主题语境3 人与自然-【创新教程】2021-2025五年高考真题英语分类特训试卷

详解详析 11.B主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是 principle:to garden more like nature does.(Eschewing “虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们 化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大 在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段 自然那样进行图艺种植。)”中“to garden more like na- 中“That is partly because people are driving more.(部分 ture does”可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大 原因是开车的人越来越多。)”可知，解释了该行为产生 自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动 的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问 工具。所以划线词“Eschewing”的意思是“遵开，远离”， 题，纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer 与B项“Keeping away from.”同义。 技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后 29.D细节理解题。根据第二段中“The concept was born 一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的 when German city planners sought to plant large areas 法案，由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项Tex of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way ting and Driving？Watch Out for the Textalyzer(发短信 that would need minimal maintenance.(这个概念诞生 还是在开车？防范短信监控器)”适合做文章的标题。 于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且 Passage 11 需要最少维护的方式种植大片公园绿地。)”可知，引入 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心 矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低维护成本的公图绿地。 赃的好处 30.C推理判断题。根据第三段中“Dutch plantsman and 12.D推理判断题。根据第二段的“Think of a rubber designer Piet Oudolf's gardens popularized this style, band.In the beginning,it is flexible,but put it in a adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while pla- drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily ying with color and form,including four-season interest broken,'says Dr.Ben Levine,a heart specialist at the and serving the needs of wildlife.(荷兰植物学家兼设计 University of Texas.That's what happens to the heart. 师Piet Oudolf的花园推广了这种风格，在种植组合中 (‘想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉 增添了艺术气息，同时玩转色彩和形态，四季都有看 里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，’德克萨斯大学 点，还满足了野生动物的需求，)”可知，Piet Oudolf的 的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。)” 花园有艺术气息，很有品味。 可知，菜文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程。 3l.A主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Referred to l3.C推理判断题。根据第三段的“The first group par as matrix planting,this approach aims for nature to do ticipated in a program of nonaerobic exercise-balance a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden,and even training and weight training-three times a week.The some of the designing.Eschewing fertilizers()and second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under power tools,it's based on an elegantly simple principle: the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. to garden more like nature does,.(这种被称为矩阵种枝 (第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动一平衡训练和重 的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作， 量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多 甚至承担一些设计工作。它避开化肥和电动工具，基 的高强度有氧运动。)”可知，两组在研究设计上的不同 于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种 在于运动类型的不同。 拉。)”和最后一段中“With human inputs dramatically l4.A细节理解题。根据第三段的“The second group did reduced,the garden's ecology can develop well.Estab- high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a lished matrix gardens should not need the life support trainer for four or more days a week.After two years, we give most gardens:fertilizer,dividing,regular wa- the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart tering.Compared to traditional garden plots,they in- health.(第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多 crease carbon absorption,reduce stormwater runoff and 的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况 boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.(随着人类 有了显著改善，)”和第四段的“We took these50-year 投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成 old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year- 熟的矩阵花图不需要我们给予大多数花园的维持手 old hearts,’says Levine.(某文说：‘我们把这些50岁 段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，它们 的心脏的时钟拨回30或35岁的心脏。’)”可知，莱文的 增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了桶息地 研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更 和生物多样性。)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种 年轻 新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状 l5.C推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study was 态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发 small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of 展。故A项“The future of gardening is WILD(园艺的 people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise 未来是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题。 routine make the biggest difference.(但这项研究的规 Passage 2 模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常辙 语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加 炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知，妮卡·戈德 卡洛秋季徒步节的几种步行方案，及其日期、起点和步行 堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。 时间等相关细节。 主题语境3人与自然 21.D细节理解题。通读全文，根据文章所给出的四种方 1.自然生态 案中的“Walk Duration(步行时间)”部分比较可知， Passage 1 “Walk4一Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest(步 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型 行4一基尔布兰尼什森林摄影步行)”的步行时间是1.5 园艺设计方法一 一矩阵种植。 小时，用时最短。 28.B词句猜测题。根据上文“Referred to as matrix 22.A细节理解题。据文章“Walk3一Moonlight Un planting,this approach aims for nature to do a lot more der the Stars(步行3一星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those of the heavy lifting in the garden,and even some of the who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permis- designing.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然 sion to participate.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加.)”可知， 在花因中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工 第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。 作。)”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工 23.D细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的“Date and 作；结合常识和划线词所在句“Eschewing fertilizers(化 Time(日期和时间)”部分比较可知，这四种方案都被安 and power tools,it's based on an elegantly simple 排在周末。 最新真题分类特训·英语 Passage 3 place where bears can pass through without learning [语篇解读]文章主要介绍了猫的行为及其背后的原因， bad habits,'says James Jonkel,longtime biologist who 帮助读者更好地理解猫的行为。 manages bears in and around Missoula.显然，如果不采 24.A细节理解题。由第一段内容可知，动物通过不同的 取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动 叫声表达自己的需求，如求助、驱赶危险动物或寻找住 物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱 所等，表明和大多数动物一样，猫的叫声也是一种生存 剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过 技能。 在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能 25.C细节理解题。由第二段内容可知，猫通过嗅觉来评 有效地赶走灰熊。·我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的 估环境和寻找危险的迹象，它们会在选择放松的地方 地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，’詹姆斯·琼克 之前嗅闻特定区域。因此，猫通过嗅觉来评估不同的 尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉市及其周国熊的生物 情况。 学家。”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻须， 26.D词义猜测题。由第三段中“Dogs are known for 但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。 their impressive fetching habit,but cats take this be- Passage 5 havior up a notch.”以及接下来的描述可知，猫通过带 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。城市化的发展让人们 回物品给主人来表示爱意，这种行为比狗的取物行为 越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生 更进一步，即做得更好。 自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一 27.B标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了猫的行为及其背后 座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动 的原因，帮助读者更好地理解猫的行为，因此最合造的 可以创造出一种可用的语言，可帮助人们认识和参与最令 标题是“理解你的猫的行为”。 人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生 Passage 4 自然。 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。讲述了美国灰熊从濒 32.B细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon 危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。 with growth,access to nature for people living in urban 32.A细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears,which areas is becoming harder to find.If you're lucky,there may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, might be a pocket park near where you live,but it's un- occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we usual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. 着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难 可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心 以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可 理中占据着一个矛盾的角落一 一即使它们给我们带来 能会有一个抽珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地 可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们。”可知，美国人对灰熊既有 方是罕见的。”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在 害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。 城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。 33.C推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In1975,griz 33.D推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several zlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. hundred park-goers,asking them to submit a written 1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》。”以及第四段“T0 summary online of a meaningful interaction they had day,there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the with nature in the park.The researchers then examined U.S.Their recovery has been so successful that the U. these submissions,coding (experiences into dif- S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to ferent categories.他们调查了数百名公国游客，要求他 delist grizzlies,which would loosen legal protections 们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大 and allow them to be hunted.如今，美国大约有2000 自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交 只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国 的信息，将体验分为不同的类别。”可知，研究人员按照 鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除 公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客 名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀，”可 分类，再根据第四段“Across the320 submissions,a 推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了 pattern of categories the researchers call a 'nature lan- 增长。 guage'began to emerge.After the coding of all submis- 34.A细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today,there are sions,half a dozen categories were noted most often as about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their re- important to visitors.在这320份提交的作品中，一种 covery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and 被研究人员称为‘自然语言’的分类模式开始出现。在 Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, 对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对 which would loosen legal protections and allow them to 游客最重要。”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行 be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits 了分类，以便在游客的总结中找到模式并确定对游客最重 from conservation groups.For now,grizzlies remain 要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种“自然语 1 isted.如今，美国大约有2000只成更多的灰熊。它们 言，”帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义 的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局 的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。 两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法 34.C推理判断题。根据第五段内客“Naming each nature 律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两 experience creates a usable language,which helps peo 次提案都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上。”可知，是 ple recognize and take part in the activities that are most 环保组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将 satisfying and meaningful to them.For example,the 灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。 experience of walking along the edge of water might be 35.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviously,.if pre-- satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in cautions aren't taken,grizzlies can become trouble- the park.Back downtown during a workday,they can en- some,sometimes killing farm animals or walking joy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking through yards in search of food.If people remove food along a fountain on their lunch break..命名每一种自然 and attractants from their yards and campsites,grizzlies 体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参 will typically pass by without trouble.Putting electric 与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如， fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal 沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在 quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies 周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中 away.'Our hope is to have a clean,attractant-free 心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家 详解详析 的互动方式。”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造了一种 home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. 可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与到对自己来说最 (我回到我的家乡Macclesfield拍摄一些冬季的照片。) 满意和最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人 可知Shepherd和Smith的作品的共同之处是它们都是 士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步 冬天的景象。 让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷 3.C推断判断题。根据第一段“Each year,the high 泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们 standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the 可以知道一样的自然体验可以以不同的形式呈现。 perfect platform to showcase the very best photography 35,B推理判断题。根据最后一段“We're trying to generate of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annu- a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions al competition for photographers from all corners of the back into our daily lives.And for that to happen,we also UK and beyond.(每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项 need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,'said 是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。对于英国 Peter Kahn,a senior author of the study..‘我们正试图创 和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人向 造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的 往的年度竟赛。)”结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介 日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自 绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以 然，这样我们才能与它互动，’该研究的资深作者拔 及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。 得·卡思说。”可推断，彼得·卡思认为在我们与大 Passage 8 自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在 Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。 Passage 6 4.D推理判断题。通过文章第一段“she became the40th [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种 black rhino to be born at the reserve(她成为该保护区出 会识别形状的风头鹦鹉。 生的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“His moth- 24.B细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Though not known er,grandmother and great grandmother were all born at to use tools in the wild,the birds have proved skilful at the reserve and still live there.(他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母 tool use while kept in the cage.(虽然人们不知道这些 都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里。)”可知，保护区的繁 鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里 育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成 时就能熟练地使用工具。)”以及“the birds were given 功的。 five differently shaped 'key'to choose from.Inserting 5.C细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She's healthy,strong the correct‘key’would let out the nut.(研究人员给了 and already eager to play and explore,(地很健康，很强 这些鸟5把形快各异的‘钥匙’供它们选择。插入正确 壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了。)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生 的‘钥匙’会让坚果出来。)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉 的厘牛身体状况很好。 是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。 6.A细节理解题。通过文章第一段“When the tiny crea 25.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans,babies ture arrived on January 31,she became the 40th black can put a round shape in a round hole from around one rhino to be born at the reserve,(1月31日，当这头小犀 year of age(在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把 牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀 个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知， 牛。)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhino to be born at 一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞 Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother 里”的任务。 Kisima and weighed about32kg.(1月5日，犀牛蚂妈 26.D推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在 Port Lympne,体重约为32公斤。)”可知，Solio和Kisima according to the researchers,is to try and work out 的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。 whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues,or 7.D推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell also use a sense of touch in making their shape selec- if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to pro- tions.(根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚风 tected areas of the wild(要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回 头鹦鹅是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择 野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，Port Lymp- 它们的形状。)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解风头鹦 ne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。 鹅在测试中是否使用触觉。 2.环境保护 27.D主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段 Passage 1 "Goffin's cockatoos,a kind of small parrot native to 语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2018 Australasia,have been shown to have similar shape- 年不同交通方式的温室气体排放占比，以及飞机、汽车等 recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.(科芬的 各类交通工具的未来绿色燃料路径 凤头鸥鹁是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识 21.C细节理解题。根据图表信急息ROAD VEHICLES部 别能力与两岁的人类相似。)”可推知，本文主要介绍了 分中“ROAD(PASSENGER)45.1%道路（客运） 会识别形状的凤头鹦热。D项“Cockatoos:Skilful 45.1%”以及“ROAD(GOODS)29.4%道路（货运） Shape-Sorters(凤头鹦鹅：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文 29.4%”可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%十29.4%= 意，最适合作为本文标题。 74.5%,即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比 Passage 7 74.5%。 [语篇解读]这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄彩比 22.C细节理解题。根据图表信息TRAINS一Electricity 赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况。 部分中“Some trains are already electrified through rails 1.B细节理解题。根据第一段“Take a view,the Land or wires:others can be made electric in pretty simple scape()Photographer of the Year Award,was the ways.(一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化； idea of Charlie Waite,one of today's most respected land- 其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化。)”可 scape photographers.(Take a view,年度风景摄影师奖 知，火车相较其他交通方式更易实现绿色化。 是Charlie Waite的主意，他是当今最受尊撒的风景摄影 23.B细节理解题。根据最后一段中“：We need to speed 师之一。)”可知摄影师最有可能参加Take a view。 up the development of green energy,and it will all get 2.A细节理解题。根据Mike Shepherd部分“It was an used,’says Wipke.(Wipke说：‘我们需要加速绿色能 源的开发，而且这些能源都会被利用起来。’)”可知， extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入，即加大对绿色能 the air..(那是一个极其寒冷的冬天的晚上，空气中弥漫 源的投入。 着冰冷的雾，)”和Timothy Smith部分“I was back in my 最新真题分类特训·英语 Passage 2 let these new systems develop their own ways to self-re- [语篇解读]本文主要介绍了一个名为“栖息地恢复小 pair.你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后 队”的公益环保组织，包括该组织的宗旨、志愿者招募要求 让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式。”可知，约翰工作 以及最近的活动安排 的基础是自然可以自我修复。 2l.C细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Help restore and Passage 4 protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石 to Bolinas Ridge.We'll explore beautiful park sites 国家公园提供的几项护林员项目。 while conducting invasive(侵入的)plant removal,win- 2l.D细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing ter planting,and seed collection.Habitat Restoration Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive 石体验野生动物(5月26日至9月2日)”和“Junior resources and protecting endangered species across the Ranger Wildlife Olympics(June5 to August21)少年护 ridges and valleys,(帮助恢复和保护从马林海岬到波利 林员野生动物奥林匹克运动会(6月5日至8月21 纳斯岭的马林海自然区域。我们将探索美丽的公园场 日)”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June9 to Septem 地，同时进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子收集。栖 ber2)在Artist Point的峡谷会谈(6月9日至9月2 息地恢复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和 日)”以及“Photography Workshops(June19&July10) 山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。)”可 摄影研讨会(6月19日和7月10日)”可知，四个项目 知，栖息地恢复小组的目的是保护当地生态系统。 中在黄石体脸野生动物开始的时间最早。 22.B绍节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10and 22.D细节理解题。根据文章“Canyon Talks at Artist over are welcome.(欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者。)”可知，参 Point(June9 to September2)在Artist Point的峡谷会 加柄息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。 谈(6月9日至9月2日)”部分中的“From a classic 23.B细节理解题。根据文章第五段“WeⅡbe working viewpoint,enjoy Lower Falls,the Yellowstone River, rain or shine.(我们将风雨无阻地工作。)”可知，身为志 and the breathtaking colors of the canyon while 愿者，即使天气不好也要工作。 learning about the area's natural and human history. Passage 3 一个经典的视角，欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色 [语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从 彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史。"可知，在At 小就很爱思考且好学，长大后他建造了一个生态机器，利 ist Point的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史。 用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水 23.B细节理解题。根据文章“Photography Workshops 24.C细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a (June19&.July10)摄影研讨会(6月19日和7月10 child,he loved to explore the woods around his house, 日)”部分中的“7/10一Wildflowers&White Balance: observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream, meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. for example,often became clear after flowing through (7/10一Wildflowers&.White Balance:在奇滕登停车场 plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When 的Washburn Trailhead举行。)”可知，7月l0日参加摄 he got older,John started to wonder if this process 影研讨会的将在Washburn Trailhead集合。 could be used to clean up the messes people were mak- Passage 5 ig.当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子 [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章通过作者和悉尼 周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如， 人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。 条航脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往 32.C主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometime in the early 往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可 1960s,a significant thing happened in Sydney,Austral- 以用来清理人们制造的混乱，”以及第二段“After stud ia,The city discovered its harbor..(20世纪60年代初， ying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college, 澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的 John went back to observing nature and asking ques- 港口。)”以及“But it is the harbor that makes the city.. tions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria( (但是是港口造就了城市。)”可知，本段主要介绍了悉 )Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemi- 尼发展的关键是港口 Cals?在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回 33.D细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Reynolds,a 到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物 cheerful fellow in his early 30s,pilot Sydney ferryboats 能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？”可 for a living.(30岁出头的Andrew Reynolds是个快乐 知，约翰聪颗好学，好奇心很强。 的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生。)”、第三段 25.D细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks,John “I'll miss these old boats(我会想念这些旧船的)”以及 added the sludge.几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去”以 第五段“Catamarans are faster,but they're not so ele- 及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results..The gant,and they're not fun to pilot.(双体船更快，但它们 plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as 不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣。)”可知，渡轮领航员 food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。 digested,and all that was left was pure water.他对结果 34.A推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, 感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始 the city's official historian,told me that in its rush to 吃起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净的水”可 modernity in the 1970s,Sydney swept aside much of its 知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里为了测试生态机器。 past,including many of its finest buildings.(悉尼的官 26.B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, 方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔 John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a 向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边 greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage ( 包括许多最漂亮的建筑。)”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为 from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also de- 悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。 signed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a 35.A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“On the other hand, city in southeast China.这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大 being young and old at the same time has its attrac- 工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自 tions.I considered this when I met a thoughtful young 南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态 businessman named Anthony.(另一方面，同时既年轻 机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。”可推知 又古老也有它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻 作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用」 商人Anthony时，我考惠到了这一点。)”以及最后一段 27.A推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in “He is right(他说得没错)”可推知，作者赞同Anthony new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you 的观，点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。 详解详析 Passage 6 32.A细节理解题。题千定位：根据题千中的prefer定位 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。Beniamin Von Wong用 在第一段第三句。根据That's why I have a member-- 回收到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品，目的是提醒人们警裼所 ship at the coworking space across the street-so I can 生产、消费的塑料垃圾，以及提高人们对改善环境问题的 focus.可知，采访者之所以成为合作办公空间的会员， 参与意识。 是因为他认为这有助于他集中精力，故选A。A项中的 28.C细节理解题。题千定位：由题千中的“Von Wong's concentrate与focus是同义词。千扰项排除：B项“阻断 artworks'”可以定位到第一段“He builds massive sculp 背景噪音”，C项“剑造良好的氛围”，D项“促进面对面 tures out of plastic garbage"。由“forcing viewers to re 交流”，均与文章信息不符，应予排除。 examine their relationship to single-use plastic prod- 33.C细节理解题。根据the participants in the70deci uCts”可知，他创作出这样的作品是为了迫使观众重新斯 bels group-those exposed to a level of noise similar to 审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系。 background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly out- 误解分析：易误选D项。受到“但是一根塑料吸管或者 performed the other groups可知，70分贝测试组的参加 一个杯子真的有区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王希望 者显然比其他测试组在创新思维测试方面成绩更好，而这 你们知道它的确如此。”的干扰，并不是为了减少海滩 个噪音水平与咖啡馆里的噪声背景相似。 上的垃圾，面是引起人们的重视。 误解分析：本题易错选A。考生易根据主观臆断，认为 29.A推理判断题。题千定位：由题千中的“discuss plastic 在完全安静的情况下易于集中注意力，有助于创新思 straws in Paragraph3”可知定位到第三段。由“Just9%of 维，但根据our creative thinking does not differ that global plastic waste is recycled.""Plastic straws are by no much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of means the biggest source (of plastic pollution,but background noise可知，创造性思维在完全安静和85分 they've recently come under fire because most people don't 贝的背景噪音下的反应没有太大区别，因此A项是错 need them to drink with and,because of their small size and 误的。 weight,.they cannot be recycled.”可知，全球塑料废品回收 34.D推理判断题。题千定位：根据题千中的unwelcome 率低，人们喝饮料时不需要塑料管，而且由于它们的体积 定位在第四段第一二句。根据we can't stop ourselves 和重量，它们不能被回收利用。 from getting drawn into others'conversations while 误解分析：易误选B项。受到“Von Wong's artwork we're trying to focus可知，在开放办公区，人们在努力 likely came from a drink that someone used for only a 集中精力办公的时候不断卷入其他人的交谈中，由此 few minutes.”的于扰，误认为这些塑料吸管是有用的。 判断，他们的注意力不断受到干扰，故选D。干扰项排 30.B推理判断题。由第四段可知，在2018年的一篇文 除：文章分析了人们不喜欢开放式办公的原因，主要在 章中，Von Wong想要说明一个具体的统计数据：每60 于别人的谈话影响自己集中注意力，而与A项“个人隐 秒，一卡车的塑料就会进入海洋。为了拍摄这幅名为 私不能得到保护”，B项“工作空间受限”及C项“小组讨 《一卡车的塑料》的作品，Von Wong和一群志愿者收集 论受到约来”没有关系，况且文章中没有提及这些信 了超过10000块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，看起来就 息，因此应排除A、B、C三项 像是从卡车上一次性扔下来的。故选B。千扰项排除：A 35.D推理判断题。根据第一段第一句During an inter- 项“冷静的”，C项“使人耳目一新的”，D项“具有挑战性 view for one of my books,my interviewer said some- 的”。由“每60秒，一卡车的塑料就会进入海洋”可知， thing I still think about often.可知，作者曾出版过几本 这件事情是令人不安的。 书，由此判断，他是一位出版作家 3l.D主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是Benjamin Von 误解分析：本题易错选B。B项意为“办公室经理”，本 Wog用回收到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品，目的是提醒 文介绍了开放办公与合作办公对于工作人员集中注意 人们警惕所生产、消费的塑料垃圾，以及提高人们对改 力影响的比较，这是作者援引的一项其他人的研究结 善环境问题的参与意识。故选D。千扰项排除：A项 果，不能说明作者的身份是办公室经理。因此B项 “艺术家对塑料安全的看法”，与主题不特：B项“媒体对 错误。 当代艺术的兴趣”，与主旨相饽：C项“要求大公司承担 [难句分析 责任”，太宽泛了。故排除A、BC项。 原文：The problem may be that,in our offices,we can't stop [难句分析] ourselves from getting drawn into others'conversations 原文：Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of while we're trying to focus. plastic pollution,but they've recently come under fire be- 译文：问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注 cause most people don't need them to drink with and,be- 意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的谈话中。 cause of their small size and weight,they cannot be recy- 分析：这是一个主从复合句，包含两个从句：that引导的表 cled. 语从句，while引导的时间状语从句。本句的主句结构是 译文：塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大来源，但是最近它 The problem may be.... 们受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要它们来喝水，而且由 Passage 8 于它们的体积和重量很小，它们不能被回收利用。 [语篇解读]主题语境：人与自然一保护水生生物。本 分析：这是一个复合句。but和and连接并列分句，第一个 文是一篇说明文。湿地遭到破坏使得水生生物的数量不 because引导原因状语从句。 断减少，意识到这一问题的严重性之后，人们通过了一项 Passage 7 法令来保护湿地，保护水生生物。 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，通过实验数据分析了办 28.A细节理解题。考查考生对具体信息的理解和提取 公室噪音对于办公效率的影响，协作办公有利于集中注意 能力。根据第一段的背景介绍，尤其是最后一句“Ml 力，有利于创新思维，因此逐渐受到欢迎。 lions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,greatly reducing water- Theinrviptio○ fowl habitat.”可知，为了给不断增长的人口腾空间，大 面积的湿地遭到破杯，使得水禽的栖息地减少，导致了 水禽数量的锐减。 lesnlt-ef ihe frarirth 29.C词义猜测题。考查考生对上下文的理解及词义的 推断能力。由划线词所在句的“Unfortunately”可知，划 线词的词义与上文提到的“taken care of”相反，再结合 下文提到的“Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market hunters...”可判断出，decimate与de stroy意义相近，表示“破坏，毁灭”。 最新真题分类特训·英语 30.D推理判断题。考查考生推理判断的能力。根据最 第二部分阅读理解七选五 后一段的“Since 1934,better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million 主题1生活、学习与工作 acres of habitat..”可推知，l934年通过的这项法令增加了 Passage 1 政府的收入，让政府有线去保护湿地。 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大学咖 31.A标题选择題。考查考生对文章主旨的概括理解能 啡馆工作人员凯瑟琳·墨菲用真诚的服务和热情的微笑 力。本文第一段通过对水禽生存危机的描述引出第二 为学生带来温暖的故事，展现了这位平凡英雄的动人 段的话题 一Federal Duck Stamp(联邦鸭票)，并对其 之处。 具体细节和作用进行了介绍。由此可知，本文的中心 36.E根据上文“Need a break between classes or just a 话题是Federal Duck Stamp. quick pick-me-up in the morning?The College Cafe has 3.灾害防范 just that,and more.(课间需要休息或早上快速提神？ Passage 大学咖啡馆提供这些，还有更多。)”可知，开篇引出咖 [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年 啡馆的功能，空格处需揭示“更多”的内涵。E选项 9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰電袭击了卡尔加里 "Not only does this cafe serve up drinks,it also serves 的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯 up smiles3,(这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑。)” 塔省冰雹抑制项目上花货约200万美元。飞机在威胁人们 通过“Not only.,also..”结构，既承接“drinks'”,又引 安全的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰品在变成危 出下文核心一墨菲的微笑服务，特合语境。 37.D 险的冰電之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的 根据上文“She goes back and forth between ma- 农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被 chines to make the drinks,(她在机器之间来回制作饮 人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。 品。)”及下文“As the customer grabs the drink from her 28.B细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result,since hand,she smiles and says,Hello,how is your day?' 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about Even when the line is getting longer,she doesn't let it $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression get in the way of her genuine conversations,(当顾客从 她手中接过饮品时，她微笑着说：‘你好，今天过得怎么 Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a 样？’即使队伍越来越长，她也不会让这影响到地真诚 chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before 的交流。)”可非知，设空处需补充制作饮品后的环节。 they can grow into dangerous hailstones..(因此，自1996 D选项“After finishing an order,she calls out the name 年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目 上花费约200万美元。飞机在威胁人们安全的风暴中 on the cup..(完成订单后，她会喊出杯子上的名字，)” 中的“finishing an order'”衔接“make the drinks'”,“calls 心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹 out the name”引出顾客接饮品的场景，形成“制作一叫 之前像雨一样落下。)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰 号一交付”的完整流程。 電的形成。 29.A细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-cen 38.C根据上文“Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. tral Alberta-downwind of the hail project flights-wor (置菲每天四点四十五起床，开车三十分钟准时上 ry that precious moisture (is being stolen from 班，)”及下文“I do so because I like to make coffee for their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔 the students..(我这样做是因为我喜欢为学生煮咖 省中东部的农民们担心，‘冰雹计划’飞行的下风处，宝 啡。)”可推知，设空处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。 贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。)” C选项“Sometimes she arrives early to serve the 可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。 students early.(有时她会提前到达，提前为学生服 30.C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about 务。)”中的“arrives early”补充了“准时上班”之外的主 the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell,a research 动性，“serve the students early”呼应“like to make cof- scientist who just retired from the University of Okla fee for the students”,展现其敞业精神， homa.'In 1999,I personally saw significant tornadoes 39.F报据上文“Joanna Wright,a senior political science (龙卷风)form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,' major,loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days Dr.Doswell says.'Does cloud seeding create killer a week.(乔安娜·赖特是政治学专业的大四学生，她热 storms or reduce moisture downwind?No one really 爱咖啡，每周至少去这家咖啡馆六天。)”及下文“‘Cat山 knows,of course,but the seeding goes on.’(查克·多 erine always has a huge smile on her face,which always 斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学 puts me in a cheerful mood,’Wright said.(赖特说‘凯 家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。‘1999年，我 瑟琳总是笑容满面，这总能让我心情愉快。)”可推知， 在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由于在风暴中心播撇而形成的 设空处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。F选项“Goig 重大龙卷风，’多斯韦尔博士说。‘人工降雨会制造致 to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for 命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知 class.(去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始，并为上课做 道，但是揭撇还在继续。’)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到 好准备。)”中的“starts her day off good'”解释了“每周去 他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带 六天”的动机，且“cheerful mood”与墨菲的微笑服务形 来的危险。 成因果关系。 3l.D推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of 40.G根据下文“She has every intention of staying and doubt,Mr.Stienwand suggests,'it would be wise to continuing doing what she loves.(她完全打算留下来， stop cloud seeding.'In practice,doubt has had the op- 继续做自己喜欢的事。)”可推知，设空处需体现她对工 posite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concern- 作的长期投入，G选项“She has served here for 17 ing their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a years and can't imagine working anywhere else,(地已经 lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence,private 在这里服务了17年，无法想象在其他地方工作。)”中的 climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. “17 years'”凸显服务年限之长，“can't imagine working (考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，‘停止人工降雨是 anywhere else”强化对咖啡馆的情感联结，与“staying'” 明智的。’在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺 形成直接呼应。 乏有关其影响的科学证据，设有人成功地赢得了对人 Passage 2 工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺 合法的安全条件下进行。)”可推知，从最后一段我们能 猬”型思维方式和“孤狸”型思雏方式的两类人对于个人和 推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。 企业建立信誉度的优劣势。主题语境3人与自然 1.自然生态 [直题题组·实战集训1] Passage1(2025浙江1月卷，C篇) 题材 “矩阵式”种植法 体裁 说明文 词数 294 建议用时 8' 难度： A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide.Referred to as matrix planting,this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden,and even some of the designing.Eschewing fertilizers()and power tools,it's based on an elegantly simple principle:to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly().In a matrix garden,plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground,forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf's gardens popularized this style,adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form,including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.Beautiful year-round,they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail,from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural.While matrix gardens appear wild,they are careful- ly planned,with cultural needs the first consideration.Led by the concept of "right plant,right place",they match plants that enjoy the same soil,sun and weather conditions,and arrange them ac- cording to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both the gardener and planet.With human inputs dramatically reduced,the garden's ecology can develop well.Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens:fertilizer,dividing,regular watering.Compared to traditional garden plots,they increase carbon absorption,reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 28.What does the underlined word "Eschewing"in the first paragraph mean? A.Running out of. B.Keeping away from. C.Putting up with. D.Taking advantage of. 29.Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A.To control weeds in large gardens. B.To bring in foreign species of plants. C.To conserve soil and water resources. D.To develop low-maintenance parkland. 30.Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf's gardens? A.Traditional. B.Odd-looking. C.Tasteful. D.Well-protected. 31.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A.The future of gardening is WILD B.Nature treats all lives as EQUALS C.Matrix gardens need more CARE D.Old garden plots work WONDERS 64 Passage2(2024新课标Ⅱ卷，A篇) 卡洛秋季徙步节的 题材 体裁 应用文 词数 290 建议用时 8 四项徙步旅行活动 难度： Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner,experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1-The Natural World With environmentalist Eanna Lamhna as the guide,this walk promi- ses to be an informative tour.Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time:Saturday,1st October,at 09:00 Start Point:Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration:6 hours Walk 2-Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard,an experienced guide,has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all.This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time:Sunday,2nd October,at 09:00 Start Point:Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration:5 hours Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone.Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs.A torch( along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark.Those who are dressed inappro- priately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time:Saturday,1st October,at 18:30 Start Point:The Town Hall Walk Duration:3 hours Walk 4-Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path. Date and Time:Sunday,2nd October,at 11:45 Start Point:Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration:1.5 hours 21.Which walk takes the shortest time? A.The Natural World. B.Introduction to Hillwalking. C.Moonlight Under the Stars. D.Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest, 22.What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? A.Wear proper clothes. B.Join a walking club. C.Get special permits. D.Bring a survival guide. 23.What do the four walks have in common? A.They involve difficult climbing. B.They are for experienced walkers. C.They share the same start point. D.They are scheduled for the weekend. 65 [真题题组·实战集训2] Passage3(2024全国甲卷，B篇) 题材 了解猫的行为 体裁说明文 词数 302 建议用时8'难度： Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.For instance,almost all animals have dis- tinct vocals()that they rely on to either ask for help,scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it.If a pet cat is hun- gry,it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.However,when a cat is looking for affec- tion,they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses,but their sense of smell is quite impressive.They use their no- ses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax.However,another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.That's why most pet cats are able to tell immedi- ately if their owners were around any other cats,which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,but cats take this behavior up a notch.Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators()Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the be- ginning of time.So just go along with it! 24.What can be learned about cats'meowing from the first paragraph? A.It's a survival skill. B.It's taught by mother cats. C.It's hard to interpret. D.It's getting louder with age. 25.How does a pet cat assess different situations? A.By listening for sounds. B.By touching familiar objects. C.By checking on smells. D.By communicating with other cats. 26.Which best explains the phrase "take...up a notch"in Paragraph 3? A.Perform appropriately. B.Move faster. C.Act strangely. D.Do better. 27.What is a suitable title for the text? A.Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B.Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C.Have Fun with Your Cat D.How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 66 Passage4(2023全国甲卷，D篇) 题材 美国灰熊生存环境和状况体裁说明文词数319建议用时8'难度：，山 Grizzly bears,which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg,occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere()them even as they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see,and their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear. "Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,"says bear biologist Chris Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more,they're increasingly being sighted by humans. The western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came,with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans.By the early 1970s,after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers,600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies.In 1975,grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. Today,there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their recovery has been so suc- cessful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies,which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.For now,grizzlies remain listed. Obviously,if precautions()aren't taken,grizzlies can become troublesome,sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food.If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites,grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble.Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away."Our hope is to have a clean,attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learn- ing bad habits,"says James Jonkel,longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 32.How do Americans look at grizzlies? A.They cause mixed feelings in people. B.They should be kept in national parks. C.They are of high scientific value. D.They are a symbol of American culture. 33.What has helped the increase of the grizzly population? A.The European settlers'behavior. B.The expansion of bears'range. C.The protection by law since 1975. D.The support of Native Americans. 34.What has stopped the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies? A.The opposition of conservation groups. B.The successful comeback of grizzlies. C.The voice of the biologists. D.The local farmers'advocates. 35.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.Food should be provided for grizzlies. B.People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C.A special path should be built for grizzlies. D.Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 67 [育题题组·实战集训3] Passage5(2023新课标Ⅱ卷，D篇) 题材城市中的自然场所有益健康体裁说明文词数454 建议用时8难度： As cities balloon with growth,access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming har- der to find.If you're lucky,there might be a pocket park near where you live,but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans,but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. The research team focused on a large urban park.They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.The researchers then examined these submissions,coding()experiences into different categories.For example,one participant's experience of "We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while'”was assigned the categories“sitting at beach”and“'listening to waves..” Across the 320 submissions,a pattern of categories the researchers call a "nature language"be- gan to emerge.After the coding of all submissions,half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors.These include encountering wildlife,walking along the edge of water,and fol- lowing an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language,which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.For example,the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.Back downtown during a workday,they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. "We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.And for that to happen,we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,"said Peter Kahn,a senior author of the study. 32.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A.Pocket parks are now popular. B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities. C.Many cities are overpopulated. D.People enjoy living close to nature. 33.Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories? A.To compare different types of park-goers. B.To explain why the park attracts tourists. C.To analyze the main features of the park. D.To find patterns in the visitors'summaries. 34.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5? A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature. C.The same nature experience takes different forms. D.The nature language enhances work performance. 35.What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn? A.Language study. B.Environmental conservation. C.Public education. D.Intercultural communication. 68 Passage6(2022全国甲卷，B篇)》 题材鹦鹉识别物体形状实验 体裁说明文 词数 250 建议用时8' 难度：l Goffin's cockatoos,a kind of small parrot native to Australasia,have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two- year-old.Though not known to use tools in the wild,the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment,cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it.The clear front of the box had a "keyhole"in a geomet- 整 ric shape,and the birds were given five differently shaped "keys"to choose from.Inserting the correct “key”would let out the nut, In humans,babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age,but it will 数 be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical()shapes.This abili- ty to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an "allocentric frame of reference".In the experiment,Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job,in most cases,by visual recognition alone.Where trial-and-error was used,the cocka- toos did better than monkeys in similar tests.This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess 棉 an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space,similar to two-year-old babies. The next step,according to the researchers,is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely en- tirely on visual clues(),or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. 24.How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment? A.By following instructions. B.By using a tool. 数 C.By turning the box around. D.By removing the lid. 翻 25.Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text? A.Using a key to unlock a door. B.Telling parrots from other birds. C.Putting a ball into a round hole. D.Grouping toys of different shapes. 26.What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos? A.How far they are able to see. B.How they track moving objects. C.Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D.Whether they use a sense of touch in the test. 27.Which can be a suitable title for the text? A.Cockatoos:Quick Error Checkers B.Cockatoos:Independent Learners C.Cockatoos:Clever Signal-Readers D.Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters 69 [育题题组·实战集训4] Passage7(2021全国甲卷，A篇) 题材 摄影作品及拍摄背景 体裁应用文 词数 241 建议用时 6'难度： Take a view,the Landscape()Photographer of the Year Award,was the idea of Charlie Waite,one of today's most respected landscape photographers.Each year,the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond. It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air.I climbed to the top Mike Shepherd of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep,and though it (2011) was only a short climb,I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear Skiddaw in Winter view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.I used classical techniques,translated from Cumbria,England my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop,to achieve the black-and-white image (图像). Timothy Smith I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.Walking up a path (2014) through the forest towards Shutlingsloe,a local high point,I came across a small clearing and Macclesfield immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.The small pine added Forest to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into Cheshire,England the forest. 1.Who would most probably enter for Take a view? A.Writers. B.Photographers. C.Painters. D.Tourists. 2.What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common? A.They are winter images. B.They are in black and white. C.They show mountainous scenes. D.They focus on snow-covered forests. 3.Where can the text be found? A.In a history book. B.In a novel. C.In an art magazine. D.In a biography. 70 Passage8(2021全国甲卷，B篇) 题材濒危黑犀的保护和繁育体裁说明文词数258建议用时7'难度：l Port Lympne Reserve,which runs a breeding()programme,has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf(犀牛幼崽).When the tiny creature arrived on January3l,she became the4Oth black rhino to be born at the reserve.And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arri- val,especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity(). Paul Beer,head of rhino section at Port Lympne,said:"Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family.She's healthy,strong and already eager to play and explore.Her mother,Solio,is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job.It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open,but as soon as the weather warms up,I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day. The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve,but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg.His mother,grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there. According to the World Wildlife Fund,the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500,giving the rhinos a "critically endangered"status. 4.Which of the following best describes the breeding programme? A.Costly. B.Controversial. C.Ambitious. D.Successful. 5.What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino? A.She loves staying with her mother. B.She dislikes outdoor activities. C.She is in good condition. D.She is sensitive to heat. 6.What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have? A.They had their first born in January. B.They enjoyed exploring new places. C.They lived with their grandmothers. D.They were brought to the reserve young. 7.What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve? A.The rhino section will be open to the public. B.It aims to control the number of the animals. C.It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund. D.Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas. 71 2.环境保护 [真题题组·实战集训1] Passage1(2025全国一卷，A篇》 题材 交通运输领域的碳排放问题 体裁应用文 词数328建议用时8′难度： The greening of planes,trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global COemissions ()As the world races to decarbonize everything,it faces particular problems with transportation -which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. SHIP鬥NG OTHER ROAD VEHICLES 10.6% 2.2% ROAD(PASSENGER) ROAD(GOODS) 45.19% 29.49% AIRPLANES RAIL. 11.6% 1% The fuels for transport need to be not just green,cheap and powerful,but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs.Much is still to be settled,but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. PLANES-Synthetie hydroearbons CARS-Batteries The hardest sector to decarhonize isaviation.One long-term option Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing for sustainable fuel for planes is to systems and services.New solid-stale nake hydroearbons from reeyeled hatteries will take a car farther on air. a single charge. (FUTURE FUELS TRAINS-Electricity TRUCKS-Hydrogen SHIPS一Liquid ammonia fuel cells Liquid ammonia is easy electrified through mails Hydrogen fuel eells are to keep and transport.bu r wires;others can be a lighter choice than it is hard to ignite(点燃) made electrie in pretty batteries for trucks,but and requires an engine imple ways. making green hydroger redesign. 4得CDen专行， This energy transition(is global,and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is "a little bit mind-blowing,"says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Ener- gy Laboratory.It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately,analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task."We need to speed up the develop- ment of green energy,and it will all get used,"says Wipke. 21.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A.11.6%. B.45.1%. C.74.5%. D.86.1% 22.Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A.Planes. B.Trucks. C.Trains. D.Ships. 23.What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A.Limiting fuel consumption. B.Putting more effort into renewables. C.Improving energy efficiency. D.Making electricity more affordable. 72 Passage2(2024新课标I卷，A篇) 题材 栖息地恢复小队招募公告 体裁应用文词数199建议用时 8' 难度： HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Head- lands to Bolinas Ridge.We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting in- vasive()plant removal,winter planting,and seed collection.Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive re- sources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance.Please re- view the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form.Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We'll be working rain or shine.Wear clothes that can get dirty.Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle,sunscreen,and lunch. No experience necessary.Training and tools will be provided.Fulfills()community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday,Jan.15 10:00 am-1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday,Jan.22 10:00 am-2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday,Jan.29 9:30 am-2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 21.What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A.To discover mineral resources. B.To develop new wildlife parks. C.To protect the local ecosystem. D.To conduct biological research. 22.What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A.5. B.10. C.15. D.18. 23.What are the volunteers expected to do? A.Bring their own tools. B.Work even in bad weather. C.Wear a team uniform. D.Do at least three projects. 73