精品解析：2025届河南南阳完全学校高三第三次调研考试英语试题

南阳市完全学校高三年级第三次调研测试 英语学科试题卷 命题人：高三英语组 考试日期：2025年2月16日 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) provides a variety of activities and services to assist students to explore and experience different aspects of university life and to make the best out of it. These include supporting student activities and student bodies, services for non-local students, mental-wellness promotion as well as career planning and development. This aims to enhance students potential development as well as their holistic personal growth. Off-Campus Housing Information Centre (OCHIC) Learning enhancement services and off-campus housing information are available to help non-local students navigate adjustment issues and provide information related to rental accommodation outside of the CUHK campus. The Independent Learning Centre (ILC) The Independent Learning Centre (ILC) offers both academic and career-related support services in both English and Chinese for all CUHK postgraduate students. The 2-hour workshops provide practical training in specific journal paper writing, oral/poster presentations, writing of literature/systematic reviews and many other areas to assist our postgraduate students in spreading their research far and wide. Information Technology Services Centre (ITSC) ITSC supports the one-stop university portal My-CUHK which allows personalized access to cloud email services, library services and the Chinese University Student Information System (CUSIS) for managing personal study particulars. ITSC also provides IT facilities, on and off campus network, eLearning systems, online trainings and workshops. Centre for Learning Enhancement And Research (CLEAR) CLEAR organizes the Improving Postgraduate Learning (IPL) programme with an aim to introduce the approaches, methodologies and framework to equip the work of researchers in a formal and structured manner, to advance the University’s excellence and scholarship in teaching and learning, and to equip postgraduate students with essential skills and knowledge for their research. 1. Which will offer special service for post-graduates? A. ILC &CUHKL. B. ILC & CLEAR. C. OCHIC & ITSC. D. ILC & ITSC. 2. What do all the services have in common? A. They are meant to improve students’ academic performance. B. They are tailored to guarantee the personalized study for students. C. They are designed to meet the needs of students on and off campus. D. They are intended for ensuring students’ safety and health on-campus. 3. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A campus brochure. B. An academic report. C. A curriculum guide. D. An accommodation guide. B Walking home from school, I am enjoying my day. Each day I stop to hear music coming from the ivy (常春藤). Sparrow (麻雀) song is a loud glorious sound. The ivy is pulsing below a leafless tree, decorating around the lower trunk like a celebration. Nervous flittings, in and out, pecking at the branches. This ivy is a home for them, harboring an entire flock. But this scene is no longer ubiquitous. Numbers have declined by almost 70% in the UK since 1970. Sparrows make their homes near human places and finding a tree like this is a blessing. Happily, the ivy is still full of chatter and twitter. In Greek mythology, sparrows are sacred and often associated with the goddess Aphrodite, symbolizing true love and spiritual connection. I wonder how many people look at sparrows and feel that depth of connection. All birds live brightly in our imagination, connecting us to the natural world, opening up all kinds of creativity. As I stand there, fluffed-up sparrows in conversation among themselves, there is a spark. Noticing nature is the start of it all. Slow down to listen, to watch. Take the time, despite mountains of homework. Take the time to observe nature, to immerse oneself in its patterns, structures, happenings and rhythms. It is how mathematicians and scientists are nurtured. Alan Turing studied the patterns in nature: the arrangement of petals on the flower, spots on a leopard and stripes on a zebra. He was looking for a mathematical formula (公式) for the development of cells in living things. Nature sparks creativity. All we have to do is start with the question, Why? The way my mind whirrs and whirls in nature, or even when “daydreaming” is way more productive than the work I do in school. I consolidate myself by thinking and thinking while intensely watching the movements of sparrows. Who knows where watching sparrows will lead? 4. What do I do on the way home from school? A. Listen to pop music. B. Decorate the tree. C. Clean up the trunk. D. Observe the sparrows. 5. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Unusual. B. Delightful. C. Common. D. Horrible. 6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Greek mythology? A. To show the imagination of humans. B. To stress the significance of sparrows. C. To introduce the power of Aphrodite. D. To demonstrate the diversity of species. 7. What can we learn from paragraph 4 of the text? A. Nature facilitates cell development. B. Nature follows rigid patterns. C. Nature is a source of inspiration. D. Nature offers companionship. C Elephants, the largest land mammals on the planet, are magnificent creatures and tourists rush to African countries to see them. Due to very successful conservation efforts, the African elephant population in countries like Kenya is growing. In the country’s popular Tsavo National Park, elephant numbers went from around 6,000 to almost 15,000 in 2021. While this is great news for conservationists, it’s not seen that way by farmers who live in between two parts of the park. The human population has also expanded and this means that it affects elephants’ feeding and migration areas. This has led to conflicts between humans and elephants, sometimes resulting in elephant deaths. Now a new solution using honeybees has been found to keep the elephants away from farms. This unlikely solution is part of a long-running project from the Save the Elephants organization. The sound of African honeybees prevents elephants. Now yellow-painted beehive (蜂巢) fences protect some of the local plots. The project is supporting 40 farmers whose crops are protected by 15 hives. Each of the hives is strung on a wire a few meters off the ground. This protects them from insects and allows them to shake if they are disturbed by an elephant, which starts the bees making sounds. This scares the elephant away. A nine-year study monitored 26 farms that were protected by the beehive fences in two villages near the park. During the peak growing seasons — November to January from 2014 to 2020 — 3,027 elephants approached the fences and most were prevented. During the drought of 2017, which reduced the number of bees in the hives by 75 percent, elephants were still prevented 76 percent of the time. Save the Elephants is now promoting beehive fences in 15 countries in Africa and Asia. But besides preventing elephants, the beehive fences can provide other benefits to communities. Bees provide pollination (授粉) services which can increase crop production and honey from the hives that farmers can sell to increase their income. While this solution isn’t perfect, and is subject to the negative effects of climate change and drought, it does show that elephants and humans can share the land without conflicts. 8 What can be known from the first two paragraphs? A Some farmers in Kenya hunt elephants for a living. B. Kenya’s elephant conservation efforts hardly pay off. C. The rise in elephant populations is actually a two-edged sword. D. The expanding human population makes elephants endangered. 9. What’s the author’s main purpose in listing the figures in paragraph 4? A. To show the popularity of beehive fences. B. To demonstrate the effectiveness of beehive fences. C. To emphasize the large number of bees living in Africa. D. To display the effect of climate change on the novel solution. 10. Which statement about beehive fences will the author probably agree with? A. They fail to meet the farmers’ expectations. B. They turn out to be the original creations of local farmers. C. They bring about economic benefits by boosting tourism. D. They contribute to the coexistence of humans and elephants. 11. What can be the best title for the text? A. The Growth of African Elephant Population B. The Importance of Saving African Elephants C. Impacts of Climate Change on Elephant Habitat D. Innovative Solution to Elephant-Human Conflict D If you ask ChatGPT what it thinks about Black people, it’ll use words like “ambitious” and “intelligent”. Other forms of generative AI — which almost seem to think for themselves — will do the same. However, when you ask these AI tools what they think about people who use African American English, they tend to use words like “suspicious” “aggressive” and “ignorant.” Valentin Hofmann at the University of Oxford is part of a team that has just shared these new findings. This hidden racism (种族歧视) in AI models mirrors the prejudice present in modern society, her team says. In the past, Black people faced more open racism. It often showed up as unfair laws or acts of violence. Today, that prejudice can be more secret. People may claim not to see skin color — but still hold racist beliefs, the study authors write. Their new evidence shows that chatbots do the same. And such hidden prejudice, they say, could cause serious harm. The new study builds on a series of experiments conducted in 1933, 1951, 1969 and 2012. In those studies, one group of people had to choose five words that described different racial groups from a list of 84 words. A separate group of people rated those words on a scale that ran from -2 (least favorable) to +2 (most favorable). “Cruel,” for example, got a rating of -1.81. “Brilliant” was rated 1.86. Gradually, words that participants in these experiments chose to describe Black people became more positive. In 1933, those terms were rated roughly -1819. 2012, they ranked just above zero. For its new study, the team used a similar setup to test AI models for open — or obvious — racism. They also used it to test for hidden racism. The team found that hidden prejudices show even in AI models released in the last few years although those models are trained by peck intentionally trying to scrub racism in the chatbots’ responses. Tech companies had hoped that having people review AI-written text would reduce chatbot racism, says Siva Reddy, a computational linguist at MeGill University in Montreal, Canada. The idea was that AI racism would be caught and corrected while models were still being trained. “And find all these problems and put patches (补丁) to the AI,” Reddy says. “But more research needed to sort out how people can identify prejudices deeply rooted in society — and, as a result these models. Only then can we create truly unprejudiced AI rather than AI that just finds ways to hide its racism.” 12. What has Valentin Hofmann’s team found about ChatGPT and other AI tools? A. They are able to think for themselves. B. They show some hidden racial prejudice. C They have a preference for complex words. D. They judge a person by the color of their skin. 13. What do the experiments mentioned in paragraph 3 show? A. Black people took negative words lightly. B. Black people’s social class has been on the rise. C. People’s attitude to Black people changed with time. D. People became more and more friendly to each other. 14. What does the underlined word “scrub” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. Clean up. B. Pay attention to. C. Figure out. D. Lose sight of. 15. What do Reddy’s words in the last paragraph mainly focus on? A. How to create truly unprejudiced AI. B. How to solve problems related to AI. C. The meaning of identifying hidden racism. D. The importance of developing unprejudiced AI. 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Want your flower garden to look like those at the Botanical Garden? Here are some tips. How do you arrange a flower garden? Like most things, your best bet is to keep it simple. Use large blocks of color in your home flower garden. Keep in mind that annuals require care and even the hardiest need to be watered and fertilized. ____16____ How often do you need to water a flower garden? Water your flower garden immediately after planting annuals, and keep an eye on them for the next week or so. ____17____ If it rains, you may still need to water them because sometimes it doesn’t soak (浸透) the ground. If you’re unsure, stick your finger in the soil at the base of the plant, and feel if it is wet or dry. ____18____ Visit your local garden store that sells well-grown annuals that are in either flats or 4-inch pots. Most of the time the vigorous (茁壮的) plants that do well are in 4-inch pots. Growing from seed can be fun in the back of the garden, but when you are really counting on color, buy plants. How do you prepare the soil before planting flowers? ____19____ You may have to apply some efforts to get the dirt in good enough shape to plant annuals. The most important tip is to dig up your soil with a shovel (铲) to make sure it’s loose and soft. Try for 6 to 8 inches deep. ____20____ If you have to chip away at the soil to plant your flowers, you are in for an uphill battle in which you will not win. A. What flowers are best for a flower garden? B. So your flower bed should be near water outlets. C. If you can’t dig with your hands, the soil is not ready. D. Once the annuals are established, water two times a week. E Should you plant seeds or use potted plants for a flower garden? F. Soil preparation starts with knowing the soil type that’s native to your area. G. If you add organic matter occasionally, your garden should be in good condition. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I’m pretty good at sticking with things even when they get hard. Bad relationships, unpleasant workplaces, ___21___ sports — I’ve hung on for months and even years longer than I should have, convinced the situation would ___22___ if I refused to give up. After all, isn’t every success story littered with ___23___? Didn’t Beyoncé lose Star Search, and didn’t Oprah get fired from her first TV job? Quitting is a sign that you lack patience and strong will, or so I was raised to believe. ___24___, if I look back on all the things I eventually quit, my only regret is that I didn’t do it sooner. I’ve wasted immeasurable time and energy dragging my heels, determined that I could ___25___ everyone if I just kept going. All of us are constantly making tricky choices between going further into familiar territory and ___26___ to expand our horizons. This is known as the exploration-exploitation trade-off. When we are younger, it’s advantageous to go far on the side of exploration, trying lots of new things because we have plenty of time to ___27___ later. But as we age, it’s often smarter to double down. Of course, this doesn’t mean you shouldn’t quit something just because you’ve put a lot of time into it. Economists call this the sunk cost fallacy (谬误): People are more likely to ___28___ something if they’ve invested a lot of money or effort into it, even when it’s clear that they should ___29___ their losses and jump ship. This practice is normal and ___30___, but it’s also unreasonable. If an activity or relationship is making you miserable, that’s important information you shouldn’t ignore. If you don’t get energy out of doing something, it can be a(n) ___31___ that this is not for you or that there’s something better you could be doing. Or it could be a sign that you should ___32___ your goals. Maybe your yogurt startup might not win over investors, but you could still make and sell yogurt at the farmers’ market on weekends. In fact, dogged persistence in the face of energy-sucking disappointment can ___33___ depression, and then make you suffer from diseases in the long run. But the good news is that people can learn to pay better attention to these moments when they’re happening and make ___34___. The art of quitting isn’t about just letting go whenever there’s an obstacle. It’s about being able to let go when there’s no ___35___ to success anymore. 21. A. engaging B. demanding C. inevitable D. leisure 22. A. worsen B. occur C. improve D. continue 23. A. frustrations B. determinations C. attempts D. inspirations 24. A. Therefore B. Additionally C. For example D. However 25. A. amaze B. scare C. distress D. compliment 26 A. breaking up B. looking up C. standing up D. backing up 27. A. venture B. specialize C. explore D. relax 28. A. benefit from B. approve of C. stick with D. withdraw from 29. A. evaluate B. avoid C. overlook D. cut 30. A. human B. crazy C. sensible D. tricky 31. A. indication B. desire C. occasion D. recognition 32. A. accomplish B. upgrade C. modify D. maintain 33. A. prevent B. trigger C. relieve D. contract 34. A. researches B. choices C. changes D. resolutions 35. A. shortcut B. barrier C. guarantee D. pathway 第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing instant-boiled mutton (羊肉), called mutton hotpot, is regarded as one of the ___36___ (representative) of the northern China hotpots. The public believes mutton has ___37___ (warm) effects on the body, making it an ideal food for the colder months. Moreover, sheep are generally fattened up after a summer of eating, which makes them ideal for seeing meat lovers through the winter. Traditional Beijing instant-boiled mutton is known for its simplicity. It focuses on the ___38___ (fresh) of the meat, and the soup base is usually clear and tasteless. It has no mouth-watering hotpot soup but plain water ___39___ (flavor) with some scallion (葱) and ginger (姜) slices. In some more luxurious cases, mushrooms and dried seafood ___40___ (add). A seasoned chef, Cai Shihong ___41___ (stick) to the old-fashioned way at his Uncle Yang’s Mutton Hotpot (Yangdaye) restaurant in Beijing since 1996. The quality of the mutton plays ___42___ unique and significant role in the hotpot experience, and quality control should be ___43___ place from the very start. “Sheep growing up completely in the wilderness have too much muscle and too little fat, and are therefore unsuitable for instant cooking, while those staying in small spaces all the time will have a smell ___44___ needs to be covered with seasoning.” The best meat comes from sheep raised in a combination of the two environments, so the fat and muscle are at an _____45_____ (incredible) good balance for taste, he says. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，上周六你所在的城市举办了马拉松赛事，你参加了其中的迷你马拉松比赛。 请你给美国朋友Alec写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括： 1. 参赛经过； 2. 你的收获。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答 Dear Alec, I’m writing to share with you a mini-marathon I participated in last Saturday. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 When I was in middle school, my family moved to Seattle, where my parents started their new business — a small grocery store downstairs my house. As a girl of shy and reserved nature, I had to take a fresh start to fit into the sophisticated city life. One sunny day, my school announced an exciting event, a talent show for the local food bank. Students were encouraged to showcase their unique talents in front of the public in the city hall on National Day. A buzz of excitement fed the school as everyone began preparing for the big day. Deep down, I felt a spark of curiosity and a desire to participate. However, my self-doubt held me back, “I don’t have any special skills to share.” Days turned into weeks, and the talent show drew closer. I couldn’t shake the upsetting feeling until one day, Emma, one of the most popular girls in my class, came to me while I was helping in the grocery store after class. “How about singing together in the talent show?” She grinned, “I heard you singing a tune, along the way back home. I can’t help following you here.” Gosh, I couldn’t believe my ears. Emma, with personality and popularity, acknowledged my little talent. Since Emma had the world’s prettiest voice, I felt like being favoured by fortune. “You two? The talent show for the food bank?” My mum bent towards us and her face lit up. “A big occasion.” Then a light bulb seemed to go in her head. “Why not practise right now upstairs? I bet you’ll be a perfect match.” Winking at us, she seemed to know we were thinking alike. Emma and I embarked on rehearsing almost every single day after school. We brainstormed, exchanged ideas and rehearsed the scene. As the days rolled by, I was feeling pretty good about our act. But the day before the performance, Emma called that she had an acute stomachache and was not in any shape to perform. 注意： 1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: I was completely knocked out by the news. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Finally came the big moment. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 南阳市完全学校高三年级第三次调研测试 英语学科试题卷 命题人：高三英语组 考试日期：2025年2月16日 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) provides a variety of activities and services to assist students to explore and experience different aspects of university life and to make the best out of it. These include supporting student activities and student bodies, services for non-local students, mental-wellness promotion as well as career planning and development. This aims to enhance students potential development as well as their holistic personal growth. Off-Campus Housing Information Centre (OCHIC) Learning enhancement services and off-campus housing information are available to help non-local students navigate adjustment issues and provide information related to rental accommodation outside of the CUHK campus. The Independent Learning Centre (ILC) The Independent Learning Centre (ILC) offers both academic and career-related support services in both English and Chinese for all CUHK postgraduate students. The 2-hour workshops provide practical training in specific journal paper writing, oral/poster presentations, writing of literature/systematic reviews and many other areas to assist our postgraduate students in spreading their research far and wide. Information Technology Services Centre (ITSC) ITSC supports the one-stop university portal My-CUHK which allows personalized access to cloud email services, library services and the Chinese University Student Information System (CUSIS) for managing personal study particulars. ITSC also provides IT facilities, on and off campus network, eLearning systems, online trainings and workshops. Centre for Learning Enhancement And Research (CLEAR) CLEAR organizes the Improving Postgraduate Learning (IPL) programme with an aim to introduce the approaches, methodologies and framework to equip the work of researchers in a formal and structured manner, to advance the University’s excellence and scholarship in teaching and learning, and to equip postgraduate students with essential skills and knowledge for their research. 1. Which will offer special service for post-graduates? A. ILC &CUHKL. B. ILC & CLEAR. C. OCHIC & ITSC. D. ILC & ITSC. 2. What do all the services have in common? A. They are meant to improve students’ academic performance. B. They are tailored to guarantee the personalized study for students. C. They are designed to meet the needs of students on and off campus. D. They are intended for ensuring students’ safety and health on-campus. 3. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A campus brochure. B. An academic report. C. A curriculum guide. D. An accommodation guide. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了香港中文大学为促进学生全面发展和个人成长所提供的多种服务和支持。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Independent Learning Centre (ILC)部分“The Independent Learning Centre (ILC) offers both academic and career-related support services in both English and Chinese for all CUHK postgraduate students. (独立学习中心（ILC）为所有香港中文大学研究生提供中、英文的学术及就业支援服务)”以及Centre for Learning Enhancement And Research (CLEAR)部分“CLEAR organizes the Improving Postgraduate Learning (IPL) programme with an aim to introduce the approaches, methodologies and framework to equip the work of researchers in a formal and structured manner, to advance the University’s excellence and scholarship in teaching and learning, and to equip postgraduate students with essential skills and knowledge for their research. (CLEAR 组织了提升研究生学习项目，旨在介绍方法、方法论和框架，以正式且结构化的方式装备研究人员的工作，推进大学在教学和学习方面的卓越性和学术水平，并为研究生提供研究所需的基本技能和知识)”可知，两者都明确提到了为所有的研究生提供支持和服务。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) provides a variety of activities and services to assist students to explore and experience different aspects of university life and to make the best out of it. These include supporting student activities and student bodies, services for non-local students, mental-wellness promotion as well as career planning and development.(香港中文大学提供多种活动和服务，帮助学生探索和体验大学生活的不同方面，并使其得到最大程度的发展。这些活动和服务包括支持学生活动和学生组织、为非本地学生提供的服务、心理健康推广以及职业规划和发展)”可知，这些活动和服务包括支持学生活动和学生组织、为非本地学生提供的服务、心理健康推广以及职业规划和发展，所以它们旨在满足学生在校内和校外的需求。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) provides a variety of activities and services to assist students to explore and experience different aspects of university life and to make the best out of it. These include supporting student activities and student bodies, services for non-local students, mental-wellness promotion as well as career planning and development.(香港中文大学提供多种活动和服务，帮助学生探索和体验大学生活的不同方面，并使其得到最大程度的发展。这些活动和服务包括支持学生活动和学生组织、为非本地学生提供的服务、心理健康推广以及职业规划和发展)”可知，主要介绍了香港中文大学提供多种活动和服务，所以推测文章出自校园手册。故选A。 B Walking home from school, I am enjoying my day. Each day I stop to hear music coming from the ivy (常春藤). Sparrow (麻雀) song is a loud glorious sound. The ivy is pulsing below a leafless tree, decorating around the lower trunk like a celebration. Nervous flittings, in and out, pecking at the branches. This ivy is a home for them, harboring an entire flock. But this scene is no longer ubiquitous. Numbers have declined by almost 70% in the UK since 1970. Sparrows make their homes near human places and finding a tree like this is a blessing. Happily, the ivy is still full of chatter and twitter. In Greek mythology, sparrows are sacred and often associated with the goddess Aphrodite, symbolizing true love and spiritual connection. I wonder how many people look at sparrows and feel that depth of connection. All birds live brightly in our imagination, connecting us to the natural world, opening up all kinds of creativity. As I stand there, fluffed-up sparrows in conversation among themselves, there is a spark. Noticing nature is the start of it all. Slow down to listen, to watch. Take the time, despite mountains of homework. Take the time to observe nature, to immerse oneself in its patterns, structures, happenings and rhythms. It is how mathematicians and scientists are nurtured. Alan Turing studied the patterns in nature: the arrangement of petals on the flower, spots on a leopard and stripes on a zebra. He was looking for a mathematical formula (公式) for the development of cells in living things. Nature sparks creativity. All we have to do is start with the question, Why? The way my mind whirrs and whirls in nature, or even when “daydreaming” is way more productive than the work I do in school. I consolidate myself by thinking and thinking while intensely watching the movements of sparrows. Who knows where watching sparrows will lead? 4. What do I do on the way home from school? A. Listen to pop music. B. Decorate the tree. C. Clean up the trunk. D. Observe the sparrows. 5. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Unusual. B. Delightful. C. Common. D. Horrible. 6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Greek mythology? A. To show the imagination of humans. B. To stress the significance of sparrows. C. To introduce the power of Aphrodite. D. To demonstrate the diversity of species. 7. What can we learn from paragraph 4 of the text? A. Nature facilitates cell development. B. Nature follows rigid patterns. C. Nature is a source of inspiration. D. Nature offers companionship. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者放学回家路上观察麻雀的经历。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Each day I stop to hear music coming from the ivy (常春藤). Sparrow (麻雀) song, a loud glorious sound. The ivy is pulsing below a leafless tree, decorating around the lower trunk like a celebration. Nervous flittings, in and out, pecking at the branches.( 每天我停下来听常春藤传来的音乐。麻雀的歌声，响亮而光荣。常青藤在一棵光秃秃的树下跳动，装饰着树干的下部，像是在庆祝。紧张地飞进飞出，啄着树枝。)”可知，作者在放学回家的路上会观察麻雀。故选D项。 【5题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段中“This ivy is a home for them, harboring an entire flock.(这棵常青藤是它们的家，栖息着一整群企鹅。)”以及“Numbers have declined by almost 70% in the UK since 1970. Sparrows make their homes near human places and finding a tree like this is a blessing.(自1970年以来，英国的这一数字下降了近70%。麻雀在人类居住的地方附近安家，找到这样的树是一种幸福。)”由此可知，此处为这种场景已不再随处可见。故可猜测划线单词ubiquitous为“随处可见的”的意思，和C选项Common“常见的”意思一致。故选C项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“In Greek mythology, sparrows are sacred and often associated with the goddess Aphrodite, symbolizing true love and spiritual connection. I wonder how many people look at sparrows and feel that depth of connection. All birds live brightly in our imagination, connecting us to the natural world, opening up all kinds of creativity.(在希腊神话中，麻雀是神圣的，经常与女神阿芙罗狄蒂联系在一起，象征着真爱和精神联系。我想知道有多少人看着麻雀，能感受到那种深度的联系。所有的鸟儿都明亮地生活在我们的想象中，将我们与自然世界联系起来，开启了各种各样的创造力。)”可推知，作者提到希腊神话的目的是强调麻雀的重要性。故选B项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Take the time to observe nature, to immerse oneself in its patterns, structures, happenings and rhythms. It is how mathematicians and scientists are nurtured. Alan Turing studied the patterns in nature: the arrangement of petals on the flower, spots on a leopard and stripes on a zebra. He was looking for a mathematical formula (公式) for the development of cells in living things. Nature sparks creativity.(花点时间观察大自然，让自己沉浸在它的模式、结构、事件和节奏中。数学家和科学家就是这样被培养出来的。艾伦·图灵研究了自然界的模式：花朵上花瓣的排列，豹子身上的斑点，斑马身上的条纹。他在寻找生物体内细胞发育的数学公式。大自然激发创造力。)”可推知，我们能从第四段中了解到自然是灵感的源泉。故选C项。 C Elephants, the largest land mammals on the planet, are magnificent creatures and tourists rush to African countries to see them. Due to very successful conservation efforts, the African elephant population in countries like Kenya is growing. In the country’s popular Tsavo National Park, elephant numbers went from around 6,000 to almost 15,000 in 2021. While this is great news for conservationists, it’s not seen that way by farmers who live in between two parts of the park. The human population has also expanded and this means that it affects elephants’ feeding and migration areas. This has led to conflicts between humans and elephants, sometimes resulting in elephant deaths. Now a new solution using honeybees has been found to keep the elephants away from farms. This unlikely solution is part of a long-running project from the Save the Elephants organization. The sound of African honeybees prevents elephants. Now yellow-painted beehive (蜂巢) fences protect some of the local plots. The project is supporting 40 farmers whose crops are protected by 15 hives. Each of the hives is strung on a wire a few meters off the ground. This protects them from insects and allows them to shake if they are disturbed by an elephant, which starts the bees making sounds. This scares the elephant away. A nine-year study monitored 26 farms that were protected by the beehive fences in two villages near the park. During the peak growing seasons — November to January from 2014 to 2020 — 3,027 elephants approached the fences and most were prevented. During the drought of 2017, which reduced the number of bees in the hives by 75 percent, elephants were still prevented 76 percent of the time. Save the Elephants is now promoting beehive fences in 15 countries in Africa and Asia. But besides preventing elephants, the beehive fences can provide other benefits to communities. Bees provide pollination (授粉) services which can increase crop production and honey from the hives that farmers can sell to increase their income. While this solution isn’t perfect, and is subject to the negative effects of climate change and drought, it does show that elephants and humans can share the land without conflicts. 8. What can be known from the first two paragraphs? A. Some farmers in Kenya hunt elephants for a living. B. Kenya’s elephant conservation efforts hardly pay off. C. The rise in elephant populations is actually a two-edged sword. D The expanding human population makes elephants endangered. 9. What’s the author’s main purpose in listing the figures in paragraph 4? A. To show the popularity of beehive fences. B. To demonstrate the effectiveness of beehive fences. C. To emphasize the large number of bees living in Africa. D. To display the effect of climate change on the novel solution. 10. Which statement about beehive fences will the author probably agree with? A. They fail to meet the farmers’ expectations. B. They turn out to be the original creations of local farmers. C. They bring about economic benefits by boosting tourism. D. They contribute to the coexistence of humans and elephants. 11. What can be the best title for the text? A. The Growth of African Elephant Population B. The Importance of Saving African Elephants C. Impacts of Climate Change on Elephant Habitat D. Innovative Solution to Elephant-Human Conflict 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着大象数量增多，人类与大象产生了争夺土地的冲突，为此人们想到了利用蜂巢栅栏来让人类和大象的共存。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Due to very successful conservation efforts, the African elephant population in countries like Kenya is growing. In the country’s popular Tsavo National Park, elephant numbers went from around 6,000 to almost 15,000 in 2021.(由于非常成功的保护工作，非洲象的数量在肯尼亚等国家正在增长。在该国颇受欢迎的察沃国家公园，大象的数量从约6000头增加到2021年的近15000头)”以及第二段“The human population has also expanded and this means that it affects elephants’ feeding and migration areas. This has led to conflicts between humans and elephants, sometimes resulting in elephant deaths.(人口也在增长，这意味着它影响了大象的觅食和迁徙区域。这导致了人类和大象之间的冲突，有时甚至导致大象死亡)”可知，大象数量的增加实际上是一把双刃剑。故选C。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“A nine-year study monitored 26 farms that were protected by the beehive fences in two villages near the park. During the peak growing seasons — November to January from 2014 to 2020 — 3,027 elephants approached the fences and most were prevented. During the drought of 2017, which reduced the number of bees in the hives by 75 percent, elephants were still prevented 76 percent of the time.(一项为期9年的研究监测了公园附近两个村庄的26个农场，这些农场受到蜂巢围栏的保护。在2014年至2020年的生长旺季（11月至1月），有3027头大象接近围栏，大多数都被阻止了。在2017年的干旱期间，蜂巢中的蜜蜂数量减少了75%，但76%的大象仍然被阻止)”可知，作者在第4段列出这些数字的主要目的是证明蜂窝栅栏的有效性。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“While this solution isn’t perfect, and is subject to the negative effects of climate change and drought, it does show that elephants and humans can share the land without conflicts.(虽然这个解决方案并不完美，并且受到气候变化和干旱负面影响，但它确实表明大象和人类可以在没有冲突的情况下共享土地)”可知，蜂巢栅栏有助于人类和大象的共存。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Now a new solution using honeybees has been found to keep the elephants away from farms.(现在，人们发现了一种利用蜜蜂让大象远离农场的新方法)”以及最后一段“While this solution isn’t perfect, and is subject to the negative effects of climate change and drought, it does show that elephants and humans can share the land without conflicts.(虽然这个解决方案并不完美，并且受到气候变化和干旱的负面影响，但它确实表明大象和人类可以在没有冲突的情况下共享土地)”结合文章主要说明了随着大象数量增多，人类与大象产生了争夺土地的冲突，为此人们想到了利用蜂巢栅栏来让人类和大象的共存。可知，D选项“大象与人类冲突的创新解决方案”最符合文章标题。故选D。 D If you ask ChatGPT what it thinks about Black people, it’ll use words like “ambitious” and “intelligent”. Other forms of generative AI — which almost seem to think for themselves — will do the same. However, when you ask these AI tools what they think about people who use African American English, they tend to use words like “suspicious” “aggressive” and “ignorant.” Valentin Hofmann at the University of Oxford is part of a team that has just shared these new findings. This hidden racism (种族歧视) in AI models mirrors the prejudice present in modern society, her team says. In the past, Black people faced more open racism. It often showed up as unfair laws or acts of violence. Today, that prejudice can be more secret. People may claim not to see skin color — but still hold racist beliefs, the study authors write. Their new evidence shows that chatbots do the same. And such hidden prejudice, they say, could cause serious harm. The new study builds on a series of experiments conducted in 1933, 1951, 1969 and 2012. In those studies, one group of people had to choose five words that described different racial groups from a list of 84 words. A separate group of people rated those words on a scale that ran from -2 (least favorable) to +2 (most favorable). “Cruel,” for example, got a rating of -1.81. “Brilliant” was rated 1.86. Gradually, words that participants in these experiments chose to describe Black people became more positive. In 1933, those terms were rated roughly -1819. 2012, they ranked just above zero. For its new study, the team used a similar setup to test AI models for open — or obvious — racism. They also used it to test for hidden racism. The team found that hidden prejudices show even in AI models released in the last few years although those models are trained by peck intentionally trying to scrub racism in the chatbots’ responses. Tech companies had hoped that having people review AI-written text would reduce chatbot racism, says Siva Reddy, a computational linguist at MeGill University in Montreal, Canada. The idea was that AI racism would be caught and corrected while models were still being trained. “And find all these problems and put patches (补丁) to the AI,” Reddy says. “But more research needed to sort out how people can identify prejudices deeply rooted in society — and, as a result these models. Only then can we create truly unprejudiced AI rather than AI that just finds ways to hide its racism.” 12. What has Valentin Hofmann’s team found about ChatGPT and other AI tools? A. They are able to think for themselves. B. They show some hidden racial prejudice. C. They have a preference for complex words. D. They judge a person by the color of their skin. 13. What do the experiments mentioned in paragraph 3 show? A. Black people took negative words lightly. B. Black people’s social class has been on the rise. C. People’s attitude to Black people changed with time. D. People became more and more friendly to each other. 14. What does the underlined word “scrub” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. Clean up. B. Pay attention to. C. Figure out. D. Lose sight of. 15. What do Reddy’s words in the last paragraph mainly focus on? A. How to create truly unprejudiced AI. B. How to solve problems related to AI. C. The meaning of identifying hidden racism. D. The importance of developing unprejudiced AI. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现人工智能工具中表现出了某种隐藏的种族偏见，分析了原因以及解决方案。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Valentin Hofmann at the University of Oxford is part of a team that has just shared these new findings. This hidden racism (种族歧视) in AI models mirrors the prejudice present in modern society, her team says.(牛津大学的瓦伦丁·霍夫曼是刚刚分享了这些新发现的一个团队的成员。她的团队表示，人工智能模型中隐藏的种族主义反映了现代社会中存在的偏见)”可知，Valentin Hofmann的团队发现ChatGPT和其他人工智能工具表现出某种隐藏的种族偏见。故选B。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The new study builds on a series of experiments conducted in 1933, 1951, 1969 and 2012. In those studies, one group of people had to choose five words that described different racial groups from a list of 84 words. A separate group of people rated those words on a scale that ran from -2 (least favorable) to +2 (most favorable). “Cruel,” for example, got a rating of -1.81. “Brilliant” was rated 1.86. Gradually, words that participants in these experiments chose to describe Black people became more positive. In 1933, those terms were rated roughly -1819. 2012, they ranked just above zero.(这项新研究建立在1933年、1951年、1969年和2012年进行的一系列实验的基础上。在这些研究中，一组人必须从84个单词中选择5个描述不同种族的单词。另一组人根据从-2（最不喜欢）到+2（最喜欢）的范围对这些词进行评分。例如，“残忍”的评分为- 1.81。“辉煌”的评分为1.86。渐渐地，实验参与者选择用来描述黑人的词语变得更加积极。1933年，这些指标的评级约为-1819。2012年，它们的评级略高于零)”可知，第三段提到的实验表明了人们对黑人的态度随着时间的推移而改变。故选C。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“For its new study, the team used a similar setup to test AI models for open — or obvious — racism. They also used it to test for hidden racism.(在新的研究中，该团队使用了类似的设置来测试人工智能模型是否存在公开或明显的种族主义。他们还用它来测试隐藏的种族主义)”以及划线上文“The team found that hidden prejudices show even in AI models released in the last few years although those models are trained by peck intentionally trying to”中although表示转折，以及后文“racism in the chatbots’ responses(聊天机器人回应中的种族主义)”可知，研究小组发现，即使在过去几年发布的人工智能模型中，隐藏的偏见也会显现出来，尽管这些模型是由peck故意训练的，试图消除聊天机器人回答中的种族主义。故划线词意思是“清除”。故选A。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““And find all these problems and put patches (补丁) to the AI,” Reddy says. “But more research needed to sort out how people can identify prejudices deeply rooted in society — and, as a result these models. Only then can we create truly unprejudiced AI rather than AI that just finds ways to hide its racism.”(“找到所有这些问题，给人工智能打补丁，”雷迪说。“但需要更多的研究来弄清楚人们如何识别根深蒂固的社会偏见，以及这些模型的结果。”只有这样，我们才能创造出真正没有偏见的人工智能，而不是那些只会想方设法隐藏种族主义的人工智能。”)”可推知，Reddy在最后一段主要讲的是如何创造真正无偏见的AI。故选A。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Want your flower garden to look like those at the Botanical Garden? Here are some tips. How do you arrange a flower garden? Like most things, your best bet is to keep it simple. Use large blocks of color in your home flower garden. Keep in mind that annuals require care and even the hardiest need to be watered and fertilized. ____16____ How often do you need to water a flower garden? Water your flower garden immediately after planting annuals, and keep an eye on them for the next week or so. ____17____ If it rains, you may still need to water them because sometimes it doesn’t soak (浸透) the ground. If you’re unsure, stick your finger in the soil at the base of the plant, and feel if it is wet or dry. ____18____ Visit your local garden store that sells well-grown annuals that are in either flats or 4-inch pots. Most of the time the vigorous (茁壮的) plants that do well are in 4-inch pots. Growing from seed can be fun in the back of the garden, but when you are really counting on color, buy plants. How do you prepare the soil before planting flowers? ____19____ You may have to apply some efforts to get the dirt in good enough shape to plant annuals. The most important tip is to dig up your soil with a shovel (铲) to make sure it’s loose and soft. Try for 6 to 8 inches deep. ____20____ If you have to chip away at the soil to plant your flowers, you are in for an uphill battle in which you will not win. A. What flowers are best for a flower garden? B. So your flower bed should be near water outlets. C. If you can’t dig with your hands, the soil is not ready. D. Once the annuals are established, water two times a week. E. Should you plant seeds or use potted plants for a flower garden? F. Soil preparation starts with knowing the soil type that’s native to your area. G. If you add organic matter occasionally, your garden should be in good condition. 【答案】16. B 17. D 18. E 19. F 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了让花园看起来像植物园一样的一些建议。 【16题详解】 本段的小标题为“How do you arrange a flower garden?(你怎样布置花园？)”和上句“Keep in mind that annuals require care and even the hardiest need to be watered and fertilized.(请记住，一年生植物需要精心照料，即使是最耐寒的也需要浇水和施肥)”可知，设空处应为针对这种情况如何来安排花园来方便植物浇水，B项：So your flower bed should be near water outlets.(所以你的花坛应该靠近出水口)合乎题意。故选B。 【17题详解】 结合本段的小标题“How often do you need to water a flower garden?(你多久需要给花园浇一次水？)”以及根据上文“Water your flower garden immediately after planting annuals, and keep an eye on them for the next week or so.(在种植一年生植物后立即给花园浇水，并在接下来的一周左右保持关注。)”可知，设空处承接上句说明一旦一年生植物生长起来，需要浇水的频率，D项：Once the annuals are established, water two times a week.(一旦一年生植物生长起来，每周浇水两次)合乎题意。故选D。 【18题详解】 设空处概括本段内容，为本段小标题， 设空处与上下段的首句句式保持一致，即应是特殊疑问句。根据本段“Growing from seed can be fun in the back of the garden, but when you are really counting on color, buy plants. (在后院从种子开始生长可能很有趣，但如果你真的很看重颜色，那就买植物吧。)”可知，本段针对种植种子还是使用盆栽植物提出建议，E项：Should you plant seeds or use potted plants for a flower garden?(你应该种植种子还是使用盆栽植物作为花园？)合乎题意。故选E。 【19题详解】 本段的小标题为“How do you prepare the soil before planting flowers?(种花之前你是怎么准备土壤的？)”以及后句“You may have to apply some efforts to get the dirt in good enough shape to plant annuals. (你可能需要付出一些努力，让泥土保持良好的状况，以种植一年生植物。)”，设空处说明准备土壤保持良好的状况首先要做的事情，F项：Soil preparation starts with knowing the soil type that’s native to your area.(土壤准备首先要了解你所在地区的土壤类型)合乎题意。故选F。 【20题详解】 根据上句“Try for 6 to 8 inches deep. (尝试6到8英寸深。)”以及后句“If you have to chip away at the soil to plant your flowers, you are in for an uphill battle in which you will not win.(如果你必须挖开土壤来种花，那你是在打一场不会赢的硬仗。)”可知，设空处承接上句说明挖开土壤6到8英寸深后可能出现的土壤的状况，C项：If you can’t dig with your hands, the soil is not ready.(如果你不能用你的手挖，土壤还没有准备好)合乎题意。故选C。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I’m pretty good at sticking with things even when they get hard. Bad relationships, unpleasant workplaces, ___21___ sports — I’ve hung on for months and even years longer than I should have, convinced the situation would ___22___ if I refused to give up. After all, isn’t every success story littered with ___23___? Didn’t Beyoncé lose Star Search, and didn’t Oprah get fired from her first TV job? Quitting is a sign that you lack patience and strong will, or so I was raised to believe. ___24___, if I look back on all the things I eventually quit, my only regret is that I didn’t do it sooner. I’ve wasted immeasurable time and energy dragging my heels, determined that I could ___25___ everyone if I just kept going. All of us are constantly making tricky choices between going further into familiar territory and ___26___ to expand our horizons. This is known as the exploration-exploitation trade-off. When we are younger, it’s advantageous to go far on the side of exploration, trying lots of new things because we have plenty of time to ___27___ later. But as we age, it’s often smarter to double down. Of course, this doesn’t mean you shouldn’t quit something just because you’ve put a lot of time into it. Economists call this the sunk cost fallacy (谬误): People are more likely to ___28___ something if they’ve invested a lot of money or effort into it, even when it’s clear that they should ___29___ their losses and jump ship. This practice is normal and ___30___, but it’s also unreasonable. If an activity or relationship is making you miserable, that’s important information you shouldn’t ignore. If you don’t get energy out of doing something, it can be a(n) ___31___ that this is not for you or that there’s something better you could be doing. Or it could be a sign that you should ___32___ your goals. Maybe your yogurt startup might not win over investors, but you could still make and sell yogurt at the farmers’ market on weekends. In fact, dogged persistence in the face of energy-sucking disappointment can ___33___ depression, and then make you suffer from diseases in the long run. But the good news is that people can learn to pay better attention to these moments when they’re happening and make ___34___. The art of quitting isn’t about just letting go whenever there’s an obstacle. It’s about being able to let go when there’s no ___35___ to success anymore. 21. A. engaging B. demanding C. inevitable D. leisure 22. A. worsen B. occur C. improve D. continue 23. A. frustrations B. determinations C. attempts D. inspirations 24. A. Therefore B. Additionally C. For example D. However 25. A. amaze B. scare C. distress D. compliment 26. A. breaking up B. looking up C. standing up D. backing up 27. A. venture B. specialize C. explore D. relax 28. A. benefit from B. approve of C. stick with D. withdraw from 29. A. evaluate B. avoid C. overlook D. cut 30. A. human B. crazy C. sensible D. tricky 31. A. indication B. desire C. occasion D. recognition 32. A. accomplish B. upgrade C. modify D. maintain 33. A. prevent B. trigger C. relieve D. contract 34. A. researches B. choices C. changes D. resolutions 35. A. shortcut B. barrier C. guarantee D. pathway 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要论证如果人们在某件事上投入了大量的金钱或精力，即使很明显他们应该减少损失，及时停止，但他们还要坚持下去。作者告诉我们要学会调整目标，及时止损。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：糟糕的人际关系，令人不快的工作场所，苛刻的运动——我坚持了几个月甚至几年，比我应该坚持的时间更长，我确信如果我拒绝放弃，情况会有所改善。A. engaging有趣的；B. demanding要求高的，苛刻的；C. inevitable不可避免的；D. leisure闲暇的 。根据上文的“Bad relationships, unpleasant workplaces”可知，作者描述生活中的消极现象，所以是苛刻的运动。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：糟糕的人际关系，令人不快的工作场所，苛刻的运动——我坚持了几个月甚至几年，比我应该坚持的时间更长，我确信如果我拒绝放弃，情况会有所改善。A. worsen恶化；B. occur发生；C. improve改善；D. continue继续。根据下文的“if I refused to give up”可知，作者认为如果不放弃，情况就会改善。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，不是每个成功的故事都充满了挫折吗？A. frustrations沮丧；挫败；B. determinations决心；C. attempts尝试；D. inspirations给与灵感的人或物。根据下文“ Didn’t Beyoncé lose Star Search, and didn’t Oprah get fired from her first TV job?”可知，成功都充满挫折。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查副词词义和短语辨析。句意：然而，如果我回顾我最终放弃的所有事情，我唯一的遗憾是我没有早点放弃。A. Therefore然而；B. Additionally另外；C. For example例如；D. However然而。结合句意可知，本句与上文是转折关系。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我拖着脚步浪费了不可估量的时间和精力，坚定地认为如果我继续前进，我会让所有人感到惊讶。A. amaze使惊讶；B. scare吓唬；C. distress使苦恼；D. compliment赞美。根据下文“if I just kept going”可知，作者最初认为如果一直坚持，就会取得成功，会让每一个人吃惊。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们所有人都在不断做出艰难的选择，要么深入熟悉的领域，要么后退以扩大视野。A. breaking up关系破裂；B. looking up查阅；C. standing up起立；D. backing up后退。根据上文的“going further ”可知，我们在前进和后退中做艰难的选择。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们年轻的时候，在探索方面走得更远，尝试很多新事物是有利的，因为我们以后有足够的时间去专门研究。A. venture冒险；B. specialize专门研究；C. explore探索；D. relax放松。根据上文的“When we are younger, it’s advantageous to go far on the side of exploration, trying lots of new things ”可知，年轻时我们要多探索，因为之后我们有时间去专门研究。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如果人们在某件事上投入了大量的金钱或精力，即使很明显他们应该减少损失并离船、跳槽，他们也更有可能坚持下去。A. benefit from从……中受益；B. approve of批准；C. stick with坚持；D. withdraw from退出。根据上文“this doesn’t mean you shouldn’t quit something just because you’ve put a lot of time into it.”可知，人们因为自己投入的多，所以不愿放弃，更有可能会坚持下去。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们在某件事上投入了大量的金钱或精力，即使很明显他们应该减少损失并离船、跳槽，他们也更有可能坚持下去。A. evaluate评价；B. avoid避免；C. overlook忽视；D. cut削减。根据上文“Economists call this the sunk cost  fallacy”可知，人们应该减少损失，及时止损。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种做法是正常和人性化的，但也不合理。A. human人性化的；B. crazy疯狂的；C. sensible明智的；D. tricky棘手的。根据上文“People are more likely to ____8_____ something if they’ve invested a lot of money or effort into it, even when it’s clear that they should ____9_____ their losses and jump ship ”可知，人们因为投入的多，所以不愿放弃，这是人之常情。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你没有从做某事中获得能量，这可能表明这不适合你，或者你可以做一些更好的事情。A. indication表明，暗示；B. desire欲望；C. occasion场合；D. recognition识别。根据下文的“Or it could be a sign that ”可知，这是一个暗示。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者这可能是一个迹象，表明你应该修改你的目标。A. accomplish完成；B. upgrade升级；C. modify修改；D. maintain保持。根据上文“If you don’t get energy out of doing something ”可知，如果你没有从做某事中获得能量，就应该去修改你的目标。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，面对消耗能量的失望，顽强的坚持会引发抑郁，从长远来看，还会让你患上疾病。A. prevent阻止；B. trigger触发；C. relieve解除；D. contract缩小。根据下文“ depression, and then make you suffer from diseases in the long run.”可知，这种坚持会引起抑郁，并节日导致疾病。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但好消息是，人们可以学会更好地关注这些正在发生的时刻，并做出改变。A. researches研究；B. choices选择；C.changes改变；D. resolutions决心。根据上文的“Or it could be a sign that you should ____12____ your goals”可知，人们可以做出改变。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是在没有成功的通道时能够放手。A. shortcut捷径；B. barrier障碍；C. guarantee保证；D. pathway途径。根据句意以及全文内容可知，在没有通向成功的道路时，人们应该学会放手。故选D项。 第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing instant-boiled mutton (羊肉), called mutton hotpot, is regarded as one of the ___36___ (representative) of the northern China hotpots. The public believes mutton has ___37___ (warm) effects on the body, making it an ideal food for the colder months. Moreover, sheep are generally fattened up after a summer of eating, which makes them ideal for seeing meat lovers through the winter. Traditional Beijing instant-boiled mutton is known for its simplicity. It focuses on the ___38___ (fresh) of the meat, and the soup base is usually clear and tasteless. It has no mouth-watering hotpot soup but plain water ___39___ (flavor) with some scallion (葱) and ginger (姜) slices. In some more luxurious cases, mushrooms and dried seafood ___40___ (add). A seasoned chef, Cai Shihong ___41___ (stick) to the old-fashioned way at his Uncle Yang’s Mutton Hotpot (Yangdaye) restaurant in Beijing since 1996. The quality of the mutton plays ___42___ unique and significant role in the hotpot experience, and quality control should be ___43___ place from the very start. “Sheep growing up completely in the wilderness have too much muscle and too little fat, and are therefore unsuitable for instant cooking, while those staying in small spaces all the time will have a smell ___44___ needs to be covered with seasoning.” The best meat comes from sheep raised in a combination of the two environments, so the fat and muscle are at an _____45_____ (incredible) good balance for taste, he says. 【答案】36. representatives 37. warming 38. freshness 39. flavored 40. are added 41. has stuck## has been sticking 42 a 43. in 44. that## which 45. incredibly 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京涮羊肉火锅的特点，制作方法以及优质羊肉的来源。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：北京涮羊肉，被称为羊肉火锅，被认为是中国北方火锅的代表之一。one of后接名词复数。故填representatives。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：公众认为羊肉有暖身功效，是寒冷季节的理想食物。这里需要用动词warm的形容词形式warming“让人感到温暖的”修饰名词effects。故填warming。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：它的重点是肉的新鲜度，汤底通常是清澈无味的。此处为名词作宾语，fresh的名词freshness意为“新鲜”。故填freshness。 【39题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：它没有令人垂涎欲滴火锅汤，只有用葱和姜片调味的白开水。此处为非谓语动词作定语，flavor与逻辑主语water之间为被动关想，所以此处使用过去分词flavored。故填flavored。 【40题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：在一些更豪华的餐厅里，食用菌和干海鲜也会加入。mushrooms and dried seafood与add构成被动关系，陈述的是普遍事实，应该用一般现在时的被动。故填are added。 【41题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：蔡世宏是一名经验丰富的厨师，自1996年以来，他在北京的杨叔涮羊肉店一直坚持传统的烹饪方式。此处为谓语动词，由句中since 1996可知用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，主语是第三人称单数。故填has stuck/ has been sticking。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：羊肉的质量在火锅体验中起着独特而重要的作用，质量控制应从一开始就应到位。这里泛指“一种作用”，应该用不定冠词。且unique首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：羊肉的质量在火锅体验中起着独特而重要的作用，质量控制应从一开始就应到位。固定搭配in place表示“到位”。故填in。 【44题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：完全在荒野中长大的羊，肌肉太多，脂肪太少，因此不适合即时烹饪,而那些一直待在狭小空间的羊会有某种需要用调料来掩盖的味道。先行词为smell，作定语从句的主语，应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 【45题详解】 考查副词。句意：他说，最好的肉来自于在两种环境下饲养的羊，所以脂肪和肌肉在味道上达到了令人难以置信的平衡,他说。此处为副词修饰形容词good。作状语，incredible的副词为incredibly。故填incredibly。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，上周六你所在的城市举办了马拉松赛事，你参加了其中的迷你马拉松比赛。 请你给美国朋友Alec写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括： 1. 参赛经过； 2. 你的收获。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答 Dear Alec, I’m writing to share with you a mini-marathon I participated in last Saturday. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Alec, I’m writing to share with you a mini-marathon I participated in last Saturday. It was an exciting and meaningful experience I’ll ever forget. The race was 5 kilometers long, which was quite a challenge for a running beginner like me. Determined to have a good match result, I trained hard for a month before the event, running every morning to prepare for it. On the day of the event, inspired by the energetic runners and enthusiastic atmosphere, I kept on maintaining a steady pace and encouraging myself and I managed to complete the event successfully. Not only does this mini-marathon build my body and character, but it also teaches me the importance of efforts and perseverance. I’m really proud of myself for completing it. Do you have similar experiences? Looking forward to your sharing. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国朋友Alec写一封邮件，分享自己参加上周六所在城市举办的迷你马拉松比赛的经历。 【详解】1.词汇积累 令人兴奋的：exciting→thrilling 鼓励：encourage→inspire 重要性：importance→significance 为……感到自豪：be proud of→take pride in 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Determined to have a good match result, I trained hard for a month before the event, running every morning to prepare for it. 拓展句：Because I was determined to have a good match result, I trained hard for a month before the event, running every morning to prepare for it. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It was an exciting and meaningful experience I’ll ever forget. (运用了省略关系代词的限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] The race was 5 kilometers long, which was quite a challenge for a running beginner like me. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 When I was in middle school, my family moved to Seattle, where my parents started their new business — a small grocery store downstairs my house. As a girl of shy and reserved nature, I had to take a fresh start to fit into the sophisticated city life. One sunny day, my school announced an exciting event, a talent show for the local food bank. Students were encouraged to showcase their unique talents in front of the public in the city hall on National Day. A buzz of excitement fed the school as everyone began preparing for the big day. Deep down, I felt a spark of curiosity and a desire to participate. However, my self-doubt held me back, “I don’t have any special skills to share.” Days turned into weeks, and the talent show drew closer. I couldn’t shake the upsetting feeling until one day, Emma, one of the most popular girls in my class, came to me while I was helping in the grocery store after class. “How about singing together in the talent show?” She grinned, “I heard you singing a tune, along the way back home. I can’t help following you here.” Gosh, I couldn’t believe my ears. Emma, with personality and popularity, acknowledged my little talent. Since Emma had the world’s prettiest voice, I felt like being favoured by fortune. “You two? The talent show for the food bank?” My mum bent towards us and her face lit up. “A big occasion.” Then a light bulb seemed to go in her head. “Why not practise right now upstairs? I bet you’ll be a perfect match.” Winking at us, she seemed to know we were thinking alike. Emma and I embarked on rehearsing almost every single day after school. We brainstormed, exchanged ideas and rehearsed the scene. As the days rolled by, I was feeling pretty good about our act. But the day before the performance, Emma called that she had an acute stomachache and was not in any shape to perform. 注意： 1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: I was completely knocked out by the news. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Finally came the big moment. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I was completely knocked out by the news. What should I do? Having prepared for such a long time, I didn’t think of that coming up. Feeling at a loss, I was brainstorming as hard as I could to think of a solution, when a gentle touch on my back brought me back to reality. It was my mum, who looked at me with care and concern. “You have prepared for it enough. You can do it by yourself.” She said after my stumbled explanation. I looked back at her eyes, and a sense of confidence and warmness swelled up in my heart. Yes, I could do it myself. Finally came the big moment. Looking around the audience, I stepped onto the stage, with butterflies in my stomach. My voice trembled at first, but with the melodies flew around, the nervousness was gone with the wind. Emotions filled in my song, I performed as naturally as I spoke every day. I saw my mum, who was looking at me with reassurance and care. It turned out to be a good performance, which helped me conquer my fears and turned me into a new person. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇读后续写。文章讲述了作者自小性格内向，不爱交际。偶然一次机会，学校组织学生参加才艺表演，同学Emma盛情邀请作者一同参加，这使得作者备受鼓舞。然而在演出前夕，Emma却因急性胃疼不能上台，面对紧急情况，作者只能自己独立完成表演。 详解】1. 段落续写： ①根据第一段首句“我被这个消息所震惊了。”可知，作者在收到Emma不能参演的消息时一时手足无措，再根据第四段妈妈的表现可知，此时妈妈一定会及时出现，安慰作者并给作者勇气，让作者能独立完成表演。 ②根据第二段首句“重大时刻终于到来了。”可知，作者坚持独立上台表演了。可想而知作者刚登上舞台还是会紧张，但是作者天生有副好嗓子，随着表演深入，这种紧张感会消失，并且精彩的完成表演。 2. 续写线索：手足无措——妈妈安慰并打气——决定独立上台——克服紧张，表演完成——升华 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ① 表演：perform/make a performance/show one’s talents ② 做准备：prepare for/make preparations for ③ 参加：participate in/join in/take part in/be involved in ④ 笑：grin/smile/laugh/giggle/chuckle 情绪类 ① 害羞内向的：shy/reserved/introverted ② 好奇的：curious/be full of curiosity ③ 开心的：delighted/overjoyed/content ④ 担忧的：concerned/worried/butterflies in one’s stomach 【点睛】[高分句型1] Having prepared for such a long time, I didn’t think of that coming up.（运用了现在分词作时间状语） [高分句型2] Emotions filled in my song, I performed as naturally as I spoke every day.（运用了独立主格结构） [高分句型3] I saw my mum, who was looking at me with reassurance and care.（运用了who引导的定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$