24.Unit 5 Play by the rules_(主题阅读)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)

2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024) Unit 5 Play by the rules?主题阅读 必备知识清单 单元主题阅读 一、阅读主题 在我们生活的方方面面，规则无处不在。它们像是社会运行的隐形轨道，引导着我们的行为，确保生活的有序与和谐。本单元聚焦于“规则意识与遵守规则”这一主题，通过探讨不同场景下的规则，帮助我们理解规则的重要性，并培养自觉遵守规则的意识。 1.主题内涵 规则意识意味着明白规则的存在及其意义，知道在各种情况下应该如何行动以符合规则要求。例如，在学校里，“Be quiet in the library.”这条规则，是为了给大家创造一个安静的学习环境。学生们遵守此规则，保持安静，就能更好地享受阅读和学习的氛围。又如在马路上，“Obey traffic rules. Stop at the red light.”的规则，是为了保障行人和车辆的安全。当每个人都遵守交通信号灯指示时，道路上的交通就能顺畅有序，减少交通事故的发生。 2. 素养体现 自我管理素养：能约束自己的行为，主动遵守规则，像在课堂上，学生能自觉做到“Listen carefully and don't talk without permission.”，专注听讲，不随意讲话，体现了对自身行为的良好管理。 社会责任感素养：意识到遵守规则不仅关乎自身，还影响他人和整个社会。比如在公共场所，遵循“Don't litter. Put the rubbish in the bin.”的规则，不乱扔垃圾，维护公共环境的整洁，这是对社会负责的表现。 3. 策略要求 理解规则含义：在阅读关于规则的内容时，要仔细分析规则表述，明确其具体要求。如看到“Students should wear school uniforms on weekdays.”，就要清楚是要求学生在周一到周五必须穿校服。 关联生活实际：将阅读到的规则与自己的生活场景相联系。当读到“Keep your voice down in the hospital.”，就想想自己去医院时的情景，理解为何要保持安静，这样能更好地记住规则并增强遵守规则的意识。 4.文化品质 不同文化背景下，规则可能会有所差异，但都体现了对秩序和他人的尊重。在一些西方国家，人们非常注重排队规则，“Wait in line patiently.”是普遍遵循的准则，这反映了西方文化中对公平和秩序的重视。而在东方文化中，如中国，在传统节日活动中也有特定规则，像春节期间走亲访友时的一些礼仪规则，体现了对传统文化和人际关系的尊重。 二、词汇句式 1. 主题词汇 ①公共场所 library：图书馆，如：We should keep quiet in the library.（我们应该在图书馆保持安静。） museum：博物馆，Don't touch the exhibits in the museum.（不要触摸博物馆里的展品。） cinema：电影院，No smoking in the cinema.（电影院内禁止吸烟。） park：公园，Don't pick flowers in the park.（不要在公园里摘花。） zoo：动物园，Don't feed the animals in the zoo.（不要在动物园里喂动物。） ②交通规则 traffic light：交通信号灯，Wait for the green light at the traffic light.（在交通信号灯处等绿灯。） crosswalk：人行横道，Use the crosswalk when crossing the road.（过马路时走人行横道。） speed limit：限速，Don't exceed the speed limit.（不要超速。） stop sign：停车标志，Stop when you see the stop sign.（看到停车标志要停车。） seat belt：安全带，Fasten your seat belt when driving.（开车时系好安全带。） ③学校规则 classroom：教室，Keep the classroom clean and tidy.（保持教室干净整洁。） playground：操场，Don't run on the wet playground.（不要在湿滑的操场上奔跑。） school uniform：校服，Wear your school uniform on school days.（上学日要穿校服。） homework：作业，Finish your homework on time.（按时完成作业。） attendance：出勤，Don't be absent from class without permission.（未经允许不要旷课。） ④家庭规则 curfew：宵禁时间，Come back home before the curfew.（在宵禁时间前回家。） chores：家务，Help with the chores at home.（在家帮忙做家务。） respect：尊重，Respect your parents and elders.（尊重父母和长辈。） bedtime：就寝时间，Go to bed at the fixed bedtime.（在固定的就寝时间上床睡觉。） TV time：看电视时间，Limit your TV time.（限制看电视时间。） ⑤行为动作 follow：遵守，Follow the rules everywhere you go.（无论走到哪里都要遵守规则。） obey：服从，Obey the teacher's instructions.（服从老师的指示。） break：违反，Don't break the school rules.（不要违反校规。） keep：保持，Keep quiet in the meeting room.（在会议室保持安静。） wait：等待，Wait in line for your turn.（排队等候轮到你。） 2. 主题句式 ①规则陈述 You must... 你必须……，You must wear a helmet when riding a bike.（骑自行车时必须戴头盔。） You should... 你应该……，You should turn off your mobile phone in the theater.（在剧院里你应该关掉手机。） Don't... 不要……，Don't make noise in the hospital.（不要在医院里制造噪音。） Please... 请……，Please keep the environment clean.（请保持环境整洁。） It is necessary to... 有必要……，It is necessary to follow the safety rules at work.（工作中遵守安全规则是有必要的。） ②询问规则 What are the rules...? ……的规则是什么？What are the rules in this game?（这个游戏的规则是什么？） Are there any rules about...? 关于……有什么规则吗？Are there any rules about parking here?（这里停车有什么规则吗？） Do we have to...? 我们必须……吗？Do we have to wear formal clothes to the party?（我们去派对必须穿正装吗？） Should I...? 我应该……吗？Should I bring my ID card to the exam?（我考试应该带身份证吗？） ③规则原因及结果 In order to...,... 为了……，……，In order to keep healthy, we should exercise regularly.（为了保持健康，我们应该定期锻炼。） So as to...,... 以便……，……，So as to avoid accidents, we must follow traffic rules.（以便避免事故，我们必须遵守交通规则。） Because of...,... 因为……，……，Because of the bad weather, the game was cancelled.（因为天气不好，比赛取消了。） As a result of...,... 由于……的结果，……，As a result of his hard work, he got a high score.（由于他的努力学习，他取得了高分。） If...,... 如果……，……，If you break the rules, you will be punished.（如果你违反规则，你将受到惩罚。） 三、阅读策略 1. 预测策略：在阅读关于规则的文章前，根据标题、图片或已知信息预测文章可能涉及的规则场景和内容。例如，看到标题“Rules in Our School”，可以预测文章会提到如课堂规则、课间规则、考试规则等学校相关规则。这样能激发阅读兴趣，让阅读更有目的性，在阅读过程中验证自己的预测，加深对文章的理解。 2. 关键词策略：在阅读时，留意与规则相关的关键词，像“must”“should”“don't”“rule”“obey”“follow”等。这些关键词能快速帮助定位规则内容。比如在句子“You should finish your homework before watching TV.”中，“should”表明这是一条关于行为顺序的规则，通过抓住此类关键词，能更准确地把握文章中规则的具体要求。 3. 归纳总结策略：读完文章后，对不同类型的规则进行归纳总结。若文章涉及了公共场所、家庭、学校等多处规则，可分别列出不同场景下的规则。如公共场所规则有在公园不能摘花、在电影院不能大声喧哗；学校规则有按时交作业、遵守课堂纪律等。通过归纳，能清晰梳理文章结构，更好地理解规则在不同场景的多样性和重要性，也有助于记忆和运用这些规则知识。 核心知识回顾 阅读理解中 “规则意识” 主题表达例析 语篇类型与结构 核心词汇 主题表达 1. 记叙文（Narrative） 结构： ・开头：引入场景（如学校、社区） ・发展：冲突或问题（违反规则） ・高潮：规则的重要性显现 ・结尾：感悟或行为改变 adventure, challenge, responsibility, consequence, obey, teamwork, trust 通过故事传递个人成长与规则的关系，强调遵守规则是克服困难的基础。 例：Sara 在徒步中坚持遵守安全规则，最终完成挑战并获得成就感。 2. 说明文（Expository） 结构： ・引言：规则的定义或背景 ・主体：分类说明（如交通规则、校园规则） ・结论：规则的社会价值 traffic rules, pedestrian, signal, zebra crossing, obey, enforce, fine 系统解释规则的具体内容与执行方式，培养规则意识的实用性。 例：通过交警讲解 “红灯停、绿灯行”，强调规则对公共安全的保障作用。 3. 议论文（Argumentative） 结构： ・论点：规则的必要性或争议 ・论据：事实、数据或案例 ・反驳：对立观点及回应 ・结论：重申立场 debate, freedom, discipline, authority, fairness, violate 探讨规则与个人自由的关系，引导批判性思维。 例：通过对比中西文化对规则的态度，分析规则如何促进社会和谐。 4. 应用文（Practical Text） 结构： ・标题：规则名称 ・条款：分点说明要求 ・附则：执行细节 regulations, prohibited, restricted, designated, penalty 直接呈现规则条文，培养信息提取能力。 例：通过 “禁止在泳池区域奔跑” 等条款，强调规则的明确性与可操作性。 综合实战演练 1 House Rulesfor teenagers in our family—Kevin & Kate RULES help you know right from wrong and stay out of trouble. 1. Getting home By 8: 00 pm on school nights,9: 00 pm on weekends. 2. Homework Finish homework by 10: 00 pm every day. 3. Phones and computers No screens during meals or family talks. We check (检查) your phones and computers. 4. Chores If you make a mess, clean it up. Make your bed every day. Put dirty clothes in the hamper (篮子). 5. Staying in touch Keep the phone on, and call us every hour. If it’s dead (没电的), borrow one to let us know you’re OK. 6. Talking time—FAMILY TIME We’re here to talk about anything, anytime. 7. Money matters Let us know before buying expensive things. If you break the rules, you: 1. will get a warning (警告) and have to think about your actions. 2. will have to spend a quiet time in your room. 3. can’t have your favorite things like ice-cream or cakes. 1．Who are the house rules for? A．Kids in hospital. B．Teenagers at school. C．Kevin and Kate. D．Kevin and Kate’s parents. 2．When should they get home on school nights? A．By 8: 00 pm. B．By 9: 00 pm. C．By 9: 30 pm. D．By 10: 00 pm. 3．What should they do every day? A．Take out the rubbish. B．Clean the room. C．Make the bed. D．Do some washing. 4．Which of the following is NOT allowed? A．Using the computer after dinner. B．Staying out without calling home. C．Having a long talk with each other. D．Buying birthday gifts for best friends. 5．What might happen if they break the rules? A．They can’t go to school. B．They can’t have their favorite snacks. C．They have to do a lot of chores. D．They can’t have dinner for two days. 2 Late-night snacks to be bandTo stop people making a noise late at night, the city of Milan has made a rule. It stops the sale of takeout (外卖食物) after midnight. Most people are happy that they can have a good sleep at night. Writing down your worriesIf a worry comes into your head during the day, just make a note of it. Tell yourself that you’ll have time to think about it later, so there’s no need to worry about it right now. In fact, some worries may go away on their own. A new rule to encourage people to laughA new rule calls for people to laugh at least once a day in Japan. It says that laughing is good for people’s health and can cut down the danger of having heart problems. Businesses (企业) have to make workplaces full of laughter. Insects on the menuOn the menu in Singapore, we can see 16 insects. These insects are safe for people to eat. They are delicious and good for people’s health. Now we can eat insects in many restaurants in Singapore. 1．What’s most people’s attitude (态度) to the rule in Milan? A．Bored. B．Surprised. C．Worried. D．Happy. 2．Which way can make us stay away from worries? A．By letting them go away. B．By laughing at others. C．By thinking about them right now. D．By making a note and thinking about them later. 3．What are the benefits of laughing for people? A．It’s good for people’s health. B．It’s good for people’s job. C．It’s good for people’s friends. D．It’s good for people’s future. 4．Which one is TRUE according to the passage? A．The city of Milan has made a rule to stop people making a noise late at night. B．We should solve the worries right now. C．Laughing can cut down the danger of having brain problems. D．These insects are dangerous for people to eat in Singapore. 3 Many children use the Internet to get useful knowledge (知识) and information, and to relax in their free time. But some of them are not using it in a good way. Here are some rules to make sure you are safe and have fun on the Internet. Make rules for Internet use with your parents. For example, when you can go online, for how long and what activities you can go online. Don’t give your password (密码) to anyone else, and never leak out the following information—your real name, home address, age, phone number or other personal information. Check with your parents before giving out a credit card (信用卡) number. Never send a photo of yourself to someone in email unless your parents say it’s OK. Check with your parents before going into a chat room. Different chat rooms have different rules and attract (吸引) different kinds of people. You and your parents must make sure it’s a right place for you. Never agree to meet someone you met on the Internet without your parent’s permission (允许). Never meet anyone you met online alone. Always remember that people online may not be who they say they are. Treat (对待) everyone online as strangers. If something you see or read online makes you uncomfortable, leave it at once. Tell it your parents or your teachers right away. Treat other people as you like to be treated. Never use bad language. Remember—not everything on the Internet is true. It’s important for us to know how to use the Internet safely. 1．What does the underlined phrase “leak out” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．捐款 B．离开 C．泄露 D．放好 2．If you want to meet a friend on the Internet, you should ________. A．tell the people your name B．chat with different kinds of people C．write an email about yourself D．get your parent’s permission 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Children can go online for a long time if they want. B．Children can go into a chat room which attract them. C．Children should read something online to make them comfortable. D．Children should treat others as they would like to be treated. 4．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．The Internet Safety Rules B．The Rules of Chat Rooms C．The Information on the Internet D．The Habits of Using the Internet 4 Dear Dr. Know, Could you help me? I don’t enjoy my life at all! I have to follow too many rules! I have to get up at six every morning. Because my mom gets up very early to go to work, I have to cook breakfast myself. After breakfast I run to school because I can’t be late. At school, I have to follow even more rules—don’t be noisy, don’t eat in class and so on. Dad says I can’t go out with my friends after school. I can only go out with them on weekends. I also have to do my homework after dinner. And I even have rules for sleeping! I have to go to bed at ten. Rules, rules! What can I do with these rules, Dr. Know? Yours, Tim Dear Tim, Sometimes we have a lot of rules in our lives. But remember, your parents and school make rules to help you, because you are too young to control yourself. That is to say, you have to follow the rules until you get older. Till then you’ll see how important the rules are. Good luck! And wish you grow up quickly! Yours, Dr. Know 1．When does Tim get up every day? A．At eight o’clock. B．At nine o’clock. C．At six o’clock. D．At ten o’clock. 2．Tim is unhappy because ________. A．he has to work at 6 a.m. B．he has to follow many rules C．he can’t study at home D．he has to run to school 3．Dr. Know tells Tim that ________. A．he needn’t follow the rules B．school rules are more important than family rules C．rules can help him D．he doesn’t have to follow the rules after school 5 In the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou 2022, there were some popular matches: Shooting, Basketball, and Marathon! Do you know the rules for watching these matches? Shooting Sit at the back or on either side. Keep quiet during the match. Do not use the flash on your camera. When the players are aiming, keep your voice down. Basketball & Football You cannot bring drinks in glass cups. Keep the cheering down at important moments. Do not use the camera flash. If you easily get too excited, bring some food. Keep your mouth moving to cool yourself. Marathon You can use the flash to take photos but remember to keep yourself away from the player. Players might look tired, but do not hand them water or anything else. Again, if a runner hurts, do not run over to help. The best thing to do is to call our doctors for help. 1．When you watch the Asian Games, you can use flash to take photos in ________. A．Marathon B．Basketball C．Football D．Shooting 2．According to the passage, which of the following is allowed? A．Bringing cola in glass cup in the football match. B．Cheering the players on during the shooting match. C．Calling a doctor to help the player in the marathon match. D．Shouting at the player excitedly when he gets the basketball. 3．Who is the passage written for? A．Nancy, who watched the matches. B．David, who trained the players. C．Tom, who joined in the Asian Games. D．Bill, who held the Asian Games. 6 Dog Park Rules Rules For People ◆Owners have to take good care of your own dog(s). ◆ Dog waste bags are free at the gate of each yard. ◆Owners have to clean the dog waste. ◆Owners must watch their dog(s) with leashes (皮带) ready all the time. Each person can take one to three dogs every visit. ◆Owners under 13 years old must come with a man or a woman. ◆Owners mustn’t feed dogs with any food inside the dog park. ◆Owners must keep the dog park clean and tidy. Rules For Dogs●Dogs outside the dog park must wear leashes all the time. Leashes can be off inside the dog park. ◆Aggressive (具有攻击性的) dogs can’t stay in the dog park. ◆ Sick dogs or dogs under 4 months can’t be in the dog park. ◆Dogs will have to leave the park if they are too noisy. ◆Dogs without owners can't play in the dog park. Not Welcome Any food for pets or people Glass bottles or cups Sick dogs Aggressive dogs 1．Where can dog owners get waste bags for free? A．At the hospital. B．From the shop. C．At the yard gate. D．At the park gate. 2．Andy’s parents can take ________ dogs at most into the dog park. A．three B．four C．five D．six 3．________ can be in the dog park. A．A five-month-old dog. B．An aggressive dog. C．A sick dog. D．A dog without an owner. 7 Traveling by subway can sometimes be quite “exciting”, especially (尤其) when there are too many people on the subway. Sometimes you have to stay away from hot water and coffee, because it may spill (泼洒) on you. The smells of some passengers’ (乘客) food are very strong, too. Passengers mustn’t eat or drink on the subway in some cities. According to the new subway rules in Beijing, only babies and sick people can eat and drink on the subway. If anyone else breaks the rules, he or she must get off. In other cities like Shenzhen and Nanjing, if passengers eat or drink on the subway, they will be fined (罚款). Some people agree with the rules. They think the smells of food can make other passengers feel unhappy or angry, because the smells of food fill (弥漫) the whole subway, especially in the hot summer. And if passengers eat or drink on the subway, the rubbish will be everywhere. Also, people often spill their drinks. These things make the subway dirty. However, ________. They think some people eat and drink on the subway because they live so far from their workplaces. They have no time to have breakfast before they go to work. Eating on the subway saves their time. As for me, I think we should think more about people’s needs. We can prepare some special places in many subway stations for passengers to eat and drink. 1．Some people on the subway feel unhappy or angry in the hot summer because ________. A．there’re too many people on the subway B．some people throw rubbish everywhere C．the smells of food are everywhere on the subway D．they want to eat and drink on the subway 2．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．healthy people can still eat and drink on the subway in Beijing B．everyone in China agrees with the subway rules C．eating on the subway can’t help people save time D．passengers must get off if they break the new subway rules in Beijing 3．Which of the following sentences can be put in the place ________? A．eating or drinking on the subway is right B．in some cities, people can drink and eat on the subway C．some people are not happy with the rules D．getting up early to have a breakfast is important 4．Where can you read the passage? A．Newspapers B．Story books C．Novels D．Science books 5．What do you think of the author? A．Brave B．Warm-hearted C．Cold D．Active 8 You are travelling in England and today you arrive at a small family hotel. When you arrive, you read this. Welcome to Sunshine Hotel! The best hotel for your holiday Enjoy your stay!Tel: 3643-4775 Address: 23 Brown Street, Moontown center of the city, next to the train station Rules: ●Check in (入住): after 14:00; Check out (退房): before 13:00 ●Please: No pets Please: No visitors in hotel rooms after 22:00 Please: No smoking in the room ●Children are welcome. ●We close the front door at 23:00. Please don’t forget your keys. The red key is for the front door. The yellow key is for your room. ●Swimming pool: open all summer ●Wi-fi: 24-hour service in your room 1．Where is Sunshine Hotel? A．In England. B．In America. C．In Australia. D．In Russia. 2．The sign tells the following information about the hotel EXCEPT (除……以外) ______. A．address B．the telephone number C．the price D．the rules 3．If Mr. Smith wants to visit you, she can’t come ______. A．before 20:00 B．after 22:00 C．at 8:00 am D．after 14:00 4．Why do you need the red key? A．Because it is the key for your room. B．Because you can’t get into the hotel without it when you come back late. C．Because the address is on the key. D．Because the door man won’t let you in unless (除非) you have the red key. 9 Your parents might often tell you that strangers can be dangerous. That’s true. Some strangers are bad and you should be careful around them. But some strangers are good. They can help you when you are in trouble. So, how do you deal with them rightly? How can you tell whether a stranger is good or not? Here are some rules. Rule 1: Say no to the strangers who... Give you snacks or other things to show friendliness. Ask you for help. For example, a stranger asks you to help find his or her pet dog. Invite you to his or her home. Offer you a ride. Ask you for details about you or your family. For example, which school do you go to? Who picks you up after school? Rule 2: Trust your own feelings If you feel scared or worried around someone, don’t talk to them. Sometimes, you might not know why you feel like this. It doesn’t matter. Just trust your feelings. They might tell you that someone is dangerous. Rule 3: Some strangers can help you If you are in trouble and your parents are not with you, try to ask someone in uniform for help. They include (包括) police, security guards (保安) and shop workers. Rule 4: __________ Leave as fast as you can. Find a public place with many people around. Shout “help, I don’t know this person” loudly. People around you can hear you and help you. 1．If the strangers ________, you can say YES to them. A．offer you a ride B．just ask the way C．give you snacks or other things D．invite you to his or her home 2．What does the underlined word “details” in rule 1 mean in Chinese? A．地址 B．信息 C．细节 D．籍贯 3．If you are in trouble, who can’t you ask for help? A．Shop workers. B．Police. C．Security guards. D．Children. 4．What is the best title of Rule 4? A．Call police when you need help. B．Try to be friends with strangers. C．Where to go when facing a bad stranger? D．What to do when meeting a bad stranger? 5．What’s the passage mainly about? A．We shouldn’t be afraid of strangers. B．How to tell which stranger is good. C．Not all the strangers are bad. D．Some rules to deal with strangers. 10 Mobile phones(手机) have become a problem for middle schools. Some middle schools in Australia have stopped students from carrying mobile phones during school hours. The mobile phone use among children has become a problem for the school this year. Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas gifts, and more students will want them. Mary, a teacher, said the mobile phone use is a distraction(分心) to students during school hours and it also gives teachers so much trouble in their classmates. Teachers also said that sometimes students might use phone message to copy during exams. She said some school tried to stop mobile phones. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t get in touch with their children. Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at the school office. They also said there were many reasons why the students should not have mobile phones at school, they were easy to lose and were a distraction for studies. Many people say that they understand why parents would want their children to have phones, but they think schools should let the students know when they can use their mobile phones. 1．Some middle schools in Australia have stopped students from carrying mobile phones ___________. A．because they are students B．when they are free C．when they are at school D．because they are children 2．We know from the passage that some children get mobile phones from ___________. A．the makers and sellers B．the teachers C．their parents and friends D．some mobile phone users 3．Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t ___________ during school hours. A．use their mobile phones B．leave their mobile phones at the school office C．help the teachers with their work D．get in touch with their children 4．The passage mainly tells us that ___________. A．students shouldn’t have mobile phones at school except（除……外）some special reasons B．it is impossible to stop students from using mobile phones at school C．some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t use their phones at school D．parents should teach children how to use mobile phones during school hours 11 New rules and behavior standards(行为规范) for middle school students came out in March. Middle School is going to use a new way to decide who the top students are. The best students won’t only have high marks. They will also be kids who don’t dye(染) their hair. The following are some of the new rules. Tell the truth. Have you ever copied someone else’s work on an exam? Don’t do it again! That’s not something an honest students should do. If you have played computer games for two hours in your room, don’t tell your parents you have done homework. Do more at school. Good students love animals and care for other people. April is Bird-loving month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate? You should join! That way, you can learn more about animals and how to protect them. When more people work together, it makes it more fun for everyone. Have you ever quarreled with your teammates when your basketball team lost? Only working together can make your team stronger. Be friendly to the people you are with. Try to think of others, not only yourself. Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought that people could live on the moon? Maybe you’ll discover Earth II some day. Don’t look down on new ideas. Everyone’s ideas are important. You should welcome them, because new ideas make life better for everyone. Protect yourself. Has someone ever taken money from one of your classmates? Don’t let it happen to you. If you have to go home late, you should let your parents know. Use the Internet carefully. The Internet can be very useful for your studies. But some things on the Internet aren’t for kids, so try to look at Web pages that are good for you. You can use the Web for fun or homework. Can’t you find any good websites for children? Here are some: http://kids.eastday.com. http://www. China kids. Net. com. http:www. Cyenet. com. 1．The new school rules will help kids by telling them __________. A．how they can study well B．what they should do at school C．what is right and what is wrong D．how they can protect themselves 2．According to the passage, which of the following is not true? A．Take care of yourself when you are out. B．Keep some animals to protect them. C．Tell the truth, even when you are wrong. D．Use the Internet, but keep away from bad things. 3．The main idea of the fourth paragraph is about __________. A．making the team stronger B．helping with each other C．being a good friend to others D．getting on well with others 4．The passage tells us how to __________. A．be top students B．do more at school C．care for others D．use the Internet 12 In England, people used to stand on the right of escalators(扶梯), allowing others to walk on the left. But there is some change to this rule. People can stand on both sides of escalators at Holborn station. As one of the busiest stations of London Underground, Holborn was the first station in the country to ask travelers to stand on both the right and left sides of escalators. A test was carried out first. The test which lasted for three weeks showed that standing on both sides actually reduced(减少)congestion by 30 percent—16 , 220 people an hour are able to travel on the escalator during rush hours compared to the usual 12 ,745 when both standing and walking are allowed. Transport for London (TfL) hopes the new standing rule will make the most of wasted space on longer escalators, where most people choose to wait on the right. London Underground Operation director Peter McNaught said, Few customers choose to walk on longer escalators such as at Holborn, so much of the left-hand side is unused. We hope that this can lead to reduced congestion at Holborn and make journeys easier for all of our customers.” 1．In England, people used to walk . A．on the right of escalators B．on the left of escalators C．in the middle of escalators D．at the foot of escalators 2．.How long did the test last? A．For three weeks. B．For four weeks C．For two months. D．For one month. 3．London Underground Operation director Peter McNaught encouraged people to . A．stand on both sides B．stand on the left C．stay at home often D．take the underground less 4．What does the underlined word " congestion"mean in Chinese? A．事故 B．人数 C．拥堵 D．班次 5．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．The traffic in England. B．London Underground Operation director. C．The number of people on escalators. D．New underground escalator rule in England. ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024) Unit 5 Play by the rules?主题阅读 必备知识清单 单元主题阅读 一、阅读主题 在我们生活的方方面面，规则无处不在。它们像是社会运行的隐形轨道，引导着我们的行为，确保生活的有序与和谐。本单元聚焦于“规则意识与遵守规则”这一主题，通过探讨不同场景下的规则，帮助我们理解规则的重要性，并培养自觉遵守规则的意识。 1.主题内涵 规则意识意味着明白规则的存在及其意义，知道在各种情况下应该如何行动以符合规则要求。例如，在学校里，“Be quiet in the library.”这条规则，是为了给大家创造一个安静的学习环境。学生们遵守此规则，保持安静，就能更好地享受阅读和学习的氛围。又如在马路上，“Obey traffic rules. Stop at the red light.”的规则，是为了保障行人和车辆的安全。当每个人都遵守交通信号灯指示时，道路上的交通就能顺畅有序，减少交通事故的发生。 2. 素养体现 自我管理素养：能约束自己的行为，主动遵守规则，像在课堂上，学生能自觉做到“Listen carefully and don't talk without permission.”，专注听讲，不随意讲话，体现了对自身行为的良好管理。 社会责任感素养：意识到遵守规则不仅关乎自身，还影响他人和整个社会。比如在公共场所，遵循“Don't litter. Put the rubbish in the bin.”的规则，不乱扔垃圾，维护公共环境的整洁，这是对社会负责的表现。 3. 策略要求 理解规则含义：在阅读关于规则的内容时，要仔细分析规则表述，明确其具体要求。如看到“Students should wear school uniforms on weekdays.”，就要清楚是要求学生在周一到周五必须穿校服。 关联生活实际：将阅读到的规则与自己的生活场景相联系。当读到“Keep your voice down in the hospital.”，就想想自己去医院时的情景，理解为何要保持安静，这样能更好地记住规则并增强遵守规则的意识。 4.文化品质 不同文化背景下，规则可能会有所差异，但都体现了对秩序和他人的尊重。在一些西方国家，人们非常注重排队规则，“Wait in line patiently.”是普遍遵循的准则，这反映了西方文化中对公平和秩序的重视。而在东方文化中，如中国，在传统节日活动中也有特定规则，像春节期间走亲访友时的一些礼仪规则，体现了对传统文化和人际关系的尊重。 二、词汇句式 1. 主题词汇 ①公共场所 library：图书馆，如：We should keep quiet in the library.（我们应该在图书馆保持安静。） museum：博物馆，Don't touch the exhibits in the museum.（不要触摸博物馆里的展品。） cinema：电影院，No smoking in the cinema.（电影院内禁止吸烟。） park：公园，Don't pick flowers in the park.（不要在公园里摘花。） zoo：动物园，Don't feed the animals in the zoo.（不要在动物园里喂动物。） ②交通规则 traffic light：交通信号灯，Wait for the green light at the traffic light.（在交通信号灯处等绿灯。） crosswalk：人行横道，Use the crosswalk when crossing the road.（过马路时走人行横道。） speed limit：限速，Don't exceed the speed limit.（不要超速。） stop sign：停车标志，Stop when you see the stop sign.（看到停车标志要停车。） seat belt：安全带，Fasten your seat belt when driving.（开车时系好安全带。） ③学校规则 classroom：教室，Keep the classroom clean and tidy.（保持教室干净整洁。） playground：操场，Don't run on the wet playground.（不要在湿滑的操场上奔跑。） school uniform：校服，Wear your school uniform on school days.（上学日要穿校服。） homework：作业，Finish your homework on time.（按时完成作业。） attendance：出勤，Don't be absent from class without permission.（未经允许不要旷课。） ④家庭规则 curfew：宵禁时间，Come back home before the curfew.（在宵禁时间前回家。） chores：家务，Help with the chores at home.（在家帮忙做家务。） respect：尊重，Respect your parents and elders.（尊重父母和长辈。） bedtime：就寝时间，Go to bed at the fixed bedtime.（在固定的就寝时间上床睡觉。） TV time：看电视时间，Limit your TV time.（限制看电视时间。） ⑤行为动作 follow：遵守，Follow the rules everywhere you go.（无论走到哪里都要遵守规则。） obey：服从，Obey the teacher's instructions.（服从老师的指示。） break：违反，Don't break the school rules.（不要违反校规。） keep：保持，Keep quiet in the meeting room.（在会议室保持安静。） wait：等待，Wait in line for your turn.（排队等候轮到你。） 2. 主题句式 ①规则陈述 You must... 你必须……，You must wear a helmet when riding a bike.（骑自行车时必须戴头盔。） You should... 你应该……，You should turn off your mobile phone in the theater.（在剧院里你应该关掉手机。） Don't... 不要……，Don't make noise in the hospital.（不要在医院里制造噪音。） Please... 请……，Please keep the environment clean.（请保持环境整洁。） It is necessary to... 有必要……，It is necessary to follow the safety rules at work.（工作中遵守安全规则是有必要的。） ②询问规则 What are the rules...? ……的规则是什么？What are the rules in this game?（这个游戏的规则是什么？） Are there any rules about...? 关于……有什么规则吗？Are there any rules about parking here?（这里停车有什么规则吗？） Do we have to...? 我们必须……吗？Do we have to wear formal clothes to the party?（我们去派对必须穿正装吗？） Should I...? 我应该……吗？Should I bring my ID card to the exam?（我考试应该带身份证吗？） ③规则原因及结果 In order to...,... 为了……，……，In order to keep healthy, we should exercise regularly.（为了保持健康，我们应该定期锻炼。） So as to...,... 以便……，……，So as to avoid accidents, we must follow traffic rules.（以便避免事故，我们必须遵守交通规则。） Because of...,... 因为……，……，Because of the bad weather, the game was cancelled.（因为天气不好，比赛取消了。） As a result of...,... 由于……的结果，……，As a result of his hard work, he got a high score.（由于他的努力学习，他取得了高分。） If...,... 如果……，……，If you break the rules, you will be punished.（如果你违反规则，你将受到惩罚。） 三、阅读策略 1. 预测策略：在阅读关于规则的文章前，根据标题、图片或已知信息预测文章可能涉及的规则场景和内容。例如，看到标题“Rules in Our School”，可以预测文章会提到如课堂规则、课间规则、考试规则等学校相关规则。这样能激发阅读兴趣，让阅读更有目的性，在阅读过程中验证自己的预测，加深对文章的理解。 2. 关键词策略：在阅读时，留意与规则相关的关键词，像“must”“should”“don't”“rule”“obey”“follow”等。这些关键词能快速帮助定位规则内容。比如在句子“You should finish your homework before watching TV.”中，“should”表明这是一条关于行为顺序的规则，通过抓住此类关键词，能更准确地把握文章中规则的具体要求。 3. 归纳总结策略：读完文章后，对不同类型的规则进行归纳总结。若文章涉及了公共场所、家庭、学校等多处规则，可分别列出不同场景下的规则。如公共场所规则有在公园不能摘花、在电影院不能大声喧哗；学校规则有按时交作业、遵守课堂纪律等。通过归纳，能清晰梳理文章结构，更好地理解规则在不同场景的多样性和重要性，也有助于记忆和运用这些规则知识。 核心知识回顾 阅读理解中 “规则意识” 主题表达例析 语篇类型与结构 核心词汇 主题表达 1. 记叙文（Narrative） 结构： ・开头：引入场景（如学校、社区） ・发展：冲突或问题（违反规则） ・高潮：规则的重要性显现 ・结尾：感悟或行为改变 adventure, challenge, responsibility, consequence, obey, teamwork, trust 通过故事传递个人成长与规则的关系，强调遵守规则是克服困难的基础。 例：Sara 在徒步中坚持遵守安全规则，最终完成挑战并获得成就感。 2. 说明文（Expository） 结构： ・引言：规则的定义或背景 ・主体：分类说明（如交通规则、校园规则） ・结论：规则的社会价值 traffic rules, pedestrian, signal, zebra crossing, obey, enforce, fine 系统解释规则的具体内容与执行方式，培养规则意识的实用性。 例：通过交警讲解 “红灯停、绿灯行”，强调规则对公共安全的保障作用。 3. 议论文（Argumentative） 结构： ・论点：规则的必要性或争议 ・论据：事实、数据或案例 ・反驳：对立观点及回应 ・结论：重申立场 debate, freedom, discipline, authority, fairness, violate 探讨规则与个人自由的关系，引导批判性思维。 例：通过对比中西文化对规则的态度，分析规则如何促进社会和谐。 4. 应用文（Practical Text） 结构： ・标题：规则名称 ・条款：分点说明要求 ・附则：执行细节 regulations, prohibited, restricted, designated, penalty 直接呈现规则条文，培养信息提取能力。 例：通过 “禁止在泳池区域奔跑” 等条款，强调规则的明确性与可操作性。 综合实战演练 1 House Rulesfor teenagers in our family—Kevin & Kate RULES help you know right from wrong and stay out of trouble. 1. Getting home By 8: 00 pm on school nights,9: 00 pm on weekends. 2. Homework Finish homework by 10: 00 pm every day. 3. Phones and computers No screens during meals or family talks. We check (检查) your phones and computers. 4. Chores If you make a mess, clean it up. Make your bed every day. Put dirty clothes in the hamper (篮子). 5. Staying in touch Keep the phone on, and call us every hour. If it’s dead (没电的), borrow one to let us know you’re OK. 6. Talking time—FAMILY TIME We’re here to talk about anything, anytime. 7. Money matters Let us know before buying expensive things. If you break the rules, you: 1. will get a warning (警告) and have to think about your actions. 2. will have to spend a quiet time in your room. 3. can’t have your favorite things like ice-cream or cakes. 1．Who are the house rules for? A．Kids in hospital. B．Teenagers at school. C．Kevin and Kate. D．Kevin and Kate’s parents. 2．When should they get home on school nights? A．By 8: 00 pm. B．By 9: 00 pm. C．By 9: 30 pm. D．By 10: 00 pm. 3．What should they do every day? A．Take out the rubbish. B．Clean the room. C．Make the bed. D．Do some washing. 4．Which of the following is NOT allowed? A．Using the computer after dinner. B．Staying out without calling home. C．Having a long talk with each other. D．Buying birthday gifts for best friends. 5．What might happen if they break the rules? A．They can’t go to school. B．They can’t have their favorite snacks. C．They have to do a lot of chores. D．They can’t have dinner for two days. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．B 【解析】本文主要讲述了Kevin和Kate家为青少年制定的家规。 1．细节理解题。根据“House Rules for teenagers in our family—Kevin & Kate”可知，这些家规是针对Kevin和Kate家的青少年的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“By 8: 00 pm on school nights”可知，在上学的晚上，他们应该在晚上8点前到家。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Make your bed every day.”可知，他们每天应该整理床铺。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Keep the phone on, and call us every hour. If it’s dead (没电的), borrow one to let us know you’re OK.”可知，不允许不打电话回家就待在外面。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“can’t have your favorite things like ice-cream or cakes.”可知，如果他们违反规定，他们可能不能吃他们最喜欢的零食，如冰淇淋或蛋糕。故选B。 2 Late-night snacks to be bandTo stop people making a noise late at night, the city of Milan has made a rule. It stops the sale of takeout (外卖食物) after midnight. Most people are happy that they can have a good sleep at night. Writing down your worriesIf a worry comes into your head during the day, just make a note of it. Tell yourself that you’ll have time to think about it later, so there’s no need to worry about it right now. In fact, some worries may go away on their own. A new rule to encourage people to laughA new rule calls for people to laugh at least once a day in Japan. It says that laughing is good for people’s health and can cut down the danger of having heart problems. Businesses (企业) have to make workplaces full of laughter. Insects on the menuOn the menu in Singapore, we can see 16 insects. These insects are safe for people to eat. They are delicious and good for people’s health. Now we can eat insects in many restaurants in Singapore. 1．What’s most people’s attitude (态度) to the rule in Milan? A．Bored. B．Surprised. C．Worried. D．Happy. 2．Which way can make us stay away from worries? A．By letting them go away. B．By laughing at others. C．By thinking about them right now. D．By making a note and thinking about them later. 3．What are the benefits of laughing for people? A．It’s good for people’s health. B．It’s good for people’s job. C．It’s good for people’s friends. D．It’s good for people’s future. 4．Which one is TRUE according to the passage? A．The city of Milan has made a rule to stop people making a noise late at night. B．We should solve the worries right now. C．Laughing can cut down the danger of having brain problems. D．These insects are dangerous for people to eat in Singapore. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．A 【解析】本文是四则新闻报道，分别是米兰禁止深夜外卖，写下你的担忧，鼓励人们笑，昆虫出现在菜单上。 1．细节理解题。根据“Most people are happy that they can have a good sleep at night.”可知，大多数人对米兰的规定表示高兴。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“ If a worry comes into your head during the day, just make a note of it. Tell yourself that you’ll have time to think about it later”可知，通过把忧虑记下来，稍后思考是远离烦恼的方法。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“It says that laughing is good for people’s health and can cut down the danger of having heart problems.”可知，笑对人的健康有益。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“the city of Milan has made a rule. It stops the sale of takeout (外卖食物) after midnight.”可知，米兰市确实制定了一个防止深夜制造噪音的规则。故选A。 3 Many children use the Internet to get useful knowledge (知识) and information, and to relax in their free time. But some of them are not using it in a good way. Here are some rules to make sure you are safe and have fun on the Internet. Make rules for Internet use with your parents. For example, when you can go online, for how long and what activities you can go online. Don’t give your password (密码) to anyone else, and never leak out the following information—your real name, home address, age, phone number or other personal information. Check with your parents before giving out a credit card (信用卡) number. Never send a photo of yourself to someone in email unless your parents say it’s OK. Check with your parents before going into a chat room. Different chat rooms have different rules and attract (吸引) different kinds of people. You and your parents must make sure it’s a right place for you. Never agree to meet someone you met on the Internet without your parent’s permission (允许). Never meet anyone you met online alone. Always remember that people online may not be who they say they are. Treat (对待) everyone online as strangers. If something you see or read online makes you uncomfortable, leave it at once. Tell it your parents or your teachers right away. Treat other people as you like to be treated. Never use bad language. Remember—not everything on the Internet is true. It’s important for us to know how to use the Internet safely. 1．What does the underlined phrase “leak out” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．捐款 B．离开 C．泄露 D．放好 2．If you want to meet a friend on the Internet, you should ________. A．tell the people your name B．chat with different kinds of people C．write an email about yourself D．get your parent’s permission 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Children can go online for a long time if they want. B．Children can go into a chat room which attract them. C．Children should read something online to make them comfortable. D．Children should treat others as they would like to be treated. 4．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．The Internet Safety Rules B．The Rules of Chat Rooms C．The Information on the Internet D．The Habits of Using the Internet 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要针对孩子上网问题，向他们提出了几点需要注意的上网安全规则。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Don’t give your password (密码) to anyone else, and never leak out the following information—your real name, home address, age, phone number or other personal information.”可知，不要把密码给任何人，也不要把你的真实姓名、家庭住址、年龄、电话号码或其他个人信息给任何人，所以划线部分的含义是“泄露”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Never agree to meet someone you met on the Internet without your parent’s permission (允许). Never meet anyone you met online alone.”可知，如果你想见网友，你应该得到父母的许可。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Treat other people as you like to be treated.”可知，孩子应该以己所不欲，勿施于人。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。根据第一段中的“Here are some rules to make sure you are safe and have fun on the Internet.”并通读全文可知，文章主要针对孩子上网问题，向他们提出了几点需要注意的上网安全规则。故选A。 4 Dear Dr. Know, Could you help me? I don’t enjoy my life at all! I have to follow too many rules! I have to get up at six every morning. Because my mom gets up very early to go to work, I have to cook breakfast myself. After breakfast I run to school because I can’t be late. At school, I have to follow even more rules—don’t be noisy, don’t eat in class and so on. Dad says I can’t go out with my friends after school. I can only go out with them on weekends. I also have to do my homework after dinner. And I even have rules for sleeping! I have to go to bed at ten. Rules, rules! What can I do with these rules, Dr. Know? Yours, Tim Dear Tim, Sometimes we have a lot of rules in our lives. But remember, your parents and school make rules to help you, because you are too young to control yourself. That is to say, you have to follow the rules until you get older. Till then you’ll see how important the rules are. Good luck! And wish you grow up quickly! Yours, Dr. Know 1．When does Tim get up every day? A．At eight o’clock. B．At nine o’clock. C．At six o’clock. D．At ten o’clock. 2．Tim is unhappy because ________. A．he has to work at 6 a.m. B．he has to follow many rules C．he can’t study at home D．he has to run to school 3．Dr. Know tells Tim that ________. A．he needn’t follow the rules B．school rules are more important than family rules C．rules can help him D．he doesn’t have to follow the rules after school 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【解析】本文介绍了帝姆在家里和学校有很多规则，他都必须遵守，帝姆感到很烦恼，他希望百事通博士能够帮助自己，百事通博士对此讲了自己的看法并且对帝姆提了建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“I have to get up at six every morning.”可知，帝姆每天早上六点必须起床。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“I don’t enjoy my life at all! I have to follow too many rules!”可知，蒂姆很不高兴，因为他必须遵守许多规则。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Till then you’ll see how important the rules are.”可知，百事通博士告诉蒂姆规则可以帮助他。故选C。 5 In the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou 2022, there were some popular matches: Shooting, Basketball, and Marathon! Do you know the rules for watching these matches? Shooting Sit at the back or on either side. Keep quiet during the match. Do not use the flash on your camera. When the players are aiming, keep your voice down. Basketball & Football You cannot bring drinks in glass cups. Keep the cheering down at important moments. Do not use the camera flash. If you easily get too excited, bring some food. Keep your mouth moving to cool yourself. Marathon You can use the flash to take photos but remember to keep yourself away from the player. Players might look tired, but do not hand them water or anything else. Again, if a runner hurts, do not run over to help. The best thing to do is to call our doctors for help. 1．When you watch the Asian Games, you can use flash to take photos in ________. A．Marathon B．Basketball C．Football D．Shooting 2．According to the passage, which of the following is allowed? A．Bringing cola in glass cup in the football match. B．Cheering the players on during the shooting match. C．Calling a doctor to help the player in the marathon match. D．Shouting at the player excitedly when he gets the basketball. 3．Who is the passage written for? A．Nancy, who watched the matches. B．David, who trained the players. C．Tom, who joined in the Asian Games. D．Bill, who held the Asian Games. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了观看比赛时观众应该遵守的一些规则。 1．细节理解题。根据“Marathon | You can use the flash to take photos but remember to keep yourself away from the player.”可知，当你观看亚运会时，你可以在马拉松比赛中使用闪光灯拍照。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Marathon | Again, if a runner hurts, do not run over to help. The best thing to do is to call our doctors for help.”可知，在马拉松比赛过程中，如果跑步者受伤了，最好的办法是向医生寻求帮助。故选C。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据“In the 3th Asian Games Hangzhou 2022, there were some popular matches: Shooting, Basketball, and Marathon! Do you know the rules for watching these matches?”可知，本文主要介绍了在亚运会上观看比赛时，观众应该注意的一些规则；据此可以推断，本文是为观看比赛的人写的；选项A“南希，她看了比赛。”符合题意。故选A。 6 Dog Park Rules Rules For People ◆Owners have to take good care of your own dog(s). ◆ Dog waste bags are free at the gate of each yard. ◆Owners have to clean the dog waste. ◆Owners must watch their dog(s) with leashes (皮带) ready all the time. Each person can take one to three dogs every visit. ◆Owners under 13 years old must come with a man or a woman. ◆Owners mustn’t feed dogs with any food inside the dog park. ◆Owners must keep the dog park clean and tidy. Rules For Dogs●Dogs outside the dog park must wear leashes all the time. Leashes can be off inside the dog park. ◆Aggressive (具有攻击性的) dogs can’t stay in the dog park. ◆ Sick dogs or dogs under 4 months can’t be in the dog park. ◆Dogs will have to leave the park if they are too noisy. ◆Dogs without owners can't play in the dog park. Not Welcome Any food for pets or people Glass bottles or cups Sick dogs Aggressive dogs 1．Where can dog owners get waste bags for free? A．At the hospital. B．From the shop. C．At the yard gate. D．At the park gate. 2．Andy’s parents can take ________ dogs at most into the dog park. A．three B．four C．five D．six 3．________ can be in the dog park. A．A five-month-old dog. B．An aggressive dog. C．A sick dog. D．A dog without an owner. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了狗公园的规则。 1．细节理解题。根据“Dog waste bags are free at the gate of each yard.”可知，在院子门口可以免费得到垃圾袋，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Each person can take one to three dogs every visit.”可知，每人每次最多带三只狗，所以他的父母最多可以带六只狗。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Rules For Dogs”中的规则可知，BCD都不可以，A选项“一只五个月大的狗”符合。故选A。 7 Traveling by subway can sometimes be quite “exciting”, especially (尤其) when there are too many people on the subway. Sometimes you have to stay away from hot water and coffee, because it may spill (泼洒) on you. The smells of some passengers’ (乘客) food are very strong, too. Passengers mustn’t eat or drink on the subway in some cities. According to the new subway rules in Beijing, only babies and sick people can eat and drink on the subway. If anyone else breaks the rules, he or she must get off. In other cities like Shenzhen and Nanjing, if passengers eat or drink on the subway, they will be fined (罚款). Some people agree with the rules. They think the smells of food can make other passengers feel unhappy or angry, because the smells of food fill (弥漫) the whole subway, especially in the hot summer. And if passengers eat or drink on the subway, the rubbish will be everywhere. Also, people often spill their drinks. These things make the subway dirty. However, ________. They think some people eat and drink on the subway because they live so far from their workplaces. They have no time to have breakfast before they go to work. Eating on the subway saves their time. As for me, I think we should think more about people’s needs. We can prepare some special places in many subway stations for passengers to eat and drink. 1．Some people on the subway feel unhappy or angry in the hot summer because ________. A．there’re too many people on the subway B．some people throw rubbish everywhere C．the smells of food are everywhere on the subway D．they want to eat and drink on the subway 2．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．healthy people can still eat and drink on the subway in Beijing B．everyone in China agrees with the subway rules C．eating on the subway can’t help people save time D．passengers must get off if they break the new subway rules in Beijing 3．Which of the following sentences can be put in the place ________? A．eating or drinking on the subway is right B．in some cities, people can drink and eat on the subway C．some people are not happy with the rules D．getting up early to have a breakfast is important 4．Where can you read the passage? A．Newspapers B．Story books C．Novels D．Science books 5．What do you think of the author? A．Brave B．Warm-hearted C．Cold D．Active 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了地铁上禁止吃喝的规定以及一些人对此的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“They think the smells of food can make other passengers feel unhappy or angry, because the smells of food fill ( 弥漫 ) the whole subway, especially in the hot summer.”可知，在炎热的夏天，地铁上的一些人会感到不开心或愤怒，因为地铁里到处都是食物的味道，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“According to the new subway rules in Beijing…If anyone else breaks the rules, he or she must get off.”可知，在北京，违反地铁新规定的乘客会被责令下车，故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据空格前However可知，本段与上一段大意构成转折关系，同时由下文可知有些家里远的上班族认为在地铁上吃喝是合理的，所以本段是讲述对规定不满的声音，选项C“有些人对规则不满意”符合语境，故选C。 4．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了地铁上禁止吃喝的规定以及一些人对此的看法，所以应在报纸上看到这篇文章，故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据文中“As for me, I think we should think more about people’s needs. We can prepare some special places in many subway stations for passengers to eat and drink.”可知，作者认为我们应该更多地考虑人们的需求，可以在许多地铁站为乘客准备一些特殊的饮食场所，所以可以推断作者是热心的，故选B。 8 You are travelling in England and today you arrive at a small family hotel. When you arrive, you read this. Welcome to Sunshine Hotel! The best hotel for your holiday Enjoy your stay!Tel: 3643-4775 Address: 23 Brown Street, Moontown center of the city, next to the train station Rules: ●Check in (入住): after 14:00; Check out (退房): before 13:00 ●Please: No pets Please: No visitors in hotel rooms after 22:00 Please: No smoking in the room ●Children are welcome. ●We close the front door at 23:00. Please don’t forget your keys. The red key is for the front door. The yellow key is for your room. ●Swimming pool: open all summer ●Wi-fi: 24-hour service in your room 1．Where is Sunshine Hotel? A．In England. B．In America. C．In Australia. D．In Russia. 2．The sign tells the following information about the hotel EXCEPT (除……以外) ______. A．address B．the telephone number C．the price D．the rules 3．If Mr. Smith wants to visit you, she can’t come ______. A．before 20:00 B．after 22:00 C．at 8:00 am D．after 14:00 4．Why do you need the red key? A．Because it is the key for your room. B．Because you can’t get into the hotel without it when you come back late. C．Because the address is on the key. D．Because the door man won’t let you in unless (除非) you have the red key. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【解析】本文介绍了Sunshine Hotel的相关内容，包括电话、地址、规章制度以及可提供的服务等。 1．细节理解题。根据“You are travelling in England...read this.”和“Welcome to Sunshine Hotel!”可知，Sunshine Hotel地点在英国。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Tel...”、“Address...”和“Rules...”可知，文章中提到了地址、电话和酒店规定，未提及价格。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“No visitors in hotel rooms after 22:00”可知，22:00后禁止访客进入酒店。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“We close the front door at 23:00. Please don’t forget your keys.”和“The red key is for the front door.”可知，红色的是前门钥匙，酒店在23:00会关闭前门。所以当你太晚回酒店时，没有红色钥匙会进不去。故选B。 9 Your parents might often tell you that strangers can be dangerous. That’s true. Some strangers are bad and you should be careful around them. But some strangers are good. They can help you when you are in trouble. So, how do you deal with them rightly? How can you tell whether a stranger is good or not? Here are some rules. Rule 1: Say no to the strangers who... Give you snacks or other things to show friendliness. Ask you for help. For example, a stranger asks you to help find his or her pet dog. Invite you to his or her home. Offer you a ride. Ask you for details about you or your family. For example, which school do you go to? Who picks you up after school? Rule 2: Trust your own feelings If you feel scared or worried around someone, don’t talk to them. Sometimes, you might not know why you feel like this. It doesn’t matter. Just trust your feelings. They might tell you that someone is dangerous. Rule 3: Some strangers can help you If you are in trouble and your parents are not with you, try to ask someone in uniform for help. They include (包括) police, security guards (保安) and shop workers. Rule 4: __________ Leave as fast as you can. Find a public place with many people around. Shout “help, I don’t know this person” loudly. People around you can hear you and help you. 1．If the strangers ________, you can say YES to them. A．offer you a ride B．just ask the way C．give you snacks or other things D．invite you to his or her home 2．What does the underlined word “details” in rule 1 mean in Chinese? A．地址 B．信息 C．细节 D．籍贯 3．If you are in trouble, who can’t you ask for help? A．Shop workers. B．Police. C．Security guards. D．Children. 4．What is the best title of Rule 4? A．Call police when you need help. B．Try to be friends with strangers. C．Where to go when facing a bad stranger? D．What to do when meeting a bad stranger? 5．What’s the passage mainly about? A．We shouldn’t be afraid of strangers. B．How to tell which stranger is good. C．Not all the strangers are bad. D．Some rules to deal with strangers. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．D 【分析】本文是说明文，短文介绍了如何与陌生人打交道的规则。 1．推理判断题。根据规则1“Rule 1: Say no to the strangers who...”提到的说“不”的情形，可知不包括纯粹的问路者，所以如果陌生人只是问路，可以对他们说“是”。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据下文的举例“For example, which school do you go to? Who picks you up after school”，可知是一些细节问题，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据规则3“try to ask someone in uniform for help. They include police, security guards and shop workers”可知，如果你有麻烦不能向小孩求助，故选D。 4．最佳标题题。根据“Shout ‘help, I don’t know this person’ loudly”，可知是遇到坏的陌生人的情形；“What to do when meeting a bad stranger”符合语境，故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据短文内容，结合“How can you tell whether a stranger is good or not? Here are some rules”，可知介绍的是一些与陌生人打交道的规则，故选D。 10 Mobile phones(手机) have become a problem for middle schools. Some middle schools in Australia have stopped students from carrying mobile phones during school hours. The mobile phone use among children has become a problem for the school this year. Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas gifts, and more students will want them. Mary, a teacher, said the mobile phone use is a distraction(分心) to students during school hours and it also gives teachers so much trouble in their classmates. Teachers also said that sometimes students might use phone message to copy during exams. She said some school tried to stop mobile phones. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t get in touch with their children. Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at the school office. They also said there were many reasons why the students should not have mobile phones at school, they were easy to lose and were a distraction for studies. Many people say that they understand why parents would want their children to have phones, but they think schools should let the students know when they can use their mobile phones. 1．Some middle schools in Australia have stopped students from carrying mobile phones ___________. A．because they are students B．when they are free C．when they are at school D．because they are children 2．We know from the passage that some children get mobile phones from ___________. A．the makers and sellers B．the teachers C．their parents and friends D．some mobile phone users 3．Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t ___________ during school hours. A．use their mobile phones B．leave their mobile phones at the school office C．help the teachers with their work D．get in touch with their children 4．The passage mainly tells us that ___________. A．students shouldn’t have mobile phones at school except（除……外）some special reasons B．it is impossible to stop students from using mobile phones at school C．some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t use their phones at school D．parents should teach children how to use mobile phones during school hours 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了澳大利亚校园中日益严重的手机使用问题，学校不得不做出禁止学生使用手机的决定，并讲述了老师、学生家长对此的反应。 1．细节理解题。根据原文“Some middle schools in Australia have stopped students from carrying mobile phones during school hours”可知，学生被禁止在校使用手机。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据原文“Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas gifts”可知，通常学生会从家长或朋友那里收到圣诞礼物，所以学生可能会从家长或朋友那里得到手机。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据原文“Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t get in touch with their children”可知，一些家长因为联系不到自己的孩子而感到不开心。故选D。 4．主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文是一篇议论文，讲述了澳大利亚校园中日益严重的手机使用问题，学校不得不做出禁止学生使用手机的决定，并讲述了老师、学生家长对此的反应。教师赞成学生在校时不能使用手机，但家长却担心无法联系到孩子，所以本文主要讲的是除特殊情况外在校不应该使用手机。故选A。 11 New rules and behavior standards(行为规范) for middle school students came out in March. Middle School is going to use a new way to decide who the top students are. The best students won’t only have high marks. They will also be kids who don’t dye(染) their hair. The following are some of the new rules. Tell the truth. Have you ever copied someone else’s work on an exam? Don’t do it again! That’s not something an honest students should do. If you have played computer games for two hours in your room, don’t tell your parents you have done homework. Do more at school. Good students love animals and care for other people. April is Bird-loving month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate? You should join! That way, you can learn more about animals and how to protect them. When more people work together, it makes it more fun for everyone. Have you ever quarreled with your teammates when your basketball team lost? Only working together can make your team stronger. Be friendly to the people you are with. Try to think of others, not only yourself. Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought that people could live on the moon? Maybe you’ll discover Earth II some day. Don’t look down on new ideas. Everyone’s ideas are important. You should welcome them, because new ideas make life better for everyone. Protect yourself. Has someone ever taken money from one of your classmates? Don’t let it happen to you. If you have to go home late, you should let your parents know. Use the Internet carefully. The Internet can be very useful for your studies. But some things on the Internet aren’t for kids, so try to look at Web pages that are good for you. You can use the Web for fun or homework. Can’t you find any good websites for children? Here are some: http://kids.eastday.com. http://www. China kids. Net. com. http:www. Cyenet. com. 1．The new school rules will help kids by telling them __________. A．how they can study well B．what they should do at school C．what is right and what is wrong D．how they can protect themselves 2．According to the passage, which of the following is not true? A．Take care of yourself when you are out. B．Keep some animals to protect them. C．Tell the truth, even when you are wrong. D．Use the Internet, but keep away from bad things. 3．The main idea of the fourth paragraph is about __________. A．making the team stronger B．helping with each other C．being a good friend to others D．getting on well with others 4．The passage tells us how to __________. A．be top students B．do more at school C．care for others D．use the Internet 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了新出台的中学生规则和行为标准。 1．推理判断题。根据原文“The best students won’t only have high marks. They will also be kids who don’t dye(染) their hair”可知，新校规提到了好学生的评判标准，也就是告诉学生什么是对的，什么是错的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据原文“April is Bird-loving month in China … you can learn more about animals and how to protect them”可知，应该去了解动物，了解怎样保护它们，而不是把它们都圈养起来，故选B。 3．主旨大意题。通读本段可知，本段是教学生要与他人融洽相处。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据原文“New rules and behavior standards(行为规范) for middle school students came out in March. Middle School is going to use a new way to decide who the top students are”可知，新出台的中学生规则和行为标准，让学校用一种新的方式来评判谁是好学生。故选A。 12 In England, people used to stand on the right of escalators(扶梯), allowing others to walk on the left. But there is some change to this rule. People can stand on both sides of escalators at Holborn station. As one of the busiest stations of London Underground, Holborn was the first station in the country to ask travelers to stand on both the right and left sides of escalators. A test was carried out first. The test which lasted for three weeks showed that standing on both sides actually reduced(减少)congestion by 30 percent—16 , 220 people an hour are able to travel on the escalator during rush hours compared to the usual 12 ,745 when both standing and walking are allowed. Transport for London (TfL) hopes the new standing rule will make the most of wasted space on longer escalators, where most people choose to wait on the right. London Underground Operation director Peter McNaught said, Few customers choose to walk on longer escalators such as at Holborn, so much of the left-hand side is unused. We hope that this can lead to reduced congestion at Holborn and make journeys easier for all of our customers.” 1．In England, people used to walk . A．on the right of escalators B．on the left of escalators C．in the middle of escalators D．at the foot of escalators 2．.How long did the test last? A．For three weeks. B．For four weeks C．For two months. D．For one month. 3．London Underground Operation director Peter McNaught encouraged people to . A．stand on both sides B．stand on the left C．stay at home often D．take the underground less 4．What does the underlined word " congestion"mean in Chinese? A．事故 B．人数 C．拥堵 D．班次 5．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．The traffic in England. B．London Underground Operation director. C．The number of people on escalators. D．New underground escalator rule in England. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．D 【解析】在英国，人们习惯站在扶梯的右侧，然后让其他人在左侧通行。但是在霍尔本站特殊，要求两侧站着。因为实验显示两侧站立能够降低拥堵30%。伦敦交通建议采取两侧站立来提高扶梯的使用率，从而减少拥挤。 1．细节理解题。根据In England, people used to stand on the right of escalators, allowing others to walk on the left.可知在英国，人们习惯站在扶梯的右侧，左侧行走。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据The test which lasted for three weeks showed…可知这是个为期三周的实验。故选A。 3．推理判断题。最后一段中We hope that this can lead to reduced congestion at Holborn and make journeys easier for all of our customers. this指代的是“扶梯双侧站立”，因为根据文章内容可知双侧站立可以减少拥挤。故选A。 4．词义猜测题。破折号后面16 , 220 people an hour are able to travel on the escalator during rush hours compared to the usual 12 ,745 when both standing and walking are allowed.是对前一句话的解释说明。根据实验内容可单侧站立单侧行走时能通过12745个人，而两侧站立一小时能通过16220人，可推测这种做法有效的减少了拥堵。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了伦敦的一项扶梯双侧站立的办法，这项办法能够有效降低拥堵。故选D。 ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$