22.Unit 5 Play by the rules_(语法知识)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)

2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024) Unit 5 Play by the rules?语法知识 必备知识清单 单元语法释疑 动词不定式作目的状语 1. 基本结构与含义 动词不定式作目的状语，通常由“to + 动词原形”构成，用来表明句子谓语动词行为的目的，回答“为什么做某事（Why do sth.?）”这一问题 。它在句中位置较为灵活，可置于句首，也可放在句末。 置于句首时，通常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，起到强调目的的作用，使读者或听者一开始就明确行为的意图。例如：To get good grades, she studies hard every day.（为了取得好成绩，她每天都努力学习。）这里“To get good grades”置于句首，突出了“努力学习”的目的是“取得好成绩” 。 置于句末时，一般不用逗号隔开，是较为常见的表达方式。例如：She studies hard every day to get good grades.（她每天努力学习为了取得好成绩。）此时句子重心先落在“她每天努力学习”这一行为上，最后说明目的。 2. 用法例析 To pass the exam, he reviewed his lessons carefully.（为了通过考试，他认真复习功课。）：在这个句子中，“To pass the exam”是动词不定式短语作目的状语。句子的谓语动词是“reviewed”，“he”是执行者。“To pass the exam”表明了“he reviewed his lessons carefully”的目的是“通过考试”。如果对这个句子的目的状语进行提问，就是“Why did he review his lessons carefully?（他为什么认真复习功课？）”，回答就是“To pass the exam.（为了通过考试。）”。 She gets up early every morning to catch the first bus.（她每天早上早早起床为了赶上第一班公交车。）：“To catch the first bus”是目的状语，说明“gets up early”的目的。“She”是主语，“gets up”是谓语。同样，如果问“Why does she get up early every morning?（她为什么每天早上早早起床？）”，答案就是“To catch the first bus.（为了赶上第一班公交车。）” 。 3. 与其他表目的结构的转换 in order to：“in order to + 动词原形”也表示目的，与“to + 动词原形”用法相似，可位于句首或句末。位于句首时，同样用逗号隔开；位于句末时，不用逗号隔开。例如：In order to pass the exam, he reviewed his lessons carefully. = He reviewed his lessons carefully in order to pass the exam.（为了通过考试，他认真复习功课。）不过“in order to”结构相比单纯的“to”结构，语气上稍显正式 。 so as to：“so as to + 动词原形”同样表目的，但它只能位于句末，不能用于句首。例如：She gets up early every morning so as to catch the first bus.（她每天早上早早起床以便赶上第一班公交车。）不能写成“So as to catch the first bus, she gets up early every morning.” 。 so that / in order that：这两个短语后面接从句，从句中通常有情态动词，如“can / could / may / might”等，用来表示目的。例如：He reviewed his lessons carefully so that he could pass the exam.（他认真复习功课以便他能通过考试。）She gets up early every morning in order that she can catch the first bus.（她每天早上早早起床以便她能赶上第一班公交车。） 与“to do”“in order to do”“so as to do”不同的是，“so that / in order that”引导的是目的状语从句，有完整的主谓结构 。 4. 否定形式 动词不定式作目的状语的否定形式是在“to”前面加“not”，即“not to + 动词原形” 。例如：He worked hard not to fail the exam.（他努力学习以免考试不及格。）这里“not to fail the exam”是“worked hard”的目的，即努力学习是为了避免不及格。又如：She got up early not to be late for school.（她早早起床为了上学不迟到。）“not to be late for school”明确了“got up early”的目的是防止上学迟到 。 核心知识回顾 动词不定式作目的状语和宾语补足语的对比 动词不定式作目的状语 动词不定式作宾语补足语 定义与功能 表示谓语动词行为的目的，回答 “为什么做某事”，说明动作发生的意图。 补充说明宾语的动作、状态或特征，使句子意思更完整，和宾语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 位置特点 位置灵活，可置于句首（常用逗号与主句隔开），也可放在句末（一般不用逗号隔开）。 位于宾语之后，紧跟在宾语后面。 常见动词搭配 可与各类动词、动词短语连用，不受特定动词限制。 与特定的及物动词搭配使用，如 ask, tell, want, allow, help 等，这些动词有 “使役”“请求” 等含义。 句子结构分析 主语 + 谓语动词 + 其他成分 + to + 动词原形（目的状语）；to + 动词原形，主语 + 谓语动词 + 其他成分。 主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + to + 动词原形（宾语补足语）。 例句 To catch the early bus, she got up at 6 o'clock.（为赶早班车，她 6 点起床。） She goes to the library to borrow books.（她去图书馆借书。） Her parents want her to study hard.（她父母希望她努力学习。“her” 是 “to study hard” 的逻辑主语） The teacher asked the students to clean the classroom.（老师让学生打扫教室。） 与句子成分关系 与整个句子的谓语动词存在目的关联，修饰的是整个句子的动作。 与句子中的宾语紧密相关，是对宾语行为或状态的补充说明。 是否可转换 可转换为 “in order to”“so as to” 等结构，或 “so that”“in order that” 引导的目的状语从句。 一般不可转换为其他表目的结构，其作用是补充宾语信息，与表目的结构功能不同。 综合实战演练 一、单项选择 1．My bag is old. I went to that shop ________ a new one yesterday. A．to buy B．buy C．buying D．bought 2．—What else should we pay attention to ________ our grades during the exam? —Thinking and writing more carefully. A．improving B．to improve C．improve D．improved 3．Mr. Green tried his best ________ his students understand the difficult math problem. A．help B．helped C．to help D．helping 4．People are cutting down trees for wood ________ space for farming. A．make B．makes C．made D．to make 5．_______ online scams, police, banks and tech businesses need to work together more. A．Fight B．Fighting C．To fight D．Fought 6．You need a knife ________ the red paper. A．to cut B．cut C．cuts D．cutting 7．The government is developing new plans ________ ancient buildings. A．protect B．to protect C．protects D．protected 8．—Why are the volunteers cleaning the park so carefully? —They are working hard ______ the park a more pleasant place for everyone. A．make B．makes C．making D．to make 9．The students put on a show ________ money for a school in the village. A．raise B．to raise C．raising D．to rise 10．We should build on past achievements and work together ________ a better world. A．make B．making C．made D．to make 11．The doctors said that they would do what they could ______ the sick man. A．save B．to save C．saved D．saving 12．Many countries have food banks ________ food waste. A．reduced B．reducing C．to reduce D．reduce 13．The police officer ran into the room ________ a little girl. A．to save B．save C．saving D．saved 14．Today, we must continue working ________ our skies blue, waters clear and lands clean. A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．to keeping 15．—What do you usually do ________ weekends, Kate? —I often volunteer at an animal hospital and do what I can ________ for the animals. A．at; care B．on; care C．on; caring D．at; to care 16．— ________ better use of AI, one must first know how AI works. — Yes. And we should understand what it is good at and weak in. A．Make B．To make C．Making D．To Making 17．________ kids learn to read, she volunteers at the community library once a week. A．Help B．Helps C．To help D．Helping 18．—Why do you go to the supermarket? —________ some food. A．Buy B．Buying C．To buy D．Buys 19．Mary used clay ________ a nice cup for her mother. A．make B．to make C．made D．making 20．The Torch Festival is a special day for the Yi people ________ a hero. A．remembering B．remember C．to remember D．remembered 21．When the number of visitors in Nanjing Museum becomes larger at weekends, the Volunteer Club is willing to do something ________ everything in order. A．to keep B．kept C．keeping D．to keeping 22．—You can hardly imagine how hard Tom practised ______ the P.E. exam. —Oh, I see him running alone in the playground every day. A．pass B．passing C．to pass D．passed 23．Last weekend Tom went to the library ________ some books on music. A．borrow B．borrowed C．to borrow D．borrowing 24．Many teenagers are having poor eyesight now, so parents should take action ________ the problem from getting worse. A．to stop B．stopping C．stopped D．stop 25．Tracy takes exercise three times a week _______ healthy. A．staying B．stay C．to stay D．stays 26．Mike says he will try his best ________ me with English. A．help B．helps C．to help D．helping 27．Zhou Dong’s team set up an online shop ________ the oranges. A．sell B．to sell C．selling D．sold 28．We need water ________ plants. A．grow B．growing C．to grow D．grew 29．We must work hard ______ a better life. A．live B．living C．to living D．to live 30．Some people like to collect things ________ something important in their lives. A．remember B．remembers C．remembered D．to remember 31．Jack has decided to visit China next month ________ more about Chinese traditional culture. A．learning B．to learn C．learned D．learn 32．In the eighteenth century a lot of musicians came ________ and work in Vienna. A．study B．to study C．studied D．studies 33．If each of us makes an effort _______ something meaningful, our society will be increasingly better. A．do B．doing C．to be done D．to do 34．Jack will join a summer camp he’s looking forward to _______ different kinds of abilities, A．develop B．develops C．developing D．to develop 35．______ Chinese culture, many college students go to foreign countries every year. A．To spread B．Spread C．Spreading D．Spreads 36．China and the European Union will work together ________ the SMILE satellite into space in order to gain a deeper understanding of the Sun-Earth relation. A．to send B．send C．sending D．sent 37．________ my mother a surprise, I will cook a bowl of noodles for her on her birthday. A．Give B．To give C．Giving D．To be given 38．We should do what we can ________ those who needs help. A．help B．to help C．helped D．helping 39．—________ the beautiful Qinhuai River scenes, many tourists like to take a boat tour. —That’s true! The Qinhuai River has also attracted poets from different dynasties. A．Enjoy B．Enjoying C．Enjoyed D．To enjoy 40．Our teachers always try to do what they can ________ us to understand the knowledge they teach. A．help B．helping C．helps D．to help 二、单词拼写 41． (make) paper-cuts, you need to prepare a pair of scissors and some paper. 42． Then he and your uncle made a project (build) shops and houses on your land so that they could sell them for a profit. 43． A few yards away, we stopped (laugh) loudly. 44． Mrs. Green is an old lady. She has a small car, and she always drives to the shops (buy) food. 45．I called the bus company the next day (check) if they could find it, but it wasn’t there. 46．I went to Sandy’s home (make) the card for my mother. 47．Perhaps we need some tools (fix) the new machine. 48．Practice makes perfect. We should practice as hard as we can (learn) English well. 49． (arrive) there on time, we have to get up at 5:30 a.m. 50．My daughter likes cards, but I don’t know which shop to go to (buy) My Little Pony cards. 51． (protect) the environment, we must try to use fewer plastic bags. 52．You need to wear sunglasses (protect) your eyes from the hot sun. 53．In China, family members get together (celebrate) the Mid-autumn Festival. 54． (realize) his dream, he works as hard as he can without giving up. 55．We don’t have enough money (cover) one more holiday. 56．Let’s do something (save) the animals in danger. 57．We must (work) together (finish) the cleaning on time. 58．We (divide) ourselves three groups (clean) up. 59．The students (practice) hard (put) on the drama show. 60．We (dig) holes and tried our best (plant) the trees carefully. 三、完成句子 61．为了纪念他，人们以他的名字命名了这个节日。 , people named the festival as his name. 62．你可以把搅拌器拆开来清洁。 You can take the mixer it. 63．春节时，每家都会贴窗花来表达最美好的祝福。 During the Spring Festival, every family will stick window decorations to . 64．当你感到沮丧时，能做什么来使自己振奋起来？ What can you do when you feel down? 65．他没有东西可吃。 He has . 66．为了帮助他人，莉莉决定组织一场筹款活动。 others, Lily decided to organize a money-raising activity. 67．为了保护环境，每个人都必须回收资源并节约能源。 the environment, everyone must recycle and save energy. 68．我们应该在日常生活中尽力节约用水。 We should try our best to in our . 69．明天早上，我们将出发去农场摘苹果。 We a farm to apples tomorrow morning. 70．为了帮助这些老人，我们班上周组织了一次志愿者活动。 these old people, our class held a volunteer activity last week. 71．为了使世界变得更绿色，中国鼓励其公民采用低碳的生活方式。 the world greener, China encourages its citizens to adopt low-carbon lifestyles. 72．她将去英国的Woodland School学习一年。 She Woodland School in England for one year. 73．为了守护这片绿水青山，贵州正与全球科学家合作，探索利用风能与太阳能等清洁能源发电的新方式。 these green mountains and clear water, Guizhou is exploring new ways of producing power through clean energy like wind and solar with scientists worldwide. 74．我们总是尽最大努力充分利用这种能量。 We are always to this energy. 75．学校通常组织多彩的活动来庆祝儿童节。 Schools usually organize colorful activities Children’s Day. 76．为了实现我们的梦想，我们应该努力学习，决不放弃。 , we should study hard and never give up. 77．贵州政府正在致力于提高服务，向全世界宣传贵州。 The Guizhou government is making efforts services and introduce Guizhou to the world. 78．为了给同学们留下好印象，我在周末精心准备。 a good my classmates, I was preparing for it carefully during the weekend. 79．当时他的团队没有任何计算机或数字计算器，所以他们使用算盘和尺子来解决问题。 At that time, his team didn’t have any computers or digital calculators, so they abacuses and rulers problems. 80．为了实现梦想，我们必须努力学习，永不放弃。 , we should study hard and never give up. 参考答案 一、 1．A 【解析】句意：我的包旧了。昨天我去那家店买了一个新的。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I went to that shop...a new one yesterday.”可知，此处应用动词不定式to buy a new one作目的状语。故选A。 2．B 【解析】句意：——为了在考试期间提高我们成绩，我们还应该注意什么？——认真思考和书写。 考查非谓语动词。根据“What else should we pay attention to...our grades during the exam?”可知，此处表示为了在考试期间提高我们成绩，我们还应该注意什么，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。 3．C 【解析】句意：格林先生尽力帮助他的学生理解这道数学难题。 考查动词不定式。根据“tried his best...”可知，try one’s best to do sth.意为“尽最大努力去做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式to help。故选C。 4．D 【解析】句意：人们正在为了木材砍伐树木，为农业腾出空间。 考查非谓语动词。根据“People are cutting down trees for wood…space for farming”的语境可知，此处表示目的，用不定式结构，D项符合。故选D。 5．C 【解析】句意：为了打击网络诈骗行为，警方、银行和科技企业需要加强合作。 考查非谓语动词。根据“police, banks and tech businesses need to work together more.”可知，警方、银行和科技企业需要加强合作的目的是为了打击网络诈骗行为，故此处用动词不定式表目的。故选C。 6．A 【解析】句意：你需要一把刀来剪红纸。 考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据“You need a knife...the red paper.”可知，需要剪刀，是为了拿来剪红纸，故空格处需填入动词形式表示“用刀的目的”，此处为动词不定式to cut作目的状语。故选A。 7．B 【解析】句意：政府正在制定新计划以保护古建筑。 考查非谓语动词。根据“The government is developing new plans...ancient buildings.”可知，制定新计划是为了保护古建筑，故此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故空格处需用to protect。故选B。 8．D 【解析】句意：——为什么这些志愿者那么细心地打扫公园？——他们认真工作是为了使得这个公园对于每个人来说变成一个更令人愉悦的地方。 考查非谓语。make使得，动词原形；makes动词的三单形式；making动名词、现在分词；to make不定式。根据句子成分可知，空格处不作谓语。使公园变成一个更令人愉悦的地方是志愿者们认真打扫公园的目的，所以用to do不定式作目的状语，用to make。故选D。 9．B 【解析】句意：学生们举行了一场表演，为村里的一所学校筹集资金。 考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。raise筹集、饲养、升起；rise升起、上升。根据“put on a show ... money”可知，举行表演是为了筹钱，故用不定式表示目的。故选B。 10．D 【解析】句意：我们应该在过去的成就基础上再接再厉，共同努力创造一个更美好的世界。 考查动词不定式。根据“We should build on past achievements and work together...a better world.”可知，在过去的成就基础上再接再厉并共同努力，以创造一个更美好的世界。此处应是动词不定式作目的状语，故选D。 11．B 【解析】句意：医生们说他们会尽他们所能去挽救这个病人。    考查不定式作目的状语。根据句意可知，此处需要不定式to save表示目的，意为“为了挽救”。故选B。 12．C 【解析】句意：许多国家建立了食物银行以减少食物浪费。 考查非谓语动词。空格处需填入一个非谓语动词形式，表示“食物银行”的目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。 13．A 【解析】句意：警察跑进房间救了一个小女孩。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“警察跑进房间”的目的是“救一个小女孩”，表示目的用动词不定式。故选A。 14．B 【解析】句意：今天，我们必须继续努力，让我们的天空湛蓝、水源清澈、土地洁净。 考查动词不定式。keep保持，动词原形；to keep去保持，动词不定式；keeping保持，动名词或现在分词；to keeping错误形式。根据“Today, we must continue working...our skies blue, waters clear and lands clean.”可知，我们继续努力的“目的是”让我们的天空湛蓝、水源清澈、土地洁净。此处应该使用动词不定式“to keep”来表示目的是“保持”环境洁净。故选B。 15．D 【解析】句意：——凯特，你周末通常做什么？——我经常在动物医院做志愿者，尽我所能照顾动物。 考查介词辨析和非谓语动词。at在……；on在……之时。“在周末”常用介词at或on，at weekends和on weekends均正确；第二空“do what I can”后接动词不定式to care表示目的，即“尽我所能去照顾动物”，故选D。 16．B 【解析】句意：—— 为了更好地利用人工智能，人们必须首先了解人工智能是如何运作的。 —— 是的。而且我们应该明白它擅长什么和不擅长什么。 考查不定式的用法。根据“one must first know how AI works”可知，了解人工智能是如何运作的目的是更好地利用人工智能，此处作目的状语，不定式表目的。故选B。 17．C 【解析】句意：为了帮助孩子们学习阅读，她每周在社区图书馆做一次志愿者。 考查非谓语动词。根据“she volunteers at the community library once a week”可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故选C。 18．C 【解析】句意：——你为什么去超市？——为了买一些食物。 考查动词不定式。根据“Why do you go to the supermarket?”可知，答句使用动词不定式表示去超市的目的。故选C。 19．B 【解析】句意：玛丽使用粘土为她的母亲做一个漂亮的杯子。 考查非谓语动词。use sth. to do sth.“用某物做某事”，是固定搭配。故选B。 20．C 【解析】句意：火把节是彝族人民纪念一位英雄的特殊日子。 考查非谓语动词。此处表示目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。 21．A 【解析】句意：当周末南京博物院的参观人数增多时，志愿者俱乐部愿意采取行动以确保一切秩序井然。 考查非谓语动词。“...everything in order”是“do something”的目的，所以此处选填动词不定式形式作目的状语。故选A。 22．C 【解析】句意：——你几乎无法想象汤姆为了通过体育考试练习得多么刻苦。——哦，我每天都看到他在操场上独自跑步。   考查非谓语动词用法。根据句意，practised是为了“pass the P.E. exam”，需用不定式作目的状语，故选C。 23．C 【解析】句意：上周末汤姆去图书馆借了一些关于音乐的书。 考查动词不定式作目的状语。结合句意和语境可知，“to borrow”是动词不定式，在句中作目的状语，表示“去图书馆”的目的是“借一些关于音乐的书”。故选C。 24．A 【解析】 句意：现在许多青少年视力不好，所以父母应该采取行动阻止问题变得更糟。    考查非谓语动词。根据“so parents should take action…the problem from getting worse.”可知，“采取行动”的目的是“阻止问题变糟”，因此此处需用不定式作目的状语。故选A。 25．C 【解析】句意：特蕾西每周锻炼三次以保持健康。 考查动词形式辨析。staying现在分词；stay动词原形；to stay动词不定式；stays动词三单形式。Tracy takes exercise three times a week是主句，后面部分表示目的，即锻炼是为了保持健康，需用动词不定式“to+动词原形”来作目的状语。故选C。 26．C 【解析】句意：迈克说他会尽最大努力帮助我学习英语。 考查非谓语动词。try one’s best to do sth.是固定搭配，意思是“尽某人最大努力做某事”。故选C。 27．B 【解析】句意：周东的团队开了一家网店来卖橘子。 本题考查非谓语动词。sell卖，动词原形；to sell动词不定式；selling现在分词或动名词形式；sold过去式和过去分词。根据“Zhou Dong’s team set up an online shop...the oranges.”可知，此处用动词不定式“to sell”表目的，即“建立网店的目的是销售橘子”。故选B。 28．C 【解析】句意：我们需要水来种植植物。 考查非谓语动词。根据“We need water”可知，考查固定短语need sth to do sth“需要某物做某事”，因此填不定式作目的状语。故选C。 29．D 【解析】句意：我们必须努力工作来过上更好的生活。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，这里已有谓语动词work，所以空处需填入非谓语动词形式。“努力工作”的目的是“过上更好的生活”，动词不定式可作目的状语，其结构为“to + 动词原形”。故选D。 30．D 【解析】句意：有些人喜欢收集东西，是为了记住他们生活中的一些重要事情。 考查非谓语。根据“something important in their lives.”可知这里是介绍收集东西的目的，所以是不定式结构to remember。故选D。 31．B 【解析】句意：杰克决定下个月去中国旅行，以便了解更多关于中国传统文化的内容。 考查动词不定式。根据“visit China next month”和“more about Chinese traditional culture.”可知，去中国旅行是为了了解更多关于中国传统文化的内容，应用不定式表示目的。故选B。 32．B 【解析】句意：在十八世纪，许多音乐家来到维也纳学习和工作。 考查to do不定式作目的状语。study学习，动词原形；to study学习，to do不定式；studied学习，动词过去式；studies学习，动词三单。根据“a lot of musicians came...and work in Vienna”可知，许多音乐家来到维也纳的目的是学习和工作，to do不定式作目的状语，故选B。 33．D 【解析】句意：如果我们每个人都努力做一些有意义的事情，我们的社会将越来越好。 考查非谓语动词。make efforts to do sth.表示“努力做某事”，动词不定式作目的状语。故选D。 34．D 【解析】句意：杰克将参加一个她期待的夏令营以发展各种各样的能力。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“she’s looking forward to”是后置定语，修饰先行词“a summer camp”，其中“to”是介词；而“发展各种各样的能力”是参加这个夏令营的目的，所以此处应用动词不定式“to develop”作目的状语。故选D。 35．A 【解析】句意：为了传播中国文化，每年都有许多大学生前往国外。 考查不定式用法。根据“many college students go to foreign countries every year.”可知，每年都有许多大学生前往国外是为了传播中国文化，这里需要用动词不定式表示目的。故选A。 36．A 【解析】句意：中国和欧盟将共同努力，将SMILE卫星送入太空，以便更深入地了解日地关系。 考查非谓语动词。分析句式结构可知主语为“China and the European Union”，谓语为“will work together”，故可知横线上为目的状语，即动词不定式表目的。故选A。 37．B 【解析】句意：为了给妈妈一个惊喜，我会在妈妈生日那天给她煮一碗面条。 考查非谓语动词。根据“... my mother a surprise, I will cook...”可知，give和cook的主语都是I，都是动作的执行者，使用主动语态，排除D；另外，句中已有谓语动词will cook，排除A；结合语境可知，做面条的目的是给妈妈一个惊喜，此处不定式位于句首作目的状语，排除C。故选B。 38．B 【解析】句意：我们应该尽我们所能去帮助那些需要帮助的人。 考查非谓语动词。这里can后省略了do；所以后面用不定式作目的状语。故选B。 39．D 【解析】句意：——为了欣赏秦淮河的美景，许多游客喜欢乘船游览。——确实如此！秦淮河也吸引了不同朝代的诗人。 考查非谓语动词。根据“...the beautiful Qinhuai River scenes, many tourists like to take a boat tour.”可知，许多游客喜欢乘船游览秦淮河是为了欣赏它的美景，所以此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选D。 40．D 【解析】句意：我们的老师总是尽力帮助我们理解他们所教的知识。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Our teachers always try to do what they can ... us to understand the knowledge they teach.”可知，“帮助我们理解他们所教的知识”是“老师们尽他们所能”的目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。故选D。 二、 41．To make 【解析】句意：要制作剪纸，你需要准备一把剪刀和一些纸张。 根据“you need to prepare a pair of scissors and some paper.”可知，准备剪刀和纸是为了制作剪纸，to do不定式作目的状语，句首首字母大写。故填To make。 42．to build 【解析】句意：然后他和你的叔叔制定了一个项目计划，要在你的土地上建造商店和房屋，以便他们能出售这些房产来获利。根据“made a project...shops and houses on your land”可知，“制定项目”的目的是“建造商店和房屋”，此处需要用动词不定式来表示目的，to build表示“为了建造”。故填to build。 43．to laugh 【解析】句意：几码远的地方，我们停下来放声大笑。根据“we stopped…loudly”可知，是停下来大笑，用stop to do sth表示“停下来去做另一件事”，故填to laugh。 44．to buy 【解析】句意：格林太太是一位老妇人。她有一辆小汽车，她总是开车去商店买食物。根据“drives to the shops…food”可知，此处用不定式作目的状语，表示“开车去商店”的目的是“买食物”，故填to buy。 45．to check 【解析】句意：第二天我给公交公司打电话，核实他们是否能找到它，但它不在那里。根据“I called the bus company…if they could find it”可知，此处用不定式作目的状语，表示“打电话”的目的是“核实”，故填to check。 46．to make 【解析】句意：我去桑迪家为给我妈妈制作卡片。根据“I went to Sandy’s home...my mother.”及提示词可知，去桑迪家的目的是制作卡片，用动词不定式表目的。故填to make。 47．to fix 【解析】句意：也许我们需要一些工具来修理这台新机器。fix“修理”，need sth. to do sth.“需要某物做某事”。故填to fix。 48．to learn 【解析】句意：熟能生巧。我们应该尽可能努力练习，以便学好英语。根据“We should practice as hard as we can ... (learn) English well.”可知，此处是动词不定式作目的状语，“practice as hard as we can”的目的是“学好英语”。故填to learn。 49．To arrive 【解析】句意：为了准时到达那里，我们必须在早上5:30起床。根据“we have to get up at 5:30 a.m”以及所给单词可知，必须在早上5:30起床的目的是为了准时到，应填arrive“到达”的动词不定式形式to arrive，作目的状语，句首首字母大写。故填To arrive。 50．to buy 【解析】句意：我的女儿喜欢卡片，但是我不知道去哪个商店买小马宝莉卡片。根据“but I don’t know which shop to go to”及“My Little Pony cards”可知此处表示去哪个商店才能买小马宝莉的卡片，用动词不定式表示目的，故填to buy。 51．To protect 【解析】句意：为了保护环境，我们必须尽量少用塑料袋。分析句子结构可知，此处是动词不定式“to protect”在句首作目的状语，表示“为了保护环境”这一明确目的，句首首字母要大写。故填To protect。 52．to protect 【解析】句意：你需要戴太阳镜来保护眼睛免受烈日的伤害。根据“You need to wear sunglasses…your eyes from the hot sun.”及提示词可知，空处应用不定式作目的状语，表达戴太阳镜是为了保护眼睛避免被晒伤，protect“保护”，动词。故填to protect。 53．to celebrate 【解析】句意：在中国，家庭成员团聚来庆祝中秋节。get together to do sth.表示“聚在一起做某事”，此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了庆祝”。故填to celebrate。 54．To realize 【解析】句意：为了实现梦想，他竭尽全力，永不言弃。他努力工作的目标是“实现梦想”，使用动词不定式表示目的。故填To realize。 55．to cover 【解析】句意：我们没有足够的钱来支付多一个假期的费用了。根据“We don’t have enough money...one more holiday”可知，我们没有足够的钱来支付多一个假期的费用，enough+名词+to do意为 “足够的……去做某事”，to do作目的状语，故填to cover。 56．to save 【解析】句意：让我们采取行动来拯救那些处于危险中的动物吧。分析句子可知，空处应该用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to save。 57． work to finish 【解析】句意：我们必须一起准时完成清洁工作。根据题意和提示词可知，情态动词must后接动词原形，所以，第一空应用work；第二空是不定式作目的状语，所以，应用to finish。故填work；to finish。 58． divided into to clean 【解析】句意：我们把自己分成三组去打扫卫生。第一个空，“divide...into...”是固定短语，意为“把……分成……”，句子陈述过去动作，用一般过去时，所以填“divided”；第二个空填“into” ；第三个空在句中作目的状语，要用动词不定式形式“to do”表目的，所以填“to clean”；故填divided；into；to clean。 59． practiced to put 【解析】句意：学生们努力练习以出演话剧表演。第一个空格处为谓语动词。句子描述的是过去发生的动作，时态为一般过去时。practice的过去式为practiced；第二个空处需填动词不定式to put作目的状语，表示“练习”的目的。故填practiced；to put。 60． dug to plant 【解析】句意：我们挖了坑，并尽最大努力仔细地种树。第一个空格处为谓语动词。根据并列谓语“tried”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。“dig”的过去式为“dug”；第二个空格，try one’s best to do sth“尽某人最大努力做某事”。故填dug；to plant。 三、 61． To remember him 【解析】to remember sb.“为了纪念某人”，动词后接宾格him“他”。故填To；remember；him。 62． apart to clean 【解析】根据中英文句子对比可知，此处需表达 “拆开来清洁”。“拆开”对应的固定短语为take apart；“清洁”在此处表示目的，需用动词不定式to clean。故填apart；to；clean。 63． express best wishes 【解析】express best wishes“表达最美好的祝福”，此处为不定式作目的状语，to后接动词原形。故填express；best；wishes。 64． to cheer yourself up 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“来使自己振奋起来”。cheer up“使振奋”，是动词短语，其前加to表示目的；主语是you，所以用其反身代词yourself，置于“cheer up”之间；故填to；cheer；yourself；up。 65． nothing to eat 【解析】根据汉语提示及“He has…”可知，nothing“没有任何东西”，不定代词，作宾语，to eat“为了吃东西”，作目的状语。故填nothing；to；eat。 66． In    order to help 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，in order to do sth.表示 “为了做某事”，句首首字母大写，help“帮助”。故填In；order；to；help。 67． To protect 【解析】据句意可知，此处表示“为了保护”，用不定式短语“to protect”作目的状语，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填To；protect。 68． save water daily life 【解析】根据汉语提示可知，所缺部分“节约用水”的英语为“save water”，“日常生活”的英语为“daily life”；try one’s best to do“尽某人最大努力做某事”，to do作目的状语；daily“日常的”，形容词作定语，修饰名词“life生活”，life作宾语。故填save；water；daily；life。 69． will leave for pick 【解析】根据“tomorrow morning”可知，句子时态为一般将来时，其结构为“will do”；leave for“出发去”，动词短语；pick“摘”，动词，不定式符号to后用动词原形。故填will；leave；for；pick。 70． In order to help 【解析】根据中英文提示可知，此处使用“in order to”表示“为了”，后接动词原形构成目的状语。“in order to help”置于句首时，首字母需大写，符合句子“为了帮助这些老人”的目的表达。故填In；order；to；help。 71． To make 【解析】make“使”，根据中文句意“为了使世界变得更绿色”可知，此处用不定式作目的状语，即“To make the world greener”。故填To；make。 72． is going to to study 【解析】打算去某地：be going to sp，主语是she，be动词用is；“去英国的Woodland School”的目的是“学习”，故此处用动词不定式作目的状语，学习：study。故填is；going；to；to；study。 73． To protect 【解析】protect“保护”，此处用不定式作目的状语。故填To；protect。 74． trying our best make good use of 【解析】try our best to do sth“尽我们最大努力去做某事”，结合空前的are，此处需用动词现在分词形式，构成现在进行时；make good use of“充分利用”，不定式符号to后跟动词原形。故填trying；our；best；make；good；use；of。 75． to celebrate 【解析】celebrate“庆祝”，用动词不定式结构，作状语，表目的。故填to；celebrate。 76． To achieve our dreams 【解析】根据中文提示可知，achieve one’s dream“实现某人的梦想”，主语是we，形容词性物主代词用our，dream用复数dreams，此处作目的状语，应该用动词不定式。故填To；achieve；our；dreams。 77． to improve 【解析】根据题干可知，空处缺少“提高”，应用动词不定式to improve表示目的。故填to；improve。 78． To make impression on 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少内容“给某人留下……印象”，make a good impression on sb“给某人留下好印象”，分析句子可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填To；make；impression；on。 79． used to solve 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，句子时态是一般过去时；使用： use，过去式是used；解决：solve，此处动词不定式作目的状语，故填used；to；solve。 80． To achieve our dreams 【解析】achieve one’s dream“实现某人的梦想”，主语是we，形容词性物主代词用our，dream用复数dreams，此处作目的状语，应该用动词不定式。故填To；achieve；our；dreams。 ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024) Unit 5 Play by the rules?语法知识 必备知识清单 单元语法释疑 动词不定式作目的状语 1. 基本结构与含义 动词不定式作目的状语，通常由“to + 动词原形”构成，用来表明句子谓语动词行为的目的，回答“为什么做某事（Why do sth.?）”这一问题 。它在句中位置较为灵活，可置于句首，也可放在句末。 置于句首时，通常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，起到强调目的的作用，使读者或听者一开始就明确行为的意图。例如：To get good grades, she studies hard every day.（为了取得好成绩，她每天都努力学习。）这里“To get good grades”置于句首，突出了“努力学习”的目的是“取得好成绩” 。 置于句末时，一般不用逗号隔开，是较为常见的表达方式。例如：She studies hard every day to get good grades.（她每天努力学习为了取得好成绩。）此时句子重心先落在“她每天努力学习”这一行为上，最后说明目的。 2. 用法例析 To pass the exam, he reviewed his lessons carefully.（为了通过考试，他认真复习功课。）：在这个句子中，“To pass the exam”是动词不定式短语作目的状语。句子的谓语动词是“reviewed”，“he”是执行者。“To pass the exam”表明了“he reviewed his lessons carefully”的目的是“通过考试”。如果对这个句子的目的状语进行提问，就是“Why did he review his lessons carefully?（他为什么认真复习功课？）”，回答就是“To pass the exam.（为了通过考试。）”。 She gets up early every morning to catch the first bus.（她每天早上早早起床为了赶上第一班公交车。）：“To catch the first bus”是目的状语，说明“gets up early”的目的。“She”是主语，“gets up”是谓语。同样，如果问“Why does she get up early every morning?（她为什么每天早上早早起床？）”，答案就是“To catch the first bus.（为了赶上第一班公交车。）” 。 3. 与其他表目的结构的转换 in order to：“in order to + 动词原形”也表示目的，与“to + 动词原形”用法相似，可位于句首或句末。位于句首时，同样用逗号隔开；位于句末时，不用逗号隔开。例如：In order to pass the exam, he reviewed his lessons carefully. = He reviewed his lessons carefully in order to pass the exam.（为了通过考试，他认真复习功课。）不过“in order to”结构相比单纯的“to”结构，语气上稍显正式 。 so as to：“so as to + 动词原形”同样表目的，但它只能位于句末，不能用于句首。例如：She gets up early every morning so as to catch the first bus.（她每天早上早早起床以便赶上第一班公交车。）不能写成“So as to catch the first bus, she gets up early every morning.” 。 so that / in order that：这两个短语后面接从句，从句中通常有情态动词，如“can / could / may / might”等，用来表示目的。例如：He reviewed his lessons carefully so that he could pass the exam.（他认真复习功课以便他能通过考试。）She gets up early every morning in order that she can catch the first bus.（她每天早上早早起床以便她能赶上第一班公交车。） 与“to do”“in order to do”“so as to do”不同的是，“so that / in order that”引导的是目的状语从句，有完整的主谓结构 。 4. 否定形式 动词不定式作目的状语的否定形式是在“to”前面加“not”，即“not to + 动词原形” 。例如：He worked hard not to fail the exam.（他努力学习以免考试不及格。）这里“not to fail the exam”是“worked hard”的目的，即努力学习是为了避免不及格。又如：She got up early not to be late for school.（她早早起床为了上学不迟到。）“not to be late for school”明确了“got up early”的目的是防止上学迟到 。 核心知识回顾 动词不定式作目的状语和宾语补足语的对比 动词不定式作目的状语 动词不定式作宾语补足语 定义与功能 表示谓语动词行为的目的，回答 “为什么做某事”，说明动作发生的意图。 补充说明宾语的动作、状态或特征，使句子意思更完整，和宾语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 位置特点 位置灵活，可置于句首（常用逗号与主句隔开），也可放在句末（一般不用逗号隔开）。 位于宾语之后，紧跟在宾语后面。 常见动词搭配 可与各类动词、动词短语连用，不受特定动词限制。 与特定的及物动词搭配使用，如 ask, tell, want, allow, help 等，这些动词有 “使役”“请求” 等含义。 句子结构分析 主语 + 谓语动词 + 其他成分 + to + 动词原形（目的状语）；to + 动词原形，主语 + 谓语动词 + 其他成分。 主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + to + 动词原形（宾语补足语）。 例句 To catch the early bus, she got up at 6 o'clock.（为赶早班车，她 6 点起床。） She goes to the library to borrow books.（她去图书馆借书。） Her parents want her to study hard.（她父母希望她努力学习。“her” 是 “to study hard” 的逻辑主语） The teacher asked the students to clean the classroom.（老师让学生打扫教室。） 与句子成分关系 与整个句子的谓语动词存在目的关联，修饰的是整个句子的动作。 与句子中的宾语紧密相关，是对宾语行为或状态的补充说明。 是否可转换 可转换为 “in order to”“so as to” 等结构，或 “so that”“in order that” 引导的目的状语从句。 一般不可转换为其他表目的结构，其作用是补充宾语信息，与表目的结构功能不同。 综合实战演练 一、单项选择 1．My bag is old. I went to that shop ________ a new one yesterday. A．to buy B．buy C．buying D．bought 2．—What else should we pay attention to ________ our grades during the exam? —Thinking and writing more carefully. A．improving B．to improve C．improve D．improved 3．Mr. Green tried his best ________ his students understand the difficult math problem. A．help B．helped C．to help D．helping 4．People are cutting down trees for wood ________ space for farming. A．make B．makes C．made D．to make 5．_______ online scams, police, banks and tech businesses need to work together more. A．Fight B．Fighting C．To fight D．Fought 6．You need a knife ________ the red paper. A．to cut B．cut C．cuts D．cutting 7．The government is developing new plans ________ ancient buildings. A．protect B．to protect C．protects D．protected 8．—Why are the volunteers cleaning the park so carefully? —They are working hard ______ the park a more pleasant place for everyone. A．make B．makes C．making D．to make 9．The students put on a show ________ money for a school in the village. A．raise B．to raise C．raising D．to rise 10．We should build on past achievements and work together ________ a better world. A．make B．making C．made D．to make 11．The doctors said that they would do what they could ______ the sick man. A．save B．to save C．saved D．saving 12．Many countries have food banks ________ food waste. A．reduced B．reducing C．to reduce D．reduce 13．The police officer ran into the room ________ a little girl. A．to save B．save C．saving D．saved 14．Today, we must continue working ________ our skies blue, waters clear and lands clean. A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．to keeping 15．—What do you usually do ________ weekends, Kate? —I often volunteer at an animal hospital and do what I can ________ for the animals. A．at; care B．on; care C．on; caring D．at; to care 16．— ________ better use of AI, one must first know how AI works. — Yes. And we should understand what it is good at and weak in. A．Make B．To make C．Making D．To Making 17．________ kids learn to read, she volunteers at the community library once a week. A．Help B．Helps C．To help D．Helping 18．—Why do you go to the supermarket? —________ some food. A．Buy B．Buying C．To buy D．Buys 19．Mary used clay ________ a nice cup for her mother. A．make B．to make C．made D．making 20．The Torch Festival is a special day for the Yi people ________ a hero. A．remembering B．remember C．to remember D．remembered 21．When the number of visitors in Nanjing Museum becomes larger at weekends, the Volunteer Club is willing to do something ________ everything in order. A．to keep B．kept C．keeping D．to keeping 22．—You can hardly imagine how hard Tom practised ______ the P.E. exam. —Oh, I see him running alone in the playground every day. A．pass B．passing C．to pass D．passed 23．Last weekend Tom went to the library ________ some books on music. A．borrow B．borrowed C．to borrow D．borrowing 24．Many teenagers are having poor eyesight now, so parents should take action ________ the problem from getting worse. A．to stop B．stopping C．stopped D．stop 25．Tracy takes exercise three times a week _______ healthy. A．staying B．stay C．to stay D．stays 26．Mike says he will try his best ________ me with English. A．help B．helps C．to help D．helping 27．Zhou Dong’s team set up an online shop ________ the oranges. A．sell B．to sell C．selling D．sold 28．We need water ________ plants. A．grow B．growing C．to grow D．grew 29．We must work hard ______ a better life. A．live B．living C．to living D．to live 30．Some people like to collect things ________ something important in their lives. A．remember B．remembers C．remembered D．to remember 31．Jack has decided to visit China next month ________ more about Chinese traditional culture. A．learning B．to learn C．learned D．learn 32．In the eighteenth century a lot of musicians came ________ and work in Vienna. A．study B．to study C．studied D．studies 33．If each of us makes an effort _______ something meaningful, our society will be increasingly better. A．do B．doing C．to be done D．to do 34．Jack will join a summer camp he’s looking forward to _______ different kinds of abilities, A．develop B．develops C．developing D．to develop 35．______ Chinese culture, many college students go to foreign countries every year. A．To spread B．Spread C．Spreading D．Spreads 36．China and the European Union will work together ________ the SMILE satellite into space in order to gain a deeper understanding of the Sun-Earth relation. A．to send B．send C．sending D．sent 37．________ my mother a surprise, I will cook a bowl of noodles for her on her birthday. A．Give B．To give C．Giving D．To be given 38．We should do what we can ________ those who needs help. A．help B．to help C．helped D．helping 39．—________ the beautiful Qinhuai River scenes, many tourists like to take a boat tour. —That’s true! The Qinhuai River has also attracted poets from different dynasties. A．Enjoy B．Enjoying C．Enjoyed D．To enjoy 40．Our teachers always try to do what they can ________ us to understand the knowledge they teach. A．help B．helping C．helps D．to help 二、单词拼写 41． (make) paper-cuts, you need to prepare a pair of scissors and some paper. 42． Then he and your uncle made a project (build) shops and houses on your land so that they could sell them for a profit. 43． A few yards away, we stopped (laugh) loudly. 44． Mrs. Green is an old lady. She has a small car, and she always drives to the shops (buy) food. 45．I called the bus company the next day (check) if they could find it, but it wasn’t there. 46．I went to Sandy’s home (make) the card for my mother. 47．Perhaps we need some tools (fix) the new machine. 48．Practice makes perfect. We should practice as hard as we can (learn) English well. 49． (arrive) there on time, we have to get up at 5:30 a.m. 50．My daughter likes cards, but I don’t know which shop to go to (buy) My Little Pony cards. 51． (protect) the environment, we must try to use fewer plastic bags. 52．You need to wear sunglasses (protect) your eyes from the hot sun. 53．In China, family members get together (celebrate) the Mid-autumn Festival. 54． (realize) his dream, he works as hard as he can without giving up. 55．We don’t have enough money (cover) one more holiday. 56．Let’s do something (save) the animals in danger. 57．We must (work) together (finish) the cleaning on time. 58．We (divide) ourselves three groups (clean) up. 59．The students (practice) hard (put) on the drama show. 60．We (dig) holes and tried our best (plant) the trees carefully. 三、完成句子 61．为了纪念他，人们以他的名字命名了这个节日。 , people named the festival as his name. 62．你可以把搅拌器拆开来清洁。 You can take the mixer it. 63．春节时，每家都会贴窗花来表达最美好的祝福。 During the Spring Festival, every family will stick window decorations to . 64．当你感到沮丧时，能做什么来使自己振奋起来？ What can you do when you feel down? 65．他没有东西可吃。 He has . 66．为了帮助他人，莉莉决定组织一场筹款活动。 others, Lily decided to organize a money-raising activity. 67．为了保护环境，每个人都必须回收资源并节约能源。 the environment, everyone must recycle and save energy. 68．我们应该在日常生活中尽力节约用水。 We should try our best to in our . 69．明天早上，我们将出发去农场摘苹果。 We a farm to apples tomorrow morning. 70．为了帮助这些老人，我们班上周组织了一次志愿者活动。 these old people, our class held a volunteer activity last week. 71．为了使世界变得更绿色，中国鼓励其公民采用低碳的生活方式。 the world greener, China encourages its citizens to adopt low-carbon lifestyles. 72．她将去英国的Woodland School学习一年。 She Woodland School in England for one year. 73．为了守护这片绿水青山，贵州正与全球科学家合作，探索利用风能与太阳能等清洁能源发电的新方式。 these green mountains and clear water, Guizhou is exploring new ways of producing power through clean energy like wind and solar with scientists worldwide. 74．我们总是尽最大努力充分利用这种能量。 We are always to this energy. 75．学校通常组织多彩的活动来庆祝儿童节。 Schools usually organize colorful activities Children’s Day. 76．为了实现我们的梦想，我们应该努力学习，决不放弃。 , we should study hard and never give up. 77．贵州政府正在致力于提高服务，向全世界宣传贵州。 The Guizhou government is making efforts services and introduce Guizhou to the world. 78．为了给同学们留下好印象，我在周末精心准备。 a good my classmates, I was preparing for it carefully during the weekend. 79．当时他的团队没有任何计算机或数字计算器，所以他们使用算盘和尺子来解决问题。 At that time, his team didn’t have any computers or digital calculators, so they abacuses and rulers problems. 80．为了实现梦想，我们必须努力学习，永不放弃。 , we should study hard and never give up. 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