Unit 2 Getting along讲义和练习 2025-2026学年外研版（2024）八年级英语上册

2025 秋外研英语八上讲义和练习 Unit 2 Getting along 一、单元核心目标 1. 知识目标：熟练掌握重点词汇与短语，像 selfish、giant、share 等；深入理解并正确运用现在完成时描述经历，尤其是与分享相关的表达。 2. 能力目标：能够灵活运用本单元词汇和句型，流畅地谈论人际关系；学会运用现在完成时讲述分享故事；有效提升阅读理解和写作能力，准确表达对如何与人相处的看法。 3. 情感目标：深刻理解分享、理解和友善在人际关系中的重要性，树立积极、正确的人际交往观念。 二、重点词汇与短语 1. 重点词汇 selfish：自私的，形容词。例如：The selfish boy didn't want to share his toys.（这个自私的男孩不想分享他的玩具。） giant：巨人；巨大的，可作名词或形容词 。作名词时如：The giant in the story was very strong.（故事里的巨人非常强壮。）作形容词时，a giant apple（一个巨大的苹果）。 share：分享，动词。常见用法有 share sth. with sb.，表示 “和某人分享某物” 。例如：I like to share my books with my classmates.（我喜欢和我的同学分享我的书。） knock：敲；碰，撞，动词。knock down 意为 “推倒；撞倒”；knock on/at 意为 “敲 （门、窗等）” 。例如：Don't knock down the old wall（. 别推倒那堵旧墙。）He knocked on the door before entering.（他在进入前敲了敲门。） 2. 重点短语 get along with：与…… 相处。例如：I get along well with my neighbors.（我和邻居相处得很好。） 第 1 页 共 9 页 2025 秋外研英语八上讲义和练习 look after：照顾，照料。相当于 take care of。例如：You should look after your little sister.（你应该照顾好你的妹妹。） give up：放弃。例如：Don't give up easily when you face difficulties.（当你遇到困难时，不要轻易放弃。） reach an agreement：达成协议。例如：After a long discussion, they finally reached an agreement.（经过长时间的讨论，他们最终达成了协议。） 三、语法聚焦：现在完成时（2） 1. 构成与基本用法回顾：现在完成时由 “have/has + 动词的过去分词” 构成。它主要用于表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者表示过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。例如：I have finished my homework.（强调现在作业已完成，对现在的影响是可以做其他事了）；He has lived here for five years.（表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的居住状态）。 2. 与 for 和 since 的搭配 for：后接时间段，表示动作持续的时间长度 。如：We have been friends for ten years. （我们成为朋友已经十年了。） since：后接时间点或一般过去时的句子，表示动作开始的时间 。如：I have studied English since 2015.（我从 2015 年起就学习英语了。）；She has been happy since she got the good news.（自从她得到这个好消息，她就一直很开心。） 3. 现在完成时在本单元的应用：在描述分享经历等相关内容时，常使用现在完成时。比如： I have shared my toys with my friends since last week.（自从上周起，我就和朋友们分享我的玩具了。）通过这类句子，能更好地体现分享行为从过去开始对现在产生的影响，如增进了友谊等。 四、课文解读 The Selfish Giant 第 2 页 共 9 页 2025 秋外研英语八上讲义和练习 1. 文章大意：本文改编自奥斯卡・王尔德的作品，讲述了自私的巨人不让孩子们在他的花园里玩耍，结果花园里一直是冬天，没有春天、夏天和秋天的美景与收获。后来巨人意识到自己的自私，推倒了围墙，孩子们重新回到花园，花园也恢复了生机，以此揭示了分享的重要性。 2. 重点句子解析 “The Giant has been away for a long time.”：此句使用现在完成时，表示巨人离开这个动作从过去开始，持续到现在，强调状态的延续。“for a long time” 为时间段，表明离开的时长。 “Since then, he hasn't seen a child there.”：“since then” 意为 “从那时起”，是现在完成时的标志词之一。此句表示从巨人赶走孩子并筑起围墙后，到现在这段时间里，他再也没在花园里看到过孩子，突出过去动作对现在的影响。 “How selfish I've been!”：这是一个感叹句，运用现在完成时强调巨人对自己过去自私行为的反思，意识到自己的自私行为持续了一段时间，对花园和孩子们造成了不好的影响 。 Six chi away, but closer together 1. 文章大意：讲述了清朝时期安徽桐城张家和吴家因房屋分界线起争执，张家向在朝廷任职的亲戚张英求助，张英回诗劝张家礼让，张家照做后，吴家也做出同样举动，最终形成六尺巷的故事，体现了邻里间理解与友善的重要性。 2. 重点句子解析 “A letter from far away just for a wall, Is not right or good at all.”：这句诗表明为了一堵墙而千里写信争论，这种行为既不合理也不可取，为下文张家的转变做铺垫。 “Three chi to your neighbor as a gift, Is nothing as time continues to drift.”：意思是给邻居让三尺地当作礼物，随着时间推移，这并不是什么大不了的事，传达出一种豁达、友善的处世态度。 第 3 页 共 9 页 2025 秋外研英语八上讲义和练习 “The people of Tongcheng still keep the poem in mind. Whenever they walk down the lane, they remember how kindness encourages more kindness.”：突出了这个故事的影响，强调了友善行为的传递性，人们通过铭记这首诗和六尺巷的故事，领悟到友善能激发更多的友善。 五、阅读技巧：故事类文章阅读策略 1. 把握故事要素：阅读故事类文章时，要明确故事发生的时间（如《自私的巨人》中未明确具体时间，但可从四季变化感知时间线；《六尺巷》发生在清朝）、地点（巨人的花园、安徽桐城）、人物（巨人、孩子们、张家、吴家等）、事件（巨人与孩子们的故事、两家的争执与和解）等基本要素，这有助于理解故事的整体框架。 2. 分析故事发展脉络：关注故事的起因、经过和结果。例如，《自私的巨人》中，起因是巨人赶走孩子，经过是花园四季不更替，结果是巨人改变想法推倒围墙；《六尺巷》中，起因是两家为墙的分界线争吵，经过是张家得诗后让步，吴家也跟着让步，结果是形成六尺巷。通过分析脉络，能更好地理解故事的主旨和作者的意图。 3. 理解故事寓意：思考故事传达的道理或情感。《自私的巨人》告诉我们分享能带来快乐，自私会导致孤独；《六尺巷》体现了邻里间应相互理解、友善相处，让一步海阔天空的道理。 六、写作指导 1. 写作任务：写一篇关于人与人之间理解的小故事，并创作一份与人相处的指南。 2. 写小故事思路 确定故事要素：明确故事发生的时间、地点、人物和问题。比如设定在学校，两个同学因小组作业分工产生矛盾。 描述问题解决过程：详细叙述人物如何面对和解决问题。如两个同学通过沟通，互相理解对方的困难，重新调整分工，完成作业。 第 4 页 共 9 页 2025 秋外研英语八上讲义和练习 点明故事意义：在结尾处说明这个故事所体现的人与人之间理解的重要性，如 “Through this experience, they learned that understanding each other is the key to getting along well.”（通过这次经历，他们明白了相互理解是友好相处的关键。） 3. 创作相处指南思路 引言部分：阐述与人相处的重要性，例如 “Getting along with others is an essential part of our life. We need to communicate and cooperate with others every day, so it's crucial to know how to build good relationships.”（与人相处是我们生活的重要部分。我们每天都需要与他人交流合作，所以了解如何建立良好关系至关重要。） 描述常见问题及解决方法：列举常见问题，如意见不合、发生争吵等，并提出解决办法，如学会倾听、换位思考等。例如：“A common problem is that we may have different opinions with others. When this happens, we should listen to their ideas patiently and try to put ourselves in their shoes.”（一个常见问题是我们可能与他人意见不同。当这种情况发生时，我们应该耐心倾听他们的想法，并试着换位思考。） 总结强调良好关系的益处： 在结尾强调良好人际关系的积极影响， 如 “Good relationships can make our lives more enjoyable and help us grow both emotionally and socially.”（良好的人际关系能让我们的生活更愉快，帮助我们在情感和社交方面成长。） 4. 写作注意事项：在写作过程中，要运用本单元所学的词汇和短语，像 get along with、 reach an agreement、give up 等，增强文章与单元内容的关联性；注意语法正确，尤其是现在完成时的正确使用；同时，合理分段，使文章结构清晰，逻辑连贯。 七、单元测试题（部分示例） （一）单项选择 1. -How long have you this book? -For two weeks. A. borrowed B. lent C. kept D. bought 第 5 页 共 9 页 2025 秋外研英语八上讲义和练习 2. My parents have been married 2005. A. for B. since C. in D. at 3. The selfish man doesn't want to his things with others. A. share B. show C. give D. take （二）完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Once upon a time, there was a small village. The people there were hard - working, but they were not happy. Because there was a 1 in the village. He was very selfish. He 2 all the good things in the village for himself. One day, a wise old man came to the village. He heard about the problem and decided to help. He 3 the selfish man and said, “You should learn to 4 . If you share your things with others, you will be happier.” The selfish man didn't believe at first, but he decided to have a try. He started to share his food with the poor. 5 he found that people were very grateful to him. And he felt very happy. From then on, he became a kind man. 1. A. man B. woman C. child D. giant 2. A. gave B. shared C. kept D. sold 3. A. talked about B. talked to C. talked with D. talked at 4. A. share B. help C. work D. study 5. A. But B. And C. Or D. So （三）阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 There was a boy named Tom. He was very selfish. He never shared his toys with his friends. One day, his friends came to play at his home. They saw his new toy car. They wanted to play 第 6 页 共 9 页 2025 秋外研英语八上讲义和练习 with it, but Tom said no. His friends were very sad and left. After a few days, Tom's friends had a party. They didn't invite Tom because he was selfish. Tom felt very lonely. He realized that he was wrong. He decided to change himself. He bought some snacks and went to his friends' homes. He said sorry to them and shared the snacks. His friends were very happy and forgave him. From then on, Tom learned to share and made many friends. 1. Why didn't Tom's friends invite him to the party? A. Because they didn't like Tom. B. Because Tom was selfish. C. Because Tom had no time. D. Because Tom didn't like parties. 2. What did Tom do to change himself? A. He bought a new toy car. B. He had a party for his friends. C. He shared snacks with his friends and said sorry. D. He played games with his friends. （四）书面表达 请根据本单元所学内容，以 “Understanding between People” 为题，写一篇短文，介绍一次你经历或看到的人与人之间相互理解的事情。内容包括：事情发生的时间、地点、人物；事情的经过；你从这件事中得到的感悟。 要求： 1. 语言表达准确，短文连贯通顺； 2. 80 - 120 词左右； 3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。 八、答案与解析 （一）单项选择 第 7 页 共 9 页 2025 秋外研英语八上讲义和练习 1. 答案：C。borrow、lend 和 buy 都是瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的 “for two weeks” 连用；keep 是延续性动词，可以与时间段连用，所以选 C。 2. 答案：B。“since + 时间点” 表示 “自从…… 以来”，用于现在完成时；“for + 时间段”； in 后常接年、月、季节等；at 后接具体时间点。2005 是时间点，所以选 B。 3. 答案：A。share sth. with sb. 表示 “和某人分享某物” ，符合语境；show 意为 “展示”； give 意为 “给”；take 意为 “拿” ，均不符合，所以选 A。 （二）完形填空 1. 答案：A。根据下文 “He was very selfish.” 可知，这里说的是一个男人，所以选 A。 2. 答案：C。keep sth. for oneself 表示 “把某物留给自己” ，符合自私的男人的行为；give意为 “给”；share 意为 “分享”；sell 意为 “卖” ，均不符合，所以选 C。 3. 答案：B。talk to sb. 表示 “和某人谈话” ，强调一方对另一方说；talk with sb. 表示 “和某人交谈” ，强调双方互动；talk about 意为 “谈论”；talk at 不是固定短语。这里是老人和自私的男人说话，所以选 B。 4. 答案：A。根据下文 “If you share your things with others, you will be happier.” 可知，老人让他学会分享，所以选 A。 5. 答案：B。“He started to share his food with the poor.” 和 “he found that people were very grateful to him” 之间是顺承关系，用 and 连接；but 表示转折；or 表示选择； so 表示结果，所以选 B。 （三）阅读理解 1. 答案：B。从文中 “They didn't invite Tom because he was selfish.” 可知，汤姆的朋友不邀请他是因为他自私，所以选 B。 2. 答案：C。由 “He bought some snacks and went to his friends' homes. He said sorry to them and shared the snacks.” 可知，汤姆通过和朋友分享零食并道歉来改变自己，所以选 C。 第 8 页 共 9 页 2025 秋外研英语八上讲义和练习 （四）书面表达（One possible version） Understanding between People Last week, I saw an event that deeply impressed me. It happened in the school library. Lily and Lucy, two classmates of mine, were looking for books. They both wanted to borrow the same book, but there was only one copy left. At first, they argued about who should get it. Lily thought she needed it for an important project, while Lucy said she had been looking for it for a long time. But soon, they stopped arguing. Lily realized that Lucy really wanted the book, so she gave it to Lucy. Lucy was very touched and they started to talk about how they could share the information in the book. From this, I learned that understanding and giving in are very important in getting along with others. When we understand each other's needs, we can avoid conflicts and build better relationships. 第 9 页 共 9 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$