Unit 1 Look it up!（重难词汇精练）英语沪教版2024八年级上册

Unit 1 Look it up! 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 恐龙 出生 有才智的；聪明的 苦难；疼痛 有才能的；天才的 艺术家；（尤指）画家 有艺术天赋的 （音乐作品的）一首 可能；大概；也许 死；死亡 笔记本 全部的；所有的 交通工具；车辆 （书籍的）编辑 史前的 安排；组织 完全地；彻底地 顺序 原来的；起初的 记录 短语 灭绝 历史悠久 一种 与…… 相似 与…… 属于同一种类 字母顺序 通识教育 起到重要作用 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. intelligent adj.→_______ n. 才智；智慧 2. talented adj.→_______ n. 天才；天资；天赋 3. artistic adj.→_______ n. 艺术家；（尤指）画家 →_______ n. 艺术；美术（art） 4. prehistoric adj.→_____________ n. 史前时期（prehistory）→_____________ n. 历史（history） →_______________ adj. 历史上著名（或重要）的；可名垂青史的（historic）→_______ adj. （有关）历史的 5. completely adv.→____ adj. 完全的；彻底的 6. original adj.→_______ adv. 原来；起初→____ n. 起源；源头；起因 7. suffering n.→_______ v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨 8. death n.n.→_______ v. 死亡→_______ adj.死亡的→_______ （现在分词形式） 9. organize v.→_______ n. 安排；组织 →_______ adj. 有组织的；系统的 10. order n. →_______ adj. 有序的 词汇语境练-句子 三、单项选择 1．Volunteers ______ an important role ______ helping those in need. A．play; on B．make; in C．play; in D．take; on 2．—What do you think of English? —I think English is as ________ as Chinese. A．useful B．more useful C．most useful D．the most useful 3．Sorry I’m late. I was talking with a friend and I ________ forgot the time. A．completely B．suddenly C．successfully D．strongly 4．Robert shows a great interest in science. He wants to be a(n) ________ when he grows up. A．artist B．scientist C．pilot D．pianist 5．If we don’t protect pandas, they will finally disappear from the world one day.（同义表达） A．die out B．die of C．die from D．die down 6.Linda’s T-shirt is similar ________ Helen’s. They’re both large and blue. A．to B．from C．for D．of 7．His dog ________ last week and his ________ made him very sad. A．died; die B．death; died C．died; death D．dead; death 8．The baby panda looked very lovely and interesting _________ birth. A．in B．on C．at D．for 9．You'd better______ more time talking with your parents so that they can understand you better. A．spend B．take C．cost D．pay 10．Can you give me ________ on it? A．some pieces of advices B．any piece of advices C．any piece of advice D．some pieces of advice 11．I have ________ in the encyclopaedia, and here’s the information I’ve found. A．looked it for B．looked for it C．looked it up D．looked up it 12.I like different kinds of machines and I want to be an ________ in the future. A．painter B．musician C．engineer D．invention 13.Some diseases have something to do with your eating habits. So it’s important for you to have a balanced diet.（同义表达） A．connect to B．are related to C．are linked D．do harm to 14.My mum spends all her free time ________ books. A．read B．reading C．reads D．to read 15．—There isn’t ______ meat in the fridge. Would you like to get ______ with me? —Yes, I’d love to. A．any; any B．some; some C．some; any D．any; some 16．A kind word costs ________, but it can warm someone’s heart. A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 17．— Listen! ________ is ringing the doorbell. Would you mind opening the door, Bill? — Of course not, Dad. I will do it right now. A．Everybody B．Somebody C．Anybody D．Nobody 18．—Is there ________ in your life? —Yes,of course. A． something lucky B．anything lucky C．lucky something D．lucky anything 19．—Mary, what happened to you? —Mom, there is ________ with my eyes. Help! A． wrong something B．wrong nothing C．something wrong D．nothing wrong 20．—Excuse me, may I come in now? —I’m afraid not. Look! Everyone ________ for their turn. A．wait B．waits C．is waiting D．are waiting 四、根据首字母或中英文提示填空。 1．—Who sent the box to us, Mom? What’s in it? —I’m not sure. P it’s a gift from your grandparents. 2．Dolphins are very i . They can learn many things. 3．Lao She was a t writer. He wrote many popular stories. 4．At the party, we can o some games. 5．When I think of the d (死亡) of my pet dog, I always feel sad. 6． (没有人) is in the office night now. 7．His new (笔记本电脑) has a longer battery life. 8．Sometimes life is filled with (痛苦). No matter what happens, we should face it bravely. 9．Please put the book back in the right (顺序) before you leave. 10．He loves to (记录) his favorite songs on his phone so he can listen to them later. 11．Free (教育) is provided for all the children under 16 in our country. 12．The w world is short of water. We shouldn’t waste (浪费) it any longer. 13．When my parents heard the terrible news, they were c shocked. 14．The twins look so s (相似的) that I can hardly tell them apart (分开). 15．What was your weight at your (出生)? 16．Her dream is to be an of the school newspaper. (edit) 17．They spent all weeks (organize) the surprise party for their friend. 18．I usually have a glass of milk and two (piece) of bread for breakfast. 19．I always dream of being an (art) in the future. 20．My little brother is interested in (恐龙) very much. 词汇语境练-语篇 五、语法填空 （篇章） Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and 1 (science). Da Vinci was 2 (extreme) intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science. Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. From an early age, he 3 (show) great intelligence and artistic talent. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His 4 (paint) are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some 5 (interest) drawings of flying machines and other vehicles. Dinosaurs Dinosaurs are 6 type of prehistoric animal. They are 7 (relate) to crocodiles, snakes and lizards. They are also the ancestors of today’s birds. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. The word “dinosaur” comes from two Greek words, and it means “terrible lizard”. Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two 8 four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants. Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died 9 . Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by 10 (study) their fossils. 六、语篇填词（篇章） 根据短文内容及首字母提示在所给横线上写出完整单词，并注意其形式。 The word “encyclopaedia” comes from Greek. It m 1 “general education”. An encyclopaedia is a t 2 of reference book (参考书) and there is the information from either all branches of knowledge or a special branch of knowledge. O____3___,People began to use it about 2,000 years ago. The oldest one is natural historian. It was written by Pliny the Elder. The modern encyclopaedias developed from dictionaries around the 17th century. Some encyclopaedias are made up of only one volume (册), but o 4 may have lots of volumes. There are also some online encyclopaedias, such as Wikipedia. They are often free for people l 5 for information. $$Unit 1 Look it up! 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 dinosaur 恐龙 birth 出生 intelligent 有才智的；聪明的 suffering 苦难；疼痛 talented 有才能的；天才的 artist 艺术家；（尤指）画家 artistic 有艺术天赋的 piece （音乐作品的）一首 perhaps 可能；大概；也许 death 死；死亡 notebook 笔记本 whole 全部的；所有的 vehicle 交通工具；车辆 editor （书籍的）编辑 prehistoric 史前的 organize 安排；组织 completely 完全地；彻底地 order 顺序 original 原来的；起初的 record 记录 短语 die out 灭绝 go back a long way 历史悠久 a type of 一种 be similar to 与…… 相似 be related to 与…… 属于同一种类 alphabetical order 字母顺序 general education 通识教育 play an important role 起到重要作用 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. intelligent adj.→_______ n. 才智；智慧 2. talented adj.→_______ n. 天才；天资；天赋 3. artistic adj.→_______ n. 艺术家；（尤指）画家 →_______ n. 艺术；美术（art） 4. prehistoric adj.→_____________ n. 史前时期（prehistory）→_____________ n. 历史（history） →_______________ adj. 历史上著名（或重要）的；可名垂青史的（historic）→_______ adj. （有关）历史的 5. completely adv.→____ adj. 完全的；彻底的 6. original adj.→_______ adv. 原来；起初→____ n. 起源；源头；起因 7. suffering n.→_______ v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨 8. death n.n.→_______ v. 死亡→_______ adj.死亡的→_______ （现在分词形式） 9. organize v.→_______ n. 安排；组织 →_______ adj. 有组织的；系统的 10. order n. →_______ adj. 有序的 【参考答案】 1.intelligence 2.talent 3.artist；art 4.prehistory；history；historic；historical 5.complete 6.originally；origin 7.suffer 8.die；dead；dying 9.organization；organized 10.orderly 词汇语境练-句子 三、单项选择 1．Volunteers ______ an important role ______ helping those in need. A．play; on B．make; in C．play; in D．take; on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：志愿者在帮助那些需要帮助的人方面扮演着重要角色。 考查动词短语。“play an important role in”是固定搭配，意为“在……中起重要作用”，这里表示志愿者在帮助有需要的人方面起重要作用，C选项正确。故选C。 2．—What do you think of English? —I think English is as ________ as Chinese. A．useful B．more useful C．most useful D．the most useful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得英语怎么样？——我认为英语和汉语一样有用。 考查同级比较。useful有用的，原级；more useful比较级；most useful最高级；the most useful定冠词the+最高级。根据“I think English is as...as Chinese.”可知，句中“as...as...”表示“像……一样……”，中间用形容词或副词的原级。故选A。 3．Sorry I’m late. I was talking with a friend and I ________ forgot the time. A．completely B．suddenly C．successfully D．strongly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：对不起，我迟到了。我在和一个朋友聊天，完全忘记了时间。 考查副词词义辨析。completely完全地；suddenly突然地；successfully成功地；strongly强烈地。根据“Sorry I’m late”可知，此处是说完全忘记了时间，故选A。 4．Robert shows a great interest in science. He wants to be a(n) ________ when he grows up. A．artist B．scientist C．pilot D．pianist 【答案】B 【详解】句意：罗伯特对科学表现出极大的兴趣。他长大后想成为一名科学家。 考查名词辨析。artist艺术家；scientist科学家；pilot飞行员；pianist钢琴家。根据“Robert shows a great interest in science”可知，他对科学感兴趣，因此他想成为科学家。故选B。 5．If we don’t protect pandas, they will finally disappear from the world one day.（同义表达） A．die out B．die of C．die from D．die down 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果我们不保护大熊猫，它们总有一天会从世界上消失。 考查动词短语。die out灭绝；die of死于；die from死于；die down减弱。根据“disappear from the world”可知是从世界上消失，即灭绝，划线部分和die out意义相近。故选A。 6.Linda’s T-shirt is similar ________ Helen’s. They’re both large and blue. A．to B．from C．for D．of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：琳达的T恤和海伦的相似。它们都是蓝色的大T恤。 考查介词辨析。to到；from从；for为了；of……的。be similar to“和……相似”，形容词短语。故选A。 7．His dog ________ last week and his ________ made him very sad. A．died; die B．death; died C．died; death D．dead; death 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他的宠物狗上周死了，狗的死让他非常难过。 考查一般过去时以及名词用法。died死，过去式或过去分词；die原形；death死亡，名词；dead死去的，形容词。根据“His pet dog…last week”可知，此处指他的宠物狗上周死了，句子时态为一般过去时，第一个空应用动词的过去式died；根据“the…of the dog”可知，此处指“狗的死”，第二个空应用名词death。故选C。 8．The baby panda looked very lovely and interesting _________ birth. A．in B．on C．at D．for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：熊猫宝宝出生时看起来非常可爱和有趣。 考查介词辨析。in在……里；on在……上；at在；for为了。根据“The baby panda looked very lovely and interesting ... birth.”可知，此处指熊猫出生时可爱且有趣，at birth“出生时”，介词短语。故选C。 9．You'd better______ more time talking with your parents so that they can understand you better. A．spend B．take C．cost D．pay 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你最好花费更多的时间和你的父母谈一谈，这样他们能更好的理解你。spend 花费，主语为人，常用于句型spend time doing sth.花费时间做某事；take花费，常用于句型It takes sb. sometime to do sth.；cost花费，主语应为物；pay付钱，常和介词for搭配，表示为…付钱。这句话的主语是人，并且使用了句型…time doing sth.，故应选A。 10．Can you give me ________ on it? A．some pieces of advices B．any piece of advices C．any piece of advice D．some pieces of advice 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你能给我一些建议吗？ 考查不可数名词和不定代词。advice“建议”为不可数名词，没有复数形式，排除A、B；表示“一些”时，some常用于肯定句或期望得到肯定回答的疑问句，而any常用于否定和疑问句中。本句为寻求建议的疑问句，符合使用some的情境，故选D。 11．I have ________ in the encyclopaedia, and here’s the information I’ve found. A．looked it for B．looked for it C．looked it up D．looked up it 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我在百科全书里查过了，这是我找到的信息。 考查动词短语和人称代词宾格用法。looked it for表达错误，look for是“动词+介词”组成的动词短语，人称代词宾格应置于for后面；looked for it寻找它；looked it up查找它；looked up it表达错误，look up是“动词+副词”构成的短语，人称代词宾格应置于两词之间。根据“and here’s the information I’ve found”可知，此处是指在百科全书里查到了它的相关信息，用look it up。故选C。 12.I like different kinds of machines and I want to be an ________ in the future. A．painter B．musician C．engineer D．invention 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我喜欢各种各样的机器，未来我想成为一名工程师。 考查名词辨析。painter画家；musician音乐家；engineer工程师；invention发明。根据“I like different kinds of machines…”可知，因为喜欢机器，所以成为“工程师”比较合理，故选C。 13.Some diseases have something to do with your eating habits. So it’s important for you to have a balanced diet.（同义表达） A．connect to B．are related to C．are linked D．do harm to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有些疾病与你的饮食习惯有关。所以对你来说有一个均衡的饮食很重要。 考查同义替换。connect to连接；are related to与……有关；are linked关联；do harm to对……有害。结合语境和下一句“So it’s important for you to have a balanced diet.”可知均衡饮食很重要，因为疾病与饮食习惯息息相关，这里“have something to do with”理解为“与……有关”，与选项B可用进行同义替换。故选B。 14.My mum spends all her free time ________ books. A．read B．reading C．reads D．to read 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我妈妈把所有的空闲时间都花在看书上。 考查非谓语动词。spend time/money (in) doing sth.“花费时间或金钱做某事”，固定词组。故选B。 15．—There isn’t ______ meat in the fridge. Would you like to get ______ with me? —Yes, I’d love to. A．any; any B．some; some C．some; any D．any; some 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——冰箱里没有肉了。你想和我一起买一些吗？——是的，我很乐意。 考查some和any的用法。第一个句子是否定句，用any表示“一些”；第二个句子是疑问句，希望得到对方的肯定回答，用some表示“一些”。故选D。 16．A kind word costs ________, but it can warm someone’s heart. A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一句善意的话不用花钱，但它却能温暖一个人的心。 考查不定代词的辨析。nothing没有什么；anything任何事物；something某物；everything所有事物。根据“but it can warm someone’s heart”可知，此处表示转折，空处应为nothing，cost nothing表示善意的话本身并不花钱。故选A。 17．— Listen! ________ is ringing the doorbell. Would you mind opening the door, Bill? — Of course not, Dad. I will do it right now. A．Everybody B．Somebody C．Anybody D．Nobody 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 听！有人在按门铃。比尔，你介意去开下门吗？ —— 当然不介意，爸爸。我马上就去。 考查复合不定代词。Everybody所有人；Somebody某个人；Anybody任何人；Nobody没有人。根据“is ringing the doorbell”可知，此处是肯定句，描述某个人在按门铃，身份是不确定的。故选B。 18．—Is there ________ in your life? —Yes,of course. A． something lucky B．anything lucky C．lucky something D．lucky anything 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你生活中有幸运的事吗？——当然有。 考查不定代词用法。something用于肯定句；anything用于疑问句或否定句；形容词修饰不定代词需后置。根据“Is there…”可知是疑问句，且“lucky”需置于代词后，所以填anything lucky。故选B。 19．—Mary, what happened to you? —Mom, there is ________ with my eyes. Help! A． wrong something B．wrong nothing C．something wrong D．nothing wrong 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——玛丽，你怎么了？——妈妈，我的眼睛有点不对劲。救命啊！ 考查形容词与不定代词的用法。something某事，一般用于肯定句及表示请求建议等含义的疑问句中；nothing没有东西。形容词修饰不定代词时，放在代词后面，排除A、B选项；根据“Help!”可知，玛丽的眼睛是出了问题，因此something wrong“有问题，有毛病”，符合语境。故选C。 20．—Excuse me, may I come in now? —I’m afraid not. Look! Everyone ________ for their turn. A．wait B．waits C．is waiting D．are waiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，我现在可以进来吗？——恐怕不行。看！每个人都在等待轮到他们。 考查时态及主谓一致。根据“Look!”及语境可知，此处表示正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，空处所在句的主语为“Everyone”，谓语用单数形式。故选C。 四、根据首字母或中英文提示填空。 1．—Who sent the box to us, Mom? What’s in it? —I’m not sure. P it’s a gift from your grandparents. 【答案】(P)erhaps 【详解】句意：——谁给我们寄的盒子，妈妈？里面有什么？——我不确定。也许它是来自你祖父母的礼物。根据“I’m not sure.”和首字母提示可知，此处表示猜测，也许是祖父母送的礼物。perhaps“也许”，副词修饰后面的句子，作状语。位于句首，首字母大写。故填(P)erhaps。 2．Dolphins are very i . They can learn many things. 【答案】(i)ntelligent 【详解】句意：海豚非常聪明。它们可以学很多东西。根据“They can learn many things.”可知，海豚很聪明 ；intelligent“聪明的”，形容词作表语。故填(i)ntelligent。 3．Lao She was a t writer. He wrote many popular stories. 【答案】(t)alented 【详解】句意：老舍是一位才华横溢的作家。他写了许多受欢迎的故事。空前是不定冠词a，空后是名词，可知空处填形容词，根据“He wrote many popular stories.”及首字母提示可知，此处指老舍是一位有才干的作家，talented“有才能的”符合句意。故填(t)alented。 4．At the party, we can o some games. 【答案】(o)rganize 【详解】句意：在聚会上，我们可以组织一些游戏。根据“At the party, we can...some games.”和首字母提示可知，此处指组织一些聚会上的游戏，organize“组织”，can后接动词原形。故填(o)rganize。 5．When I think of the d (死亡) of my pet dog, I always feel sad. 【答案】(d)eath 【详解】句意：当我想起我的宠物狗的死亡，我总是感到悲伤。根据汉语提示“死亡”，有多种表达形式，分析句子成分可知，这里应填名词：death。故填(d)eath。 6． (没有人) is in the office night now. 【答案】Nobody 【详解】句意：现在晚上办公室里没有人。nobody“没有人”，不定代词。故填Nobody。 7．His new (笔记本电脑) has a longer battery life. 【答案】notebook/laptop 【详解】句意：他的新笔记本电池寿命更长。notebook/laptop“笔记本电脑”，在句中作主语，谓语为“has”，用单数形式。故填notebook/laptop。 8．Sometimes life is filled with (痛苦). No matter what happens, we should face it bravely. 【答案】pain/suffering 【详解】句意：有时候，生活充满了痛苦。不管发生什么事，我们都应该勇敢地面对。pain/ suffering“痛苦”，这里泛指痛苦，用作不可数名词，故填pain/suffering。 9．Please put the book back in the right (顺序) before you leave. 【答案】order 【详解】句意：离开前请将书按照正确的顺序摆放。根据“in the right”以及汉语提示可知，此处考查order“顺序”。in...order“按照……的顺序”。故填order。 10．He loves to (记录) his favorite songs on his phone so he can listen to them later. 【答案】record 【详解】句意：他喜欢在手机上录制他最喜欢的歌曲，以便以后收听。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用record“记录”，动词，前边有不定式符合to，应用动词原形。故填record。 11．Free (教育) is provided for all the children under 16 in our country. 【答案】education 【详解】句意：我们国家为16岁以下的孩子提供免费教育。根据“...is provided for all the children under 16 in our country.”可知，此处需要一个名词作“provide”的宾语；根据中文提示， “教育”的英文表达是education，是不可数名词，故填education。 12．The w world is short of water. We shouldn’t waste (浪费) it any longer. 【答案】(w)hole 【详解】句意：整个世界缺水。我们不应该再浪费它了。根据“is short of water. We shouldn’t waste (浪费) it any longer”和首字母可推断是整个世界都缺水。whole“整个的”，形容词，作定语修饰名词world。故填(w)hole。 13．When my parents heard the terrible news, they were c shocked. 【答案】(c)ompletely 【详解】句意：当我父母听到这个坏消息时，他们完全震惊了。根据“they were…shocked.”可知他们完全震惊了。completely“完全”副词作状语。故填(c)ompletely。 14．The twins look so s (相似的) that I can hardly tell them apart (分开). 【答案】(s)imilar 【详解】句意：这对双胞胎看起来如此相似，以至于我几乎分不清他们。“similar”是一个形容词，意为“相似的”，故填(s)imilar。 15．What was your weight at your (出生)? 【答案】birth 【详解】句意：你出生时的体重是多少？“出生”birth，at one’s birth“在某人出生的时候”。故填birth。 16．Her dream is to be an of the school newspaper. (edit) 【答案】editor 【详解】句意：她的梦想是成为校报的编辑。根据英文句子和提示词可知，此处表达成为校报的编辑，空处应用名词作表语，edit“编辑”，动词，editor“编者”，名词。故填editor。 17．They spent all weeks (organize) the surprise party for their friend. 【答案】organizing 【详解】句意：他们花了整个星期为他们的朋友组织惊喜派对。spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，空处用动名词。故填organizing。 18．I usually have a glass of milk and two (piece) of bread for breakfast. 【答案】pieces 【详解】句意：我早餐通常喝一杯牛奶和吃两片面包。two后接可数名词复数，piece的复数形式pieces。故填pieces。 19．I always dream of being an (art) in the future. 【答案】artist 【详解】句意：我总是梦想将来成为一名艺术家。根据空前的“dream of being an”和所给单词可知，此处表示梦想成为一名艺术家，artist“艺术家”，an修饰单数名词。故填artist。 20．My little brother is interested in (恐龙) very much. 【答案】dinosaurs 【详解】句意：我弟弟对恐龙很感兴趣。dinosaur“恐龙”，此处用复数形式，表示概数概念。故填dinosaurs。 词汇语境练-语篇 五、语法填空 （篇章） Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and 1 (science). Da Vinci was 2 (extreme) intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science. Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. From an early age, he 3 (show) great intelligence and artistic talent. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His 4 (paint) are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some 5 (interest) drawings of flying machines and other vehicles. Dinosaurs Dinosaurs are 6 type of prehistoric animal. They are 7 (relate) to crocodiles, snakes and lizards. They are also the ancestors of today’s birds. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. The word “dinosaur” comes from two Greek words, and it means “terrible lizard”. Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two 8 four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants. Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died 9 . Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by 10 (study) their fossils. 【答案】 1．scientist 2．extremely 3．showed 4．paintings 5．interesting 6．a 7．related 8．or 9．out 10．studying 【导语】本文主要介绍了一本百科全书的两篇文章，一篇是关于莱昂纳多·达·芬奇，另一篇是关于恐龙的。 1．句意：莱昂纳多·达·芬奇是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。根据“painter, inventor, musician, engineer and…”可知，画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师这些都是职业，“科学家”是scientist，是名词。故填scientist。 2．句意：达芬奇是极其聪明的，他在许多不同的领域都有非凡的才能。 此处需要填入一个副词，修饰形容词intelligent，extreme的副词是extremely。故填extremely。 3．句意：从很小的时候，他就表现出了巨大的智慧和艺术才能。根据“From an early age”可知，本句的时态是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。show的过去式是showed。故填showed。 4．句意：他的画非常有名，其中一幅《蒙娜丽莎》可能是世界上最著名的画。根据“the Mona Lisa”可知，《蒙娜丽莎》是作品。本句表达的应是：他的画非常有名。“画、作品”可译为painting，是可数名词，此处需用名词的复数paintings。故填paintings。 5．句意：例如，他的笔记本上有一些有趣的飞行器图。根据“his notebooks include some…(interest) drawings of flying machines”可知，此处缺形容词，并且它是修饰物“drawings”，需用形容词“令人感兴趣的”interesting。故填interesting。 6．句意：恐龙是一种史前动物。“a type of”表示“一种”，这里是说恐龙是一种史前动物，故填a。 7．句意：恐龙和恐龙与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴属于同一物种。“be related to”是固定搭配，表示“与……属于同一种类”，这里是说恐龙与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴属于同一物种，故填related。 8．句意：恐龙在陆地上行走，要么用两条腿要么用四条腿“either...or...”是固定搭配，表示“要么……要么……；或者……或者……”，故填or。 9．句意：大约6600万年前恐龙突然灭绝了。“die out”表示“灭绝”，故填out。 10．然而，他们正在通过研究他们的化石来了解更多关于恐龙的知识。“by”是介词，后接动词的-ing形式，故填studying。 六、语篇填词（篇章） 根据短文内容及首字母提示在所给横线上写出完整单词，并注意其形式。 The word “encyclopaedia” comes from Greek. It m 1 “general education”. An encyclopaedia is a t 2 of reference book (参考书) and there is the information from either all branches of knowledge or a special branch of knowledge. O 3 ,People began to use it about 2,000 years ago. The oldest one is natural historian. It was written by Pliny the Elder. The modern encyclopaedias developed from dictionaries around the 17th century. Some encyclopaedias are made up of only one volume (册), but o 4 may have lots of volumes. There are also some online encyclopaedias, such as Wikipedia. They are often free for people l 5 for information. 【答案】1．(m)eans 2．(t)ype 3．(O)riginally 4．(o)thers 5．(l)ooking 【导语】本文介绍了“百科全书”的出处、作者以及内容。 1．句意：它意味着“通识教育”。根据首字母提示及“ ‘general education’ ”可知，空处指“意味着”，其英文为mean，主语It为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单三形式。故填(m)eans。 2．句意：百科全书是一种参考书，既有来自所有知识分支的信息，也有来自某一特殊知识分支的信息。a type of表示“一种……”，为固定短语。故填(t)ype。 3．句意：起初，大概2000年前人们开始用它。根据首字母提示可知，空处指“起初”，需要填入一个副词，其英文为originally；故填(o)riginally。 4．句意：一些百科全书仅由一册组成，但其他的一些有很多册。Some...others...为固定搭配，表示“一些……，其他的……”，Others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个，其余的”。故填(o)thers。 5．句意：他们对寻求信息的人来说是免费的。根据首字母提示及“for people...for information”可知，空处指“寻找”，其英文为look for，本句中第一个for为介词，其后跟动名词。故填(l)ooking。 $$