build connections in communities,”Holt-Lunstad says. That could mean increasing support for civil centre like volunteer programs, redesigning public spaces to encourage gatherings, or changing digital spaces in ways that promote bonding. 1．Why does Murthy mention people who smoke heavily in the report? A．To introduce a health crisis. B．To show the harm of loneliness. C．To reveal high death-rate of cancer. D．To discuss the difficulty of giving up smoking. 2．How does the author support the findings in paragraph 2? A．By listing health threats. B．By making comparisons. C．By providing statistics. D．By analyzing biological features. 3．What does the underlined word “thrived” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．participated voluntarily B．lived healthily C．remained stable D．got desperate 4．Which measure might Holt-Lunstad approve of as a solution? A．Setting up chat benches in parks. B．Removing road barriers in busy streets. C．Collecting users’ preference in digital spaces. D．Investing in more public fire-fighting equipment. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【答案】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍孤单是影响人们健康的主要因素，分析其产生的原因并提出解决措施。 1．推断判断题。根据第二段中“Lonely people, as Murthy’s report warns, run the same death-rate risk as people who smoke 15 cigarettes a day. (正如穆尔蒂的报告所警告的，孤独的人与每天吸15支烟的人有着相同的死亡风险) ”可知，文章中用吸烟的人来类比说明孤单造成的危害。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“People who lack social support have a 29 percent higher risk of heart disease, a 32 percent higher risk of stroke, and a 26 to 29 percent higher risk of premature death, according to the report.(根据报告，缺乏社交支持的人患心脏病的风险高出29%，患中风的风险高出32%，早逝的风险高出26%到29%)”可知，第二段提供了很多数据说明孤单会增加患病的风险，对人们的身体健康造成影响。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Scientists now know that loneliness can cause many health problems. That may be because ancestral humans thrived in supportive communities — and anything less can set off a biochemical stress response. “Our brains function more efficiently when we are with others,” says Julianne. (科学家们现在知道孤独可以引起许多健康问题。那可能是因为祖先人类在支持性的社区中thrived——任何少于这样的环境都会引发生化应激反应。“当我们和他人在一起时，我们的大脑功能更高效，”朱利安说)”可知，结合语境以及人类的发展常理推断，此处说的是远古人类在相互支持的群体中能健康地生活，一旦缺乏这种支持环境就会出现问题。thrive意为“繁荣、兴旺、茁壮成长”，与lived healthily 意思相近。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We recommend investing in social public facilities to help build connections in communities,” Holt-Lunstad says. That could mean increasing support for civil centre like volunteer programs, redesigning public spaces to encourage gatherings, or changing digital spaces in ways that promote bonding.(霍尔特—伦斯塔德说：“我们建议投资社会公共设施，以帮助在社区中建立联系。”这可能意味着增加对诸如志愿者项目等公民中心的支持，重新设计公共空间以鼓励聚会，或者以促进联系的方式改变数字空间)”可知，霍尔特—伦斯塔德提出的解决方案之一是投资于促进社区联系的社会公共设施。设置聊天长椅 (chat benches) 这样的措施能够鼓励人们之间的交流和互动，符合所提倡的建立社区连接的理念。故选A。 Passage 5 We all remember that first cry at the movies. Whether they are tears of joy or sadness, it’s quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen. In fact, it all comes from a plan. But what about those heart- breaking stories... for kids? They seem not to sugarcoat the realities of the world. Actually, many great kids’ movies filled with tragedy (悲剧) are purposefully meant to stir up kids’ strong feelings. According to Aristotle,  tragedy aids us in facing life’s unsolvable issues through sensible (理智的) thinking. Therefore, the existence of tragedy in kids’ movies is to teach kids to handle, to understand and to heal. The hardest lesson for a child is how to deal with loss, especially if it’s sudden. The cartoon classic The Lion King tells the story of Simba, who experiences the loss of his father. Kids see themselves in Simba’s character. He has dreams. He has a desire to grow and be a part of a bigger world. But it is really heartbreaking to see the loss. Why is a film like this so beloved when it makes kids cry? The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward. Hakuna Matata! Yes, the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it’s okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you. It’s an important lesson we learned at a very young age. Sadness should not be ignored (忽视). It’s important to feel sad, and that is why these films are so great. In Dumbo, Charlotte’s Web and Bridge to Terabithia, we lose our beloved characters. This quite upsets kids, but it teaches them to accept sadness and makes something new out of it. So, what is the message behind a sad kids’ movie? It’s meant to teach the audience, especially children, to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy. It’s like a cushion (缓冲垫) that separates stories from reality. It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real, or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata. 1．Why does the author mention “first cry” in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To recommend a movie. C．To support an argument. D．To explain the reason. 2．What does the underlined phrase “Hakuna Matata” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Viewing sadness as a treatment. B．Seeking knowledge to enrich life. C．Challenging oneself with tragic losses. D．Heading forward without being caught. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Children can find a way to hide sad feelings. B．Children can learn to ignore sadness in tragedy. C．Sad kids’ movies prepare children for tough times. D．Sad kids’ movies help children to escape from reality. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Are Great Kids’ Movies So Sad? B．What Is the Power of Great Kids’ Movies? C．Life’s Hardest Lesson: How Kids’ Movies Inspire Us? D．Moving Beyond Reality: What Sad Kids’ Movies Teach Us? 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【答案】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了悲伤的儿童电影如何通过悲剧情节帮助孩子们理解和处理失去等复杂情感，教会他们面对现实中的困难，并从中获得成长和独立。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“We all remember that first cry at the movies. Whether they are tears of joy or sadness, it’s quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen. In fact, it all comes from a plan. But what about those heart- breaking stories... for kids? (我们都记得看电影时的第一次哭泣。无论是喜悦的泪水还是悲伤的泪水，令人惊讶的是，人类的情感可以被屏幕上移动的图像所控制。事实上，这一切都源于一个计划。但是那些让孩子们心碎的故事呢)”可知，开头先提到看电影时的第一次哭泣，描述电影引起我们的情感反应，继而引出让孩子们心碎的电影故事，后文围绕悲伤的儿童电影及其背后的原因展开。由此可知，作者提到这个是为了引出文章的话题。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward. (它教给我们的是克服困难，继续前进)”和下文“Yes, the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it’s okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you. (是的，《狮子王》里的那句话是要告诉孩子们，从悲剧中走出来是可以的，不要让它定义你)”可推知，画线部分Hakuna Matata !意为“向前走而不被困住”。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’s meant to teach the audience, especially children, to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy. It’s like a cushion (缓冲垫) that separates stories from reality. It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real, or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata. (它的目的是教会观众，尤其是孩子，获得独立，如何从悲剧中解脱出来。它就像一个缓冲垫，把故事和现实分开。当孩子们真正来到这里时，它可以帮助他们处理悲伤的情绪，或者至少通过说“Hakuna Matata”来找到解脱)”可推知，这些电影让孩子们为艰难的时刻做好准备。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“But what about those heart-breaking stories… for kids? They seem not to sugarcoat the realities of the world. (但是那些让孩子们心碎的故事呢？他们似乎没有粉饰世界的现实)”可知，文章开篇提出了对于儿童电影中那些令人心碎的故事的疑问，然后围绕着儿童电影中存在悲剧元素展开论述，详细解释了许多儿童电影充满悲剧的原因。因此，文章是在探讨出色的儿童电影为何会有悲伤元素，A项“为什么出色的儿童电影如此悲伤”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选A项。 Passage 6 Jasmine is on my Zoom screen. She is pulling her hair. As she starts talking, the rate of the pulling increases. “My exam is on Friday,” she tells me, “What if I get a question I can’t answer? What if I don’t get a good grade?” Jasmine is just one of the students suffering from test anxiety. The word “anxiety” originates from Latin, meaning narrowing. The “narrowing” describes what’s happening in Jasmine’s nervous system. Basically, the sympathetic (交感神经) branch — fight-or-flight — has switched on, and her muscles have narrowed as if she’s preparing to do battle or run away. Commonly known the “rest and digest” branch, the parasympathetic nervous (副交感神经) system plays an important role in thinking and learning by promoting a state of relaxation and calmness. When the parasympathetic nervous system starts working, it reduces stress and anxiety, improving focus and concentration. There are three simple tools for engaging the parasympathetic branch: breathing, grounding, and sensing. Breathing means a steady flow of breath; grounding means feeling the chair and the floor supporting you; and sensing means turning on one or more of the five senses. In more than 40 years of coaching test-takers, I have observed how often they hold their breath, how nervous and ungrounded they are, and how unaware they are of feeling the touch of clothes on their own bodies. No wonder people are exhausted by the end of a long test! When they use the three calming tools, they create the state necessary for sitting still, thinking, remembering, reasoning, and, finally, answering questions. We all face countless tests in everyday life. Unexpected, unwanted things happen to everyone. Wouldn’t it be a whole lot better if we faced the tests by being calm? In case you’re wondering, the answer is “Yes!” But the real question is: Instead of forcing students to progress through endless comparison and competition, why don’t we teach them how to stay calm? 1．Why does the author mention Jasmine in the first paragraph? A．To show students’ intense emotions. B．To introduce a problem students face. C．To compare different attitudes towards tests. D．To analyse students’ behaviors during video calls. 2．What change would be brought when the parasympathetic nervous system is at work? A．Improved attention. B．Worsened anxiety. C．Tightened muscles. D．Quickened response. 3．From the last paragraph we can infer that the writer thinks it important ________. A．to take some tests to make progress B．to attach importance to comparison and competition C．to learn to avoid unexpected and unwanted things in life D．to prepare students with the ways to keep calm during tests 4．What is the text mainly about? A．What do students face in tests? B．How to deal with test anxiety? C．How to engage the nervous system? D．What should students do to avoid tests? 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【答案】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学生往往有考试焦虑的问题，探讨了副交感神经系统在减轻压力和焦虑中的作用，并提出了通过呼吸、着陆和知觉这三种简单的工具来帮助学生在考试中保持冷静。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Jasmine is on my Zoom screen. She is pulling her hair. As she starts talking, the rate of the pulling increases. “My exam is on Friday,” she tells me, “What if I get a question I can’t answer? What if I don’t get a good grade?” (Jasmine在我的Zoom屏幕上。她在扯她的头发。当她开始说话时，拉扯的速度增加了。“我的考试是在周五，”她告诉我，“如果我遇到一道答不上来的题怎么办？如果我没有取得好成绩怎么办？”)”和第二段中“Jasmine is just one of the students suffering from test anxiety. (Jasmine只是遭受考试焦虑的学生之一)”可知，作者先生动地描述了Jasmine因为考试而焦虑不安的状态，然后指出遭受考试焦虑的学生有很多，后文围绕考试焦虑展开。由此可知，作者提到Jasmine是为了引出学生面临的考试焦虑的问题。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When the parasympathetic nervous system starts working, it reduces stress and anxiety, improving focus and concentration. (当副交感神经系统开始工作时，它会减少压力和焦虑，提高注意力和集中力)”可知，当副交感神经系统在工作时，注意力会得到提高。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wouldn’t it be a whole lot better if we faced the tests by being calm? In case you’re wondering, the answer is “Yes!” But the real question is: Instead of forcing students to progress through endless comparison and competition, why don’t we teach them how to stay calm? (如果我们冷静地面对考试，不是会好得多吗？如果你想知道，答案是“是的！”但真正的问题是：与其强迫学生通过无休止的比较和竞争来进步，我们为什么不教他们如何保持冷静呢)”可知，作者指出冷静地面对考试是更好的方法，而不是让学生陷入比较和竞争。由此可知，作者认为让学生学会在考试中保持冷静是很重要的。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Wouldn’t it be a whole lot better if we faced the tests by being calm? (如果我们冷静地面对考试，不是会好得多吗)”可知，文章围绕学生往往面临的考试焦虑的问题展开，探讨了副交感神经系统在减轻压力和焦虑中的作用，并提出了通过呼吸、着陆和知觉这三种简单的工具来帮助学生在考试中保持冷静。因此，文章主要是关于“如何应对考试焦虑”。故选B项。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$