专题19 阅读理解之说明文(语篇与方法)-2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习与能力提升专练(通用版)

2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习系列 专题19 阅读理解之说明文(语篇与方法) 一、语篇特点 （一）语言特点 科学性与准确性：说明文旨在传递客观信息，讲解知识或说明事理，所以用词精准，多运用专业术语、科学词汇。例如在介绍动物的文章中，会准确使用动物的学名，像 “panda”（熊猫）、“kangaroo”（袋鼠）等；描述植物时，可能会出现 “photosynthesis”（光合作用）这样的专业词汇。句子结构严谨，多采用复杂句式来准确表达事物间的关系。比如 “The plant which has green leaves can absorb sunlight for photosynthesis.”（有着绿色叶子的植物能够吸收阳光进行光合作用。），通过 “which” 引导的定语从句，精确说明是具有绿色叶子的这类植物。 简洁性与客观性：语言简洁明了，直接阐述说明对象的特征、功能、原理等，不堆砌华丽辞藻。作者通常以客观中立的态度进行描述，较少掺杂个人情感。如介绍四季更替，会陈述 “The four seasons, spring, summer, autumn and winter, follow one another regularly due to the Earth's revolution around the sun.”（由于地球绕太阳公转，春夏秋冬四个季节有规律地依次更替。），没有对四季发表个人喜好等主观感受。 （二）结构特点 总分式：这是说明文常见结构。包括 “总 — 分”“分 — 总”“总 — 分 — 总”。“总 — 分” 结构中，开篇点明说明对象及总体特征，随后分点阐述具体内容。例如介绍手机，开头指出 “Mobile phones have become an essential part of our daily lives with various functions.”（手机凭借多种功能已成为我们日常生活中必不可少的部分。），接着分别说明手机的通讯功能、娱乐功能、学习功能等。“分 — 总” 结构则先分述各方面内容，结尾总结归纳。“总 — 分 — 总” 结构更为完整，开头总起，中间分点说明，结尾再次总结强调说明对象的重要性或主要特点。 递进式：事理说明文常用此结构，由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，层层深入剖析事理。在解释 “为什么星星会闪烁” 时，先说明我们看到星星闪烁是一种视觉现象，接着阐述是因为星光穿过大气层时受到气流等因素影响，最后深入到大气层的物理特性对光线传播的作用原理，逐步深入讲解。 并列式：文章各部分内容无主次之分，分别从不同方面对说明对象进行介绍。如介绍一个城市，可能从城市的地理位置、历史文化、美食特色、旅游景点等方面并列展开描述，每个方面相对独立又共同构成对城市的全面介绍。 二、试题考法及提问方式 （一）细节理解题 【考查方法】考查学生对文章具体信息的精准获取能力，这些信息在原文能直接或间接找到依据。 【提问方式】 以特殊疑问词开头，如 “According to the passage, what is the main function of this device?”（根据文章，这个设备的主要功能是什么？）“When was the first computer invented according to the text?”（根据文章，第一台计算机是什么时候发明的？） “Which of the following statements is TRUE / FALSE according to the passage?”（根据文章，以下哪一项陈述是正确的 / 错误的？） “What can we learn from Paragraph... about...?”（关于…… 我们能从第…… 段中学到什么？） （二）推理判断题 【考查方法】要求学生依据文章已有信息，进行合理推断，得出文中未明确表述的结论。 【提问方式】 “What can we infer /conclude from the passage?”（从文章中我们可以推断 / 得出什么结论？） “The writer implies /suggests that...?”（作者暗示 / 表明……） “What's the probable result according to the passage?”（根据文章，可能的结果是什么？） （三）主旨大意题 【考查方法】测试学生对文章整体内容的把握和概括能力，需提炼出文章核心思想。 【提问方式】 “What is the main idea of the passage?”（这篇文章的主旨大意是什么？） “What's the passage mainly about?”（这篇文章主要讲了什么？） “Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?”（以下哪一个可以作为这篇文章的最佳标题？） （四）词义猜测题 【考查方法】让学生结合上下文语境，推测文章中生词、短语或特定语境下词汇的含义。 【提问方式】 “What does the underlined word “...” mean in Chinese / English?”（划线单词 “……” 在中文 / 英文中是什么意思？） “The underlined phrase “...” refers to...?”（划线短语 “……” 指的是……？） “In the context, the word “...” probably means...?”（在文中语境下，单词 “……” 可能是什么意思？） 三、解答策略 （一）细节理解题 【解答方法】 仔细读题：认真研读题目，圈出关键信息，如人物、时间、地点、事件、事物特征等，明确题目所问。 精准定位：依据圈出的关键词，在文章中快速查找相关内容，可通过扫读，目光快速扫视文章，锁定与关键词相关的段落或句子。 对比判断：将找到的原文信息与选项逐一对比，注意选项对原文的同义替换、语序调整等情况。如原文 “People usually use chopsticks to eat in China.”（在中国人们通常用筷子吃饭。），选项可能表述为 “Chopsticks are commonly used for eating by people in China.” 【注意事项】 务必仔细，防止遗漏关键细节，有些选项部分内容正确但存在细节错误，要仔细甄别。 严格以原文为依据，不可主观臆断，即便选项看似合理，若原文无依据也不能选。 （二）推理判断题 【解答方法】 全面理解原文：整体把握文章内容、逻辑关系及作者意图，梳理文章脉络。 分析选项：对每个选项进行剖析，判断能否从文章中合理推出。注意排除过度推理、与原文矛盾或无中生有的选项。 依据线索推理：基于文章中的细节，如数据、事例、人物行为等进行推理。例如文章提到 “Tom always gets up early and reads English for an hour every day.”（汤姆每天总是早起并读一小时英语。），可推断汤姆学习很勤奋。 【注意事项】 推理必须基于原文，不能脱离文章随意猜测。 关注作者用词和语气，判断作者态度倾向，是积极、消极还是中立。如作者描述某事物用 “amazing”（令人惊叹的），态度通常是积极的。 （三）主旨大意题 【解答方法】 快速浏览全文：迅速浏览文章标题、首尾段及每段首句，对文章大致内容和结构有初步认识。 归纳总结：分析各段落主要内容，找出共性与关联，概括出文章主旨。若文章介绍一种新发明，各段分别讲发明的原理、特点、应用，主旨就是对该发明的全面介绍。 筛选选项：将选项与自己总结的主旨对比，选择最契合文章核心内容的选项。注意选项不能过于宽泛或具体，宽泛选项未涵盖重点，具体选项可能只是细节。 【注意事项】 避免以偏概全，不能把段落大意当作全文主旨。 标题归纳题中，标题要简洁且准确反映主旨，有一定吸引力。 （四）词义猜测题 【解答方法】 确定语境：找到生词所在句子及上下文，分析句子间逻辑关系，判断生词含义。 运用技巧 定义或解释猜测：若文章对该词有定义，常以 “be defined as”（被定义为）、“mean”（意思是）、“that is”（也就是说）等引出。如 “The word ‘drought’ means a long period of time with little or no rain.”（“drought” 这个词意思是长时间少雨或无雨。），可猜出 “drought” 是 “干旱” 之意。 同义词、反义词猜测：通过上下文中与之相近或相反的词猜测。如 “He is very stingy. He never spends money on unnecessary things. His brother, however, is quite generous.”（他很吝啬。从不把钱花在不必要的东西上。然而，他哥哥却很慷慨。），通过 “however” 可知 “stingy” 与 “generous” 意思相反，猜出 “stingy” 是 “吝啬的”。 举例猜测：出现 “such as”（例如）、“for example”（比如）等短语举例时，借助例子理解词义。如 “Some fruits, such as apples, bananas and oranges, are rich in vitamins.”（一些水果，如苹果、香蕉和橙子，富含维生素。），可知 “fruits” 是 “水果”。 构词法猜测：若单词由熟悉的词根、前缀、后缀构成，分析其构成猜测词义。如 “unhappy”，“un - ” 表否定，“happy” 是 “高兴的”，故 “unhappy” 是 “不高兴的”。 【注意事项】 紧密结合语境，同一单词在不同语境含义可能不同。 猜测词义后，代入原文验证，看是否符合上下文逻辑和语义。 四、语段分析 Do you know about the seasons in a year? There are four seasons in most parts of the world. They are spring, summer, autumn and winter. Spring is a beautiful season. The weather gets warmer. The grass and trees turn green. Flowers come out everywhere. It is a good time for people to fly kites in the park. Summer comes after spring. It is very hot. People often go swimming in the pool. They can also eat delicious ice - cream. Many fruits are ripe in summer, like watermelons and peaches. Autumn is a harvest season. The leaves on the trees turn yellow and start to fall. Farmers are busy harvesting crops. People can enjoy different kinds of nuts, such as chestnuts. Winter is the coldest season. It often snows. Children like to make snowmen outside. People usually wear thick coats to keep warm. 1.How many seasons are there in most parts of the world? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 【试题解析】这是细节理解题。由文章第一段 “There are four seasons in most parts of the world.” 可直接得出答案为 B 选项。按解题步骤，读题圈出 “how many seasons”，定位到第一段相关句子，对比选项得出答案。 2.What can people do in spring? A. Go swimming. B. Eat ice - cream. C. Fly kites. D. Harvest crops. 【试题解析】同样是细节理解题。从第二段 “It is a good time for people to fly kites in the park.” 可知，春天人们可以放风筝，C 选项正确。读题明确问春天人们的活动，在介绍春天的段落找到对应信息，对比选项得出答案。 3.Which season comes after spring? A. Summer. B. Autumn. C. Winter. D. Spring. 【试题解析】还是细节理解题。依据第三段 “Summer comes after spring.”，答案是 A 选项。读题圈出关键词，在文中找到相应句子，对比选项得出答案。 4.What do farmers do in autumn? A. Plant trees. B. Fly kites. C. Harvest crops. D. Make snowmen. 【试题解析】细节理解题。从第四段 “Farmers are busy harvesting crops.” 可知，秋天农民忙着收割庄稼，C 选项正确。读题后在介绍秋天的段落找到关键信息，与选项对比得出答案。 5.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The weather in different seasons. B. The activities in different seasons. C. The four seasons in a year. D. The fruits in different seasons. 【试题解析】这是主旨大意题。文章分别介绍了春夏秋冬四个季节的特点，包括天气、自然景象、人们的活动等，整体围绕一年中的四个季节展开，C 选项最能概括文章主旨。A、B、D 选项都只是文章部分内容，过于片面。通过浏览全文，总结各段主要内容，对比选项得出答案。 1 My Favorite Subject: Mathematics Among all school subjects, mathematics is my favorite, and I find it both useful and exciting. Many students think math is difficult, but I enjoy solving problems step by step. There are three main reasons why I love this subject. First, math helps us understand the world. We use it to calculate time, manage money, and design buildings. Because it connects to real life, I always remember formulas better when I practice with practical examples. Second, math challenges my brain. When I finally solve a tricky equation, I feel like winning a game! Some classmates prefer art or music because they are creative, but for me, the logic of math is like a fascinating puzzle. Finally, math prepares me for the future. I dream of becoming an engineer, and learning algebra and geometry now will help me achieve that goal. Because technology needs math skills, studying it today can solve tomorrow’s problems. Of course, math isn’t always easy. When I struggle with a new concept, I ask my teacher for help. But overcoming these challenges makes learning even more rewarding. Every time I master a new skill, I feel confident and ready for bigger tasks. In short, mathematics teaches me to think clearly, face difficulties bravely, and build a brighter future. That’s why it’s my favorite subject! 1．What is the main topic of the passage? A．How to study mathematics well. B．The difficulty of school subjects. C．Why the writer loves mathematics. D．Comparing math with art and music. 2．How many reasons does the writer give for liking math? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．According to Paragraph 3, how does the writer feel when solving math problems? A．Confused. B．Tired. C．Excited. D．Creative. 4．What does the word “rewarding” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Easy. B．Boring. C．Difficult. D．Worth the effort. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文介绍了作者最喜欢的科目——数学，并详细阐述了其实用性、挑战性和对未来发展的价值。 1．主旨大意题。根据“mathematics is my favorite”和“That’s why it’s my favorite subject”可知，本文核心是解释作者喜爱数学的原因。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“First”、第三段“Second”和第四段“Finally”三个逻辑连接词，明确分三点说明原因。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“I feel like winning a game”的比喻及前文“I find it both useful and exciting.”的描述，可知作者解题时会感到兴奋。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据第五段“overcoming these challenges makes learning even more rewarding”中“overcoming challenges”的积极语境，可推知rewarding意为“值得的，有意义的”。故选D。 2 When you come to Chinese and Western restaurants, the differences are big. One difference is in the menus (菜单). In Western restaurants, the menus are usually very descriptive. They tell you what is in each dish . They also tell you how those dishes are cooked. For example, the menu might tell you that a burger has cheese and ketchup (番茄酱). You can also know if a dish is fried or steamed (蒸). Chinese menus don’t usually tell you these things. But you can see a lot of pictures in them. Most Western restaurant menus do not have as many pictures as Chinese ones. In some expensive Western restaurants, the menus might not have any pictures at all. The names of Chinese dishes are usually not very descriptive. Disanxian (地三鲜) is a pretty-sounding (好听的) name. However, it doesn’t tell you anything about this dish. But with a picture, you can tell what is in this dish. This dish has potatoes, green peppers and eggplant. Having more photos also makes the menus more attractive (吸引人的) to people. It can make you feel good about eating in the restaurant. 1．You can’t know ________ from a Western menu. A．what is in the dishes B．how the dishes are cooked C．when your dishes will be ready D．whether a burger has ketchup 2．What can you see in a Chinese menu? A．Information about the dishes. B．A lot of pictures. C．Descriptive names of the dishes. D．Detailed descriptions of the dishes. 3．The writer thinks that the pictures in Chinese menus are ________. A．useful B．useless C．beautiful D．real 4．What are in the dish Disanxian? A．tomatoes, green peppers and eggplant B．potatoes, green peppers and eggplant C．tomatoes, potatoes and green peppers D．onions, potatoes and eggplant 5．. The passage is mainly about ________. A．menus in Chinese and Western restaurants B．eating habits in China and Western countries C．table manners in China and Western countries D．names of dishes in Chinese and Western restaurants 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．A 【解析】本文主要对比了中西餐厅菜单的差异，介绍西餐厅菜单通常描述详细、图片少，中餐厅菜单图片多、菜名描述性不强，还阐述了中餐厅菜单图片的作用，以及以“地三鲜”为例说明其菜品构成。 1．细节理解题。根据“In Western restaurants, the menus are usually very descriptive. They tell you what is in each dish. They also tell you how those dishes are cooked. For example, the menu might tell you that a burger has cheese and ketchup (番茄酱).”可知，西餐厅菜单会告知菜品成分、烹饪方式、是否有番茄酱等，未提及菜品何时准备好。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Chinese menus don’t usually tell you these things. But you can see a lot of pictures in them.”可知，中餐厅菜单有很多图片。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“But with a picture, you can tell what is in this dish. Having more photos also makes the menus more attractive (吸引人的) to people. It can make you feel good about eating in the restaurant.”可知，图片能让人了解菜品，让菜单更吸引人等，即有用。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Disanxian (地三鲜) is a pretty-sounding (好听的) name. However, it doesn’t tell you anything about this dish. But with a picture, you can tell what is in this dish. This dish has potatoes, green peppers and eggplant.”可知，提到地三鲜有土豆、青椒和茄子。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。通读原文可知，文章围绕中西餐厅菜单在内容描述、图片数量等方面的差异展开，所以主要讲中西餐厅的菜单。A选项“中西餐厅的菜单”符合题意。故选A。 3 ①At the moment, in different places of the world, people are doing different things. ②In London, it’s five o’clock in the afternoon and people are leaving work and going home. They’re waiting for buses or trains. Some people are driving home. Some are getting off buses or trains. Some are having afternoon tea at home or having a drink. ③In Moscow, it’s eight o’clock in the evening, so people aren’t having afternoon tea. They are having dinner at home or in restaurants. Some are going to the theatre or watching a film. Some are watching television or playing games at home. ④In Beijing, it’s one o’clock at night, so people aren’t having dinner. Most people are sleeping. Some people are still working and some are going home from work. ⑤In Los Angeles (洛杉矶), the US, it’s nine o’clock in the morning. People aren’t sleeping. They’re working. Children are starting their lessons. ⑥In New York, the US, it’s twelve o’clock. People aren’t working. They’re having lunch. They are eating hamburgers or hot dogs and drinking coffee or cola. Some people are seeing friends, calling home or shopping. 1．What are people in London doing at 5:00 p. m.? A．Leaving work and going home. B．Eating lunch C．Having dinner with friends D．Sleeping. 2．How many cities are mentioned (提及) in the passage? A．Two. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 3．What is the right structure of the article? A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Some people in London have afternoon tea at home. B．Most people are sleeping at 1:00 a. m. in Beijing. C．Students start their lessons at 9:00 a. m. in Los Angeles. D．People use the same time in the US. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．In different places, people are doing different things. B．Countries all over the world. C．Interesting lives in different places. D．The big world. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过具体城市的例子，说明在同一时刻，由于时区不同，世界各地人们的活动状态截然不同，体现“不同地方，不同时间”的主题。 1．细节理解题。根据“In London, it’s five o’clock in the afternoon and people are leaving work and going home.”可知，伦敦下午5点时人们正在下班回家。故选A。 2．细节理解题。文中提及的城市有London、Moscow、Beijing、Los Angeles、New York，共五个。故选C。 3．篇章结构题。综合全文可知，①是总述“此刻，世界不同地方的人们在做不同的事”，②到⑥分别阐述伦敦、莫斯科、北京、洛杉矶、纽约人们的活动，是总分结构 。故选B。 4．推理判断题。文中提到洛杉矶上午9点人们在工作、上课，纽约中午12点人们在吃午饭等，说明美国不同城市时间不同，D选项“美国人使用相同时间”错误 。故选D。 5． 最佳标题题。综合全文可知，本文展示了世界各地在同一时刻因时区差异导致人们进行的不同活动，强调了时空多样性；选项A“在不同的地方，人们在做不同的事情。” 直接点明主题，适合作为文章的标题。故选A。 4 When you are reading something in English, you may often meet a new word. What’s the best way to know it? You may look it up in the English-Chinese dictionary. It will tell you something about the word, the pronunciation (发音), the part of speech (词性), the Chinese meaning and also how to use the word. But how can you know where the word is? In the dictionary, you can first see the words beginning with the letter A then B, C, D, E... That means, if there are two words “do” and “put”, “do” will be certainly before “put”. Then if there are two words both beginning with the same letter, you may look at the second letter, the third, the fourth... For example, “past” is before “picture”, “bad” is before “balloon”. Do you understand how to look up a word in a dictionary? The dictionary will be your good friend. 1．What is the passage about? A．New words in writing. B．Difficult dictionaries. C．How to use an English-Chinese dictionary. D．The best way of reading. 2．In an English-Chinese dictionary, what’s the last word? A．It begins with Z. B．It begins with A． C．It’s a short one. D．It’s a difficult one. 3．What may we not find in the English-Chinese dictionary? A．The Chinese meaning. B．The pronunciation. C．How to use the word. D．How to write a diary. 4．Here are four words: ①act  ②add  ③age  ④ago What’s the right order (顺序) in the English-Chinese dictionary? A．①②③④ B．①③②④ C．①②④③ D．③④①② 5．What’s the writer wants to tell us in the passage? A．We have to use a dictionary when we read something in English. B．An English-Chinese dictionary can tell us everything about a word. C．An English-Chinese dictionary can help us in our English study. D．All English-Chinese dictionary are the same. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．C 【解析】本文通过解释词典的查词规则和内容，说明英汉词典对英语学习的帮助，并指导读者如何有效使用它。 1．主旨大意题。根据“You may look it up in the English-Chinese dictionary. It will tell you something about the word, the pronunciation (发音), the part of speech (词性), the Chinese meaning and also how to use the word.”以及“Do you understand how to look up a word in a dictionary? ”可知，文章主要讲的是如何使用英汉词典。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“In the dictionary, you can first see the words beginning with the letter A then B, C, D, E...”可知，在词典里单词按字母顺序排列，最后面的单词应该是以字母Z开头的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“It will tell you something about the word, the pronunciation (发音), the part of speech (词性), the Chinese meaning and also how to use the word.”可知，在英汉词典里我们可以找到单词的中文意思、发音和如何使用这个单词，而找不到如何写日记的内容。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章中提到的在词典里单词的排列规则，先看首字母，首字母相同再看第二个字母，以此类推。“act”“add”“age”“ago”首字母都是“a”，“act”第二个字母是“c”，“add”第二个字母是“d”，“age”第二个字母是“g”，“ago”第二个字母是“g”，“age”第三个字母是“e”，“ago”第三个字母是“o”，所以顺序是“act”“add”“age”“ago”，即①②③④ 。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据“The dictionary will be your good friend.”以及全文内容可知，作者想告诉我们英汉词典能在我们的英语学习中帮助我们。故选C。 5 The weather is getting hot. Would you like to have some cucumber with mashed garlic (蒜泥黄瓜)? When you enjoy this tasty dish, don’t forget to say “thanks” to one person—Zhang Qian. Zhang Qian lived in the Han Dynasty (朝代). He was an early visitor on the Silk Road (丝绸之路) and brought a lot of new foods and other things to China. The Silk Road was a long road. It was from China to Central Asia (中亚), and even Europe. Where is this dish from? The cucumber came from South Asia. In early times, Chinese people called it “hugua”. “Hu” means “foreign (外国的)”. That is to say, it isn’t from China. Later, its name is “huanggua”. In some places, people also call it “qinggua”. What about garlic? Its home was in Central Asia. Zhang Qian brought it to China about 2,000 years ago. Garlic can make many dishes taste better. It kills germs in our body and is good for our health. What is the Silk Road? The Silk Road was also called “Sweet (甜的) Road”. Besides (除了) vegetables, it brought many kinds of tasty fruits to China, too. Do you like grapes? They also came from Central Asia. Do you ever see the words “hu”, “yang”, “fan” or “xi” in Chinese names of some foods? These names usually mean these foods do not come from China. For example, “huluobu (carrots)” and “yangcong (onions)”. Can you find more? 1．What does the underlined word “germs” most probably mean (意思) in the text? A．Something good. B．Something bad. C．Something sweet. D．Something delicious. 2．Why was the Silk Road also called “Sweet Road”? A．People got a lot of candies on the road. B．Many tasty fruits came to China through (通过) the road. C．People on the road were sweet and friendly. D．The silk on the road was sweet. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．Zhang Qian brought the cucumber back from Central Asia. B．Zhang Qian brought the grapes back from South Asia. C．The Silk Road was from China to Europe and Africa. D．Garlic came from Central Asia about 2,000 years ago. 4．Which of the following don’t come from China according to the last paragraph? ①tomatoes  ②bananas  ③watermelons  ④pears A．①② B．②③ C．①③ D．③④ 5．What is the best title (标题) for the text? A．Foods Through the Silk Road B．The English Name of “huanggua” C．What Is the “Silk Road” D．Dynasties in Chinese History 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了丝绸之路在食物传播中的作用，特别是张骞将黄瓜、大蒜等外来食物引入中国的历史，并解释了部分食物名称中的“胡”“洋”等字的外来含义。 1．词句猜测题。根据“It kills”和“and is good for our health”可知，大蒜能杀死体内的不好的东西，且对健康有益。结合常识，能杀死的东西通常是对健康有害的，因此germs指“有害物质”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Besides (除了) vegetables, it brought many kinds of tasty fruits to China, too.”可知，丝绸之路因带来多种美味水果而被称为“Sweet Road”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“What about garlic? Its home was in Central Asia. Zhang Qian brought it to China about 2,000 years ago.”可知，大蒜来自中亚，由张骞引入。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Do you ever see the words ‘hu’, ‘yang’, ‘fan’ or ‘xi’ in Chinese names of some foods? These names usually mean these foods do not come from China.”可知，名称含“胡”“洋”“番”“西”的食物多为外来。番茄含“番”，西瓜含“西”，因此番茄和西瓜不是来自中国的，即①③不是来自中国的。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕丝绸之路引入的食物展开，介绍了丝绸之路在食物传播中的作用。选项A“丝绸之路的食物”最适合当标题。故选A。 6 When people put sounds together in a special way, they make music. For some people, music is their good friend because there are many good things about it. Music makes people happy. When we listen to music, our body makes dopamine (多巴胺). It helps us feel great and happy. When you are sad, listening to music can make you happy. Music helps people remember things better. There are four kinds of brain waves (脑电波) (a, B, 0, and 8) in our brain. Listening to different kinds of music can make a difference to different brain waves. People think that soft (轻柔的) music is good for a waves. And they can make us remember things better. Music helps keep people healthy. Doctors say music is a kind of medicine in some hospitals. Schools also have classes for students to learn it. Music teaches people about culture (文化) and history. Different kinds of music have different histories and cultures. For example, yayue was a kind of court (宫廷) music in old China. Jazz (爵士乐) comes from America and has a different sound and feeling. 1．How can music affect (影响) our memory? A．It can make us listen carefully in class. B．It can make us remember things in a special way. C．It can make our brain have different waves D．It can affect the brain waves that help with memory. 2．What can we know from the passage? A．Music is of no use to doctors. B．The waves are good for our study. C．Dopamine can make people feel bad. D．Yayue and jazz come from the same country. 3．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Different kinds of music. B．The different brain waves in our brain. C．Good things about music. D．How music makes people happy. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了音乐对人的好处，包括使人快乐、帮助记忆、保持健康和教授文化历史。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“Music helps people remember things better. There are four kinds of brain waves (脑电波) (a, B, 0, and 8) in our brain.”可知，音乐通过影响有助于记忆的脑电波来帮助我们记忆。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“And they can make us remember things better.”可知，它们可以帮助我们更好地记住事情，故推测出电波对学习有好处。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段总述了音乐对人的好处；第二、三、四、五段分别介绍了音乐对人不同的好处。故本文结构为总——分结构。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了音乐对人的好处，包括使人快乐、帮助记忆、保持健康和教授文化历史。故而主旨为“音乐的好处”。故选C。 7 Three kinds of bears live in Alaska, America. They are the polar bear (北极熊), the black bear and the brown bear. People can also call polar bears white bears because they are white. They usually live on the ice and like to eat seals (海豹). They always work hard to find seals. Polar bears always have a good wash after eating food. Black bears live in the forests. They love to cat many kinds of plants very much. Brown bears usually live in the mountains. Once a year, the brown bears go to the rivers and lakes to find fish to cat. Brown bears also love to cat fruit like strawberries. Polar bears are very dangerous (危险的) and people don’t live near their homes. People must be far from black bears too. If you meet a black bear in the forest, you must keep quiet first and then you can back away slowly (慢慢后退). Brown bears sometimes come to people for food. You can’t let the brown bears find your food on the floor, so you must put it in your bag and keep it tidy. 1．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)? A．Fish. B．Polar bears. C．Black bears. D．Brown bears. 2．Where do brown bears usually live? A．On the ice. B．Near the river. C．In the forests. D．In the mountains. 3．What do polar bears and black bears have in common (共同之处)? A．They are very tidy. B．They are dangerous. C．They like eating fruit. D．They like living near people. 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To ask people not to see bears. B．To tell people to live in Alaska. C．To let people know about the bears in Alaska. D．To tell people how to know about Alaska well. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 【解析】本文介绍了美国阿拉斯加三种熊（北极熊、黑熊、棕熊）的栖息地、食性及与人类的相处方式。 1．词句猜测题。根据“People can also call polar bears white bears because they are white. They usually live on the ice and like to eat seals (海豹). They always work hard to find seals.”可知，北极熊喜欢吃海豹，它们总是努力寻找海豹。因此They指的是北极熊。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Brown bears usually live in the mountains.”可知，棕熊通常在山里生活。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Polar bears are very dangerous (危险的) and people don’t live near their homes. People must be far from black bears too.”可知，两者均被指明危险需保持距离。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕阿拉斯加三种熊的习性、栖息地、食物、和危险性展开，旨在让人们了解阿拉斯加的三种熊。故选C。 8 Most people really love animals. That’s why many children’s books and TV shows have animals as the main characters. Lots of people have pets at home. And both kids and grown﹣ups love visiting zoos and watching animal shows. A long,long time ago, in 1500 BC, a queen in Egypt created the first zoo. She brought animals from Africa to live there. But animal shows didn’t start until much later, in the 1800s. Sadly, in the early days, people didn’t treat animals very well. Sometimes they didn’t give them enough food, and they even hit them. Luckily, things have changed a lot. Nowadays,zoos are still fun places to visit, but they also work hard to protect animals and teach people about them. Zoos and animal shows have to follow important rules. They must give animals a clean home, plenty of food and water, and take care of their health. Some people want to do even more to protect the animals they love. For example, many people don’t want whales to be in shows at Sea World. They think the big whales don’t have enough space in the small pools. Because so many people think this way, Sea World decided to stop all whale shows. When people work to protect animals and love them at the same time, everyone can be happy ---both animals and people! 1．Which is the similar meaning of the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2? A．People weren’t friendly to animals. B．People didn’t teach animals to show. C．People weren’t good at hitting animals. D．People didn’t know much about animals. 2．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A．People do a lot to help animals now. B．Zoos started much later than animal shows. C．Both children and adults come to zoos just for fun. D．Big whales are more interesting than other animals. 3．Why do some people want to stop the whale shows at Sea World? A．Because the rules are not useful to the big whales. B．Because children like to watch other animal shows. C．Because the zoos have no enough food for the whales. D．Because the whales have no enough space to swim in. 4．What is the purpose (目的) of this passage? A．To ask more people to love animals. B．To make animals have more fun. C．To ask more people to create zoos. D．To make animals show more often. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动物园和动物表演的发展历程，早期人们对动物不善，如今情况改善，人们通过制定规则等方式保护动物，呼吁大家爱护动物。 1．细节理解题。根据“Sadly, in the early days, people didn’t treat animals very well. Sometimes they didn’t give them enough food, and they even hit them.”可知，早期人们对动物不好，不给它们足够的食物，甚至打它们。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Luckily, things have changed a lot. Nowadays, zoos are still fun places to visit, but they also work hard to protect animals and teach people about them.”可知，现在人们为保护动物做了很多事。故选A 3．细节理解题。根据“For example, many people don’t want whales to be in shows at Sea World. They think the big whales don’t have enough space in the small pools.”可知，一些人希望停止海洋世界的鲸鱼表演，是因为鲸鱼在小池子里没有足够的空间游泳。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Most people really love animals.”并通读全文可知，文章讲述了动物园和动物表演的发展，早期人们对动物不好，如今情况改善，人们努力保护动物，目的是呼吁更多人爱护动物。故选A。 9 Clothes are important to us, but do you know how to choose suitable clothes in a right way? Here are some ideas for you. When you go shopping and want to buy some clothes, first you should know which kind of clothes you need. Then look at the labels that are inside the new clothes. They tell you how to take care of the clothes. The label on a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water. A sweater label may tell you to wash it in cold water. The label on a coat may say “dry-cleaned only”. If you do as the instructions (说明) say on the label, you can keep your clothes well for a long time. Many clothes today must be dry-cleaned only. Dry cleaning is a little expensive. When you buy new clothes, you should know if they need to be dry-cleaned. You can save money if you buy clothes that can be washed in a machine (机洗) or that are high-quality (高质量的). High-quality clothes look good even after you wash them many times. Expensive clothes don’t always mean they are better made. They may not fit you, either. On the other hand, less expensive clothes may sometimes look better and fit you well. 1．The first thing for you to do before you buy clothes is to ________. A．know how to wash them B．look for high-quality clothes C．read the instructions inside them D．see which kind of clothes you need 2．What does the underlined word “labels” mean? A．Colors. B．Tags. C．Prices. D．Sizes. 3．________ clothes look good even after you wash them many times according to the passage. A．Beautiful B．Expensive C．Dry-cleaned D．High-quality 4．The main idea of the passage is ________. A．buying more expensive clothes B．washing clothes in a right way C．being a clever clothes shopper D．buying the cheap clothes 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文就如何正确地挑选衣服给出了一些建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“When you go shopping and want to buy some clothes, first you should know which kind of clothes you need.”可知，此处是看看你需要什么样的衣服。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Then look at the labels that are inside the new clothes. They can tell you how to take care of the clothes.”可知，此处是指“标签”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“High-quality clothes look good even after you wash them many times.”可知，高质量的衣服即使洗很多次也会很好看。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Expensive clothes don’t always mean they are better made. They may not fit you either. On the other hand, less expensive clothes may sometimes look better and fit you well.”可知，本文主要是让人们做聪明的购买衣服的人。故选C。 10 Why do the leaves on trees have different colors? What makes them change their colors? Leaves use sunlight, water and air to make food for the trees. This way of making food is called photosynthesis (光合作用). Photosynthesis is important to animals as well as plants. Some animals eat plants. Other animals eat these animals. Summer is playtime. For the leaves of many trees, however, it’s work, work, work! The sun is shining. The leaves are making food for the trees. The trees keep more than enough food deep inside. Leaves are green in summer because they are making food. Leaves also have orange, yellow, or brown colors inside them. During summer, those colors are covered by the green color. Many places get colder in autumn with shorter days and longer nights. Trees get less sunlight, so photosynthesis slows down. Over time, leaves stop making the green chemical (化学物质). The orange, yellow, and brown colors grow when that happens. Once it gets cold enough and ice appears at night, the trees drop their leaves. They do this to keep themselves safe. If the leaves are icy while still on the trees, the trees can be hurt. Trees that drop their leaves are bare (光秃秃) in winter. They use the food they save in summer to get through the cold days and nights. Spring comes before long. Ice and snow disappear and the rains come. The sun shines, and tiny leaves grow from branches. Once again, the leaves use sunlight, water and air to make food. The cycle begins again. 1．What is photosynthesis according to the passage? A．It is a way of growing leaves. B．It is a way of changing colors. C．It is a way to make food for plants. D．It is a way for animals to eat plants. 2．Why are leaves green in summer? A．Because some animals eat plants. B．Because summer is playtime for the leaves of many trees. C．Because there is no other color inside leaves in summer. D．Because they are busy making food for the trees. 3．What stops leaves from making the green chemical in autumn? A．Less air in autumn. B．Less sunlight in autumn. C．Less water in autumn. D．Less time in autumn. 4．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．The trees. B．The leaves. C．The colors. D．The animals. 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．The importance of the sunlight B．The trees in different seasons C．The colors of the tree leaves D．The changes of the four seasons 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 【解析】本文主要介绍了树叶之所以会变色，是因为它们通过光合作用制造食物。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“This way of making food is called photosynthesis (光合作用).”可知，光合作用是植物制作食物的方法。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Leaves are green in summer because they are making food.”可知，树叶在夏天是绿色的，因为它们正在为树制造食物。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Trees get less sunlight, so photosynthesis slows down.”可知，秋天树叶停止产生绿色化学物质是因为阳光减少。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Once it gets cold enough and ice appears at night, the trees drop their leaves. They do this to keep themselves safe. If the leaves turn to ice while still on the trees, the trees can be hurt.”可知，一旦天气变得足够冷，晚上开始结冰，树木就会落叶。它们这样做是为了保证自己的安全。如果树叶还挂在树上就结冰了，那么树木就会受到伤害。所以they指的是树木，故选A。 5．最佳标题题。根据第一段“Why do the leaves on trees have different colors? What makes them change color?”及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了树叶的颜色及为什么会变色，故“树叶的颜色”符合本文标题。故选C。 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习系列 专题19 阅读理解之说明文(语篇与方法) 一、语篇特点 （一）语言特点 科学性与准确性：说明文旨在传递客观信息，讲解知识或说明事理，所以用词精准，多运用专业术语、科学词汇。例如在介绍动物的文章中，会准确使用动物的学名，像 “panda”（熊猫）、“kangaroo”（袋鼠）等；描述植物时，可能会出现 “photosynthesis”（光合作用）这样的专业词汇。句子结构严谨，多采用复杂句式来准确表达事物间的关系。比如 “The plant which has green leaves can absorb sunlight for photosynthesis.”（有着绿色叶子的植物能够吸收阳光进行光合作用。），通过 “which” 引导的定语从句，精确说明是具有绿色叶子的这类植物。 简洁性与客观性：语言简洁明了，直接阐述说明对象的特征、功能、原理等，不堆砌华丽辞藻。作者通常以客观中立的态度进行描述，较少掺杂个人情感。如介绍四季更替，会陈述 “The four seasons, spring, summer, autumn and winter, follow one another regularly due to the Earth's revolution around the sun.”（由于地球绕太阳公转，春夏秋冬四个季节有规律地依次更替。），没有对四季发表个人喜好等主观感受。 （二）结构特点 总分式：这是说明文常见结构。包括 “总 — 分”“分 — 总”“总 — 分 — 总”。“总 — 分” 结构中，开篇点明说明对象及总体特征，随后分点阐述具体内容。例如介绍手机，开头指出 “Mobile phones have become an essential part of our daily lives with various functions.”（手机凭借多种功能已成为我们日常生活中必不可少的部分。），接着分别说明手机的通讯功能、娱乐功能、学习功能等。“分 — 总” 结构则先分述各方面内容，结尾总结归纳。“总 — 分 — 总” 结构更为完整，开头总起，中间分点说明，结尾再次总结强调说明对象的重要性或主要特点。 递进式：事理说明文常用此结构，由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，层层深入剖析事理。在解释 “为什么星星会闪烁” 时，先说明我们看到星星闪烁是一种视觉现象，接着阐述是因为星光穿过大气层时受到气流等因素影响，最后深入到大气层的物理特性对光线传播的作用原理，逐步深入讲解。 并列式：文章各部分内容无主次之分，分别从不同方面对说明对象进行介绍。如介绍一个城市，可能从城市的地理位置、历史文化、美食特色、旅游景点等方面并列展开描述，每个方面相对独立又共同构成对城市的全面介绍。 二、试题考法及提问方式 （一）细节理解题 【考查方法】考查学生对文章具体信息的精准获取能力，这些信息在原文能直接或间接找到依据。 【提问方式】 以特殊疑问词开头，如 “According to the passage, what is the main function of this device?”（根据文章，这个设备的主要功能是什么？）“When was the first computer invented according to the text?”（根据文章，第一台计算机是什么时候发明的？） “Which of the following statements is TRUE / FALSE according to the passage?”（根据文章，以下哪一项陈述是正确的 / 错误的？） “What can we learn from Paragraph... about...?”（关于…… 我们能从第…… 段中学到什么？） （二）推理判断题 【考查方法】要求学生依据文章已有信息，进行合理推断，得出文中未明确表述的结论。 【提问方式】 “What can we infer /conclude from the passage?”（从文章中我们可以推断 / 得出什么结论？） “The writer implies /suggests that...?”（作者暗示 / 表明……） “What's the probable result according to the passage?”（根据文章，可能的结果是什么？） （三）主旨大意题 【考查方法】测试学生对文章整体内容的把握和概括能力，需提炼出文章核心思想。 【提问方式】 “What is the main idea of the passage?”（这篇文章的主旨大意是什么？） “What's the passage mainly about?”（这篇文章主要讲了什么？） “Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?”（以下哪一个可以作为这篇文章的最佳标题？） （四）词义猜测题 【考查方法】让学生结合上下文语境，推测文章中生词、短语或特定语境下词汇的含义。 【提问方式】 “What does the underlined word “...” mean in Chinese / English?”（划线单词 “……” 在中文 / 英文中是什么意思？） “The underlined phrase “...” refers to...?”（划线短语 “……” 指的是……？） “In the context, the word “...” probably means...?”（在文中语境下，单词 “……” 可能是什么意思？） 三、解答策略 （一）细节理解题 【解答方法】 仔细读题：认真研读题目，圈出关键信息，如人物、时间、地点、事件、事物特征等，明确题目所问。 精准定位：依据圈出的关键词，在文章中快速查找相关内容，可通过扫读，目光快速扫视文章，锁定与关键词相关的段落或句子。 对比判断：将找到的原文信息与选项逐一对比，注意选项对原文的同义替换、语序调整等情况。如原文 “People usually use chopsticks to eat in China.”（在中国人们通常用筷子吃饭。），选项可能表述为 “Chopsticks are commonly used for eating by people in China.” 【注意事项】 务必仔细，防止遗漏关键细节，有些选项部分内容正确但存在细节错误，要仔细甄别。 严格以原文为依据，不可主观臆断，即便选项看似合理，若原文无依据也不能选。 （二）推理判断题 【解答方法】 全面理解原文：整体把握文章内容、逻辑关系及作者意图，梳理文章脉络。 分析选项：对每个选项进行剖析，判断能否从文章中合理推出。注意排除过度推理、与原文矛盾或无中生有的选项。 依据线索推理：基于文章中的细节，如数据、事例、人物行为等进行推理。例如文章提到 “Tom always gets up early and reads English for an hour every day.”（汤姆每天总是早起并读一小时英语。），可推断汤姆学习很勤奋。 【注意事项】 推理必须基于原文，不能脱离文章随意猜测。 关注作者用词和语气，判断作者态度倾向，是积极、消极还是中立。如作者描述某事物用 “amazing”（令人惊叹的），态度通常是积极的。 （三）主旨大意题 【解答方法】 快速浏览全文：迅速浏览文章标题、首尾段及每段首句，对文章大致内容和结构有初步认识。 归纳总结：分析各段落主要内容，找出共性与关联，概括出文章主旨。若文章介绍一种新发明，各段分别讲发明的原理、特点、应用，主旨就是对该发明的全面介绍。 筛选选项：将选项与自己总结的主旨对比，选择最契合文章核心内容的选项。注意选项不能过于宽泛或具体，宽泛选项未涵盖重点，具体选项可能只是细节。 【注意事项】 避免以偏概全，不能把段落大意当作全文主旨。 标题归纳题中，标题要简洁且准确反映主旨，有一定吸引力。 （四）词义猜测题 【解答方法】 确定语境：找到生词所在句子及上下文，分析句子间逻辑关系，判断生词含义。 运用技巧 定义或解释猜测：若文章对该词有定义，常以 “be defined as”（被定义为）、“mean”（意思是）、“that is”（也就是说）等引出。如 “The word ‘drought’ means a long period of time with little or no rain.”（“drought” 这个词意思是长时间少雨或无雨。），可猜出 “drought” 是 “干旱” 之意。 同义词、反义词猜测：通过上下文中与之相近或相反的词猜测。如 “He is very stingy. He never spends money on unnecessary things. His brother, however, is quite generous.”（他很吝啬。从不把钱花在不必要的东西上。然而，他哥哥却很慷慨。），通过 “however” 可知 “stingy” 与 “generous” 意思相反，猜出 “stingy” 是 “吝啬的”。 举例猜测：出现 “such as”（例如）、“for example”（比如）等短语举例时，借助例子理解词义。如 “Some fruits, such as apples, bananas and oranges, are rich in vitamins.”（一些水果，如苹果、香蕉和橙子，富含维生素。），可知 “fruits” 是 “水果”。 构词法猜测：若单词由熟悉的词根、前缀、后缀构成，分析其构成猜测词义。如 “unhappy”，“un - ” 表否定，“happy” 是 “高兴的”，故 “unhappy” 是 “不高兴的”。 【注意事项】 紧密结合语境，同一单词在不同语境含义可能不同。 猜测词义后，代入原文验证，看是否符合上下文逻辑和语义。 四、语段分析 Do you know about the seasons in a year? There are four seasons in most parts of the world. They are spring, summer, autumn and winter. Spring is a beautiful season. The weather gets warmer. The grass and trees turn green. Flowers come out everywhere. It is a good time for people to fly kites in the park. Summer comes after spring. It is very hot. People often go swimming in the pool. They can also eat delicious ice - cream. Many fruits are ripe in summer, like watermelons and peaches. Autumn is a harvest season. The leaves on the trees turn yellow and start to fall. Farmers are busy harvesting crops. People can enjoy different kinds of nuts, such as chestnuts. Winter is the coldest season. It often snows. Children like to make snowmen outside. People usually wear thick coats to keep warm. 1.How many seasons are there in most parts of the world? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 【试题解析】这是细节理解题。由文章第一段 “There are four seasons in most parts of the world.” 可直接得出答案为 B 选项。按解题步骤，读题圈出 “how many seasons”，定位到第一段相关句子，对比选项得出答案。 2.What can people do in spring? A. Go swimming. B. Eat ice - cream. C. Fly kites. D. Harvest crops. 【试题解析】同样是细节理解题。从第二段 “It is a good time for people to fly kites in the park.” 可知，春天人们可以放风筝，C 选项正确。读题明确问春天人们的活动，在介绍春天的段落找到对应信息，对比选项得出答案。 3.Which season comes after spring? A. Summer. B. Autumn. C. Winter. D. Spring. 【试题解析】还是细节理解题。依据第三段 “Summer comes after spring.”，答案是 A 选项。读题圈出关键词，在文中找到相应句子，对比选项得出答案。 4.What do farmers do in autumn? A. Plant trees. B. Fly kites. C. Harvest crops. D. Make snowmen. 【试题解析】细节理解题。从第四段 “Farmers are busy harvesting crops.” 可知，秋天农民忙着收割庄稼，C 选项正确。读题后在介绍秋天的段落找到关键信息，与选项对比得出答案。 5.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The weather in different seasons. B. The activities in different seasons. C. The four seasons in a year. D. The fruits in different seasons. 【试题解析】这是主旨大意题。文章分别介绍了春夏秋冬四个季节的特点，包括天气、自然景象、人们的活动等，整体围绕一年中的四个季节展开，C 选项最能概括文章主旨。A、B、D 选项都只是文章部分内容，过于片面。通过浏览全文，总结各段主要内容，对比选项得出答案。 1 My Favorite Subject: Mathematics Among all school subjects, mathematics is my favorite, and I find it both useful and exciting. Many students think math is difficult, but I enjoy solving problems step by step. There are three main reasons why I love this subject. First, math helps us understand the world. We use it to calculate time, manage money, and design buildings. Because it connects to real life, I always remember formulas better when I practice with practical examples. Second, math challenges my brain. When I finally solve a tricky equation, I feel like winning a game! Some classmates prefer art or music because they are creative, but for me, the logic of math is like a fascinating puzzle. Finally, math prepares me for the future. I dream of becoming an engineer, and learning algebra and geometry now will help me achieve that goal. Because technology needs math skills, studying it today can solve tomorrow’s problems. Of course, math isn’t always easy. When I struggle with a new concept, I ask my teacher for help. But overcoming these challenges makes learning even more rewarding. Every time I master a new skill, I feel confident and ready for bigger tasks. In short, mathematics teaches me to think clearly, face difficulties bravely, and build a brighter future. That’s why it’s my favorite subject! 1．What is the main topic of the passage? A．How to study mathematics well. B．The difficulty of school subjects. C．Why the writer loves mathematics. D．Comparing math with art and music. 2．How many reasons does the writer give for liking math? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．According to Paragraph 3, how does the writer feel when solving math problems? A．Confused. B．Tired. C．Excited. D．Creative. 4．What does the word “rewarding” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Easy. B．Boring. C．Difficult. D．Worth the effort. 2 When you come to Chinese and Western restaurants, the differences are big. One difference is in the menus (菜单). In Western restaurants, the menus are usually very descriptive. They tell you what is in each dish . They also tell you how those dishes are cooked. For example, the menu might tell you that a burger has cheese and ketchup (番茄酱). You can also know if a dish is fried or steamed (蒸). Chinese menus don’t usually tell you these things. But you can see a lot of pictures in them. Most Western restaurant menus do not have as many pictures as Chinese ones. In some expensive Western restaurants, the menus might not have any pictures at all. The names of Chinese dishes are usually not very descriptive. Disanxian (地三鲜) is a pretty-sounding (好听的) name. However, it doesn’t tell you anything about this dish. But with a picture, you can tell what is in this dish. This dish has potatoes, green peppers and eggplant. Having more photos also makes the menus more attractive (吸引人的) to people. It can make you feel good about eating in the restaurant. 1．You can’t know ________ from a Western menu. A．what is in the dishes B．how the dishes are cooked C．when your dishes will be ready D．whether a burger has ketchup 2．What can you see in a Chinese menu? A．Information about the dishes. B．A lot of pictures. C．Descriptive names of the dishes. D．Detailed descriptions of the dishes. 3．The writer thinks that the pictures in Chinese menus are ________. A．useful B．useless C．beautiful D．real 4．What are in the dish Disanxian? A．tomatoes, green peppers and eggplant B．potatoes, green peppers and eggplant C．tomatoes, potatoes and green peppers D．onions, potatoes and eggplant 5．. The passage is mainly about ________. A．menus in Chinese and Western restaurants B．eating habits in China and Western countries C．table manners in China and Western countries D．names of dishes in Chinese and Western restaurants 3 ①At the moment, in different places of the world, people are doing different things. ②In London, it’s five o’clock in the afternoon and people are leaving work and going home. They’re waiting for buses or trains. Some people are driving home. Some are getting off buses or trains. Some are having afternoon tea at home or having a drink. ③In Moscow, it’s eight o’clock in the evening, so people aren’t having afternoon tea. They are having dinner at home or in restaurants. Some are going to the theatre or watching a film. Some are watching television or playing games at home. ④In Beijing, it’s one o’clock at night, so people aren’t having dinner. Most people are sleeping. Some people are still working and some are going home from work. ⑤In Los Angeles (洛杉矶), the US, it’s nine o’clock in the morning. People aren’t sleeping. They’re working. Children are starting their lessons. ⑥In New York, the US, it’s twelve o’clock. People aren’t working. They’re having lunch. They are eating hamburgers or hot dogs and drinking coffee or cola. Some people are seeing friends, calling home or shopping. 1．What are people in London doing at 5:00 p. m.? A．Leaving work and going home. B．Eating lunch C．Having dinner with friends D．Sleeping. 2．How many cities are mentioned (提及) in the passage? A．Two. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 3．What is the right structure of the article? A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Some people in London have afternoon tea at home. B．Most people are sleeping at 1:00 a. m. in Beijing. C．Students start their lessons at 9:00 a. m. in Los Angeles. D．People use the same time in the US. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．In different places, people are doing different things. B．Countries all over the world. C．Interesting lives in different places. D．The big world. 4 When you are reading something in English, you may often meet a new word. What’s the best way to know it? You may look it up in the English-Chinese dictionary. It will tell you something about the word, the pronunciation (发音), the part of speech (词性), the Chinese meaning and also how to use the word. But how can you know where the word is? In the dictionary, you can first see the words beginning with the letter A then B, C, D, E... That means, if there are two words “do” and “put”, “do” will be certainly before “put”. Then if there are two words both beginning with the same letter, you may look at the second letter, the third, the fourth... For example, “past” is before “picture”, “bad” is before “balloon”. Do you understand how to look up a word in a dictionary? The dictionary will be your good friend. 1．What is the passage about? A．New words in writing. B．Difficult dictionaries. C．How to use an English-Chinese dictionary. D．The best way of reading. 2．In an English-Chinese dictionary, what’s the last word? A．It begins with Z. B．It begins with A． C．It’s a short one. D．It’s a difficult one. 3．What may we not find in the English-Chinese dictionary? A．The Chinese meaning. B．The pronunciation. C．How to use the word. D．How to write a diary. 4．Here are four words: ①act  ②add  ③age  ④ago What’s the right order (顺序) in the English-Chinese dictionary? A．①②③④ B．①③②④ C．①②④③ D．③④①② 5．What’s the writer wants to tell us in the passage? A．We have to use a dictionary when we read something in English. B．An English-Chinese dictionary can tell us everything about a word. C．An English-Chinese dictionary can help us in our English study. D．All English-Chinese dictionary are the same. 5 The weather is getting hot. Would you like to have some cucumber with mashed garlic (蒜泥黄瓜)? When you enjoy this tasty dish, don’t forget to say “thanks” to one person—Zhang Qian. Zhang Qian lived in the Han Dynasty (朝代). He was an early visitor on the Silk Road (丝绸之路) and brought a lot of new foods and other things to China. The Silk Road was a long road. It was from China to Central Asia (中亚), and even Europe. Where is this dish from? The cucumber came from South Asia. In early times, Chinese people called it “hugua”. “Hu” means “foreign (外国的)”. That is to say, it isn’t from China. Later, its name is “huanggua”. In some places, people also call it “qinggua”. What about garlic? Its home was in Central Asia. Zhang Qian brought it to China about 2,000 years ago. Garlic can make many dishes taste better. It kills germs in our body and is good for our health. What is the Silk Road? The Silk Road was also called “Sweet (甜的) Road”. Besides (除了) vegetables, it brought many kinds of tasty fruits to China, too. Do you like grapes? They also came from Central Asia. Do you ever see the words “hu”, “yang”, “fan” or “xi” in Chinese names of some foods? These names usually mean these foods do not come from China. For example, “huluobu (carrots)” and “yangcong (onions)”. Can you find more? 1．What does the underlined word “germs” most probably mean (意思) in the text? A．Something good. B．Something bad. C．Something sweet. D．Something delicious. 2．Why was the Silk Road also called “Sweet Road”? A．People got a lot of candies on the road. B．Many tasty fruits came to China through (通过) the road. C．People on the road were sweet and friendly. D．The silk on the road was sweet. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．Zhang Qian brought the cucumber back from Central Asia. B．Zhang Qian brought the grapes back from South Asia. C．The Silk Road was from China to Europe and Africa. D．Garlic came from Central Asia about 2,000 years ago. 4．Which of the following don’t come from China according to the last paragraph? ①tomatoes  ②bananas  ③watermelons  ④pears A．①② B．②③ C．①③ D．③④ 5．What is the best title (标题) for the text? A．Foods Through the Silk Road B．The English Name of “huanggua” C．What Is the “Silk Road” D．Dynasties in Chinese History 6 When people put sounds together in a special way, they make music. For some people, music is their good friend because there are many good things about it. Music makes people happy. When we listen to music, our body makes dopamine (多巴胺). It helps us feel great and happy. When you are sad, listening to music can make you happy. Music helps people remember things better. There are four kinds of brain waves (脑电波) (a, B, 0, and 8) in our brain. Listening to different kinds of music can make a difference to different brain waves. People think that soft (轻柔的) music is good for a waves. And they can make us remember things better. Music helps keep people healthy. Doctors say music is a kind of medicine in some hospitals. Schools also have classes for students to learn it. Music teaches people about culture (文化) and history. Different kinds of music have different histories and cultures. For example, yayue was a kind of court (宫廷) music in old China. Jazz (爵士乐) comes from America and has a different sound and feeling. 1．How can music affect (影响) our memory? A．It can make us listen carefully in class. B．It can make us remember things in a special way. C．It can make our brain have different waves D．It can affect the brain waves that help with memory. 2．What can we know from the passage? A．Music is of no use to doctors. B．The waves are good for our study. C．Dopamine can make people feel bad. D．Yayue and jazz come from the same country. 3．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Different kinds of music. B．The different brain waves in our brain. C．Good things about music. D．How music makes people happy. 7 Three kinds of bears live in Alaska, America. They are the polar bear (北极熊), the black bear and the brown bear. People can also call polar bears white bears because they are white. They usually live on the ice and like to eat seals (海豹). They always work hard to find seals. Polar bears always have a good wash after eating food. Black bears live in the forests. They love to cat many kinds of plants very much. Brown bears usually live in the mountains. Once a year, the brown bears go to the rivers and lakes to find fish to cat. Brown bears also love to cat fruit like strawberries. Polar bears are very dangerous (危险的) and people don’t live near their homes. People must be far from black bears too. If you meet a black bear in the forest, you must keep quiet first and then you can back away slowly (慢慢后退). Brown bears sometimes come to people for food. You can’t let the brown bears find your food on the floor, so you must put it in your bag and keep it tidy. 1．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)? A．Fish. B．Polar bears. C．Black bears. D．Brown bears. 2．Where do brown bears usually live? A．On the ice. B．Near the river. C．In the forests. D．In the mountains. 3．What do polar bears and black bears have in common (共同之处)? A．They are very tidy. B．They are dangerous. C．They like eating fruit. D．They like living near people. 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To ask people not to see bears. B．To tell people to live in Alaska. C．To let people know about the bears in Alaska. D．To tell people how to know about Alaska well. 8 Most people really love animals. That’s why many children’s books and TV shows have animals as the main characters. Lots of people have pets at home. And both kids and grown﹣ups love visiting zoos and watching animal shows. A long,long time ago, in 1500 BC, a queen in Egypt created the first zoo. She brought animals from Africa to live there. But animal shows didn’t start until much later, in the 1800s. Sadly, in the early days, people didn’t treat animals very well. Sometimes they didn’t give them enough food, and they even hit them. Luckily, things have changed a lot. Nowadays,zoos are still fun places to visit, but they also work hard to protect animals and teach people about them. Zoos and animal shows have to follow important rules. They must give animals a clean home, plenty of food and water, and take care of their health. Some people want to do even more to protect the animals they love. For example, many people don’t want whales to be in shows at Sea World. They think the big whales don’t have enough space in the small pools. Because so many people think this way, Sea World decided to stop all whale shows. When people work to protect animals and love them at the same time, everyone can be happy ---both animals and people! 1．Which is the similar meaning of the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2? A．People weren’t friendly to animals. B．People didn’t teach animals to show. C．People weren’t good at hitting animals. D．People didn’t know much about animals. 2．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A．People do a lot to help animals now. B．Zoos started much later than animal shows. C．Both children and adults come to zoos just for fun. D．Big whales are more interesting than other animals. 3．Why do some people want to stop the whale shows at Sea World? A．Because the rules are not useful to the big whales. B．Because children like to watch other animal shows. C．Because the zoos have no enough food for the whales. D．Because the whales have no enough space to swim in. 4．What is the purpose (目的) of this passage? A．To ask more people to love animals. B．To make animals have more fun. C．To ask more people to create zoos. D．To make animals show more often. 9 Clothes are important to us, but do you know how to choose suitable clothes in a right way? Here are some ideas for you. When you go shopping and want to buy some clothes, first you should know which kind of clothes you need. Then look at the labels that are inside the new clothes. They tell you how to take care of the clothes. The label on a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water. A sweater label may tell you to wash it in cold water. The label on a coat may say “dry-cleaned only”. If you do as the instructions (说明) say on the label, you can keep your clothes well for a long time. Many clothes today must be dry-cleaned only. Dry cleaning is a little expensive. When you buy new clothes, you should know if they need to be dry-cleaned. You can save money if you buy clothes that can be washed in a machine (机洗) or that are high-quality (高质量的). High-quality clothes look good even after you wash them many times. Expensive clothes don’t always mean they are better made. They may not fit you, either. On the other hand, less expensive clothes may sometimes look better and fit you well. 1．The first thing for you to do before you buy clothes is to ________. A．know how to wash them B．look for high-quality clothes C．read the instructions inside them D．see which kind of clothes you need 2．What does the underlined word “labels” mean? A．Colors. B．Tags. C．Prices. D．Sizes. 3．________ clothes look good even after you wash them many times according to the passage. A．Beautiful B．Expensive C．Dry-cleaned D．High-quality 4．The main idea of the passage is ________. A．buying more expensive clothes B．washing clothes in a right way C．being a clever clothes shopper D．buying the cheap clothes 10 Why do the leaves on trees have different colors? What makes them change their colors? Leaves use sunlight, water and air to make food for the trees. This way of making food is called photosynthesis (光合作用). Photosynthesis is important to animals as well as plants. Some animals eat plants. Other animals eat these animals. Summer is playtime. For the leaves of many trees, however, it’s work, work, work! The sun is shining. The leaves are making food for the trees. The trees keep more than enough food deep inside. Leaves are green in summer because they are making food. Leaves also have orange, yellow, or brown colors inside them. During summer, those colors are covered by the green color. Many places get colder in autumn with shorter days and longer nights. Trees get less sunlight, so photosynthesis slows down. Over time, leaves stop making the green chemical (化学物质). The orange, yellow, and brown colors grow when that happens. Once it gets cold enough and ice appears at night, the trees drop their leaves. They do this to keep themselves safe. If the leaves are icy while still on the trees, the trees can be hurt. Trees that drop their leaves are bare (光秃秃) in winter. They use the food they save in summer to get through the cold days and nights. Spring comes before long. Ice and snow disappear and the rains come. The sun shines, and tiny leaves grow from branches. Once again, the leaves use sunlight, water and air to make food. The cycle begins again. 1．What is photosynthesis according to the passage? A．It is a way of growing leaves. B．It is a way of changing colors. C．It is a way to make food for plants. D．It is a way for animals to eat plants. 2．Why are leaves green in summer? A．Because some animals eat plants. B．Because summer is playtime for the leaves of many trees. C．Because there is no other color inside leaves in summer. D．Because they are busy making food for the trees. 3．What stops leaves from making the green chemical in autumn? A．Less air in autumn. B．Less sunlight in autumn. C．Less water in autumn. D．Less time in autumn. 4．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．The trees. B．The leaves. C．The colors. D．The animals. 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．The importance of the sunlight B．The trees in different seasons C．The colors of the tree leaves D．The changes of the four seasons 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$