专题03 阅读理解【题型易-必考题型精练】期中考前梯度特训（广州专用）2026-2027学年沪教版英语九年级上册

考前特训 专题03 阅读理解 期中考满分冲刺（广州专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 阅读理解是广州卷分值最高的题型，考查获取信息、推理判断、揣摩词义与概括主旨的综合能力。广州卷的阅读通常为“三篇选择 + 一篇应用文（海报/通知）”，每小题四个选项，近年明显加重了对“作者意图”“写作目的”“篇章结构”的考查，纯细节题比重有所下降。 本次特训共收录 8 篇短文、30 道小题，体裁含记叙文、说明文、议论文与应用文（讲座海报），话题包括科学家的怪癖（特斯拉与爱因斯坦）、青少年隐私与亲子沟通、钱学森的求学历程、探险内涵的变迁、深海开采之争、搬家体验、手机依赖以及青少年心理健康讲座，与沪教版九年级上册“科学探索”“成长困惑”两个主题群紧密呼应。 二、命题特点 （1）细节题占比最高，但答案多为“同义转述”而非原文照抄：特斯拉一篇第 1 题问“他如何记忆”，原文是 used picture thinking，正确项转述为 By thinking in pictures。 （2）推理题重“依据＋推断”两步：第 2 题比较特斯拉与爱因斯坦的共同点，须由两个人物段落中“行为方式异于常人”的描述归纳出 They both thought and acted in unusual ways。 （3）主旨题忌以偏概全：第 3 题问作者主要想告诉我们什么，须统揽全文“伟大科学家的奇特之处”，而非只抓某一段。 （4）应用文（讲座海报）成固定一篇：第 1–4 题分别考“什么人会参加”“专家的建议是什么”“从文中能得知什么”“选自杂志哪个栏目”，考查信息检索与文体判断。 （5）干扰项手法集中：偷换概念、扩大范围、无中生有、因果倒置四类，尤其喜欢把原文的 some/may 改成 all/must。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 30 题梳理） （1）细节理解题（约 15 题）：占半数，考查原文信息的定位与转述识别。 （2）推理判断题（约 8 题）：由字面推出言外之意，如“作者对某事的态度”。 （3）词义猜测题（约 3 题）：依据上下文或构词法推断画线词。 （4）主旨大意题（约 2 题）：概括段落或全文中心。 （5）标题归纳题（约 2 题）：为文章选最贴切标题。 一、四步解题法 第一步：先读题干、圈关键词（人名、数字、大写词、专有名词），再带着问题读文。 第二步：回原文精确定位，把题干关键词与原文句逐个对齐，划出依据句。 第三步：将四个选项逐一与依据句比对，重点看“范围词”（all/some/most）与“程度词”（must/may）。 第四步：主旨题与标题题最后做，用“是否覆盖全文”而非“是否说得对”来筛选。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】推理判断——以 Passage 1 题 1 为例：题干问“谁最可能参加这个讲座”。海报正文写道“to help your kids through this difficult time, you’re invited to take part in a lecture…”，其中 your kids（“你们的孩子”）表明受邀与会的对象是孩子的家长；文末“Advice for your kids”也只是请家长转告孩子的建议，并非对孩子发出的通知。据此推断参加者应为家长，故选 B（Parents）。 【点拨2】细节理解——以 Passage 2 题 2 为例：原文写道“My sister hung up the curtains in the new living room and watered the p…”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 D。 【点拨3】主旨大意——以 Passage 3 题 3 为例：原文写道“A family can set clear rules and still respect every member.”。该题考查对段落或全文中心思想的概括，据此可确定答案为 C。 【点拨4】细节理解——以 Passage 4 题 1 为例：原文写道“While inventing it, Tesla was good at keeping things in mind, because h…”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 D。 【点拨5】细节理解——以 Passage 5 题 1 为例：原文写道“Smartphones offer quick and easy ways for keeping information.”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 C。 【点拨6】细节理解——以 Passage 6 题 2 为例：原文写道“For centuries, explorers were adventurers who sailed to unknown lands o…”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 B。 【点拨7】细节理解——以 Passage 7 题 3 为例：原文写道“This means we should first focus on studying and mapping the ocean, creating protected areas where mining is not allowed.”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 A。 【点拨8】细节理解——以 Passage 8 题 4 为例：原文写道“He passed away on October 31, 2009 at the age of 98, but his history st…”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 A。 三、易错提醒 • 忌“用常识代替原文”：越是熟悉的科普话题，越容易凭背景知识选错。 • 忌“偷换概念”：选项把 Tesla 的做法套到 Einstein 身上，是常见干扰手法。 • 忌“过度推断”：原文说 may cause，选项说 will certainly cause，即越界。 • 忌“应用文当记叙文读”：海报/通知要从“时间、地点、对象、目的”四要素抓取信息。 Passage 1 Expert Talk: Teen Mental Health A lecture is waiting for you! A recent report from Jiefang Daily says that about 18% of Shanghai teenagers have mental problems. Their troubles include being worried and unhappy. The main reason is that they have problems learning and getting on with people. This month, to help your kids through this difficult time, you’re invited to take part in a lecture given by Liang Yuezhu, an expert from Beijing Anding Hospital. The lecture is about how to solve your kids’ mental problems. Hope you’ll come! Advice for your kids: Talk to parents or teachers. Take part in group activities and play sports. Go to see a doctor if you feel unhappy. No good solutions? Need more advice? We’re here to help you! Please visit  https:// www.oncare.net for more information about the lecture. Time: Jan.27th—Feb.3rd on weekdays: 7:00 p.m.—8:00 p.m. on weekends: 9:00 a.m.—11:00 a.m. Place: Classroom 302, Beijing Huiwen Middle School Fee: free You can get a magazine for free if you are one of the first 20 to sign up. 1．Who will most probably attend the lecture? A．Children. B．Parents. C．Teachers. D．Doctors. 2．What might be Liang’s advice for kids with mental problems? A．Ask for help online. B．Keep a diary. C．Play basketball with friends. D．Listen to some music alone. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．The lecture will last for 2 hours every day in January. B．You can get a magazine for free if you are the second to sign up. C．An expert in adult mental health from Beijing will give the lecture. D．The purpose of the lecture is to help solve students’learning problems. 4．Which part of a magazine is the text most probably taken from? A．Art. B．Sports. C．Health. D．History. Passage 2 Moving to a new home is exciting, but it also means a lot of work. Last weekend, our family moved to a new apartment. During the move, everyone had different chores to do. My dad packed up all the heavy boxes and carried them to the truck. My mum cleaned the old apartment from top to bottom — she swept the floor, cleaned the windows, and took out all the rubbish. My sister hung up the curtains in the new living room and watered the plants on the balcony. I was responsible for cleaning the bathroom and feeding the fish in our new home. “Could you please help me fold the clothes?” Mum asked my sister. “Yes, sure!” she answered. Then Mum turned to me, “Can you make the bed in your bedroom?” “Of course, I can,” I said. After a long day of work, our new home finally looked clean and tidy. We sat in the living room together, tired but happy. Dad smiled and said, “East or west, home is best.” We all nodded. It felt wonderful to have a sweet home together. 1．What did the writer’s dad do during the move? A．He cleaned the bathroom. B．He packed up the heavy boxes. C．He swept the floor. D．He fed the fish. 2．Who hung up the curtains in the new home? A．The writer. B．The writer’s dad. C．The writer’s mum. D．The writer’s sister. 3．What did Mum ask the writer to do? A．Fold the clothes. B．Take out the rubbish. C．Make the bed. D．Clean the windows. 4．What does “East or west, home is best” mean? A．East is better than west. B．The new home is in the east. C．Home is the best place no matter where it is. D．Moving is always a good idea. Passage 3 Many teenagers say they want more privacy, while their parents say they worry about them. These two ideas do not always have to fight with each other. A family can set clear rules and still respect every member. For example, a parent may ask a child to tell the family where he or she is going. This is not always because the parent wants to control the child. It may be because the parent wants to make sure the child is safe. At the same time, parents should knock before entering a teenager’s room and should not read private messages without a good reason. Good communication is the key. Teenagers can explain why they need some quiet time, and parents can explain what they are worried about. Both sides should speak calmly and listen carefully. If a disagreement appears, they can take a short break and talk again later. They do not have to win an argument. They need to find a decision that both sides can accept. Respect is not a one-way street. When family members respect one another, home becomes a place where everyone feels safe, trusted and supported. 1．Why may a parent ask a child where he or she is going? A．To make sure the child is safe. B．To read the child’s messages. C．To stop the child having friends. D．To make the child stay at home. 2．What should parents do before entering a teenager’s room? A．Turn on the light. B．Ask the teenager to leave. C．Knock on the door. D．Read the private messages. 3．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Teenagers should never disagree with parents. B．Parents should make all the rules at home. C．Good communication and mutual respect can improve family life. D．Privacy is more important than family safety. Passage 4 The greatest scientists were famous not only for their discoveries, but also for their interesting lives. Having a special, uncommon mind often goes hand in hand with unusual acts. Nikola Tesla is known for many inventions. One is the alternating current electricity (交流电). While inventing it, Tesla was good at keeping things in mind, because he used picture thinking and imagined every step in his mind without using a pencil. Tesla said he wanted to do it because of his mother, who invented small electrical machines when he was a child. In his later years, Tesla had many strange habits. He slept only two hours every night and had supper at exactly 8:10 p.m. After dinner, he’d often work until 3 a.m. Before bed, Tesla curled (卷曲) each foot 100 times, saying it was good for his brain. Another scientist encouraged by his mother was Albert Einstein, though what he got from his mother was a love of music. In fact, Einstein often played music on the piano and the violin to help him think. Einstein’s achievements include the most famous equation (方程式) E=mc2 and his theory of relativity (相对论). However, thanks to his wild hair, he was also well-known for the looks of a “mad scientist” and you can tell that he had some interesting personalities (个性). For example, he had a strong dislike of wearing socks. And Einstein was so shy as a boy that he couldn’t speak until he was three. Sometimes, the smartest of us are also the strangest. That quiet child in the corner may be the next Tesla or Einstein one day. 1．How did Tesla remember things? A．By drawing mind-maps. B．By reading aloud. C．By taking things down. D．By thinking in pictures. 2．What did Tesla and Einstein have in common? A．They both thought and acted in unusual ways. B．They both had great inventions of the electricity. C．They both played the piano well for better working. D．They both took up inventing because of their mothers. 3．What does the writer mainly want to tell us about? A．The inventions of great people in the world. B．The living habits of common people around us C．The two great mothers of Tesla and Einstein. D．The special things about well-known scientists. Passage 5 When was the last time that you dialed (拨) a phone number from memory? It probably depends on how long you’ve used technology like a cellphone. It seems that teenagers have never had to remember any telephone numbers. Smartphones offer quick and easy ways for keeping information. There is no need to memorize anything. But this isn’t without bad results. As smartphones develop more and more, users’ heavily depending on them may cause terrible results. “Digital dementia (数字痴呆)” is the words used by experts to describe some of these results. Some doctors like Jim, an expert in memory improvement, are taking a closer look at this result. Jim describes digital dementia like this. “…we’re offering our brains to our smart devices.” He continues, “We’re depending on our smartphones so heavily that our smartphones are making us stupid.” As medical studies show the drop in memory and learning skills among smartphone users, a connection is made between symptoms (症状) which are connected with dementia. The seriousness of overuse becomes clear when you consider just how young smartphone users are becoming. Writer and speaker Simon points out that smartphone screens and sounds lead to addiction (成瘾). Young kids cannot deal with the problems. So now parents and teachers should try to deal with the young people with this kind of addiction. In fact, smartphones aren’t all bad. They’re really easy to use, and the connectivity (连接性) they create cannot be thought wrong. The key is finding out how to make a balance between usage and uselessness. We should control our cellphone use, making sure when and where we can use cellphones. 1．It’s unnecessary to memorize information on our own because of ________. A．numbers B．overuse C．smartphones D．diseases 2．What may happen if we heavily depend on smartphones according to medical studies? A．Memory will drop. B．Learning skills will improve. C．Kids will be cleverer. D．Kids will become more outgoing. 3．We can learn from Paragraph 3 that ________. A．we should stop young kids from using smartphones B．we should help kids deal with the smartphone addiction C．It’s very dangerous for young kids to use smartphones D．young kids can use smartphones to study better 4．How does the writer end this passage? A．By saying that smartphones aren’t all bad. B．By saying that smartphones are very helpful. C．By advising controlling our cellphone use. D．By asking us not to use smartphones anymore. Passage 6 For centuries, explorers were adventurers who sailed to unknown lands or climbed unmapped mountains. They searched for new places, driven by curiosity and dreams of glory. Today, the map of the world is complete. Does this mean exploration is over? Not at all. The spirit of exploration is still alive, but it has changed. Modern explorers are different. They can be people from all walks of life, such as programmers, artists, teachers, or even students. Their goal is not to find new lands, but to find new understanding. The tools have changed, too. Instead of ships, explorers now use telescopes to study distant stars and powerful microscopes to see the tiny cells that make up all living things. They use technology to listen to sounds in nature that are too quiet or high for our ears and to search for knowledge in the huge amount of information on the Internet. Most importantly, what we explore has changed. The great “unknown” today is not a blank spot on a map. It is asking new questions: How do tiny cells in our bodies work? What secrets can we learn from ancient cities buried for thousands of years? How can we better understand and protect the cultures and languages that are disappearing from our world? Exploration is now about making connections and deepening our knowledge. Have you ever thought that exploration can be deeply personal? For many, the greatest adventure is the journey of self-discovery and growth. Learning a challenging new skill, overcoming a personal fear, or striving to understand one’s own emotions and purpose are all acts of modern exploration. This inward journey requires as much courage and curiosity as any voyage across an ocean. The journey of discovery is no longer just about going far away. It is about looking closely at the world around us and within us, with curiosity and care. The adventure is everywhere. 1．What is the main goal of modern explorers? A．To gain new understanding. B．To draw more detailed world maps. C．To become famous adventurers. D．To visit every country in the world. 2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of modern exploration? A．Studying faraway stars. B．Finding new mountains to climb. C．Learning how our body’s cells work. D．Understanding cultures in danger. 3．What does the author mean by saying “The adventure is everywhere” in the last paragraph? A．Dangerous activities exist in all parts of the world. B．It is now easy to travel to every corner of the globe. C．Modern tools allow us to explore any place we want. D．The spirit of exploration can be applied to any part of life. 4．How does the author organize the passage? A．By listing famous explorers from history in time order. B．By telling a personal story from the beginning to the end. C．By explaining how exploration has changed in several key aspects. D．By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of old and new tools. Passage 7 The deep ocean is Earth’s last great unknown place. With new technology, we can now reach its darkest depths. Scientists are eager to explore it for knowledge, hoping to discover new species and unlock secrets of our planet’s history, while companies see valuable minerals on the seafloor such as those needed for electric car batteries. This creates an urgent question: do we have the right to use this hidden world? There are strong reasons for exploring the deep sea and using the resources. Supporters argue that deep-sea mining causes less damage than mining on land. It doesn’t require cutting down forests or moving communities away from their homes. Moreover, minerals found on the deep ocean floor are important for green technology, helping to fight climate change. The process of exploration itself can also lead to amazing discoveries, which benefits all science. However, many others warn of serious and lasting risks. Life in the deep ocean is delicate and recovers extraordinarily slowly, sometimes over centuries. A single mining operation could destroy unique habitats and unknown creatures forever. Pollution from the mining process might travel widely, affecting areas far from the original site. Critics strongly believe that before we start using the ocean, we must first fully understand it—a task we are still very far from completing. A growing idea among scientists and policymakers is to follow a “precautionary principle”. This means we should first focus on studying and mapping the ocean, creating protected areas where mining is not allowed. If resources are to be taken later, it should only happen under the strictest international rules and with great caution. The ocean floor must not become a new wild place where everyone just takes what they want. As those responsible for Earth’s future, we must approach this great unknown not only with excitement for discovery but also with great care, respect, and a sense of duty to preserve its wonders. 1．Why do some people support deep-sea mining? A．They are sure it will find new sources of energy. B．They argue it provides people the most minerals. C．They think it causes less harm to people and the environment. D．They believe it is perfectly safe and has been well understood. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．the mining process. B．the deep ocean. C．the pollution. D．the task. 3．What does the “precautionary principle” suggest? A．Protecting the ocean before using it. B．Starting mining before resources run out. C．Using resources first and studying effects later. D．Sharing the ocean floor equally among all countries. 4．What is this passage mainly about? A．To tell the importance of deep-sea mining. B．To advertise deep-sea mining technologies. C．To describe some means of deep-sea exploration. D．To show different opinions of deep-sea exploration. Passage 8 Qian Xuesen was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on December 11,1911. In 1929, Qian placed third in the national college entrance examination and got a chance to attend Shanghai Jiao Tong University. There, he received a degree in mechanical engineering with an emphasis on railroad administration. In 1932, Shanghai was bombed and invaded by Japan. Qian graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934, and the following year he left China for graduate study in the US. In an age before computers, Qian’s ability to quickly perform complex calculations attracted a group of rocket scientists at California Institute of Technology. Qian joined them and received his PhD．degree in both aerospace and mathematics three years later. After he graduated, he became a professor as well as a researcher who studied rockets and missile (导弹) theories. In 1949, when the news of the birth of the People’s Republic of China came to the United States, Qian Xuesen and his wife decided to return to China. In 1950, when they were ready to return home, they were stopped by US officials and sent to prison. With the help of Chinese government and his friends, he finally returned home. When he returned to China in 1955, our country’s space research was almost deserted. In 1956, he set up the first research institute of rockets and missile. And he personally trained the first generation of China’s aerospace engineers. He was a pioneer and was honored as “The father of China’s missile”. He is the pride of the Chinese people. He made important contributions to the missile and space programs in China. He passed away on October 31, 2009 at the age of 98, but his history still encouraged Chinese youth. His devotion to our country was expressed in his saying, “My career is in China, my success is in China and my destination is in China!” When someone said he could make much more money if he stayed in the United States, he laughed and said, “My family name is Qian, but I don’t like Qian.” 1．In what order did the following things about Qian Xuesen take place? a. He travelled to the United States. b. He received a degree in mechanical engineering. c. He set up the first research institute of rockets and missile in his homeland. d. He was stopped by US officials and sent to prison. e. he studied rockets with a group of scientists in the university. A．a-b-e-d-c B．b-a-e-d-c C．e-b-a-d-c D．a-e-b-d-c 2．What does the underlined word “deserted” in the fourth paragraph probably mean? A．Hard. B．Common. C．Completed. D．Blank. 3．Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage? A．Qian started studying rockets at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. B．Qian could complete complex calculations faster than computers. C．Qian and his wife met great difficulties when returning to China. D．Qian created the first research institute of rockets and missile the year he returned to China. 4．What can we NOT learn about Qian Xuesen from the last paragraph? A．He used to encourage Chinese youth. B．He had a strong love for his motherland. C．He placed national interest ahead of personal gain. D．Money mattered little to him. 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前特训 专题03 阅读理解 期中考满分冲刺（广州专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 阅读理解是广州卷分值最高的题型，考查获取信息、推理判断、揣摩词义与概括主旨的综合能力。广州卷的阅读通常为“三篇选择 + 一篇应用文（海报/通知）”，每小题四个选项，近年明显加重了对“作者意图”“写作目的”“篇章结构”的考查，纯细节题比重有所下降。 本次特训共收录 8 篇短文、30 道小题，体裁含记叙文、说明文、议论文与应用文（讲座海报），话题包括科学家的怪癖（特斯拉与爱因斯坦）、青少年隐私与亲子沟通、钱学森的求学历程、探险内涵的变迁、深海开采之争、搬家体验、手机依赖以及青少年心理健康讲座，与沪教版九年级上册“科学探索”“成长困惑”两个主题群紧密呼应。 二、命题特点 （1）细节题占比最高，但答案多为“同义转述”而非原文照抄：特斯拉一篇第 1 题问“他如何记忆”，原文是 used picture thinking，正确项转述为 By thinking in pictures。 （2）推理题重“依据＋推断”两步：第 2 题比较特斯拉与爱因斯坦的共同点，须由两个人物段落中“行为方式异于常人”的描述归纳出 They both thought and acted in unusual ways。 （3）主旨题忌以偏概全：第 3 题问作者主要想告诉我们什么，须统揽全文“伟大科学家的奇特之处”，而非只抓某一段。 （4）应用文（讲座海报）成固定一篇：第 1–4 题分别考“什么人会参加”“专家的建议是什么”“从文中能得知什么”“选自杂志哪个栏目”，考查信息检索与文体判断。 （5）干扰项手法集中：偷换概念、扩大范围、无中生有、因果倒置四类，尤其喜欢把原文的 some/may 改成 all/must。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 30 题梳理） （1）细节理解题（约 15 题）：占半数，考查原文信息的定位与转述识别。 （2）推理判断题（约 8 题）：由字面推出言外之意，如“作者对某事的态度”。 （3）词义猜测题（约 3 题）：依据上下文或构词法推断画线词。 （4）主旨大意题（约 2 题）：概括段落或全文中心。 （5）标题归纳题（约 2 题）：为文章选最贴切标题。 一、四步解题法 第一步：先读题干、圈关键词（人名、数字、大写词、专有名词），再带着问题读文。 第二步：回原文精确定位，把题干关键词与原文句逐个对齐，划出依据句。 第三步：将四个选项逐一与依据句比对，重点看“范围词”（all/some/most）与“程度词”（must/may）。 第四步：主旨题与标题题最后做，用“是否覆盖全文”而非“是否说得对”来筛选。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】推理判断——以 Passage 1 题 1 为例：题干问“谁最可能参加这个讲座”。海报正文写道“to help your kids through this difficult time, you’re invited to take part in a lecture…”，其中 your kids（“你们的孩子”）表明受邀与会的对象是孩子的家长；文末“Advice for your kids”也只是请家长转告孩子的建议，并非对孩子发出的通知。据此推断参加者应为家长，故选 B（Parents）。 【点拨2】细节理解——以 Passage 2 题 2 为例：原文写道“My sister hung up the curtains in the new living room and watered the p…”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 D。 【点拨3】主旨大意——以 Passage 3 题 3 为例：原文写道“A family can set clear rules and still respect every member.”。该题考查对段落或全文中心思想的概括，据此可确定答案为 C。 【点拨4】细节理解——以 Passage 4 题 1 为例：原文写道“While inventing it, Tesla was good at keeping things in mind, because h…”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 D。 【点拨5】细节理解——以 Passage 5 题 1 为例：原文写道“Smartphones offer quick and easy ways for keeping information.”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 C。 【点拨6】细节理解——以 Passage 6 题 2 为例：原文写道“For centuries, explorers were adventurers who sailed to unknown lands o…”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 B。 【点拨7】细节理解——以 Passage 7 题 3 为例：原文写道“This means we should first focus on studying and mapping the ocean, creating protected areas where mining is not allowed.”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 A。 【点拨8】细节理解——以 Passage 8 题 4 为例：原文写道“He passed away on October 31, 2009 at the age of 98, but his history st…”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 A。 三、易错提醒 • 忌“用常识代替原文”：越是熟悉的科普话题，越容易凭背景知识选错。 • 忌“偷换概念”：选项把 Tesla 的做法套到 Einstein 身上，是常见干扰手法。 • 忌“过度推断”：原文说 may cause，选项说 will certainly cause，即越界。 • 忌“应用文当记叙文读”：海报/通知要从“时间、地点、对象、目的”四要素抓取信息。 Passage 1 Expert Talk: Teen Mental Health A lecture is waiting for you! A recent report from Jiefang Daily says that about 18% of Shanghai teenagers have mental problems. Their troubles include being worried and unhappy. The main reason is that they have problems learning and getting on with people. This month, to help your kids through this difficult time, you’re invited to take part in a lecture given by Liang Yuezhu, an expert from Beijing Anding Hospital. The lecture is about how to solve your kids’ mental problems. Hope you’ll come! Advice for your kids: Talk to parents or teachers. Take part in group activities and play sports. Go to see a doctor if you feel unhappy. No good solutions? Need more advice? We’re here to help you! Please visit  https:// www.oncare.net for more information about the lecture. Time: Jan.27th—Feb.3rd on weekdays: 7:00 p.m.—8:00 p.m. on weekends: 9:00 a.m.—11:00 a.m. Place: Classroom 302, Beijing Huiwen Middle School Fee: free You can get a magazine for free if you are one of the first 20 to sign up. 1．Who will most probably attend the lecture? A．Children. B．Parents. C．Teachers. D．Doctors. 2．What might be Liang’s advice for kids with mental problems? A．Ask for help online. B．Keep a diary. C．Play basketball with friends. D．Listen to some music alone. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．The lecture will last for 2 hours every day in January. B．You can get a magazine for free if you are the second to sign up. C．An expert in adult mental health from Beijing will give the lecture. D．The purpose of the lecture is to help solve students’learning problems. 4．Which part of a magazine is the text most probably taken from? A．Art. B．Sports. C．Health. D．History. 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一则讲座通知，介绍青少年心理健康讲座的背景、主讲人、时间地点、相关建议与福利信息。 【详解】1．文中“to help your kids through this difficult time, you’re invited to take part in a lecture”，句中your kids表明受众是家长，家长来参加讲座帮助孩子。 2．文中给出的建议包含“Take part in group activities and play sports.”，和朋友打篮球属于集体运动，符合专家建议。 3．原文“You can get a magazine for free if you are one of the first 20 to sign up.”，第二名属于前20名，可免费获得杂志。A错：工作日讲座是1小时；C错：是青少年心理专家而非成人心理健康专家；D错，讲座目的是解决孩子心理问题，不是学习问题。 4．本文围绕青少年心理健康讲座，应属于杂志的健康板块。 Passage 2 Moving to a new home is exciting, but it also means a lot of work. Last weekend, our family moved to a new apartment. During the move, everyone had different chores to do. My dad packed up all the heavy boxes and carried them to the truck. My mum cleaned the old apartment from top to bottom — she swept the floor, cleaned the windows, and took out all the rubbish. My sister hung up the curtains in the new living room and watered the plants on the balcony. I was responsible for cleaning the bathroom and feeding the fish in our new home. “Could you please help me fold the clothes?” Mum asked my sister. “Yes, sure!” she answered. Then Mum turned to me, “Can you make the bed in your bedroom?” “Of course, I can,” I said. After a long day of work, our new home finally looked clean and tidy. We sat in the living room together, tired but happy. Dad smiled and said, “East or west, home is best.” We all nodded. It felt wonderful to have a sweet home together. 1．What did the writer’s dad do during the move? A．He cleaned the bathroom. B．He packed up the heavy boxes. C．He swept the floor. D．He fed the fish. 2．Who hung up the curtains in the new home? A．The writer. B．The writer’s dad. C．The writer’s mum. D．The writer’s sister. 3．What did Mum ask the writer to do? A．Fold the clothes. B．Take out the rubbish. C．Make the bed. D．Clean the windows. 4．What does “East or west, home is best” mean? A．East is better than west. B．The new home is in the east. C．Home is the best place no matter where it is. D．Moving is always a good idea. 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文讲述一家人搬迁到新公寓，每个人分工完成不同家务，虽然劳累但是内心充实，体会到家永远是最好的地方。 【详解】1．根据第一段第四句“My dad packed up all the heavy boxes and carried them to the truck.”可知，爸爸搬家期间打包了重箱子。 2．根据第一段第六句“My sister hung up the curtains in the new living room...”可知，是作者的姐妹挂的窗帘。 3．根据第二段第三句“Then Mum turned to me, ‘Can you make the bed in your bedroom?’”可知，妈妈让作者铺床。 4．“East or west, home is best”是一句英语谚语，字面意思是“无论东方还是西方，家是最好的”。结合上下文家人虽然劳累但幸福地坐在一起，可知这句话意为无论家在哪里，家都是最好的地方。 Passage 3 Many teenagers say they want more privacy, while their parents say they worry about them. These two ideas do not always have to fight with each other. A family can set clear rules and still respect every member. For example, a parent may ask a child to tell the family where he or she is going. This is not always because the parent wants to control the child. It may be because the parent wants to make sure the child is safe. At the same time, parents should knock before entering a teenager’s room and should not read private messages without a good reason. Good communication is the key. Teenagers can explain why they need some quiet time, and parents can explain what they are worried about. Both sides should speak calmly and listen carefully. If a disagreement appears, they can take a short break and talk again later. They do not have to win an argument. They need to find a decision that both sides can accept. Respect is not a one-way street. When family members respect one another, home becomes a place where everyone feels safe, trusted and supported. 1．Why may a parent ask a child where he or she is going? A．To make sure the child is safe. B．To read the child’s messages. C．To stop the child having friends. D．To make the child stay at home. 2．What should parents do before entering a teenager’s room? A．Turn on the light. B．Ask the teenager to leave. C．Knock on the door. D．Read the private messages. 3．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Teenagers should never disagree with parents. B．Parents should make all the rules at home. C．Good communication and mutual respect can improve family life. D．Privacy is more important than family safety. 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要围绕青少年隐私与父母担忧之间的矛盾展开，探讨了通过建立规则、良好沟通和相互尊重来实现家庭和睦的核心观点。 【详解】1．根据文章第二段第三句“It may be because the parent wants to make sure the child is safe.”可推知父母询问孩子去向是为了确保孩子的安全。 2．根据文章第二段最后一句“parents should knock before entering a teenager’s room”可推知父母进入青少年房间前应该敲门。 3．根据文章第一段第三句“A family can set clear rules and still respect every member.”及第三段第一句“Good communication is the key.”可推知文章强调良好沟通和相互尊重能改善家庭生活。 Passage 4 The greatest scientists were famous not only for their discoveries, but also for their interesting lives. Having a special, uncommon mind often goes hand in hand with unusual acts. Nikola Tesla is known for many inventions. One is the alternating current electricity (交流电). While inventing it, Tesla was good at keeping things in mind, because he used picture thinking and imagined every step in his mind without using a pencil. Tesla said he wanted to do it because of his mother, who invented small electrical machines when he was a child. In his later years, Tesla had many strange habits. He slept only two hours every night and had supper at exactly 8:10 p.m. After dinner, he’d often work until 3 a.m. Before bed, Tesla curled (卷曲) each foot 100 times, saying it was good for his brain. Another scientist encouraged by his mother was Albert Einstein, though what he got from his mother was a love of music. In fact, Einstein often played music on the piano and the violin to help him think. Einstein’s achievements include the most famous equation (方程式) E=mc2 and his theory of relativity (相对论). However, thanks to his wild hair, he was also well-known for the looks of a “mad scientist” and you can tell that he had some interesting personalities (个性). For example, he had a strong dislike of wearing socks. And Einstein was so shy as a boy that he couldn’t speak until he was three. Sometimes, the smartest of us are also the strangest. That quiet child in the corner may be the next Tesla or Einstein one day. 1．How did Tesla remember things? A．By drawing mind-maps. B．By reading aloud. C．By taking things down. D．By thinking in pictures. 2．What did Tesla and Einstein have in common? A．They both thought and acted in unusual ways. B．They both had great inventions of the electricity. C．They both played the piano well for better working. D．They both took up inventing because of their mothers. 3．What does the writer mainly want to tell us about? A．The inventions of great people in the world. B．The living habits of common people around us C．The two great mothers of Tesla and Einstein. D．The special things about well-known scientists. 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文介绍了尼古拉・特斯拉和阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦两位伟大科学家有趣、与众不同的生活习惯与性格特点，告诉我们顶尖聪慧的人常常有着独特的思维和行为方式。 【详解】1．根据文章第二段“Tesla was good at keeping things in mind, because he used picture thinking and imagined every step in his mind without using a pencil.”可推知特斯拉擅长记忆是因为他使用图像思维，即在脑海中想象每一步。 2．根据文章第一段“Having a special, uncommon mind often goes hand in hand with unusual acts.”及最后一段“Sometimes, the smartest of us are also the strangest.”可推知两位科学家不仅思维独特，行为举止也不同寻常。 3．根据文章第一段“The greatest scientists were famous not only for their discoveries, but also for their interesting lives.”及全文内容可推知文章主要围绕著名科学家生活中特殊、有趣的一面展开，而非单纯介绍发明或母亲。 Passage 5 When was the last time that you dialed (拨) a phone number from memory? It probably depends on how long you’ve used technology like a cellphone. It seems that teenagers have never had to remember any telephone numbers. Smartphones offer quick and easy ways for keeping information. There is no need to memorize anything. But this isn’t without bad results. As smartphones develop more and more, users’ heavily depending on them may cause terrible results. “Digital dementia (数字痴呆)” is the words used by experts to describe some of these results. Some doctors like Jim, an expert in memory improvement, are taking a closer look at this result. Jim describes digital dementia like this. “…we’re offering our brains to our smart devices.” He continues, “We’re depending on our smartphones so heavily that our smartphones are making us stupid.” As medical studies show the drop in memory and learning skills among smartphone users, a connection is made between symptoms (症状) which are connected with dementia. The seriousness of overuse becomes clear when you consider just how young smartphone users are becoming. Writer and speaker Simon points out that smartphone screens and sounds lead to addiction (成瘾). Young kids cannot deal with the problems. So now parents and teachers should try to deal with the young people with this kind of addiction. In fact, smartphones aren’t all bad. They’re really easy to use, and the connectivity (连接性) they create cannot be thought wrong. The key is finding out how to make a balance between usage and uselessness. We should control our cellphone use, making sure when and where we can use cellphones. 1．It’s unnecessary to memorize information on our own because of ________. A．numbers B．overuse C．smartphones D．diseases 2．What may happen if we heavily depend on smartphones according to medical studies? A．Memory will drop. B．Learning skills will improve. C．Kids will be cleverer. D．Kids will become more outgoing. 3．We can learn from Paragraph 3 that ________. A．we should stop young kids from using smartphones B．we should help kids deal with the smartphone addiction C．It’s very dangerous for young kids to use smartphones D．young kids can use smartphones to study better 4．How does the writer end this passage? A．By saying that smartphones aren’t all bad. B．By saying that smartphones are very helpful. C．By advising controlling our cellphone use. D．By asking us not to use smartphones anymore. 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了过度依赖智能手机带来的负面影响，如“数字痴呆”和成瘾现象，并提出应平衡使用手机的建议。 【详解】1．根据第一段“Smartphones offer quick and easy ways for keeping information. There is no need to memorize anything.”可推知智能手机提供了存储信息的便捷方式，使得人们无需自己记忆信息。 2．根据第二段“As medical studies show the drop in memory and learning skills among smartphone users”可推知医学研究表明过度依赖智能手机会导致记忆力下降。 3．根据第三段“So now parents and teachers should try to deal with the young people with this kind of addiction.”可推知我们应该帮助孩子应对智能手机成瘾问题。 4．根据最后一段“We should control our cellphone use, making sure when and where we can use cellphones.”可推知作者通过建议控制手机使用来结束文章。 Passage 6 For centuries, explorers were adventurers who sailed to unknown lands or climbed unmapped mountains. They searched for new places, driven by curiosity and dreams of glory. Today, the map of the world is complete. Does this mean exploration is over? Not at all. The spirit of exploration is still alive, but it has changed. Modern explorers are different. They can be people from all walks of life, such as programmers, artists, teachers, or even students. Their goal is not to find new lands, but to find new understanding. The tools have changed, too. Instead of ships, explorers now use telescopes to study distant stars and powerful microscopes to see the tiny cells that make up all living things. They use technology to listen to sounds in nature that are too quiet or high for our ears and to search for knowledge in the huge amount of information on the Internet. Most importantly, what we explore has changed. The great “unknown” today is not a blank spot on a map. It is asking new questions: How do tiny cells in our bodies work? What secrets can we learn from ancient cities buried for thousands of years? How can we better understand and protect the cultures and languages that are disappearing from our world? Exploration is now about making connections and deepening our knowledge. Have you ever thought that exploration can be deeply personal? For many, the greatest adventure is the journey of self-discovery and growth. Learning a challenging new skill, overcoming a personal fear, or striving to understand one’s own emotions and purpose are all acts of modern exploration. This inward journey requires as much courage and curiosity as any voyage across an ocean. The journey of discovery is no longer just about going far away. It is about looking closely at the world around us and within us, with curiosity and care. The adventure is everywhere. 1．What is the main goal of modern explorers? A．To gain new understanding. B．To draw more detailed world maps. C．To become famous adventurers. D．To visit every country in the world. 2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of modern exploration? A．Studying faraway stars. B．Finding new mountains to climb. C．Learning how our body’s cells work. D．Understanding cultures in danger. 3．What does the author mean by saying “The adventure is everywhere” in the last paragraph? A．Dangerous activities exist in all parts of the world. B．It is now easy to travel to every corner of the globe. C．Modern tools allow us to explore any place we want. D．The spirit of exploration can be applied to any part of life. 4．How does the author organize the passage? A．By listing famous explorers from history in time order. B．By telling a personal story from the beginning to the end. C．By explaining how exploration has changed in several key aspects. D．By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of old and new tools. 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对比了传统探险与现代探险的不同，阐述了现代探险在目标、工具、对象及个人层面的变化，强调了探索精神无处不在。 【详解】1．细节理解题。第二段最后一句点明目标：“Their goal is not to find new lands, but to find new understanding”，说明现代探险家的主要目标是获得新的理解。 2．细节理解题。第一段介绍旧时探险者的样子：“For centuries, explorers were adventurers who…climbed unmapped mountains”，说明攀登未被标注的山峰是过去探险者做的事，文中在介绍现代探索时没有提到这一项。 3．词句猜测题。最后一段画线句的前两句提到：“ The journey of discovery is no longer just about going far away. It is about looking closely at the world around us and within us, with curiosity and care”，说明探索不再只是远行，既可以探索外部世界，也可以是向内的自我探索、学习成长，可推知“The adventure is everywhere”是指探索精神可以运用在生活的各个方面。 4．篇章结构题。文章第二段写“The spirit of exploration is still alive, but it has changed”，点明探索精神已经发生改变；接着第三段写“The tools have changed, too”，说明探索工具产生了变化；第四段再写“Most importantly, what we explore has changed”，介绍探索内容的变化；第五段用“Have you ever thought that exploration can be deeply personal?”引出自我探索这一新方向，说明作者通过解释探险在几个关键方面的变化来组织篇章。 Passage 7 The deep ocean is Earth’s last great unknown place. With new technology, we can now reach its darkest depths. Scientists are eager to explore it for knowledge, hoping to discover new species and unlock secrets of our planet’s history, while companies see valuable minerals on the seafloor such as those needed for electric car batteries. This creates an urgent question: do we have the right to use this hidden world? There are strong reasons for exploring the deep sea and using the resources. Supporters argue that deep-sea mining causes less damage than mining on land. It doesn’t require cutting down forests or moving communities away from their homes. Moreover, minerals found on the deep ocean floor are important for green technology, helping to fight climate change. The process of exploration itself can also lead to amazing discoveries, which benefits all science. However, many others warn of serious and lasting risks. Life in the deep ocean is delicate and recovers extraordinarily slowly, sometimes over centuries. A single mining operation could destroy unique habitats and unknown creatures forever. Pollution from the mining process might travel widely, affecting areas far from the original site. Critics strongly believe that before we start using the ocean, we must first fully understand it—a task we are still very far from completing. A growing idea among scientists and policymakers is to follow a “precautionary principle”. This means we should first focus on studying and mapping the ocean, creating protected areas where mining is not allowed. If resources are to be taken later, it should only happen under the strictest international rules and with great caution. The ocean floor must not become a new wild place where everyone just takes what they want. As those responsible for Earth’s future, we must approach this great unknown not only with excitement for discovery but also with great care, respect, and a sense of duty to preserve its wonders. 1．Why do some people support deep-sea mining? A．They are sure it will find new sources of energy. B．They argue it provides people the most minerals. C．They think it causes less harm to people and the environment. D．They believe it is perfectly safe and has been well understood. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．the mining process. B．the deep ocean. C．the pollution. D．the task. 3．What does the “precautionary principle” suggest? A．Protecting the ocean before using it. B．Starting mining before resources run out. C．Using resources first and studying effects later. D．Sharing the ocean floor equally among all countries. 4．What is this passage mainly about? A．To tell the importance of deep-sea mining. B．To advertise deep-sea mining technologies. C．To describe some means of deep-sea exploration. D．To show different opinions of deep-sea exploration. 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文探讨了深海勘探与开采的争议，包含支持理由、潜在风险及谨慎原则，呼吁负责任地对待深海。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Supporters argue that deep-sea mining causes less damage than mining on land. It doesn’t require cutting down forests or moving communities away from their homes.”可知，支持者认为深海采矿比陆地采矿造成的破坏小，不需要砍伐森林或迁移社区，即对人类和环境危害较小。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Critics strongly believe that before we start using the ocean, we must first fully understand it”可知，批评者认为在开始使用海洋之前必须先充分了解它，此处it指代前文提到的“the ocean”。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“This means we should first focus on studying and mapping the ocean, creating protected areas where mining is not allowed.”可知，该原则意味着应先研究和保护海洋，之后才能在严格规则下开采，即在使用前先保护。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段提出是否有权使用深海的问题，第二段阐述支持观点，第三段阐述反对观点及风险，第四段提出谨慎原则，全文主要展示了关于深海勘探与开采的不同观点。 Passage 8 Qian Xuesen was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on December 11,1911. In 1929, Qian placed third in the national college entrance examination and got a chance to attend Shanghai Jiao Tong University. There, he received a degree in mechanical engineering with an emphasis on railroad administration. In 1932, Shanghai was bombed and invaded by Japan. Qian graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934, and the following year he left China for graduate study in the US. In an age before computers, Qian’s ability to quickly perform complex calculations attracted a group of rocket scientists at California Institute of Technology. Qian joined them and received his PhD．degree in both aerospace and mathematics three years later. After he graduated, he became a professor as well as a researcher who studied rockets and missile (导弹) theories. In 1949, when the news of the birth of the People’s Republic of China came to the United States, Qian Xuesen and his wife decided to return to China. In 1950, when they were ready to return home, they were stopped by US officials and sent to prison. With the help of Chinese government and his friends, he finally returned home. When he returned to China in 1955, our country’s space research was almost deserted. In 1956, he set up the first research institute of rockets and missile. And he personally trained the first generation of China’s aerospace engineers. He was a pioneer and was honored as “The father of China’s missile”. He is the pride of the Chinese people. He made important contributions to the missile and space programs in China. He passed away on October 31, 2009 at the age of 98, but his history still encouraged Chinese youth. His devotion to our country was expressed in his saying, “My career is in China, my success is in China and my destination is in China!” When someone said he could make much more money if he stayed in the United States, he laughed and said, “My family name is Qian, but I don’t like Qian.” 1．In what order did the following things about Qian Xuesen take place? a. He travelled to the United States. b. He received a degree in mechanical engineering. c. He set up the first research institute of rockets and missile in his homeland. d. He was stopped by US officials and sent to prison. e. he studied rockets with a group of scientists in the university. A．a-b-e-d-c B．b-a-e-d-c C．e-b-a-d-c D．a-e-b-d-c 2．What does the underlined word “deserted” in the fourth paragraph probably mean? A．Hard. B．Common. C．Completed. D．Blank. 3．Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage? A．Qian started studying rockets at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. B．Qian could complete complex calculations faster than computers. C．Qian and his wife met great difficulties when returning to China. D．Qian created the first research institute of rockets and missile the year he returned to China. 4．What can we NOT learn about Qian Xuesen from the last paragraph? A．He used to encourage Chinese youth. B．He had a strong love for his motherland. C．He placed national interest ahead of personal gain. D．Money mattered little to him. 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了钱学森的求学历程以及他一生所取得的成就。 【详解】1．根据第一段中“In 1929…he received a degree in mechanical engineering…”以及“…in 1934, and the following year he left China for graduate study in the US.”、第二段中“…Qian’s ability to quickly perform complex calculations attracted a group of rocket scientists at California Institute of technology.”、第三段中“In 1950, when they were ready to return home, they are stopped by US officials and sent to prison. ”以及第四段中“In 1956, he set up the first research institute of rockets and missile.”可知，关于钱学森的事情是按照b-a-e-d-c顺序发生的。 2．根据第四段第二、三句“In 1956, he set up the first research institute of rockets and missile. And he personally trained the first generation of China’s aerospace engineers.”可知，1956 年，他建立了第一所火箭和导弹研究所，并且亲自培养了中国第一代航天工程师。可推测我们国家的航天研究在那时是空白的。因此deserted的意思是“空白的”。 3．根据第三段第二句“In 1950, when they were ready to return home, they were stopped by US officials and sent to prison.”可知，钱学森和他的妻子在回国时遇到了很大的困难。 4．根据第五段第一句“He passed away on October 31, 2009 at the age of 98, but his history still encouraged Chinese youth.”可知，原文意为“他的事迹至今仍在鼓舞着中国青年”，encouraged 的主语是 his history（他的生平事迹），而非钱学森本人。A 项“他曾经鼓励中国青年”将主语偷换为钱学森本人，属于原文未提及的内容，故应排除。 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $