内容正文:
2025年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记(通用版)
专题02动词
内容导航
1. 考点聚焦
2. 考点突破
3. 复习提升
考点聚焦
考点突破
考点1 动词的基本形式
1.动词基本形式的变化规则
英语动词的五种基本形式为动词原形、过去式、第三人称单数、动词的⁃ing形式和过去分词。原形是动词最基本的形式,没有任何变化。其他形式构成规则如下:
第三人称单数:
①一般情况直接加-s
②以-s,-ch,-x,-sh,-o结尾的动词,加-es
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es
过去式:
①一般情况直接加-ed
②以不发音的-e结尾的,直接加-d
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed
④以重读闭音节结尾的(重读,且以“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”或“辅音字母+辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”结尾),双写词尾辅音字母,再加⁃ed
⑤不规则变化,参见《动词不规则变化表》
过去分词:
①规则变化与动词过去式变化规则相同
②不规则变化,参见《动词不规则变化表》
动词的-ing形式:
①一般情况直接加-ing
②以重读闭音节结尾的动词,双写词尾的辅音字母,再加-ing
③以-ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加-ing
④以不发音的⁃e结尾的动词,去e,再加-ing
2.动词基本形式的用法
(1)动词原形:用于一般现在时(第一、二人称和第三人称复数作主语)、一般将来时、助动词后面、情态动词后面、祈使句句首、to(不定式符号)后面
(2)第三人称单数:当一般现在时的主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式
(3)过去式:用于一般过去时
(4)构成完成时态和被动语态
(5)动词的-ing形式:a.构成现在进行时或过去进行时b.起名词作用,常作主语或用于固定搭配中
考点2:实义动词
实义动词是指具有完整意义,可以单独作谓语的动词,主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。实义动词按能不能直接接宾语,分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词本身意义不完整,需要在其后加宾语。不及物动词本身意义完整,其后无须接宾语,有时可以加上副词或介词,构成短语动词。
及物动词:
(1)动词+宾语
(2)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
(常见带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,lend,tell,show,pass,offer,leave,make,teach,sell)
(3)动词+宾语+宾补
(常见带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有:make,let,see,watch,hear,notice,have,help,feel)
不及物动词:
(1)主语+谓语(+状语)
(2)主语+谓语+介词+宾语
【注意】
有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如:study,open,close,read,grow,drive,play,sing等。如:
They are flying kites.
Birds can fly.
知识延伸
1.延续性动词(又称为持续性动词)表示动作是可以延续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语(since+时间点,for+时间段)连用,如teach,work,live,keep,stay,study,dance等。如:
I have learned English for nine years.
2.非延续性动词(又称为终止性动词)表示瞬间动作,动作一发生便立即结束,如buy,catch,join,go,die,lend,begin,stop,lend,borrow,arrive,reach等。非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,如果确实需要和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他的词代替。如:
The old man has been dead for six years.
考点3: 动词短语
1.定义及类型
由动词与名词、介词、副词等组成的短语,称为动词短语。
(1) 动词+介词
talk to,listen to,talk with,look through,laugh at,worry about,wait for,arrive in/at…
(2) 动词+副词:
put on,take off,give up,ring up,pick up,try on,look over,turn up,take away…
(3)动词+副词+介词:
keep away from,look forward to,come up with,run out of,look down upon/on…
(4)动词+名词+介词:
have a look at,take care of,take part in,make friends with,pay attention to…
2.常考动词、动词短语辨析
(1)与used相关的短语
短语
含义
举例
be/get used to doing sth.
习惯做某事
Amy used to read books before going to bed,but now she gets used to listening to music.
埃米过去常常在睡觉前看书,但现在她习惯了听音乐。
Umbrellas are used to prevent the rain.
雨伞是用来挡雨的。
used to do sth.
过去常常做某事
be used to do sth.
被用来做某事
(2)到达
用法
举例
get(to)+地点
get to school
get home/here/there
It was hard for him to get to/reach/arrive at school on time.
他很难按时到达学校。
When will you arrive/get/reach home?
你将什么时候到家?
reach+地点
reach school
reach home/here/there
arrive in+大地方
arrive at+小地方
arrive+地点副词
arrive in Shanghai
arrive at school
arrive there/here/home
(3)花费
词汇
含义
主语
用法
举例
spend
花费时间或金钱
人
sb.spend…on sth./sb.spend…(in)doing sth.
某人在某方面花费……
I spent 30 yuan on the book.
=I spent 30 yuan buying the book.
=The book cost me 30 yuan.
=I paid 30 yuan for the book.
我花了30元买这本书。
It took me an hour to repair the bike.
Repairing the bike took me an hour.
=I spent an hour(in)repairing the bike.
我花了一个小时修理这辆自行车。
cost
花钱
物
sth.cost sb.some money
某物花费某人金钱
pay
支付钱;赔偿
人
sb.pay some money for sth.某人为某物支付一些金钱
take
花时间
It或
Doing sth.
It takes sb.some time+to do sth.=Doing sth.takes sb.some time.某人花费时间做某事。
(4)穿着
词汇
含义及用法
搭配
举例
wear
穿着;戴着;表示状态
后接服饰
Look at the man in green!He is wearing a thick coat on such a hot day!When did he put it on?
看那个穿着绿衣服的男士!他大热天穿着一件厚厚的大衣!他什么时候穿上的?
Children like to dress up as cartoon characters.
孩子们喜欢打扮成卡通人物。
put on
穿上;表示动作
put+n./pron.+on;put on+n.
dress
穿衣服;表示帮某人穿衣服,可以表示状态,也可以表示动作
dress sb.给某人穿衣服;
dress oneself自己穿衣服;
dress up as…装扮成……
in
表示穿着某颜色的衣服
后接颜色
考点4:系动词
系动词,也称作连系动词(Linking Verb),本身有词义,但是不能单独作谓语,需要和其后面的表语连接起来才能构成谓语。
分类
含义
举例
状态系动词:be (am,is,are,was,were)
是
The cake tastes delicious.
这蛋糕尝起来很美味。
The leaves turn yellow in autumn.
树叶在秋天变黄了。
表象系动词:seem,appear
好像;似乎
持续系动词:keep,stay,remain
保持
变化系动词:get,become,grow,turn,go
变得
感官系动词:feel,sound,look,taste,smell
……起来
考点5: 助动词
助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语,必须和别的动词连用,帮助其构成各种时态、语态、否定句或疑问句。
常见的助动词
用法
举例
be (am,is,are,was,were)
构成进行时或被动语态
He was training his guide dog at that time.
那时他在训练他的导盲犬。
Will people have robots in the future?
将来人们会有机器人吗?
I haven’t used ChatGPT yet.
我还没使用过人工智能聊天机器人。
do(does,did)
构成一般现在时或一般过去时
have(has,had)
构成完成时
will(would)
构成将来时
should(shall)
表示委婉语气
考点6:情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的词义,但也要与其他动词一起构成谓语,表示说话者的态度和看法或表示可能、应该或必要等,给谓语动词增添情感色彩。
情态动词的分类
类别
举例
1.只作情态动词的词
can(could),may(might),must
2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的词
need,dare
3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的词
will(would),shall(should)
4.具有情态动词特征的词(组)
have(has,had)to,ought to,had better
常见情态动词的用法
1.would,could问句的回答,要特别注意其表示委婉语气时的答语
2.may开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答时用can或may,否定回答时用mustn’t或can’t,但通常不说may not
3.must/need开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答时用must,否定回答时用needn’t或don’t have to
4.had better没有时态变化,其中had为助动词(可与主语一起缩写成’d),可用于构成否定句或疑问句
5.need和dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。
(1)用作情态动词,主要用于否定句或疑问句;
(2)用作实义动词,可用于各种句式
复习提升
一、单项选择
1.Runyang Bridge ________ in service in 2005 and it has developed the economy between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang.
A.was B.is C.has been D.will be
2.My parents and I ________ interested in films. ________ often go to the cinema together.
A.are; They B.am; We C.are; We D.am; They
3.After lots of practice, neither Susan nor I ________ afraid of giving a speech in public now.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
4.—Samuel, which club will you choose?
—Uh... I ________ choose the dancing club. I have to ask Miss Li for advice and then decide.
A.may B.must C.can D.should
5.—Hmm, so tasty! It ________ be my mother. She loves cooking.
—No, it ________ be her. I saw her go out for shopping.
A.must; mustn’t B.must; can’t C.may; mustn’t D.may; can’t
6.She ________ for 15 years, yet she still doesn’t know what kind of man she ________.
A.has been married; has married with B.has got married; married to
C.has been married; married D.has married; has married to
7.The price of vegetables ________ so quickly these days.
A.rushes B.adds C.rises D.raises
8.—Mark’s car ________ a cloud of dust as he drove off.
—That’s why we dislike him.
A.raised B.rose C.was raised D.was raising
9.We all know that the Anti-Japanese War ________ in 1931 and ________ for fourteen years.
A.was broken out; was lasted B.was broken out; lasted
C.broke out; was lasted D.broke out; lasted
10.Go downstairs, and ________ in line on the playground as soon as possible.
A.to stand B.standing C.stand D.stands
11.—I need you to help us the birds. Amy and I got different numbers.
—OK, I’m coming.
A.count B.write C.move D.draw
12.I think the room is too small for us ________.
A.to live B.living in C.to live in D.live in
13.—I always ______ when I has finished all my work.
—So do I. It’s such a relief and makes all the effort worth it.
A.look pleasant B.feel pleased C.sound pleasure D.feel pleasantly
14.My parents and I ________ going to visit the Shanghai Disneyland this summer holiday.
A.is B.am C.are D.be
15.The idea of eating in that big restaurant _______.
A.tastes wonderful B.tastes wonderfully
C.sounds wonderful D.sounds wonderfully
16.— Your skirt ________ so special.
— Oh yes, it’s very popular these days. It’s a horse-face skirt.
A.looks B.feels C.smells D.sounds
17.—Would you like to try some cookies that Lily bought?
—Yes, please. They ________ lovely and ________ nice.
A.sound;see B.hear;turn C.look;smell D.sound;watch
18.Pizza is ready now, and it ________ nice. Would you like some?
A.smells B.feels C.sounds D./
19.At last, my mother made me ________ and I began to laugh.
A.stop crying B.stopped crying C.stop to cry D.stopped to cry
20.My dying cell phone makes me ______ for a power bank (充电宝) everywhere.
A.look B.looking C.to look D.looked
21.—When can I go out to play football, Mum?
—Finish your homework first, or I won’t let you ________.
A.to go out B.go out C.going out D.will go out
22.The chairperson warned that we ________ achieve our dreams if we didn’t work hard.
A.will B.won’t C.would D.wouldn’t
23.Not only his parents but also he ________ been to the Tibet.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
24.—________ your parents hard on you?
—Yes. I can never watch TV at home.
A.Do B.Did C.Are D.Were
25.Hello! I’m very glad to see you again. When ________ you ________ here?
A.did; arrive B.will; arrive C.have; arrived D.are; arriving
26.—________ you ________ your work, Tom?
—Sorry, but I think I can finish it in two hours.
A.Did, finish B.Will, finish C.Are, finish D.Have, finished
27.The detective promised to try his best to solve the case, ________?
A.didn’t he B.doesn’t he C.hasn’t he D.wasn’t he
28.Kitty’s dog rarely barks at people, ________?
A.does it B.doesn’t it C.has it D.hasn’t it
29.— ________ you help me carry these books? They are too heavy.
— Sure.
A.Must B.Can C.Need D.Should
30.—All of us _________ wear helmets when riding e-bikes.
—Exactly! Safety comes first.
A.need B.must C.may D.can
小语篇专练
二、语法选择
After the winter vacation, I ___1____ move to a new city with my parents. On the first day to my new school, it ___2____ cold and snowy.I ___3____ alone slowly and worrying about something in my new school. It was early and there weren't many people on the road. Suddenly, a girl who was riding a bike in the snow fell down. She was trying hard to stand up but fell again. Without ___4____, I went over to help her quickly. She ___5____ “thank you” with a smile and then left. Her smile warmed me a lot.
1. A. could B. should C. had to
2. A. is B. was C. were
3. A. was walking B. walked C. walk
4. A. thinking B. think C. thinks
5. A. said B. says C. saying
三、完形填空
When Mencius was young, he liked imitating (模仿) other people's behavior (行为). The environment could ___1____ him a lot. In order to make the boy ___2____ a good education, his mother moved their family from one place near a graveyard (墓地) to another place near a market. Then they ___3____ near a school for the third time. Mencius ___4____ famous for his politeness and talent. That was because he had a great mother. She could realize the importance of ___5____ a good educational environment for children. How great Mencius's mother was!
1. A. change B. laugh C. watch D. prevent
2. A. learn B. get C. knock D. reduce
3. A. moved B. included C. attracted D. created
4. A. appeared B. became C. kept D. turned
5. A. providing B. protecting C.performing D. spending
参考答案
一、
1.A
【详解】句意:润扬大桥在2005年投入使用,并且它促进了扬州和镇江之间的经济发展。
考查句子时态。was一般过去时;is一般现在时;has been现在完成时;will be一般将来时。根据时间状语in 2005可知,此处描述润扬大桥在过去的某个时间开始服役,应使用一般过去时。故选A。
2.C
【详解】句意:我和我的父母都对电影感兴趣。我们经常一起去看电影。
考查be动词和人称代词。are是,用于第二人称单数和所有人称复数;am是,用于第一人称单数;They他们;We我们。第一个空,根据“My parents and I”可知,主语是复数,所以be动词用are;第二个空,根据“My parents and I”可知,此处指的是“我们”,所以用We。故选C。
3.A
【详解】句意:经过多次练习后,现在苏珊和我都不会害怕在公众场合演讲了。
考查主谓一致。am是,用于主语为第一人称单数I时;is是,用于主语为第三人称单数时;are是,用于主语为复数或第二人称you时;be是动词原形。本句的主语是“neither Susan nor I”,根据“neither...nor...”连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,即与离谓语动词最近的主语保持一致,在本句中离谓语动词最近的主语是“I”,所以谓语动词应用am。故选A。
4.A
【详解】句意:——塞缪尔,你会选哪个俱乐部?——呃……我可能选舞蹈俱乐部。我得先问问李老师的建议再决定。
考查情态动词辨析。may可能;也许;must必须;一定;can能;可以;should应该。根据“have to ask Miss Li for advice and then decide”可知,塞缪尔得先问建议再决定,表明塞缪尔尚未确定选择,只是提出一种可能性。所以此处需填入表示“不确定推测”的情态动词。故选A。
5.B
【详解】句意:——嗯,太好吃了!这一定是我妈妈做的。她喜欢烹饪。——不,不可能是她。我看见她出去购物了。
考查情态动词辨析。must表示肯定的推测,意为“一定”;can’t表示否定的推测,意为“不可能”。may也许;mustn’t禁止。根据“She loves cooking”可知,第一空表示肯定的推测,用must;根据“I saw her go out for shopping”可知,第二空表示否定的推测,用can’t。故选B。
6.C
【详解】句意:她结婚15年了,但她仍然不知道自己嫁给了什么样的男人。
考查动词的用法。根据“for 15 years”可知,第一空用延续性动词,marry“结婚”对应的延续性动词为be married,排除B和D;第二空处是定语从句,先行词为“man”,表示她嫁给这个男人,marry sb意为“嫁给某人,与某人结婚”,所以空处用married作谓语。故选C。
7.C
【详解】句意:这些日子,蔬菜的价格上涨得如此快。
考查动词词义辨析。rushes冲;adds加;rises上升;raises提升。根据“The price of vegetables ”可知,应是蔬菜的价格上涨。而raise是及物动词,后接宾语。空处后无宾语,故选C。
8.A
【详解】句意:——马克开车走时,他的车扬起了一阵尘土。——这就是我们不喜欢他的原因。
考查动词以及时态。raise升起,及物动词;rise上升,不及物动词。此空后接宾语a cloud of dust,此空应填一个及物动词。根据“drove”可知,句子是一般过去时,动词用过去式,故选A。
9.D
【详解】句意:我们都知道抗日战争爆发于1931年,持续了14年。
考查时态和语态。break out爆发,不及物动词,没有被动语态;last持续,不及物动词,也没有被动语态形式,last for 后面加时间段的名词,表示动作或者状态持续的时间。根据“in 1931”,可知本句时态为一般过去时。故选D。
10.C
【详解】句意:下楼,尽快在操场上站成一行。
考查祈使句动词形式。to stand去站立,不定式;standing站着,现在分词;stand站立,原形;stands站立,第三人称单数。本句为祈使句,and前后并列两个相同形式的动词,go用原形,stand也用原形。故选C。
11.A
【详解】句意:--我需要你帮助我数数这些鸟。艾米和我数的不一样。--好的,我这就来。A. count 数数; B. write写; C. move移动; D. draw画。根据后文得到的数目不同,故选A。
12.C
【详解】句意:我认为这个房间太小了不适合我们居住。
考查非谓语动词。too…to…意为“太……而不能……”,为固定句型,live为不及物动词,介词in不能省略;故选C。
13.B
【详解】句意:——当我完成所有工作时,我总是感到高兴。——我也是。这真是一种解脱,让所有的努力都值得。
考查动词短语辨析。look pleasant看起来愉快(主语通常为物);feel pleased感到高兴(主语为人);sound pleasure表达错误(pleasure为名词,不能作表语);feel pleasantly表达错误,副词不能作表语。根据句意和语法规则,表示“感到高兴”应选用“feel pleased”。故选B。
14.C
【详解】句意:我的父母和我打算这个暑假去上海迪士尼乐园。
考查be动词。is是,主语为第三人称单数;am主语是第一人称单数;are主语是第二人称和其他人称复数;be原形。根据“My parents and I...going to”可知,主语是复数概念,此处be动词用are,构成be going to“打算”结构。故选C。
15.C
【详解】句意:在那家大餐厅吃饭的想法听起来很棒。
考查系动词辨析及用法。sound听起来;taste尝起来。系动词后接形容词作表语,所以B和D选项错误;根据“The idea”可知,想法是听起来极好的,故选C。
16.A
【详解】句意:——你的裙子看起来很特别。——哦是的,它最近非常受欢迎。它是马面裙。
考查感官动词。looks看起来;feels感觉;smells闻起来;sounds听起来。根据“skirt”以及“special”可知,裙子看起来特别,故选A。
17.C
【详解】句意:——你想尝尝莉莉买的饼干吗?——是的,请(给我一些)。它们看起来很漂亮,闻起来也很香。
考查动词词义辨析。sound听起来;see看见;hear听见;turn转动;look看起来;smell闻起来;watch观看。根据空后“lovely”和“nice”为形容词可知,此处应选系动词,结合语境可知,此处是指饼干看起来很漂亮,闻起来也很香。故选C。
18.A
【详解】句意:披萨准备好了,它闻起来好吃,你想要一些吗?
考查动词辨析。smells闻起来; feels感觉; sounds听起来。根据“Pizza is ready now”可知,披萨好了,闻起来很美味,故选A。
19.A
【详解】句意:最后,我妈妈让我停止了哭泣,我开始笑了起来。
考查使役动词make的用法和动名词作宾语。根据短语make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”可知,动词stop要保持原形,所以排除选项B和D;stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”,stop to do sth.表示“停下来去做某事”,根据“I began to laugh”可知,“我”停止哭泣,笑了起来,所以此处应用stop crying。故选A。
20.A
【详解】句意:我快没电的手机让我到处找充电宝。
考查使役动词的用法。“make sb. do sth.”,意为“使某人做某事”,后面接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。A选项“look”为动词原形,符合“make sb. do sth.”的结构,故选A。
21.B
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我什么时候可以出去踢足球?——先完成你的作业,否则我不会让你出去。
考查非谓语动词。let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”,动词短语,所以用动词原形,故选B。
22.D
【详解】句意:主席警告说,如果我们不努力工作,我们就不会实现梦想。
考查时态。根据句子可知,“we...achieve our dreams”是一个宾语从句,“if we didn’t work hard”是由if引导的条件句,表示假设。主句的动词是过去式warned,因此宾语从句的时态需与主句保持一致,使用过去时,排除A、B;另外,“不努力”会导致“无法实现梦想”,因此结果部分需用否定形式,排除C。故选D。
23.C
【详解】句意:不仅他的父母去过西藏,而且他也去过。
考查现在完成时。been是be动词的过去分词,have/has加过去分词构成现在完成时,且“not only...but also...”连接并列成分作主语要用“就近原则”,即由he决定此处用has。故选C。
24.C
【详解】句意:——你父母对你很严厉吗?——对。我永远不能在家看电视。
考查一般疑问句及时态。Do,用于实义动词前构成否定句和疑问句;Did,do的三单形式;Are是,be的复数和第二人称单数现在时形式;Were是,be的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式。be hard on sb.“对某人严厉”,固定词组,此处指现在的状态,时态为一般现在时,主语为“your parents”,所以用are。故选C。
25.A
【详解】句意:你好!我很高兴再次见到你。你什么时候到的?
考查动词时态。根据“I’m very glad to see you again”可知,已经见到了对方,说对方到达这个动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时,疑问句借助于助动词did,故选A。
26.D
【详解】句意:——汤姆,你已经完成了你的工作吗?——对不起,但我想我能在两小时内完成它。
考查动词的时态及一般疑问句。根据下文“Sorry, but I think I can finish it in two hours.”可知,是完成的动作对现在的影响,故要用完成时态。其结构是have done的形式,一般疑问句直接把have提前,finish“完成”,是动词,过去式是finished,故选D。
27.A
【详解】句意:这个侦探答应尽他最大的努力来侦破这个案子,是吗?
考查反意疑问句。根据“promised”可知此处是一般过去时,反问部分用“didn’t he”。故选A。
28.A
【详解】句意:基蒂的狗很少对人吠叫,是吗?
考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否,前否后肯”的原则。分析句子可知句子时态是一般现在时,rarely“很少”,表示否定的意义,所以句子是否定句。另外句子中有实义动词,且主语是第三人称单数,反问疑问句的助动词用does,故选A。
29.B
【详解】句意:——你能帮我搬这些书吗?他们太重了。——当然。
考查情态动词辨析。Must必须;Can能;Need需要;Should应该。根据“carry these books”和“They are too heavy”可知,题干是在请求对方提供帮助,而“Can you...”是表达此类请求的常用句型,且回答“Sure”对应肯定的回应。故选B。
30.B
【详解】句意:——骑电动自行车时,我们所有人都必须戴头盔。——正是!安全第一。
考查情态动词辨析。need需要;must必须;may可能;can可以。根据答语“Exactly! Safety comes first.”可知,此处强调骑电动车时戴头盔的必要性,这是一种规定或要求,所以要用must表示“必须”。故选B。
二、
1-5 CBAAA
三、
1-5 ABABA
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2025年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记(通用版)
专题02动词
内容导航
1. 考点聚焦
2. 考点突破
3. 复习提升
考点聚焦
考点突破
考点1 动词的基本形式
1.动词基本形式的变化规则
英语动词的五种基本形式为动词原形、过去式、第三人称单数、动词的⁃ing形式和过去分词。原形是动词最基本的形式,没有任何变化。其他形式构成规则如下:
第三人称单数:
①一般情况直接加-s
②以-s,-ch,-x,-sh,-o结尾的动词,加-es
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es
过去式:
①一般情况直接加-ed
②以不发音的-e结尾的,直接加-d
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed
④以重读闭音节结尾的(重读,且以“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”或“辅音字母+辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”结尾),双写词尾辅音字母,再加⁃ed
⑤不规则变化,参见《动词不规则变化表》
过去分词:
①规则变化与动词过去式变化规则相同
②不规则变化,参见《动词不规则变化表》
动词的-ing形式:
①一般情况直接加-ing
②以重读闭音节结尾的动词,双写词尾的辅音字母,再加-ing
③以-ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加-ing
④以不发音的⁃e结尾的动词,去e,再加-ing
2.动词基本形式的用法
(1)动词原形:用于一般现在时(第一、二人称和第三人称复数作主语)、一般将来时、助动词后面、情态动词后面、祈使句句首、to(不定式符号)后面
(2)第三人称单数:当一般现在时的主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式
(3)过去式:用于一般过去时
(4)构成完成时态和被动语态
(5)动词的-ing形式:a.构成现在进行时或过去进行时b.起名词作用,常作主语或用于固定搭配中
考点2:实义动词
实义动词是指具有完整意义,可以单独作谓语的动词,主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。实义动词按能不能直接接宾语,分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词本身意义不完整,需要在其后加宾语。不及物动词本身意义完整,其后无须接宾语,有时可以加上副词或介词,构成短语动词。
及物动词:
(1)动词+宾语
(2)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
(常见带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,lend,tell,show,pass,offer,leave,make,teach,sell)
(3)动词+宾语+宾补
(常见带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有:make,let,see,watch,hear,notice,have,help,feel)
不及物动词:
(1)主语+谓语(+状语)
(2)主语+谓语+介词+宾语
【注意】
有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如:study,open,close,read,grow,drive,play,sing等。如:
They are flying kites.
Birds can fly.
知识延伸
1.延续性动词(又称为持续性动词)表示动作是可以延续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语(since+时间点,for+时间段)连用,如teach,work,live,keep,stay,study,dance等。如:
I have learned English for nine years.
2.非延续性动词(又称为终止性动词)表示瞬间动作,动作一发生便立即结束,如buy,catch,join,go,die,lend,begin,stop,lend,borrow,arrive,reach等。非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,如果确实需要和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他的词代替。如:
The old man has been dead for six years.
考点3: 动词短语
1.定义及类型
由动词与名词、介词、副词等组成的短语,称为动词短语。
(1) 动词+介词
talk to,listen to,talk with,look through,laugh at,worry about,wait for,arrive in/at…
(2) 动词+副词:
put on,take off,give up,ring up,pick up,try on,look over,turn up,take away…
(3)动词+副词+介词:
keep away from,look forward to,come up with,run out of,look down upon/on…
(4)动词+名词+介词:
have a look at,take care of,take part in,make friends with,pay attention to…
2.常考动词、动词短语辨析
(1)与used相关的短语
短语
含义
举例
be/get used to doing sth.
习惯做某事
Amy used to read books before going to bed,but now she gets used to listening to music.
埃米过去常常在睡觉前看书,但现在她习惯了听音乐。
Umbrellas are used to prevent the rain.
雨伞是用来挡雨的。
used to do sth.
过去常常做某事
be used to do sth.
被用来做某事
(2)到达
用法
举例
get(to)+地点
get to school
get home/here/there
It was hard for him to get to/reach/arrive at school on time.
他很难按时到达学校。
When will you arrive/get/reach home?
你将什么时候到家?
reach+地点
reach school
reach home/here/there
arrive in+大地方
arrive at+小地方
arrive+地点副词
arrive in Shanghai
arrive at school
arrive there/here/home
(3)花费
词汇
含义
主语
用法
举例
spend
花费时间或金钱
人
sb.spend…on sth./sb.spend…(in)doing sth.
某人在某方面花费……
I spent 30 yuan on the book.
=I spent 30 yuan buying the book.
=The book cost me 30 yuan.
=I paid 30 yuan for the book.
我花了30元买这本书。
It took me an hour to repair the bike.
Repairing the bike took me an hour.
=I spent an hour(in)repairing the bike.
我花了一个小时修理这辆自行车。
cost
花钱
物
sth.cost sb.some money
某物花费某人金钱
pay
支付钱;赔偿
人
sb.pay some money for sth.某人为某物支付一些金钱
take
花时间
It或
Doing sth.
It takes sb.some time+to do sth.=Doing sth.takes sb.some time.某人花费时间做某事。
(4)穿着
词汇
含义及用法
搭配
举例
wear
穿着;戴着;表示状态
后接服饰
Look at the man in green!He is wearing a thick coat on such a hot day!When did he put it on?
看那个穿着绿衣服的男士!他大热天穿着一件厚厚的大衣!他什么时候穿上的?
Children like to dress up as cartoon characters.
孩子们喜欢打扮成卡通人物。
put on
穿上;表示动作
put+n./pron.+on;put on+n.
dress
穿衣服;表示帮某人穿衣服,可以表示状态,也可以表示动作
dress sb.给某人穿衣服;
dress oneself自己穿衣服;
dress up as…装扮成……
in
表示穿着某颜色的衣服
后接颜色
考点4:系动词
系动词,也称作连系动词(Linking Verb),本身有词义,但是不能单独作谓语,需要和其后面的表语连接起来才能构成谓语。
分类
含义
举例
状态系动词:be (am,is,are,was,were)
是
The cake tastes delicious.
这蛋糕尝起来很美味。
The leaves turn yellow in autumn.
树叶在秋天变黄了。
表象系动词:seem,appear
好像;似乎
持续系动词:keep,stay,remain
保持
变化系动词:get,become,grow,turn,go
变得
感官系动词:feel,sound,look,taste,smell
……起来
考点5: 助动词
助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语,必须和别的动词连用,帮助其构成各种时态、语态、否定句或疑问句。
常见的助动词
用法
举例
be (am,is,are,was,were)
构成进行时或被动语态
He was training his guide dog at that time.
那时他在训练他的导盲犬。
Will people have robots in the future?
将来人们会有机器人吗?
I haven’t used ChatGPT yet.
我还没使用过人工智能聊天机器人。
do(does,did)
构成一般现在时或一般过去时
have(has,had)
构成完成时
will(would)
构成将来时
should(shall)
表示委婉语气
考点6:情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的词义,但也要与其他动词一起构成谓语,表示说话者的态度和看法或表示可能、应该或必要等,给谓语动词增添情感色彩。
情态动词的分类
类别
举例
1.只作情态动词的词
can(could),may(might),must
2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的词
need,dare
3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的词
will(would),shall(should)
4.具有情态动词特征的词(组)
have(has,had)to,ought to,had better
常见情态动词的用法
1.would,could问句的回答,要特别注意其表示委婉语气时的答语
2.may开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答时用can或may,否定回答时用mustn’t或can’t,但通常不说may not
3.must/need开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答时用must,否定回答时用needn’t或don’t have to
4.had better没有时态变化,其中had为助动词(可与主语一起缩写成’d),可用于构成否定句或疑问句
5.need和dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。
(1)用作情态动词,主要用于否定句或疑问句;
(2)用作实义动词,可用于各种句式
复习提升
一、单项选择
1.Runyang Bridge ________ in service in 2005 and it has developed the economy between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang.
A.was B.is C.has been D.will be
2.My parents and I ________ interested in films. ________ often go to the cinema together.
A.are; They B.am; We C.are; We D.am; They
3.After lots of practice, neither Susan nor I ________ afraid of giving a speech in public now.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
4.—Samuel, which club will you choose?
—Uh... I ________ choose the dancing club. I have to ask Miss Li for advice and then decide.
A.may B.must C.can D.should
5.—Hmm, so tasty! It ________ be my mother. She loves cooking.
—No, it ________ be her. I saw her go out for shopping.
A.must; mustn’t B.must; can’t C.may; mustn’t D.may; can’t
6.She ________ for 15 years, yet she still doesn’t know what kind of man she ________.
A.has been married; has married with B.has got married; married to
C.has been married; married D.has married; has married to
7.The price of vegetables ________ so quickly these days.
A.rushes B.adds C.rises D.raises
8.—Mark’s car ________ a cloud of dust as he drove off.
—That’s why we dislike him.
A.raised B.rose C.was raised D.was raising
9.We all know that the Anti-Japanese War ________ in 1931 and ________ for fourteen years.
A.was broken out; was lasted B.was broken out; lasted
C.broke out; was lasted D.broke out; lasted
10.Go downstairs, and ________ in line on the playground as soon as possible.
A.to stand B.standing C.stand D.stands
11.—I need you to help us the birds. Amy and I got different numbers.
—OK, I’m coming.
A.count B.write C.move D.draw
12.I think the room is too small for us ________.
A.to live B.living in C.to live in D.live in
13.—I always ______ when I has finished all my work.
—So do I. It’s such a relief and makes all the effort worth it.
A.look pleasant B.feel pleased C.sound pleasure D.feel pleasantly
14.My parents and I ________ going to visit the Shanghai Disneyland this summer holiday.
A.is B.am C.are D.be
15.The idea of eating in that big restaurant _______.
A.tastes wonderful B.tastes wonderfully
C.sounds wonderful D.sounds wonderfully
16.— Your skirt ________ so special.
— Oh yes, it’s very popular these days. It’s a horse-face skirt.
A.looks B.feels C.smells D.sounds
17.—Would you like to try some cookies that Lily bought?
—Yes, please. They ________ lovely and ________ nice.
A.sound;see B.hear;turn C.look;smell D.sound;watch
18.Pizza is ready now, and it ________ nice. Would you like some?
A.smells B.feels C.sounds D./
19.At last, my mother made me ________ and I began to laugh.
A.stop crying B.stopped crying C.stop to cry D.stopped to cry
20.My dying cell phone makes me ______ for a power bank (充电宝) everywhere.
A.look B.looking C.to look D.looked
21.—When can I go out to play football, Mum?
—Finish your homework first, or I won’t let you ________.
A.to go out B.go out C.going out D.will go out
22.The chairperson warned that we ________ achieve our dreams if we didn’t work hard.
A.will B.won’t C.would D.wouldn’t
23.Not only his parents but also he ________ been to the Tibet.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
24.—________ your parents hard on you?
—Yes. I can never watch TV at home.
A.Do B.Did C.Are D.Were
25.Hello! I’m very glad to see you again. When ________ you ________ here?
A.did; arrive B.will; arrive C.have; arrived D.are; arriving
26.—________ you ________ your work, Tom?
—Sorry, but I think I can finish it in two hours.
A.Did, finish B.Will, finish C.Are, finish D.Have, finished
27.The detective promised to try his best to solve the case, ________?
A.didn’t he B.doesn’t he C.hasn’t he D.wasn’t he
28.Kitty’s dog rarely barks at people, ________?
A.does it B.doesn’t it C.has it D.hasn’t it
29.— ________ you help me carry these books? They are too heavy.
— Sure.
A.Must B.Can C.Need D.Should
30.—All of us _________ wear helmets when riding e-bikes.
—Exactly! Safety comes first.
A.need B.must C.may D.can
小语篇专练
二、语法选择
After the winter vacation, I ___1____ move to a new city with my parents. On the first day to my new school, it ___2____ cold and snowy.I ___3____ alone slowly and worrying about something in my new school. It was early and there weren't many people on the road. Suddenly, a girl who was riding a bike in the snow fell down. She was trying hard to stand up but fell again. Without ___4____, I went over to help her quickly. She ___5____ “thank you” with a smile and then left. Her smile warmed me a lot.
1. A. could B. should C. had to
2. A. is B. was C. were
3. A. was walking B. walked C. walk
4. A. thinking B. think C. thinks
5. A. said B. says C. saying
三、完形填空
When Mencius was young, he liked imitating (模仿) other people's behavior (行为). The environment could ___1____ him a lot. In order to make the boy ___2____ a good education, his mother moved their family from one place near a graveyard (墓地) to another place near a market. Then they ___3____ near a school for the third time. Mencius ___4____ famous for his politeness and talent. That was because he had a great mother. She could realize the importance of ___5____ a good educational environment for children. How great Mencius's mother was!
1. A. change B. laugh C. watch D. prevent
2. A. learn B. get C. knock D. reduce
3. A. moved B. included C. attracted D. created
4. A. appeared B. became C. kept D. turned
5. A. providing B. protecting C.performing D. spending
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