专题20 阅读理解之议论文(语篇与方法)-2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习与能力提升专练(通用版)

2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习系列 专题20 阅读理解之议论文(语篇与方法) 一、语篇特点 （一）结构清晰 提出论点：文章开篇通常会直接点明作者的观点或主张，让读者迅速知晓文章的核心主题。比如在一篇关于 “是否应该多进行户外活动” 的议论文中，开头可能就会写道 “Outdoor activities are of great importance for us.”（户外活动对我们非常重要。），直接表明作者对户外活动持肯定态度这一论点。 论证过程：中间部分会通过各种论据来论证论点。论据可以是具体的事例、数据、专家观点等。例如为了论证户外活动重要，作者可能会列举事例，如 “Many students who often take part in outdoor activities are more energetic and have better grades.”（许多经常参加户外活动的学生更有活力，成绩也更好。），或者引用专家观点 “According to experts, outdoor activities can improve our physical and mental health.”（据专家称，户外活动可以改善我们的身心健康。），从不同角度支撑论点。 得出结论：结尾部分会总结全文，再次强调论点，或者提出相应的建议、呼吁等。如上述文章结尾可能会说 “So, let's spend more time on outdoor activities and enjoy a healthier and happier life.”（所以，让我们花更多时间在户外活动上，享受更健康、更快乐的生活。），强化论点并呼吁读者行动。 （二）逻辑性强 因果关系：议论文中常通过因果关系来阐述观点。比如在论述 “为什么学生应该多阅读书籍” 时，会提到 “Reading books can expand our knowledge, because we can learn about different cultures, histories and ideas from books.”（阅读书籍可以拓展我们的知识，因为我们可以从书中了解不同的文化、历史和思想。），清晰地说明阅读能增长知识的原因。 对比关系：通过对比不同事物、观点来突出作者支持的一方。在讨论 “线上学习和线下学习哪种更好” 的文章中，会对比两者的优缺点，如 “Online learning offers more flexibility, but offline learning allows for more face - to - face communication and interaction.”（线上学习提供更多灵活性，但线下学习能实现更多面对面交流和互动。），让读者更直观地理解两者差异，从而支持作者对某种学习方式的观点。 递进关系：为了深入论证，会采用递进关系逐步深化观点。如在阐述 “保护环境的重要性” 时，先提到 “Protecting the environment can keep our living places clean. Moreover, it can ensure the sustainable development of the entire ecosystem.”（保护环境可以保持我们的生活场所清洁。此外，它还能确保整个生态系统的可持续发展。），从生活环境层面递进至生态系统层面，加强论证。 （三）语言严谨 用词准确：为了使论证具有说服力，用词精准恰当。在描述科学研究相关内容时，会用 “research”（研究）、“experiment”（实验）等准确词汇，而不是模糊表述。例如 “Recent research shows that regular exercise is beneficial to our heart.”（最近的研究表明，经常锻炼对我们的心脏有益。） 使用情态动词和副词表态度：常使用 “should”（应该）、“must”（必须）等情态动词表达作者强烈的建议或主张；用 “certainly”（当然）、“undoubtedly”（毫无疑问地）等副词加强语气，表明观点的确定性。如 “Students should develop good study habits.”（学生应该养成良好的学习习惯。）“Undoubtedly, teamwork plays a crucial role in achieving success.”（毫无疑问，团队合作在取得成功中起着关键作用。） 二、试题考法及提问方式 （一）主旨大意题 【考查方法】考查学生对文章整体核心内容的把握，能否提炼出作者的主要观点或文章讨论的主要话题。 【提问方式】 “What is the main idea of the passage?”（这篇文章的主旨大意是什么？）例如在一篇关于 “青少年是否应该拥有自己的手机” 的议论文中，题目可能这样问。 “What's the passage mainly about?”（这篇文章主要讲了什么？）对于讨论 “学校是否应该取消考试” 的文章，会以此提问。 “Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?”（以下哪一个可以作为这篇文章的最佳标题？）比如文章论述 “运动对青少年成长的重要性”，就会让学生选择合适标题。 （二）细节理解题 【考查方法】测试学生对文章中具体论据、事实等细节信息的获取和理解能力。 【提问方式】 以特殊疑问词引导，如 “According to the passage, why is it important to recycle waste?”（根据文章，为什么回收废物很重要？） “What examples does the author give to support the idea that...”（作者给出了哪些例子来支持…… 的观点？）例如在论证 “学习新技能很有必要” 的文章中，题目可能问给出了哪些学习新技能带来好处的例子。 “Which of the following statements is TRUE / FALSE according to the passage?”（根据文章，以下哪一项陈述是正确的 / 错误的？）如在关于 “网络对青少年影响” 的议论文中，设置关于文中提到的网络影响的正误判断题目。 （三）推理判断题 【考查方法】要求学生依据文章所给信息，进行合理推断，挖掘文章潜在含义，得出文章未明确表述的结论。 【提问方式】 “What can we infer from the passage?”（从文章中我们可以推断出什么？）比如在一篇关于 “学校新政策实施效果” 的议论文中，题目可能让学生推断该政策未来可能的发展趋势。 “The author implies that...?”（作者暗示……？）在讨论 “某种新教学方法” 的文章中，问作者暗示这种教学方法的什么特点。 “What's the author's attitude towards...?”（作者对…… 的态度是什么？）对于 “学生参与社会实践” 的议论文，考查学生对作者态度的推断，是支持、反对还是中立。 （四）词义猜测题 【考查方法】让学生结合上下文语境，推测文章中生词或短语的含义。 【提问方式】 “What does the underlined word “...” mean in Chinese / English?”（划线单词 “……” 在中文 / 英文中是什么意思？）例如在论述 “环保措施” 的文章中，出现 “sustainable” 这个生词，题目可能问其含义。 “The underlined phrase “...” refers to...?”（划线短语 “……” 指的是……？）如在关于 “科技发展” 的议论文中，有 “artificial intelligence” 这个短语，题目可能考查其指代内容。 “In the context, the word “...” probably means...?”（在文中语境下，单词 “……” 可能是什么意思？）在一篇关于 “文化交流” 的文章中，出现 “cultural shock” 一词，题目可能这样提问。 三、解答策略 （一）主旨大意题 【解答方法】 通读全文：快速浏览文章，重点关注文章的开头、结尾以及各段落的首句。开头往往点明论点，结尾总结论点，段落首句通常是该段的中心句。例如在阅读关于 “学生参加社团活动好处” 的文章时，开头可能就表明 “Students can benefit a lot from joining school clubs.”（学生能从参加学校社团中获益良多。），结尾再次强调参加社团对学生全面发展的重要性。 总结归纳：分析各段落内容，找出它们之间的逻辑联系，判断是围绕什么核心话题展开论述的。如果文章分别从社交能力提升、兴趣培养、知识拓展等方面论述社团活动，那么主旨就是阐述社团活动对学生多方面发展的积极作用。 筛选选项：将选项与自己总结的主旨进行对比，选择最能准确概括文章核心内容的选项。注意选项不能过于宽泛或过于具体，过于宽泛的选项可能没有准确涵盖文章重点，过于具体的选项可能只是文章的一个细节，不能代表整体主旨。比如对于论述多种运动好处的文章，选项 “A Popular Sport - Basketball”（一项受欢迎的运动 - 篮球）就过于具体，不能作为文章主旨；而选项 “Healthy Lifestyle”（健康生活方式）又过于宽泛，没有准确体现文章主要介绍运动好处的内容。 【注意事项】 避免以偏概全，不能把文章中的某个段落的大意当作全文的主旨，要从整体上把握文章。 对于标题归纳题，标题要简洁明了，能够准确反映文章的主旨，同时具有一定的吸引力，能引起读者的兴趣。 （二）细节理解题 【解答方法】 认真读题：仔细研读题目，圈出关键信息，如时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、具体例子等，明确题目所问内容。 快速定位：根据圈出的关键词，在文章中快速寻找相关段落或句子。可以通过扫读的方式，目光快速扫视文章，重点关注与关键词相关的部分。比如题目问某个事件的原因，就重点在文章中找表示原因的词汇（如 because、reason 等）引导的句子。 对比判断：将定位到的原文信息与选项进行仔细对比，注意选项对原文的表述是否准确，是否存在偷换概念、改变细节等情况。例如原文说某个活动在周六上午举行，选项中说在周六下午，这就是错误的。有时选项可能是对原文的同义替换，如原文用 “increase”，选项用 “raise”，意思相同，这种情况是正确的。 【注意事项】 细节理解题需要高度细心，不能遗漏重要信息，有些选项可能部分内容正确，但存在关键细节错误，要仔细甄别。 严格以原文为依据，不能主观臆断，即使某个选项看起来很合理，但如果在原文中找不到确切依据，也不能选择。 （三）推理判断题 【解答方法】 理解原文：全面深入阅读文章，理解文章的整体内容、逻辑结构以及作者的意图。对于关于 “某种产品市场前景” 的议论文，要理解产品的特点、优势以及市场现状等信息，把握作者对产品前景的看法。 分析选项：对每个选项进行深入分析，判断其是否能从文章所给信息中合理推出。注意排除那些过度推理、与原文矛盾或无中生有的选项。比如文章只是说某种产品受到部分消费者欢迎，选项却推断这种产品将占据整个市场，这就属于过度推理。 合理推理：依据文章中的具体细节、逻辑关系进行推理。例如在一篇关于 “学校教育改革措施” 的议论文中，文章提到改革措施实施后学生的积极性有所提高，可推理出该改革措施在一定程度上是有效的。 【注意事项】 推理必须基于文章内容，不能脱离原文随意猜测，要找到合理的推理依据。 关注文章中的一些暗示性信息，如作者的用词、语气等，这些都可能帮助我们做出正确的推理。比如作者在描述某个观点时使用了 “ridiculous”（荒谬的）一词，可推测作者对该观点持否定态度。 （四）词义猜测题 【解答方法】 确定语境：找到生词所在的句子以及其上下文，分析句子之间的逻辑关系，判断生词在语境中的含义。比如生词所在句子与前后句是因果关系、转折关系还是并列关系等，通过这些关系来推测词义。 运用技巧： 定义或解释猜测：如果文章中对该生词有定义或解释，通常会使用 “be defined as”“mean”“that is”“in other words” 等词或短语引出。例如 “The term ‘ecosystem’ means the community of living organisms together with their environment.”，可以很容易猜出 “ecosystem” 的意思是 “生态系统”。 同义词、反义词猜测：观察上下文中是否有与该生词意思相近或相反的词。如果有同义词，可通过已知同义词来理解生词；如果有反义词，可通过反义词的意思来推断生词含义。比如 “He is very generous. In contrast, his brother is rather stingy.”，通过 “in contrast” 可知 “stingy” 与 “generous”（慷慨的）意思相反，从而猜出 “stingy” 是 “吝啬的” 意思。 举例猜测：当文章中出现 “such as”“for example” 等短语举例时，可以通过例子来理解生词的含义。例如 “Some renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, wind energy and hydro energy, are becoming more and more popular.”，从所举的例子可以知道 “renewable energy sources” 是 “可再生能源” 的意思。 构词法猜测：如果生词是由熟悉的词根、前缀、后缀构成，可以通过分析其构成来猜测词义。比如 “dislike”，“dis - ” 是表示否定的前缀，“like” 是 “喜欢”，所以 “dislike” 就是 “不喜欢”。再如 “careful”，“care” 是 “关心，在意”，“ - ful” 表示充满…… 的，所以 “careful” 就是 “小心的，仔细的”。 【注意事项】 一定要结合具体语境来猜测词义，同一个单词在不同的语境中可能有不同的含义。 猜测词义后，要将其代入原文中进行验证，看是否符合上下文的逻辑和语义，使句子通顺合理。 四、语段分析 Should Students Have Homework? Many people have different ideas about whether students should have homework. Some people think that students should have a lot of homework. They believe that homework can help students review what they have learned in class. For example, by doing math homework, students can practice calculating skills. Also, it can make students more responsible and teach them how to manage their time. However, others hold the opposite opinion. They think too much homework may take up too much of students' free time. Students need time to relax and do things they like, such as playing sports, reading interesting books or spending time with family. If they are always busy with homework, they may feel stressed out. In my opinion, students should have an appropriate amount of homework. It should be neither too much nor too little. Proper homework can help students learn better, but too much will cause problems. Teachers should design homework carefully to make it useful and not too burdensome. 1.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Students should have a lot of homework. B. Students should not have homework. C. People have different ideas about whether students should have homework and the author gives his opinion. D. Homework is not important. 【试题解析】这是一道主旨大意题。文章开篇指出人们对学生是否应该有作业有不同看法，接着分别阐述了支持和反对大量作业的观点，最后作者表明自己认为学生应有适量作业的观点。A 选项只提到了部分人的观点；B 选项与原文不符；D 选项与文章内容相悖。C 选项准确概括了文章主旨，所以答案是 C。 2.According to the passage, why do some people think students should have homework? A. Because homework can make students feel stressed. B. Because homework can help students review and make them more responsible. C. Because homework takes up students' free time. D. Because students don't need to relax. 【试题解析】此为细节理解题。从文章中 “Some people think that students should have a lot of homework. They believe that homework can help students review what they have learned in class... Also, it can make students more responsible and teach them how to manage their time.” 可知，一些人认为作业能帮助学生复习且让他们更有责任感，B 选项正确。A 选项和 C 选项是反对作业的原因；D 选项与原文不符。 3.What can we infer from the passage? A. Teachers should give as much homework as possible. B. Students don't need to do any homework. C. Teachers should consider students' needs when designing homework. D. Homework is not necessary at all. 【试题解析】这是推理判断题。文章最后提到 “Teachers should design homework carefully to make it useful and not too burdensome.”，可推断出教师设计作业时应考虑学生需求，C 选项正确。A 选项与作者观点相反；B 选项和 D 选项过于绝对，不符合文章意思。 4.What does the underlined phrase “take up” mean in Chinese? A. 占据 B. 拿起 C. 从事 D. 开始 【试题解析】这是词义猜测题。根据 “They think too much homework takes up too much of students' free time.” 的语境，作业过多会占用学生大量空闲时间，“take up” 在此处是 “占据” 的意思，A 选项正确。代入其他选项，语义不通顺。 1 If you have some free time, will you watch an enjoyable short video or read an interesting story? If you can only choose one from the two, what should you do? Watching videos may be your better choice (选择). We are now living in a modern world. With the development of science and technology (技术), almost everything in our life becomes smart. These years, watching videos online is becoming more and more popular. You can see many people watching short videos on the bus or the subway in order to relax after a day’s work. However, the number of people reading words is getting smaller. Some people are afraid that videos will one day take the place of (取代) words. But will it really happen? Videos can in fact help us learn new things more quickly. But can they help us learn about the ancient world very well? Many stories in history are in words. We can truly learn about what people did many years ago through reading these words. Short videos are a kind of “instant culture”. They come into and leave our minds like flying cars. We often want to look for the second video at once after finishing watching one. But can we always remember what these videos are about? When we read a long story well, we often remember what it is about. Words also let us use our imagination, but videos don’t. In a word, videos can change the way people learn about the world and the way they have fun, but words will never go away. Words will be like stars shining from the past to the future. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving some facts. D．By asking questions. 2．What is the main idea of paragraph 2? A．The reason for reading books. B．The influence of watching short videos. C．Things we learn from watching short videos. D．The reason why people like watching short videos. 3．What does the underlined word “instant” in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Fast B．Healthy C．Unhealthy D．Funny 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Videos can’t really take the place of words. B．Words are less useful and more boring than videos. C．Watching videos is a more popular way to have fun. D．Reading words is a better way to learn about ourselves. 2 ①You may have already seen them in some restaurants around the world: robot waiters.They are about the size of a child. They can welcome people and lead them to their tables. They can deliver (派送) food and drinks and bring dirty dishes back to the kitchen. Some have cat-like faces and even make noises when you scratch (挠) their heads. Are robot waiters the future? The restaurant industry is trying to answer it. ②Many people think that robot waiters are the answer to worker shortages (短缺). Robots sell well these years. Now there are many of them moving through eating places all over the world. ③“I’m sure this is the future,” said Dennis Reynolds, the owner of a big company. Last year, his restaurant started using a robot. Reynolds said it helped reduce work and improve service. ④However, others think that robot waiters still have a long way to go before they can replace people. They cannot take orders. They cannot walk up the stairs to different areas of a restaurant like people. ⑤“Restaurants are pretty chaotic (混乱的)places, so it is very hard to add automation (自动化) in a way that is really helpful,” said Craig Le Clair from an advising company. ⑥Robots are becoming more common. In 2021, Bear Robotics from California showed its service robot. They plan to sell more robots in the US and other countries by the end of this year. In China, Pudu Robotics, started in 2016 in Shenzhen, has put over 56,000 robots to work around the world. 1．What can robot waiters do in restaurants according to the passage? a. take orders  b. deliver food and drinks.  c. bring dirty dishes back  d. walk upstairs A．ab B．bc C．cd D．ad 2．What does the underlined word “replace” in Paragraph④ mean? A．选择 B．帮助 C．代替 D．追赶 3．What’s the structure of the passage? ( ①—Paragraph1) A．①/②③/④⑤/⑥ B．①/②③④/⑤⑥ C．①②/③④⑤/⑥ D．①/②③/④⑤⑥ 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Robot waiters will replace people in the future. B．Whether robot waiters are the future is not sure. C．Robot waiters will be better than people in the future. D．Robot waiters aren’t clever enough to be really helpful. 3 Numbers are not just numbers. They have some other meanings. Let’s see some of the lucky numbers in the world. As for the number 3, people in Sweden think all good things come in threes. But people in Japan don’t think so. They don’t like to take photos when there are only 3 people. They think something bad will come for the one in the middle. Chinese people don’t like the number 4 because it sounds like Chinese pinyin “si”. But people in Australia love this number. They think four is the top pick for them to get new phone numbers or room numbers. In China, people think the number 6 means everything goes well. During the Spring Festival, many parents give 666 yuan to their children as gift money. But the number 6 is not welcome in most English speaking countries. So it’s not good to use 666 when you talk with your friends from UK or USA． The number 9 also has a good meaning. It sounds like Chinese pinyin “jiǔ”, meaning a long time. In Norway, nine is a lucky number, too. There are many nice stories about it. In my eye, lucky numbers are just for fun. If some numbers make you feel lucky, just use them as you like. But remember to work hard at the same time. I think the hard work can always bring people good luck, not only the numbers themselves. 1．What do people in Sweden think of the number 3? A．It’s an unlucky number. B．All good things come in threes. C．Something bad will come with the number. D．They don’t like taking photos of three people. 2．What do the underlined words “the top pick” mean in Paragraph 3? A．The last one. B．The best one. C．The same one. D．The big one. 3．Where is the number 6 unlucky? A．In China. B．In Norway. C．In Japan. D．In America. 4．What’s the writer’s idea about lucky numbers? A．With lucky numbers, everything can go well. B．Everyone should have his lucky numbers. C．With lucky numbers, people also need to work hard. D．Good luck only comes from the numbers. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．The lucky numbers around the world B．The countries around the world C．The importance of numbers D．The history of numbers 4 The start of every New Year is when we all make plans to change (改变) our life for the better over the coming twelve months. A famous teacher says, “January 1st is a special date. A resolution made on this day is much more helpful than one made on August 26, for example.” So, we all make a list of things to stop, start or change. However, most of the people break their resolutions by January 31st. They are usually the same resolutions that were not finished last year and the year before last year. The teacher says people would like to make the same resolutions year after year, even though they have a hard time to carry them out. A survey shows 45 percent of us make a New Year’s resolution. The most common resolutions include losing weight, volunteering to help others, giving up smoking, saving money, and getting fit. Others include eating healthier food, drinking less junk drink, and going on a trip. According to the survey, only 71 percent of us keep our promise for the first two weeks, six months later, less than 50 percent still keep their resolutions. So many people give up their resolutions. Maybe, they don’t have strong minds. 1．When is the best time to make a resolution? A．On August 26. B．On December 26. C．On January 1. D．On January 31. 2．How long do most of the people keep their resolutions? A．About one month. B．About two months. C．About half a year. D．About a year. 3．How many of us make a New Year’s resolution? A．45%. B．50%. C．71%. D．95%. 4．Which of the following is true? A．One of the most common resolutions is going on a trip. B．People usually make different resolutions every year. C．Most of us can keep our promises for the whole year. D．People usually make the same resolution every year. 5．Why do so many people give up their resolutions? A．Because they don’t like their resolutions. B．Because they don’t have strong minds. C．Because they are too busy with their work. D．Because the resolutions are too difficult. 5 Most middle school students need to wear school uniforms (制服) at school every day. Do they really like their uniforms? Here are some different ideas from some of them. Kathy: We wear uniforms from Monday to Friday. Our uniforms are great! Boys wear white shirts and dark blue trousers. Girls wear white blouses and blue skirts. They make us look smart. The uniforms have a logo with our grades and classes. I think it is good to wear uniforms. Everyone wears the same clothes. We don’t have to think about what to wear every morning. The teachers and other students can tell what class you are in from the logo on your clothes. This needs us to behave (表现) well outside the classroom. Lucy: In our school, we wear uniforms every day. We have different uniforms in different seasons. Mum says I look nice in them, but I don’t think so. I don’t like the colour of the uniforms—always white and dark blue. I like pink! And everyone looks the same. There are twins in my class. I can’t tell who is who in the same clothes. Also, our uniforms feel so hard (硬的) , so I don’t feel comfortable in them. Jim: We only have to wear uniforms on Monday. I don’t think it’s a good idea to wear uniforms every day. The styles are out of fashion. And they are often not the right sizes. 1．Who thinks the school uniforms are nice? A．Kathy. B．Kathy & Lucy’s mother. C．Jim & Kathy’s mother. D．Lucy & Jim. 2．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指代) ? A．Our uniforms make us smart. B．Everyone wears the same clothes. C．We wear uniforms from Monday to Friday. D．The teachers and other students can tell what class you are in from the logo. 3．What does Lucy think of their uniforms? A．The uniforms are not comfortable. B．Everyone looks different in uniforms. C．The colour of the uniforms looks nice. D．The styles are out of fashion and they are often not the right sizes. 4．What is the passage about? A．It is good to wear school uniforms. B．Students need to wear school uniforms. C．Students all like to wear school uniforms. D．Different ideas about wearing school uniforms. 6 At present, a number of people are chasing (追求) fashion. They spend much money chasing fashion. At the same time, it brings us negative effects (负面影响) that may influence the development of our society. What’s fashion? The meaning of fashion can not be explained by a simple word. Everyone has a different understanding of fashion. Some people think that popularization is fashion, while some people think that highlighting personality (彰显个性) is fashion. In fact, fashion is a popular style (of clothes, behaviour, etc.) at a given time or place. Fashion is changing constantly, so it’s always different. It’s not necessary for young people to follow fashion. One should have his own style. One should be changing himself to the situation (形势), but it doesn’t mean that he should follow fashion. We should think about whether fashion is helpful. I think that following it has more disadvantages (缺点) than advantages. For teenagers, chasing fashion may waste their money, energy and time and they may lose their own styles. If everyone follows the same fashion, there won’t be differences in the world. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Chasing fashion. B．Money. C．Time. D．The development of our society. 2．What does the underlined word “constantly” mean in Chinese? A．持续地 B．最后地 C．意外地 D．特别地 3．If we all follow the same fashion, ________. A．we’ll all become popular B．we’ll become very poor C．the world will be the same D．the society will be colourful 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．There are different understandings of fashion. B．Young people can follow fashion at any cost. C．Try to be yourself rather than follow the same fashion. D．Some people think that highlighting personality is fashion. 7 Schools in China have traditional school subjects for a long time. These years most schools in China are teaching life skills too. Some people think it is helpful for students to live in the real world. But others don’t think so. As for me, schools should do in that way. Life skills such as budget (预算) planning and saving money can stop us from overspending. It would also be a good idea to learn cooking. The skill is the most helpful to you when you are living by yourself. On the other hand, some people think that there is no time for extra (额外的) subjects at school. We can learn teamwork by doing group games in a PE class, and doing our homework teaches us skills for time planning. So I believe all schools should teach life skills. It would not take too much time. This will make sure that students well prepare for going to college and working after college. 1．The writer thinks when living by ourselves, it is best for us to ________. A．study hard B．learn cooking C．phone others D．exercise often 2．At school, students learn skills for time planning by ________. A．doing homework B．playing games C．living alone D．saving money 3．What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to (指代)? A．Life skills. B．A school. C．Teaching life skills. D．Going to college. 4．In the passage, the writer wants to tell us ________. A．life skills are not important to students B．schools should teach students life skills C．life skills are not easy for students to learn D．students should learn life skills only at home 5．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage ? A． B． C． D． 8 Online (在线的) shopping is quite popular (受欢迎的) these days. It saves time because people don’t have to go to the shops or drive through the busy streets. It also saves money because people can see all the prices (价格) for the same thing and buy the cheapest one. Do you also consider it money-saving and time-saving to shop online? My mom is busy and she works from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm Monday to Thursday. She visits my grandparents on Friday. On the weekend she does lots of online shopping. But she is often unhappy when she gets the parcels (包裹). The color is too dark or too light. The size is too small or too big. The cloth is too soft or too hard. There’s often something wrong. In the end she has to give back most parcels. She has to go to the post office to send them back. There are usually many people in the post office. It takes a long time to send a parcel. What’s more, it takes a lot of money. In my eyes, online shopping doesn’t save time or money. 1．What does the underlined word “consider” mean in Chinese? A．查明 B．接受 C．认为 D．看出 2．The writer’s mom works __________. A．eight hours a day B．five days a week C．from Monday to Thursday D．on weekends sometimes 3．What does the writer’s mom usually do with her parcels? A．She gives back most of them. B．She keeps them at home. C．She shows them to others. D．She gives them to the writer’s grandparents. 4．The post office is usually __________. A．busy B．quiet C．small D．clean 5．What does the writer mean in the end? A．He likes online shopping. B．He will never shop online. C．Online shopping is not good. D．Online shopping helps him a lot. 9 Now, some students and their parents don’t like the idea of joining school clubs because they think it may take too much of their study time. They think it’s bad for students’ schoolwork. But I don’t agree with them. I think it’s important for us students to choose our favourite club and join it. School clubs play an important part in our school lives. They can make our school lives more interesting and colourful. Students can also learn a lot in different clubs. In the clubs, we can develop (培养) our hobbies and interests. By joining clubs, we can learn skills and things that we can’t get from books. We can also get happy moments and make some friends. Li Hong from Class 3 was once a shy girl. But after joining the club, she works hard to make herself better by helping others in study and planning activities. She now becomes more outgoing. “As teenagers, we should not always keep our eyes on our books,” said Zhang Xuan, my deskmate, “I am now in an English play club. I can both practise my English and my acting skills in it.” In a word, it’s good for us students in all different aspects (方面) , so joining school clubs can develop ourselves in an all-round way. Why not choose a club right now and go for it? 1．Why don’t some students like to join school clubs? A．Because they think the school clubs are boring. B．Because they think they will have less time to study. C．Because they think it may cost a lot of money. D．Because they think their parents are not happy. 2．What can we get from school clubs? A．We can have colourful school lives. B．We can learn English more easily. C．We can learn things from the books. D．We can play games with friends. 3．Li Hong ________ after joining the club. A．works on her subjects harder B．likes to read more books C．becomes better at English D．becomes more active and outgoing 4．What’s the meaning of the underlined word in the last paragraph? A．完全的 B．圆圆的 C．全方位的 D．四面八方的 5．What’s the topic of this writing? A．Making friends B．learning English C．Joining school clubs D．Doing part-time jobs 10 Friends are important in our life, because no one wants to be lonely. However, some people have difficulty in making friends and they often feel lonely. Do you also feel in that way? What’s the reason behind that? According to a new study from Chicago University, the reason is that you have a brain difference from common people. And you often feel unsafe when facing strangers. Does that mean you have no way to become happy again? Don’t worry. Scientists of this study have thought up ways to help you deal with your loneliness. They provided four steps for getting out of loneliness. The first step is to accept social invitations (邀请) although you don’t want to go. “It’s not enough for people just to get in touch with others online. That’s because most people don’t show their true selves there,” said Dr. Cacioppo, one of this study’s scientists. Another step is to make an action plan. As “Actions speak louder than words”, you need to be active to communicate (交流) with others. You also need to meet people with the same interests. Also, you should be positive (积极的) , and always think the best from each activity. After all, “tomorrow is another day”. Who knows what good things are waiting for us? 1．According to the new study, people find it hard to make friends because ________. A．they like to be alone B．their brains are different C．people around them are mean D．they always have strange ideas 2．What’s the main idea of the 3rd paragraph? A．Ways to stop feeling lonely. B．Importance of socializing. C．Reasons for people to feel lonely. D．Actions speak louder than words. 3．What can we learn from this passage? A．We must take the first step to talk with others. B．We can only meet people with the same interests. C．It’s really difficult for us to get out of loneliness. D．It’s better for us to get in touch with people in real life. 4．Who might the writer write this passage for? A．People who are good at making friends. B．People who have trouble in making friends. C．Students who are going to a new school. D．Scientists who study friendship among people. 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习系列 专题20 阅读理解之议论文(语篇与方法) 一、语篇特点 （一）结构清晰 提出论点：文章开篇通常会直接点明作者的观点或主张，让读者迅速知晓文章的核心主题。比如在一篇关于 “是否应该多进行户外活动” 的议论文中，开头可能就会写道 “Outdoor activities are of great importance for us.”（户外活动对我们非常重要。），直接表明作者对户外活动持肯定态度这一论点。 论证过程：中间部分会通过各种论据来论证论点。论据可以是具体的事例、数据、专家观点等。例如为了论证户外活动重要，作者可能会列举事例，如 “Many students who often take part in outdoor activities are more energetic and have better grades.”（许多经常参加户外活动的学生更有活力，成绩也更好。），或者引用专家观点 “According to experts, outdoor activities can improve our physical and mental health.”（据专家称，户外活动可以改善我们的身心健康。），从不同角度支撑论点。 得出结论：结尾部分会总结全文，再次强调论点，或者提出相应的建议、呼吁等。如上述文章结尾可能会说 “So, let's spend more time on outdoor activities and enjoy a healthier and happier life.”（所以，让我们花更多时间在户外活动上，享受更健康、更快乐的生活。），强化论点并呼吁读者行动。 （二）逻辑性强 因果关系：议论文中常通过因果关系来阐述观点。比如在论述 “为什么学生应该多阅读书籍” 时，会提到 “Reading books can expand our knowledge, because we can learn about different cultures, histories and ideas from books.”（阅读书籍可以拓展我们的知识，因为我们可以从书中了解不同的文化、历史和思想。），清晰地说明阅读能增长知识的原因。 对比关系：通过对比不同事物、观点来突出作者支持的一方。在讨论 “线上学习和线下学习哪种更好” 的文章中，会对比两者的优缺点，如 “Online learning offers more flexibility, but offline learning allows for more face - to - face communication and interaction.”（线上学习提供更多灵活性，但线下学习能实现更多面对面交流和互动。），让读者更直观地理解两者差异，从而支持作者对某种学习方式的观点。 递进关系：为了深入论证，会采用递进关系逐步深化观点。如在阐述 “保护环境的重要性” 时，先提到 “Protecting the environment can keep our living places clean. Moreover, it can ensure the sustainable development of the entire ecosystem.”（保护环境可以保持我们的生活场所清洁。此外，它还能确保整个生态系统的可持续发展。），从生活环境层面递进至生态系统层面，加强论证。 （三）语言严谨 用词准确：为了使论证具有说服力，用词精准恰当。在描述科学研究相关内容时，会用 “research”（研究）、“experiment”（实验）等准确词汇，而不是模糊表述。例如 “Recent research shows that regular exercise is beneficial to our heart.”（最近的研究表明，经常锻炼对我们的心脏有益。） 使用情态动词和副词表态度：常使用 “should”（应该）、“must”（必须）等情态动词表达作者强烈的建议或主张；用 “certainly”（当然）、“undoubtedly”（毫无疑问地）等副词加强语气，表明观点的确定性。如 “Students should develop good study habits.”（学生应该养成良好的学习习惯。）“Undoubtedly, teamwork plays a crucial role in achieving success.”（毫无疑问，团队合作在取得成功中起着关键作用。） 二、试题考法及提问方式 （一）主旨大意题 【考查方法】考查学生对文章整体核心内容的把握，能否提炼出作者的主要观点或文章讨论的主要话题。 【提问方式】 “What is the main idea of the passage?”（这篇文章的主旨大意是什么？）例如在一篇关于 “青少年是否应该拥有自己的手机” 的议论文中，题目可能这样问。 “What's the passage mainly about?”（这篇文章主要讲了什么？）对于讨论 “学校是否应该取消考试” 的文章，会以此提问。 “Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?”（以下哪一个可以作为这篇文章的最佳标题？）比如文章论述 “运动对青少年成长的重要性”，就会让学生选择合适标题。 （二）细节理解题 【考查方法】测试学生对文章中具体论据、事实等细节信息的获取和理解能力。 【提问方式】 以特殊疑问词引导，如 “According to the passage, why is it important to recycle waste?”（根据文章，为什么回收废物很重要？） “What examples does the author give to support the idea that...”（作者给出了哪些例子来支持…… 的观点？）例如在论证 “学习新技能很有必要” 的文章中，题目可能问给出了哪些学习新技能带来好处的例子。 “Which of the following statements is TRUE / FALSE according to the passage?”（根据文章，以下哪一项陈述是正确的 / 错误的？）如在关于 “网络对青少年影响” 的议论文中，设置关于文中提到的网络影响的正误判断题目。 （三）推理判断题 【考查方法】要求学生依据文章所给信息，进行合理推断，挖掘文章潜在含义，得出文章未明确表述的结论。 【提问方式】 “What can we infer from the passage?”（从文章中我们可以推断出什么？）比如在一篇关于 “学校新政策实施效果” 的议论文中，题目可能让学生推断该政策未来可能的发展趋势。 “The author implies that...?”（作者暗示……？）在讨论 “某种新教学方法” 的文章中，问作者暗示这种教学方法的什么特点。 “What's the author's attitude towards...?”（作者对…… 的态度是什么？）对于 “学生参与社会实践” 的议论文，考查学生对作者态度的推断，是支持、反对还是中立。 （四）词义猜测题 【考查方法】让学生结合上下文语境，推测文章中生词或短语的含义。 【提问方式】 “What does the underlined word “...” mean in Chinese / English?”（划线单词 “……” 在中文 / 英文中是什么意思？）例如在论述 “环保措施” 的文章中，出现 “sustainable” 这个生词，题目可能问其含义。 “The underlined phrase “...” refers to...?”（划线短语 “……” 指的是……？）如在关于 “科技发展” 的议论文中，有 “artificial intelligence” 这个短语，题目可能考查其指代内容。 “In the context, the word “...” probably means...?”（在文中语境下，单词 “……” 可能是什么意思？）在一篇关于 “文化交流” 的文章中，出现 “cultural shock” 一词，题目可能这样提问。 三、解答策略 （一）主旨大意题 【解答方法】 通读全文：快速浏览文章，重点关注文章的开头、结尾以及各段落的首句。开头往往点明论点，结尾总结论点，段落首句通常是该段的中心句。例如在阅读关于 “学生参加社团活动好处” 的文章时，开头可能就表明 “Students can benefit a lot from joining school clubs.”（学生能从参加学校社团中获益良多。），结尾再次强调参加社团对学生全面发展的重要性。 总结归纳：分析各段落内容，找出它们之间的逻辑联系，判断是围绕什么核心话题展开论述的。如果文章分别从社交能力提升、兴趣培养、知识拓展等方面论述社团活动，那么主旨就是阐述社团活动对学生多方面发展的积极作用。 筛选选项：将选项与自己总结的主旨进行对比，选择最能准确概括文章核心内容的选项。注意选项不能过于宽泛或过于具体，过于宽泛的选项可能没有准确涵盖文章重点，过于具体的选项可能只是文章的一个细节，不能代表整体主旨。比如对于论述多种运动好处的文章，选项 “A Popular Sport - Basketball”（一项受欢迎的运动 - 篮球）就过于具体，不能作为文章主旨；而选项 “Healthy Lifestyle”（健康生活方式）又过于宽泛，没有准确体现文章主要介绍运动好处的内容。 【注意事项】 避免以偏概全，不能把文章中的某个段落的大意当作全文的主旨，要从整体上把握文章。 对于标题归纳题，标题要简洁明了，能够准确反映文章的主旨，同时具有一定的吸引力，能引起读者的兴趣。 （二）细节理解题 【解答方法】 认真读题：仔细研读题目，圈出关键信息，如时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、具体例子等，明确题目所问内容。 快速定位：根据圈出的关键词，在文章中快速寻找相关段落或句子。可以通过扫读的方式，目光快速扫视文章，重点关注与关键词相关的部分。比如题目问某个事件的原因，就重点在文章中找表示原因的词汇（如 because、reason 等）引导的句子。 对比判断：将定位到的原文信息与选项进行仔细对比，注意选项对原文的表述是否准确，是否存在偷换概念、改变细节等情况。例如原文说某个活动在周六上午举行，选项中说在周六下午，这就是错误的。有时选项可能是对原文的同义替换，如原文用 “increase”，选项用 “raise”，意思相同，这种情况是正确的。 【注意事项】 细节理解题需要高度细心，不能遗漏重要信息，有些选项可能部分内容正确，但存在关键细节错误，要仔细甄别。 严格以原文为依据，不能主观臆断，即使某个选项看起来很合理，但如果在原文中找不到确切依据，也不能选择。 （三）推理判断题 【解答方法】 理解原文：全面深入阅读文章，理解文章的整体内容、逻辑结构以及作者的意图。对于关于 “某种产品市场前景” 的议论文，要理解产品的特点、优势以及市场现状等信息，把握作者对产品前景的看法。 分析选项：对每个选项进行深入分析，判断其是否能从文章所给信息中合理推出。注意排除那些过度推理、与原文矛盾或无中生有的选项。比如文章只是说某种产品受到部分消费者欢迎，选项却推断这种产品将占据整个市场，这就属于过度推理。 合理推理：依据文章中的具体细节、逻辑关系进行推理。例如在一篇关于 “学校教育改革措施” 的议论文中，文章提到改革措施实施后学生的积极性有所提高，可推理出该改革措施在一定程度上是有效的。 【注意事项】 推理必须基于文章内容，不能脱离原文随意猜测，要找到合理的推理依据。 关注文章中的一些暗示性信息，如作者的用词、语气等，这些都可能帮助我们做出正确的推理。比如作者在描述某个观点时使用了 “ridiculous”（荒谬的）一词，可推测作者对该观点持否定态度。 （四）词义猜测题 【解答方法】 确定语境：找到生词所在的句子以及其上下文，分析句子之间的逻辑关系，判断生词在语境中的含义。比如生词所在句子与前后句是因果关系、转折关系还是并列关系等，通过这些关系来推测词义。 运用技巧： 定义或解释猜测：如果文章中对该生词有定义或解释，通常会使用 “be defined as”“mean”“that is”“in other words” 等词或短语引出。例如 “The term ‘ecosystem’ means the community of living organisms together with their environment.”，可以很容易猜出 “ecosystem” 的意思是 “生态系统”。 同义词、反义词猜测：观察上下文中是否有与该生词意思相近或相反的词。如果有同义词，可通过已知同义词来理解生词；如果有反义词，可通过反义词的意思来推断生词含义。比如 “He is very generous. In contrast, his brother is rather stingy.”，通过 “in contrast” 可知 “stingy” 与 “generous”（慷慨的）意思相反，从而猜出 “stingy” 是 “吝啬的” 意思。 举例猜测：当文章中出现 “such as”“for example” 等短语举例时，可以通过例子来理解生词的含义。例如 “Some renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, wind energy and hydro energy, are becoming more and more popular.”，从所举的例子可以知道 “renewable energy sources” 是 “可再生能源” 的意思。 构词法猜测：如果生词是由熟悉的词根、前缀、后缀构成，可以通过分析其构成来猜测词义。比如 “dislike”，“dis - ” 是表示否定的前缀，“like” 是 “喜欢”，所以 “dislike” 就是 “不喜欢”。再如 “careful”，“care” 是 “关心，在意”，“ - ful” 表示充满…… 的，所以 “careful” 就是 “小心的，仔细的”。 【注意事项】 一定要结合具体语境来猜测词义，同一个单词在不同的语境中可能有不同的含义。 猜测词义后，要将其代入原文中进行验证，看是否符合上下文的逻辑和语义，使句子通顺合理。 四、语段分析 Should Students Have Homework? Many people have different ideas about whether students should have homework. Some people think that students should have a lot of homework. They believe that homework can help students review what they have learned in class. For example, by doing math homework, students can practice calculating skills. Also, it can make students more responsible and teach them how to manage their time. However, others hold the opposite opinion. They think too much homework may take up too much of students' free time. Students need time to relax and do things they like, such as playing sports, reading interesting books or spending time with family. If they are always busy with homework, they may feel stressed out. In my opinion, students should have an appropriate amount of homework. It should be neither too much nor too little. Proper homework can help students learn better, but too much will cause problems. Teachers should design homework carefully to make it useful and not too burdensome. 1.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Students should have a lot of homework. B. Students should not have homework. C. People have different ideas about whether students should have homework and the author gives his opinion. D. Homework is not important. 【试题解析】这是一道主旨大意题。文章开篇指出人们对学生是否应该有作业有不同看法，接着分别阐述了支持和反对大量作业的观点，最后作者表明自己认为学生应有适量作业的观点。A 选项只提到了部分人的观点；B 选项与原文不符；D 选项与文章内容相悖。C 选项准确概括了文章主旨，所以答案是 C。 2.According to the passage, why do some people think students should have homework? A. Because homework can make students feel stressed. B. Because homework can help students review and make them more responsible. C. Because homework takes up students' free time. D. Because students don't need to relax. 【试题解析】此为细节理解题。从文章中 “Some people think that students should have a lot of homework. They believe that homework can help students review what they have learned in class... Also, it can make students more responsible and teach them how to manage their time.” 可知，一些人认为作业能帮助学生复习且让他们更有责任感，B 选项正确。A 选项和 C 选项是反对作业的原因；D 选项与原文不符。 3.What can we infer from the passage? A. Teachers should give as much homework as possible. B. Students don't need to do any homework. C. Teachers should consider students' needs when designing homework. D. Homework is not necessary at all. 【试题解析】这是推理判断题。文章最后提到 “Teachers should design homework carefully to make it useful and not too burdensome.”，可推断出教师设计作业时应考虑学生需求，C 选项正确。A 选项与作者观点相反；B 选项和 D 选项过于绝对，不符合文章意思。 4.What does the underlined phrase “take up” mean in Chinese? A. 占据 B. 拿起 C. 从事 D. 开始 【试题解析】这是词义猜测题。根据 “They think too much homework takes up too much of students' free time.” 的语境，作业过多会占用学生大量空闲时间，“take up” 在此处是 “占据” 的意思，A 选项正确。代入其他选项，语义不通顺。 1 If you have some free time, will you watch an enjoyable short video or read an interesting story? If you can only choose one from the two, what should you do? Watching videos may be your better choice (选择). We are now living in a modern world. With the development of science and technology (技术), almost everything in our life becomes smart. These years, watching videos online is becoming more and more popular. You can see many people watching short videos on the bus or the subway in order to relax after a day’s work. However, the number of people reading words is getting smaller. Some people are afraid that videos will one day take the place of (取代) words. But will it really happen? Videos can in fact help us learn new things more quickly. But can they help us learn about the ancient world very well? Many stories in history are in words. We can truly learn about what people did many years ago through reading these words. Short videos are a kind of “instant culture”. They come into and leave our minds like flying cars. We often want to look for the second video at once after finishing watching one. But can we always remember what these videos are about? When we read a long story well, we often remember what it is about. Words also let us use our imagination, but videos don’t. In a word, videos can change the way people learn about the world and the way they have fun, but words will never go away. Words will be like stars shining from the past to the future. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving some facts. D．By asking questions. 2．What is the main idea of paragraph 2? A．The reason for reading books. B．The influence of watching short videos. C．Things we learn from watching short videos. D．The reason why people like watching short videos. 3．What does the underlined word “instant” in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Fast B．Healthy C．Unhealthy D．Funny 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Videos can’t really take the place of words. B．Words are less useful and more boring than videos. C．Watching videos is a more popular way to have fun. D．Reading words is a better way to learn about ourselves. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了短视频文化，人们在休闲时间选择短视频的原因，以及它无法取代文本的观点。 1．细节理解题。根据“If you can only choose one from the two, what should you do?”可知，作者在通过提问的方式让读者去选择，从而引出短视频这个话题。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“We are now living in a modern world. With the development of science and technology, almost everything in our life becomes smart.”等可知，第二段说明了人们喜欢看短视频的原因。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据下文“They come into and leave our minds like flying cars.”可知，短视频就像飞驰的汽车，在我们的脑海中来去匆忙，所以instant在此处表示与“快速”相关的意思。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据“In a word, videos can change the way people learn about the world and the way they have fun, but words will never go away.”可知，短视频虽然改变了人们了解世界和让自己快乐的方式，但文本却永远不会离开，即短视频不会真正取代文本。故选A。 2 ①You may have already seen them in some restaurants around the world: robot waiters.They are about the size of a child. They can welcome people and lead them to their tables. They can deliver (派送) food and drinks and bring dirty dishes back to the kitchen. Some have cat-like faces and even make noises when you scratch (挠) their heads. Are robot waiters the future? The restaurant industry is trying to answer it. ②Many people think that robot waiters are the answer to worker shortages (短缺). Robots sell well these years. Now there are many of them moving through eating places all over the world. ③“I’m sure this is the future,” said Dennis Reynolds, the owner of a big company. Last year, his restaurant started using a robot. Reynolds said it helped reduce work and improve service. ④However, others think that robot waiters still have a long way to go before they can replace people. They cannot take orders. They cannot walk up the stairs to different areas of a restaurant like people. ⑤“Restaurants are pretty chaotic (混乱的)places, so it is very hard to add automation (自动化) in a way that is really helpful,” said Craig Le Clair from an advising company. ⑥Robots are becoming more common. In 2021, Bear Robotics from California showed its service robot. They plan to sell more robots in the US and other countries by the end of this year. In China, Pudu Robotics, started in 2016 in Shenzhen, has put over 56,000 robots to work around the world. 1．What can robot waiters do in restaurants according to the passage? a. take orders  b. deliver food and drinks.  c. bring dirty dishes back  d. walk upstairs A．ab B．bc C．cd D．ad 2．What does the underlined word “replace” in Paragraph④ mean? A．选择 B．帮助 C．代替 D．追赶 3．What’s the structure of the passage? ( ①—Paragraph1) A．①/②③/④⑤/⑥ B．①/②③④/⑤⑥ C．①②/③④⑤/⑥ D．①/②③/④⑤⑥ 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Robot waiters will replace people in the future. B．Whether robot waiters are the future is not sure. C．Robot waiters will be better than people in the future. D．Robot waiters aren’t clever enough to be really helpful. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文主要是探讨机器人服务员是不是未来，不同的人对此有不同的意见。 1．细节理解题。根据“They can deliver (派送) food and drinks and bring dirty dishes back to the kitchen.”可知，机器人服务员能在餐馆里送食物和饮料，把脏盘子带回厨房。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“However, others think that robot waiters still have a long way to go before they can replace people. They cannot take orders. They cannot walk up the stairs to different areas of a restaurant like people.”可知，然而，其他人认为机器人服务员在……人类之前还有很长的路要走。他们不能接受命令。他们不能像人一样爬楼梯到餐厅的不同区域，因此可推断应指机器人在代替人类之前还有很长的路要走，replace应意为“代替”。故选C。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，本文第一段引出机器人服务员这一话题；第二段与第三段主要讲述了一些人认为机器人服务员有助于减少工作量和提升服务；第四段与第五段主要讲述了另一些人认为机器人服务员存在的问题；第六段说明机器人变得越来越普遍。因此结构应为①/②③/④⑤/⑥。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要是探讨机器人服务员是不是未来，不同的人对此有不同的意见。故选B。 3 Numbers are not just numbers. They have some other meanings. Let’s see some of the lucky numbers in the world. As for the number 3, people in Sweden think all good things come in threes. But people in Japan don’t think so. They don’t like to take photos when there are only 3 people. They think something bad will come for the one in the middle. Chinese people don’t like the number 4 because it sounds like Chinese pinyin “si”. But people in Australia love this number. They think four is the top pick for them to get new phone numbers or room numbers. In China, people think the number 6 means everything goes well. During the Spring Festival, many parents give 666 yuan to their children as gift money. But the number 6 is not welcome in most English speaking countries. So it’s not good to use 666 when you talk with your friends from UK or USA． The number 9 also has a good meaning. It sounds like Chinese pinyin “jiǔ”, meaning a long time. In Norway, nine is a lucky number, too. There are many nice stories about it. In my eye, lucky numbers are just for fun. If some numbers make you feel lucky, just use them as you like. But remember to work hard at the same time. I think the hard work can always bring people good luck, not only the numbers themselves. 1．What do people in Sweden think of the number 3? A．It’s an unlucky number. B．All good things come in threes. C．Something bad will come with the number. D．They don’t like taking photos of three people. 2．What do the underlined words “the top pick” mean in Paragraph 3? A．The last one. B．The best one. C．The same one. D．The big one. 3．Where is the number 6 unlucky? A．In China. B．In Norway. C．In Japan. D．In America. 4．What’s the writer’s idea about lucky numbers? A．With lucky numbers, everything can go well. B．Everyone should have his lucky numbers. C．With lucky numbers, people also need to work hard. D．Good luck only comes from the numbers. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．The lucky numbers around the world B．The countries around the world C．The importance of numbers D．The history of numbers 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了数字不仅仅是数字，它们还有文化含义，并列举了世界各地一些幸运和不幸的数字。 1．细节理解题。根据“As for the number 3, people in Sweden think all good things come in threes.”可知，瑞典人认为所有美好的事物都是成三的。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据第“But people in Australia love this number. They think four is the top pick for them to get new phone numbers or room numbers.”可知，数字4在澳大利亚是吉利的数字，所以他们认为数字4是他们获得新电话号码或房间号码的首选。故划线部分“the top pick”是指“首选”，此处与The best one同义。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“But the number 6 is not welcome in most English speaking countries. So it’s not good to use 666 when you talk with your friends from UK or USA.”可知，在大多数英语国家，数字6并不受欢迎，所以当你和来自英国或美国的朋友聊天时，使用6是不好的。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“In my eye, lucky numbers are just for fun. If some numbers make you feel lucky, just use them as you like. But remember to work hard at the same time. I think the hard work can always bring people good luck, not only the numbers themselves.”可知，作者认为，保留你认为会给你带来好运的数字的同时，仍要不忘继续努力工作。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。文章主要讲述了不同国家对于不同数字的看法，有的数字被认为是幸运的，有的不是，文章围绕着世界各国的幸运数字展开。A选项“The lucky numbers around the world”应该是最合适的标题。故选A。 4 The start of every New Year is when we all make plans to change (改变) our life for the better over the coming twelve months. A famous teacher says, “January 1st is a special date. A resolution made on this day is much more helpful than one made on August 26, for example.” So, we all make a list of things to stop, start or change. However, most of the people break their resolutions by January 31st. They are usually the same resolutions that were not finished last year and the year before last year. The teacher says people would like to make the same resolutions year after year, even though they have a hard time to carry them out. A survey shows 45 percent of us make a New Year’s resolution. The most common resolutions include losing weight, volunteering to help others, giving up smoking, saving money, and getting fit. Others include eating healthier food, drinking less junk drink, and going on a trip. According to the survey, only 71 percent of us keep our promise for the first two weeks, six months later, less than 50 percent still keep their resolutions. So many people give up their resolutions. Maybe, they don’t have strong minds. 1．When is the best time to make a resolution? A．On August 26. B．On December 26. C．On January 1. D．On January 31. 2．How long do most of the people keep their resolutions? A．About one month. B．About two months. C．About half a year. D．About a year. 3．How many of us make a New Year’s resolution? A．45%. B．50%. C．71%. D．95%. 4．Which of the following is true? A．One of the most common resolutions is going on a trip. B．People usually make different resolutions every year. C．Most of us can keep our promises for the whole year. D．People usually make the same resolution every year. 5．Why do so many people give up their resolutions? A．Because they don’t like their resolutions. B．Because they don’t have strong minds. C．Because they are too busy with their work. D．Because the resolutions are too difficult. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，文章通过讨论人们在新年制定计划但往往难以坚持的现象，引用了相关数据和调查结果，分析了这一现象的原因，并暗示了可能的解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据“January 1st is a special date. A resolution made on this day is much more helpful than…”可知，1月1日是一个特别的日子，在这一天做出的决定比其他日子做出的决定要有效得多，也就是说1月1日是做决定的最佳日子。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“However, most of the people break their resolutions by January 31st.”可知，大多数人在1月31日前就打破了他们的决心，也就是说大部分人能够坚持一个月。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“A survey shows 45 percent of us make a New Year’s resolution.”可知，一项调查显示，45%的人会制定新年目标。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“The teacher says people would like to make the same resolutions year after year”可知，老师说，人们会年复一年地制定同样的目标。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据“So many people give up their resolutions. Maybe, they don’t have strong minds.”可知，很多人放弃了他们的目标，也许是因为他们没有足够的意志力。故选B。 5 Most middle school students need to wear school uniforms (制服) at school every day. Do they really like their uniforms? Here are some different ideas from some of them. Kathy: We wear uniforms from Monday to Friday. Our uniforms are great! Boys wear white shirts and dark blue trousers. Girls wear white blouses and blue skirts. They make us look smart. The uniforms have a logo with our grades and classes. I think it is good to wear uniforms. Everyone wears the same clothes. We don’t have to think about what to wear every morning. The teachers and other students can tell what class you are in from the logo on your clothes. This needs us to behave (表现) well outside the classroom. Lucy: In our school, we wear uniforms every day. We have different uniforms in different seasons. Mum says I look nice in them, but I don’t think so. I don’t like the colour of the uniforms—always white and dark blue. I like pink! And everyone looks the same. There are twins in my class. I can’t tell who is who in the same clothes. Also, our uniforms feel so hard (硬的) , so I don’t feel comfortable in them. Jim: We only have to wear uniforms on Monday. I don’t think it’s a good idea to wear uniforms every day. The styles are out of fashion. And they are often not the right sizes. 1．Who thinks the school uniforms are nice? A．Kathy. B．Kathy & Lucy’s mother. C．Jim & Kathy’s mother. D．Lucy & Jim. 2．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指代) ? A．Our uniforms make us smart. B．Everyone wears the same clothes. C．We wear uniforms from Monday to Friday. D．The teachers and other students can tell what class you are in from the logo. 3．What does Lucy think of their uniforms? A．The uniforms are not comfortable. B．Everyone looks different in uniforms. C．The colour of the uniforms looks nice. D．The styles are out of fashion and they are often not the right sizes. 4．What is the passage about? A．It is good to wear school uniforms. B．Students need to wear school uniforms. C．Students all like to wear school uniforms. D．Different ideas about wearing school uniforms. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了不同的学生对穿校服的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“Kathy: We wear uniforms from Monday to Friday. Our uniforms are great!”以及“Lucy: In our school, we wear uniforms every day. We have different uniforms in different seasons. Mum says I look nice in them”可知，Kathy和Lucy的妈妈认为校服很好看。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据文中“The teachers and other students can tell what class you are in from the logo on your clothes. This needs us to behave (表现) well outside the classroom.”可知，此处的“this”指代的是“老师和其他学生可以从标志上看出你在哪个班”这件事情。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“Lucy: In our school, we wear uniforms every day...but I don’t think so. I don’t like the colour of the uniforms — always white and dark blue...Also, our uniforms feel so hard (硬的), so I don’t feel comfortable in them.”可知，Lucy认为校服穿着不舒服。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文中“Most middle school students need to wear school uniforms (制服) at school every day. Do they really like their uniforms? Here are some different ideas from some of them.”可知，文章主要讲了关于穿校服的不同想法。故选D。 6 At present, a number of people are chasing (追求) fashion. They spend much money chasing fashion. At the same time, it brings us negative effects (负面影响) that may influence the development of our society. What’s fashion? The meaning of fashion can not be explained by a simple word. Everyone has a different understanding of fashion. Some people think that popularization is fashion, while some people think that highlighting personality (彰显个性) is fashion. In fact, fashion is a popular style (of clothes, behaviour, etc.) at a given time or place. Fashion is changing constantly, so it’s always different. It’s not necessary for young people to follow fashion. One should have his own style. One should be changing himself to the situation (形势), but it doesn’t mean that he should follow fashion. We should think about whether fashion is helpful. I think that following it has more disadvantages (缺点) than advantages. For teenagers, chasing fashion may waste their money, energy and time and they may lose their own styles. If everyone follows the same fashion, there won’t be differences in the world. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Chasing fashion. B．Money. C．Time. D．The development of our society. 2．What does the underlined word “constantly” mean in Chinese? A．持续地 B．最后地 C．意外地 D．特别地 3．If we all follow the same fashion, ________. A．we’ll all become popular B．we’ll become very poor C．the world will be the same D．the society will be colourful 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．There are different understandings of fashion. B．Young people can follow fashion at any cost. C．Try to be yourself rather than follow the same fashion. D．Some people think that highlighting personality is fashion. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．C 【解析】本文主要阐述了对于时尚的不同理解，以及盲目追求时尚的弊端，在此基础上作者认为人们应当拥有自己的个性风格，而不能一味追求相同的时尚。 1．词句猜测题。根据“At present, a number of people are chasing (追求) fashion. They spend much money chasing fashion. At the same time, it brings us negative effects (负面影响) that may influence the development of our society.”可知，本文讨论chasing fashion“追求时尚”这一现象及其影响，此句“影响我们社会的发展”也是chasing fashion的负面影响之一，此处“it”应指代chasing fashion。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Fashion is changing constantly, so it’s always different.”可知，不同时期的时尚总是不同的，所以时尚应是持续不断变化的，“constantly”在这里应是“持续地”的意思。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一句“If everyone follows the same fashion, there won’t be differences in the world.”可知，如果每个人都追求相同类型的时尚，这个世界将没有差别，选项C“世界将变得千篇一律”符合语境。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据“One should have his own style. One should be changing himself to the situation (形势), but it doesn’t mean that he should follow fashion.”可知，整篇文章的主要观点是鼓励人们应当拥有自己的风格，而不是盲目追随同样的时尚，选项C“尝试做自己，而不是追随同样的时尚。”符合主题。故选C。 7 Schools in China have traditional school subjects for a long time. These years most schools in China are teaching life skills too. Some people think it is helpful for students to live in the real world. But others don’t think so. As for me, schools should do in that way. Life skills such as budget (预算) planning and saving money can stop us from overspending. It would also be a good idea to learn cooking. The skill is the most helpful to you when you are living by yourself. On the other hand, some people think that there is no time for extra (额外的) subjects at school. We can learn teamwork by doing group games in a PE class, and doing our homework teaches us skills for time planning. So I believe all schools should teach life skills. It would not take too much time. This will make sure that students well prepare for going to college and working after college. 1．The writer thinks when living by ourselves, it is best for us to ________. A．study hard B．learn cooking C．phone others D．exercise often 2．At school, students learn skills for time planning by ________. A．doing homework B．playing games C．living alone D．saving money 3．What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to (指代)? A．Life skills. B．A school. C．Teaching life skills. D．Going to college. 4．In the passage, the writer wants to tell us ________. A．life skills are not important to students B．schools should teach students life skills C．life skills are not easy for students to learn D．students should learn life skills only at home 5．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage ? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，文章中作者针对这些年学校教育里学生既要学习传统的学校科目，也要学习生活技能这个话题提出了自己的观点，认为学校应该这样做，并给出了支撑这一观点的理由。 1．细节理解题。根据“It would also be a good idea to learn cooking. The skill is the most helpful to you when you are living by yourself.”可知，作者认为独自生活时学习烹饪最好。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“We can learn teamwork by doing group games in a PE class, and doing our homework teaches us skills for time planning.”可知，通过做作业学生学会时间规划。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据“So I believe all schools should teach life skills. It would not take too much time”可知，之前提到的是学校教生活技能，故“it”指“teaching life skills”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“As for me, schools should do in that way.”可知，作者认为学校应该教授生活技能。故选B。 5．篇章结构题。通读全文，第一段提到学生学习生活技能的话题；第二段和第三段分别论述了支持和反对的观点；最后一段是总结全文，因此文章是总分总结构。故选D。 8 Online (在线的) shopping is quite popular (受欢迎的) these days. It saves time because people don’t have to go to the shops or drive through the busy streets. It also saves money because people can see all the prices (价格) for the same thing and buy the cheapest one. Do you also consider it money-saving and time-saving to shop online? My mom is busy and she works from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm Monday to Thursday. She visits my grandparents on Friday. On the weekend she does lots of online shopping. But she is often unhappy when she gets the parcels (包裹). The color is too dark or too light. The size is too small or too big. The cloth is too soft or too hard. There’s often something wrong. In the end she has to give back most parcels. She has to go to the post office to send them back. There are usually many people in the post office. It takes a long time to send a parcel. What’s more, it takes a lot of money. In my eyes, online shopping doesn’t save time or money. 1．What does the underlined word “consider” mean in Chinese? A．查明 B．接受 C．认为 D．看出 2．The writer’s mom works __________. A．eight hours a day B．five days a week C．from Monday to Thursday D．on weekends sometimes 3．What does the writer’s mom usually do with her parcels? A．She gives back most of them. B．She keeps them at home. C．She shows them to others. D．She gives them to the writer’s grandparents. 4．The post office is usually __________. A．busy B．quiet C．small D．clean 5．What does the writer mean in the end? A．He likes online shopping. B．He will never shop online. C．Online shopping is not good. D．Online shopping helps him a lot. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．C 【解析】本文讲述了在线购物的流行原因及作者妈妈在线购物时遇到的各种问题，最后作者认为在线购物并不省时省钱。 1．词义猜测题。根据“Do you also consider it money-saving and time-saving to shop online?”可知，此处询问读者是否认为在线购物省时省钱，“consider”应是“认为”的意思。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“My mom is busy and she works from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm Monday to Thursday.”可知，作者的妈妈一周工作从周一到周四。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“In the end she has to give back most parcels.”可知，作者的妈妈最终退回了大部分包裹。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“There are usually many people in the post office.”可知，邮局通常有很多人，很忙碌。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“In my eyes, online shopping doesn’t save time or money.”可知，作者认为在线购物并不省时省钱，即不好。故选C。 9 Now, some students and their parents don’t like the idea of joining school clubs because they think it may take too much of their study time. They think it’s bad for students’ schoolwork. But I don’t agree with them. I think it’s important for us students to choose our favourite club and join it. School clubs play an important part in our school lives. They can make our school lives more interesting and colourful. Students can also learn a lot in different clubs. In the clubs, we can develop (培养) our hobbies and interests. By joining clubs, we can learn skills and things that we can’t get from books. We can also get happy moments and make some friends. Li Hong from Class 3 was once a shy girl. But after joining the club, she works hard to make herself better by helping others in study and planning activities. She now becomes more outgoing. “As teenagers, we should not always keep our eyes on our books,” said Zhang Xuan, my deskmate, “I am now in an English play club. I can both practise my English and my acting skills in it.” In a word, it’s good for us students in all different aspects (方面) , so joining school clubs can develop ourselves in an all-round way. Why not choose a club right now and go for it? 1．Why don’t some students like to join school clubs? A．Because they think the school clubs are boring. B．Because they think they will have less time to study. C．Because they think it may cost a lot of money. D．Because they think their parents are not happy. 2．What can we get from school clubs? A．We can have colourful school lives. B．We can learn English more easily. C．We can learn things from the books. D．We can play games with friends. 3．Li Hong ________ after joining the club. A．works on her subjects harder B．likes to read more books C．becomes better at English D．becomes more active and outgoing 4．What’s the meaning of the underlined word in the last paragraph? A．完全的 B．圆圆的 C．全方位的 D．四面八方的 5．What’s the topic of this writing? A．Making friends B．learning English C．Joining school clubs D．Doing part-time jobs 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了学生加入学校俱乐部的好处。 1．细节理解题。从第一段第一句“Now, some students and their parents don’t like the idea of joining school clubs because they think it may take too much of their study time.”可知，他们认为这要花太多的学习时间。故选B。 2．细节理解题。从第二段第二句“They can make our school lives more interesting and colourful.”可知，他们可以使我们的学校生活更加有趣和丰富多彩。故选A。 3．细节理解题。从第三段第二句“But after joining the club, she works hard to make herself better by helping others in study and planning activities.”可知，加入俱乐部后，她努力工作，帮助别人学习和策划活动，使自己变得更好。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据第四段第一句“In a word, it’s good for us students in all different aspects.”可知，对我们学生在各个方面都有好处，所以划线意思应该是“全方位的”。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍学校俱乐部给我们带来的好处，号召大家参加学校的俱乐部活动。故选C。 10 Friends are important in our life, because no one wants to be lonely. However, some people have difficulty in making friends and they often feel lonely. Do you also feel in that way? What’s the reason behind that? According to a new study from Chicago University, the reason is that you have a brain difference from common people. And you often feel unsafe when facing strangers. Does that mean you have no way to become happy again? Don’t worry. Scientists of this study have thought up ways to help you deal with your loneliness. They provided four steps for getting out of loneliness. The first step is to accept social invitations (邀请) although you don’t want to go. “It’s not enough for people just to get in touch with others online. That’s because most people don’t show their true selves there,” said Dr. Cacioppo, one of this study’s scientists. Another step is to make an action plan. As “Actions speak louder than words”, you need to be active to communicate (交流) with others. You also need to meet people with the same interests. Also, you should be positive (积极的) , and always think the best from each activity. After all, “tomorrow is another day”. Who knows what good things are waiting for us? 1．According to the new study, people find it hard to make friends because ________. A．they like to be alone B．their brains are different C．people around them are mean D．they always have strange ideas 2．What’s the main idea of the 3rd paragraph? A．Ways to stop feeling lonely. B．Importance of socializing. C．Reasons for people to feel lonely. D．Actions speak louder than words. 3．What can we learn from this passage? A．We must take the first step to talk with others. B．We can only meet people with the same interests. C．It’s really difficult for us to get out of loneliness. D．It’s better for us to get in touch with people in real life. 4．Who might the writer write this passage for? A．People who are good at making friends. B．People who have trouble in making friends. C．Students who are going to a new school. D．Scientists who study friendship among people. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了摆脱孤独的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“Do you also feel in that way? What’s the reason behind that? According to a new study from Chicago University, the reason is that you have a brain difference from common people. ”可知，研究发现，很难交朋友的原因是，大脑和常人不同。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据“They provided four steps for getting out of loneliness.”及“The first step…Another step…”可知，文章第三段主要介绍了摆脱孤独的方法。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“It’s not enough for people just to get in touch with others online. That’s because most people don’t show their true selves there”可知，网络上的人大多不展示真实的自己，所以多和现实生活中的人接触更好。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“However, some people have difficulty in making friends and they often feel lonely. ”可知，本文主要是写给交朋友有困难的人的。故选B。 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$