Unit 1 Look it up!（some &any 和复合不定代词）（单元核心语法精练）英语沪教版2024八年级上册

Unit 1 Look it up! 核心语法精练（some&any、复合不定代词） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 一、some 和any的用法 1 二、复合不定代词 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、选词填空 7 三、完成句子 8 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 一、语法选择 10 二、语法填空 13 一、some 和any的用法 1） some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。 2） some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas?      Could you give me some money? 3）some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine.   我在某杂志上读到这篇文章。 Any student in this school should follow the rules. 这所学校的任何一个学生都应该遵守规则。 二、复合不定代词 复合不定代词是指由some，any，no，every分别与one，thing，body等组合而成，具体形式如下∶ -one -thing -body some someone something somebody any anyone anything anybody every everyone everything everybody no no one nothing nobody 含有-one和-body的不定代词功能和意义基本相同，含有-one的不定代词比含有-body的不定代词正式。 (1)带有some的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句，带有any的复合不定代词一般用于否定句和疑问句。 例句：Someone is waiting for you at the gate.（有人在门口等你。）​ I have something important to tell you.（我有重要的事情要告诉你。）​ Did you see anything strange last night?（你昨晚看到什么奇怪的东西了吗？）​ There isn't anybody in the classroom.（教室里没有人。） (2)当表示请求、建议且希望得到对方肯定回答时，some及some构成的不定代词也可以用在一般疑问句中。 例句：Would you like something to drink?（你想要喝点什么吗？）​ Could you ask someone to help me?（你能叫个人来帮我吗？） (3)含有any的复合不定代词也可以用于肯定句中表示“任何人”或“任何事”。 例句：Anybody can learn to play the guitar with practice.（任何人通过练习都能学会弹吉他。）​ You can ask me anything you want to know.（你想问什么都可以问我。） (4)every-构成的复合不定代词可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句，表示“每一......”,具有 “整体、全部” 的概念，在不同句式中使用时，需结合语境理解含义。 例句：Did you understand everything in the lesson?（你理解课上的所有内容了吗？） Is everybody here today?（今天大家都到齐了吗？） (5) no-构成的复合不定代词，用于肯定中时，表示否定含义,意为“没有任何人/ 事（物）”可以not+any-复合不定代词互换。 例句：I have nothing to eat.= I don’t have anything to eat.我没什么吃的。 There is nobody in the room.= There isn’t anybody in the room.房间里没有人。 (6)以上复合不定代词都表示单数的概念，在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例句：Everyone likes music.（每个人都喜欢音乐。）​ Something is wrong with my computer.（我的电脑出问题了。）​ Nobody knows the answer.（没有人知道答案。） (7)else和形容词作复合不定代词的定语时都要后置，即：不定代词+形容词/else。 例句：I have nothing interesting to do.（我没什么有趣的事可做。）​ Did you meet anyone else at the party?（你在派对上还遇到其他人了吗？） 一、单项选择 1．—Would you like ________ ice cream after dinner, Chris? —Yes, please. A．any B．some C．a few D．many 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——克里斯，晚饭后你想吃些冰淇淋吗？——好的，谢谢。 考查限定词辨析。any任何；some一些；a few几个；many许多。“ice cream”在此为不可数名词，而a few和many修饰可数名词的复数形式，应排除；根据“Would you like…”可知，这是一个表示邀请或建议的疑问句，此时通常用some而不用any表示希望得到肯定回答。故选B。 2．I don’t have ________ cake. A．some B．any C．two D．twice 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我没有任何蛋糕。 考查代词用法及数词、副词辨析。some一些，用于肯定句或想要得到肯定回答的问句；any任何，用于否定句或疑问句；two二个，数词；twice两次，副词，不能直接修饰名词。根据“don’t”可知，本句为否定句；根据“cake”可知，cake为可数名词单数形式，需代词any“任何”。故选B。 3．—Do you have ________ to eat? —Sorry, I don’t have ________ food in my bag. A．anything; any B．anything; some C．everything; any D．everything; some 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你有吃的吗？——对不起，我的包里没有食物。 考查代词辨析。anything任何东西；everything一切；some一些；any任何。根据“Do you have...to eat”可知是有没有一些东西吃，疑问句中用anything；第二个句子是否定句，用any。故选A。 4．—I’m a little hungry. Could you give me ________food? —Sorry. I’m afraid there isn’t________left here. A．some; some B．any; any C．some; any D．any; some 【答案】C 【详解】句意： ——我有点饿了。你能给我一些食物吗？   ——对不起，恐怕这里没有剩下任何食物了。     考查不定代词辨析。some通常用于肯定句或表示请求、建议的疑问句中，希望得到肯定回答；any常用于否定句或疑问句中，表示“任何”或“一些”。根据“Could you give me ... food?”可知，此处是请求对方给食物，希望得到肯定回答，因此用some；根据“I’m afraid there isn’t ... left here.”可知，此句是否定句，表示“没有剩下任何食物”，因此用any。故选C。 5．—Are there any flowers in your school? —______. But there are ______ around my school. A．Yes, there is; some B．Yes, there are; any C．No, there isn’t; any D．No, there aren’t; some 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你们学校有花吗？——不，没有。但是在我的学校周围有一些。 考查一般疑问句和代词辨析。some一些，常用于肯定句；any一些，常用于否定句和疑问句。根据“Are there any flowers in your school?”及“But there are…around my school.”可知，此处作否定回答；根据“But there are…around my school.”可知，句子为肯定句，应用some。故选D。 6．To my surprise, my father hardly has _________ hair, because my dad is 85 years old. A．some B．any C．a few D．every 【答案】B 【详解】句意：令我惊讶的是, 我父亲几乎没剩多少头发了，因为我爸爸已经85岁了。 考查不定代词。some一些，用于肯定句中，表达希望得到对方肯定回答时，也可以用于疑问句中；any任何，用于否定和疑问句中；a few一些，修饰可数名词复数；every每一个。根据句中的“hardly”可知，本句为否定句，表示几乎没有头发。故选B。 7．My mom bought lots of bananas yesterday, but she hasn’t eaten ________ of them. A．some B．any C．either D．neither 【答案】B 【详解】句意： 我妈妈昨天买了很多香蕉，但她一个都没吃。 考查不定代词。some一些；用于肯定句或希望得到肯定答复的疑问句。any一些，任何一个；用于否定句或疑问句；either（两者中）任何一个；neither二者都不。由but表示转折，可知妈妈没吃任何香蕉，并且该句是否定句，故用any。故选B。 8．（易错题）Without ________, we should listen carefully during the class. A．no doubt B．any doubt C．some doubt D．some doubts 【答案】B 【详解】句意：毫无疑问，我们应该在课堂上认真听讲。 考查代词用法。without doubt意为“毫无疑问”，表示否定含义，其中doubt为不可数名词，前面用any修饰，起强调作用。故选B。 9．Air costs ________, but we can’t live without it. A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything 【答案】B 【详解】句意：空气不花钱，但我们离不开它。 考查不定代词辨析。something某事物；nothing没有什么；anything任何事物；everything一切事物。根据“Air costs ...but we can’t live without it.”可知，空气不花钱，是免费的，故选B。 10．Is there ________ in today’s newspaper? A．something new B．anything new C．some new things D．new anything 【答案】B 【详解】句意：今天的报纸上有什么新鲜事吗？ 考查代词辨析和定语后置。something某事，一般用于肯定句；anything任何事，一般用于疑问句和否定句。此句是疑问句，应用anything，new是形容词，修饰不定代词时，需要后置。故选B。 11．Nancy spoke in such a low voice that 　　　　 in the room could hear her. A．somebody B．everybody C．anybody D．nobody 【答案】D 【详解】句意：南希用如此低的声音说话，以至于房间里没人能听见她。 考查不定代词。somebody某人；everybody每个人；anybody任何人；nobody没人。根据“Nancy spoke in such a low voice”可知，南希说话声音如此之小以至于房间里没人能听到她（说的话）。故选D。 12．He’s telling us ________. A．something funny B．funny something C．anything funny D．funny anything 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他正在给我们讲好玩的事情。 考查定语后置。something funny好玩的事情；funny something表达错误；anything funny好玩的事情，用于否定句或者疑问句；funny anything表达错误。根据“He’s telling us...”可知，本句为肯定句，用something，something为不定代词，与形容词一起出现时，形容词作后置定语。故选A。 13．—Listen! ______ is singing next door.   —But I can’t see ______. Maybe it is the video. A． Everyone, someone B．Someone, anyone C．Anyone, anyone D．Anyone, someone 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——听！有人在隔壁唱歌。——但我看不见任何人。可能是视频。 考查复合不定代词。everyone每个人；someone某人；anyone任何人。根据“Listen! ... is singing next door.”可知，有人住在唱歌，用someone；根据“But I can’t see ... Maybe it is the video.”可知，我看不到任何人，用anyone。故选B。 14．—Does ________ in your class know how to make it? —Yes. We all learn the way to do it. A．someone B．none C．everyone D．no one 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你们班里面所有人都知道怎么制作它吗？——是啊。我们都学会了制作它的方法。 考查代词辨析。someone某人；none没有人；everyone每个人；no one没有人。根据“Yes. We all learn the way to do it.”可知，此处应是询问是不是每个人都知道制作方法，应用everyone。故选C。 15．—What will she do with the work? —She doesn’t want to do it by herself. She wants to ask ________ to help. A．someone else B．else someone C．someone other D．other someone 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——她将如何处理这项工作？ ——她不想自己做。她想叫其他人来帮忙。 考查复合不定代词和定语后置。someone某人，用在肯定句中；else其他的，别的，修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词之后，即someone else，排除B；other其他的，通常修饰名词复数，不修饰不定代词，排除C和D。故选A。 二、选词填空 1．Do you have (any/some) questions about rainforests? 【答案】any 【详解】句意：你有任何关于热带雨林的问题吗？some常用在肯定句当中；any常用与疑问句或否定句中。本句是一个疑问句，应用any表示“任何”，故填any。 2．Help yourself to (some, any) fish, Li Lei. 【答案】some 【详解】句意：随意吃些鱼吧，李磊。some用于肯定句中，any用于疑问句或否定句，本句为肯定句，故填some。 3．Look! (Some, Any) boys are playing football over there. 【答案】Some 【详解】句意：看！一些男孩在那边踢足球。根据“...boys are playing football over there.”可知，表示“一些”男孩在踢足球，应用不定代词Some，可用于肯定句，其后修饰名词复数boys。故填Some。 4．Why don’t you ask your parents for (some, any) money? 【答案】some 【详解】句意：你为什么不向你的父母要些钱呢？根据句型“Why don’t you do sth?”可知，表示征求意见，想要得到对方肯定的回答。some“一些”可用于想要得到肯定回答的问句中，故填some。 5．There (is/isn’t) any money in his pocket. 【答案】isn’t 【详解】句意：他口袋里没有钱。some用于肯定句中，any用于疑问句或否定句中；根据“There...any money in his pocket.”可知，本句为否定句。故填isn’t。 6． (Anybody, Nobody) is in the office, so where have they gone? 【答案】Nobody 【详解】句意：没有人在办公室，所以他们去了哪里？根据“so where have they gone?”可知，教室里没有人，应用Nobody。故填Nobody。 7．Did you see (somebody, anybody) there yesterday? 【答案】anybody 【详解】句意：你昨天在那里看到人了吗？somebody某人，常用于肯定句中；anybody任何人，常用于否定句和疑问句中。该句是一般疑问句，所以用anybody。故填anybody。 8．There’s (something, nothing) wrong with you. You don’t have to worry. 【答案】nothing 【详解】句意：你没有什么问题，你不必担心。考查不定代词。something表示某事，通常用于肯定句；nothing表示没有什么，通常用于否定句。根据“You don’t have to worry”可知，此处表示没有什么问题，应用nothing。故填nothing。 9．I have got (something, anything) important to tell you. 【答案】something 【详解】句意：我有一些重要的事告诉你。something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句或疑问句，此句是肯定句，用something。故填something。 10．Sorry, I am a stranger, too. You’d better ask someone . (else/other) 【答案】else 【详解】句意：对不起，我也是个陌生人。你最好问问别人。else“其他的”，修饰不定代词，放在其后；other“别的”，后接名词复数；因此此处要用else，someone else“别人”。故填else。 三、完成句子 1.寒假你经历过什么有趣的事情吗？ Did you experience in the winter vacation? 【答案】anything interesting 【详解】此句是疑问句，表示“……的事情”，应用anything；interesting“有趣的”，修饰不定代词需后置。故填anything interesting。 2．引擎出了问题，它发出奇怪的噪音。 There with the engine. It’s making strange noises. 【答案】 is something wrong 【详解】比较中英文意思可知，缺失内容为“出问题”。There is something wrong with sth.“……东西有问题”，固定搭配。故填is；something；wrong。 3.今天的报纸上没有什么有趣的事情。 There is in today’s newspaper. 【答案】 nothing interesting 【详解】根据中英文对照，缺少 “没有什么有趣的事情”，nothing “没有什么”，interesting“有趣的”。形容词作定语时，放在复合不定代词之后。故填nothing；interesting。 4.我们应该尽一切努力保护环境。 We should do we can the environment. 【答案】 everything to protect 【详解】根据中英文对比可知，缺少“一切”和“保护”的意思，其英文表达是“everything”和“protect”，保护环境是目的，用动词不定式。故填everything；to；protect。 5.但他认为一切皆有可能，只要你尽自己最大的努力。 But he thought as long as you try your best. 【答案】everything was possible 【详解】对照中英文，可知设空处缺“一切皆有可能”。“一切”的英语是“everything”；“可能的”的英语是“possible”，在句子中作表语。“一切皆有可能”是主系表结构，主语是“everything”，根据“thought”可知，该句是一般过去时，be动词填was。故填everything was possible。 6．We didn’t find anything in the classroom. (同义句) We in the classroom. 【答案】 found nothing 【详解】句意：我们在教室里什么也没找到。“didn’t find anything”的同义表达为“found nothing”，该句是一般过去时，谓语动词需要用过去式，故填found；nothing。 7.will, the, everything, in, free, future, be . 【答案】Everything will be free in the future 【详解】根据所给标点符号“.”和“will”可知该句为一般将来时的陈述句。everything首字母大写位于句首作主语，后接谓语动词will be，free作表语，in the future作时间状语。故答案为：Everything will be free in the future“将来一切将会是免费的”。 8.We can learn something meaningful from the story of Nezha 2. (变否定句) We learn meaningful from the story of Nezha 2. 【答案】 can’t anything 【详解】句意：我们可以从《哪吒2》的故事中学到一些有意义的东西。句子变否定句时，在情态动词can后加not，缩写成can’t；原句中的something在否定句中需改为anything。故填can’t；anything。 9.——你和别的什么人一起出去的吗？ ——不，没有人在这儿，每个人都在度假。 —Did you go out with ? —No. was here. was on vacation. 【答案】 anyone/anybody No one/Nobody Everyone/Everybody 【详解】由汉语和所给的英语翻译可知“有人”译成：someone或somebody；“没有人”译成：no one或nobody；“每个人”译成：everyone或everybody。在疑问句中，要用anyone或anybody代替someone。故填anyone/anybody；No one/Nobody；Everyone/Everybody。 10.There is someone knocking at the door. (变成一般疑问句) there knocking at the door? 【答案】 Is anyone 【详解】句意：有人在敲门。原句为there be句型，变成一般疑问句时，需将be动词is提前至句首，someone变为anyone。故填Is；anyone。 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 For hundreds of years, hot pot has always been one of China’s most popular foods. It is a traditional Chinese food that many people 1 for centuries. The beginning of hot pot came from the ancient Chinese way of cooking over 2 open fire. In the past, people would sit around a fire and boil meat, vegetables, and other food in a large pot. This method 3 cooking allowed people to share food while staying warm during cold·weather. One of the things I love about hot pot is that it can help me socialize (社交). 4 you want to look for a meal to share with your family, you should choose hotpot. It’s a great way to get together with friends and family. I remember one time when I went out for hot pot with my friends, and we spent hours 5 the delicious food. It was such a memorable and enjoyable evening. 6 thing that I enjoy about hot pot is the different kinds of food that you can cook in the broth. You have many choices to help you enjoy the meal. Whether you like spicy broth (辣汤) with beef and mushrooms, or a light broth with seafood and tofu, there’s 7 for everyone to enjoy. It is also convenient to have hot pot. Once the broth is ready, all you have to do is to drop in your food and let them 8 for a few minutes. 9 is really a perfect choice for people to have a relaxing dinner with friends or family. Overall, hot pot is a delicious, social, and customizable dining experience. It’s a great way to connect with others and have a flavorful meal 10 . 1．A．loved B．loves C．has loved D．have loved· 2．A．/ B．a C．an D．the 3．A．of B．with C．in D．to 4．A．Because B．As soon as C．Although D．If 5．A．enjoy B．enjoying C．to enjoy D．enjoyed 6．A．Another B．The other C．Other D．Others 7．A．everything B．anything C．something D．nothing 8．A．to cook. B．cook C．cooking D．have cooked 9．A．What B．It C．That D．This 10．A．happily B．happy C．more happily D．happier 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了火锅的历史，火锅的优点。 1．句意：这是一种许多世纪以来许多人一直喜爱的传统中国食物。 loved喜爱，过去式；loves喜爱，第三人称单数形式；has love喜爱，现在完成时（主语是第三人称单数）；have loved喜爱，现在完成时。根据“for centuries”可知，此处用现在完成时，结构是have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是many people，所以用have，love的过去分词是loved，故选D。 2．句意：火锅的起源来自古代中国在火上做饭的方式。 /零冠词；a不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单词前表泛指；an不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的单词前表泛指；the定冠词，表特指。根据“… open fire”可知，此处表示泛指，且open发音以元音音素开头，前面要加不定冠词an，故选C。 3．句意：这种烹饪方法让人们能够在寒冷的天气里一边取暖一边分享食物。 of……的；with和；in在……里；to朝向。a method of cooking表示“一种烹饪方法”，of“……的”符合语境，故选A。 4．句意：如果你想找一顿饭和家人分享，你应该选择火锅。 Because因为；As soon as一……就……；Although虽然；If如果，根据“… you want to look for a meal to share with your family, you should choose hotpot.”可知，此处表示假设，所以用if引导条件状语从句，故选D。 5．句意：我记得有一次我和朋友出去吃火锅，我们花了几个小时享用美味的食物。 enjoy享受，动词原形；enjoying享受，现在分词或动名词；to enjoy享受，动词不定式；enjoyed享受，过去式或过去分词。固定短语spend some time doing sth.意为“花费一些时间做某事”，enjoy的动名词形式是enjoying，故选B。 6．句意：我喜欢火锅的另一个原因是你可以选择不同种类的食物。 Another三者或三者以上的另一个；The other两者中的另一个，Other其他的；Others其他的人或物。根据“… thing that I enjoy about hot pot”可知，此处说的是另一件我喜欢的事情，表示三者或三者以上的另一个，用another，故选A。 7．句意：无论你喜欢牛肉蘑菇的辣汤，还是海鲜豆腐的清汤，每个人都有喜欢的东西。 everything每件事情；anything任何事情；something一些事情；nothing没有事情。根据“Whether you like spicy broth (辣汤) with beef and mushrooms, or a light broth with seafood and tofu, there’s … for everyone to enjoy.”可知，此处表示每个人都有喜欢的东西。something用于肯定句中，表示“某些东西”，符合语境，故选C。 8．句意：所有你必须做的是把你的食物扔进去，然后等几分钟。 to cook，烹饪，动词不等式；cook烹饪，动词原形；cooking烹饪，现在分词或动名词；have cooked烹饪，现在完成时。固定短语let sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，所以此处用动词原形，故选B。 9．句意：这是人们和朋友或家人一起吃一顿轻松的晚餐的完美选择。 What什么；It它；That那个；This这个。It is a+形容词+名词+for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是……，固定句式，It作形式主语，故选B。 10．句意：这是一个与他人联系并愉快地吃一顿美味佳肴的好方法。 happily愉快地，副词；happy愉快的，形容词；more happily更愉快地，副词比较级；happier更愉快的，形容词比较级。根据“have a flavorful meal…”可知，此处用副词修饰动词have，happily“愉快地”符合句意，故选A。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文， 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Two months ago, Kate finished middle school. She left her hometown and came to the city. Her aunt helped her find work in a factory. It was small and offered 1 rooms to the workers. She wouldn’t drop it 2 it was difficult for her to find another job there. She had to find a room for 3 (she). As she didn’t have enough money, she had to rent one outside the city. It was about half an hour by bus. The farmer and his family lived on the first floor. They rented all the others on the second and 4 (three) floors to the workers. So they built an attic (阁楼) on top of the building for the girl. It was low and small. She couldn’t 5 (easy) go to sleep in the hot night. She had to stay in it, hoping 6 (find) a better room one day. A month later, Kate went to pay the farmer for the rent. She found hers was the 7 （expensive） of all the boarders (房客). It made her feel strange and she asked, “My room is the smallest and the lowest, you know. But why do I have to pay more rents than 8 other boarder, sir?” At first the farmer didn’t know 9 to answer her. He thought and thought and at last he said, “Nobody 10 (use) all our steps except you.” 【答案】 1． few 2．because 3．herself 4．third 5．easily 6．to find 7．the most expensive 8. any 9．how 10．uses 【导语】本文讲述了凯特在完成中学学业后来到城市，在姑姑的帮助下找到了一份工厂工作，但由于经济原因只能在城外租房的经历。 1．句意：这家工厂很小，不为工人们提供宿舍。根据“It was small and offered…rooms to the workers”可知没房间可提供，few“没有”，修饰名词复数。故填few。 2．句意：因为在那里很难再找到其他工作，所以她并没有放弃这份工作。根据“it was difficult for her to find another job there”可知后句介绍的是原因，应用because“因为”引导原因状语从句。故填because。 3．句意：她需要为自己找一个房间。根据“She had to find a room for”可知她需要为自己找一个房间，所以应该使用反身代词herself来表示“她自己”。故填herself。 4．句意：他们把二楼和三楼的所有房间都租给了工人。根据“all the others on the second and…floors”可知此处应用序数词表示楼层，third是three的序数词。故填third。 5．句意：在炎热的夜晚，她很难入睡。分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰动词go，easily是其副词形式。故填easily。 6．句意：但她不得不住在那里，希望有朝一日能找到一个更好的房间。hope to do“希望做某事”固定用法。故填to find。 7．句意：她发现她的房租是所有房客中最高的。根据“of all”可知此处应用最高级，expensive“贵的”，最高级是most+形容词，其前用定冠词。故填the most expensive。 8.句意：但是，为什么我必须比其他任何一个房客支付更多的租金呢，先生？”。any other + 单数名词：在比较结构中表示 “其他任何一个”，用于排除自身，确保比较对象的唯一性。故填any。 9．句意：起初，农民不知道该怎么回答她。根据“He thought and thought”可知是不知道怎么回答，how“如何”符合语境。故填how。 10．句意：他想了又想最后说：“除了你，没有人会用完我们所有的台阶。”句子描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是不定代词，故用单三式。故填uses。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Look it up! 核心语法精练（some&any、复合不定代词） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 一、some 和any的用法 1 二、复合不定代词 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、选词填空 4 三、完成句子 5 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 5 一、语法选择 5 二、语法填空 7 一、some 和any的用法 1） some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。 2） some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas?      Could you give me some money? 3）some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine.   我在某杂志上读到这篇文章。 Any student in this school should follow the rules. 这所学校的任何一个学生都应该遵守规则。 二、复合不定代词 复合不定代词是指由some，any，no，every分别与one，thing，body等组合而成，具体形式如下∶ -one -thing -body some someone something somebody any anyone anything anybody every everyone everything everybody no no one nothing nobody 含有-one和-body的不定代词功能和意义基本相同，含有-one的不定代词比含有-body的不定代词正式。 (1)带有some的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句，带有any的复合不定代词一般用于否定句和疑问句。 例句：Someone is waiting for you at the gate.（有人在门口等你。）​ I have something important to tell you.（我有重要的事情要告诉你。）​ Did you see anything strange last night?（你昨晚看到什么奇怪的东西了吗？）​ There isn't anybody in the classroom.（教室里没有人。） (2)当表示请求、建议且希望得到对方肯定回答时，some及some构成的不定代词也可以用在一般疑问句中。 例句：Would you like something to drink?（你想要喝点什么吗？）​ Could you ask someone to help me?（你能叫个人来帮我吗？） (3)含有any的复合不定代词也可以用于肯定句中表示“任何人”或“任何事”。 例句：Anybody can learn to play the guitar with practice.（任何人通过练习都能学会弹吉他。）​ You can ask me anything you want to know.（你想问什么都可以问我。） (4)every-构成的复合不定代词可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句，表示“每一......”,具有 “整体、全部” 的概念，在不同句式中使用时，需结合语境理解含义。 例句：Did you understand everything in the lesson?（你理解课上的所有内容了吗？） Is everybody here today?（今天大家都到齐了吗？） (5) no-构成的复合不定代词，用于肯定中时，表示否定含义,意为“没有任何人/ 事（物）”可以not+any-复合不定代词互换。 例句：I have nothing to eat.= I don’t have anything to eat.我没什么吃的。 There is nobody in the room.= There isn’t anybody in the room.房间里没有人。 (6)以上复合不定代词都表示单数的概念，在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例句：Everyone likes music.（每个人都喜欢音乐。）​ Something is wrong with my computer.（我的电脑出问题了。）​ Nobody knows the answer.（没有人知道答案。） (7)else和形容词作复合不定代词的定语时都要后置，即：不定代词+形容词/else。 例句：I have nothing interesting to do.（我没什么有趣的事可做。）​ Did you meet anyone else at the party?（你在派对上还遇到其他人了吗？） 一、单项选择 1．—Would you like ________ ice cream after dinner, Chris? —Yes, please. A．any B．some C．a few D．many 2．I don’t have ________ cake. A．some B．any C．two D．twice 3．—Do you have ________ to eat? —Sorry, I don’t have ________ food in my bag. A．anything; any B．anything; some C．everything; any D．everything; some 4．—I’m a little hungry. Could you give me ________food? —Sorry. I’m afraid there isn’t________left here. A．some; some B．any; any C．some; any D．any; some 5．—Are there any flowers in your school? —______. But there are ______ around my school. A．Yes, there is; some B．Yes, there are; any C．No, there isn’t; any D．No, there aren’t; some 6．To my surprise, my father hardly has _________ hair, because my dad is 85 years old. A．some B．any C．a few D．every 7．My mom bought lots of bananas yesterday, but she hasn’t eaten ________ of them. A．some B．any C．either D．neither 8．（易错题）Without ________, we should listen carefully during the class. A．no doubt B．any doubt C．some doubt D．some doubts 9．Air costs ________, but we can’t live without it. A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything 10．Is there ________ in today’s newspaper? A．something new B．anything new C．some new things D．new anything 11．Nancy spoke in such a low voice that 　　　　 in the room could hear her. A．somebody B．everybody C．anybody D．nobody 12．He’s telling us ________. A．something funny B．funny something C．anything funny D．funny anything 13．—Listen! ______ is singing next door.   —But I can’t see ______. Maybe it is the video. A． Everyone, someone B．Someone, anyone C．Anyone, anyone D．Anyone, someone 14．—Does ________ in your class know how to make it? —Yes. We all learn the way to do it. A．someone B．none C．everyone D．no one 15．—What will she do with the work? —She doesn’t want to do it by herself. She wants to ask ________ to help. A．someone else B．else someone C．someone other D．other someone 二、选词填空 1．Do you have (any/some) questions about rainforests? 2．Help yourself to (some, any) fish, Li Lei. 3．Look! (Some, Any) boys are playing football over there. 4．Why don’t you ask your parents for (some, any) money? 5．There (is/isn’t) any money in his pocket. 6． (Anybody, Nobody) is in the office, so where have they gone? 7．Did you see (somebody, anybody) there yesterday? 8．There’s (something, nothing) wrong with you. You don’t have to worry. 9．I have got (something, anything) important to tell you. 10．Sorry, I am a stranger, too. You’d better ask someone . (else/other) 三、完成句子 1.寒假你经历过什么有趣的事情吗？ Did you experience in the winter vacation? 2．引擎出了问题，它发出奇怪的噪音。 There with the engine. It’s making strange noises. 3.今天的报纸上没有什么有趣的事情。 There is in today’s newspaper. 4.我们应该尽一切努力保护环境。 We should do we can the environment. 5.但他认为一切皆有可能，只要你尽自己最大的努力。 But he thought as long as you try your best. 6．We didn’t find anything in the classroom. (同义句) We in the classroom. 7.will, the, everything, in, free, future, be . 8.We can learn something meaningful from the story of Nezha 2. (变否定句) We learn meaningful from the story of Nezha 2. 9.——你和别的什么人一起出去的吗？ ——不，没有人在这儿，每个人都在度假。 —Did you go out with ? —No. was here. was on vacation. 10.There is someone knocking at the door. (变成一般疑问句) there knocking at the door? 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 For hundreds of years, hot pot has always been one of China’s most popular foods. It is a traditional Chinese food that many people 1 for centuries. The beginning of hot pot came from the ancient Chinese way of cooking over 2 open fire. In the past, people would sit around a fire and boil meat, vegetables, and other food in a large pot. This method 3 cooking allowed people to share food while staying warm during cold·weather. One of the things I love about hot pot is that it can help me socialize (社交). 4 you want to look for a meal to share with your family, you should choose hotpot. It’s a great way to get together with friends and family. I remember one time when I went out for hot pot with my friends, and we spent hours 5 the delicious food. It was such a memorable and enjoyable evening. 6 thing that I enjoy about hot pot is the different kinds of food that you can cook in the broth. You have many choices to help you enjoy the meal. Whether you like spicy broth (辣汤) with beef and mushrooms, or a light broth with seafood and tofu, there’s 7 for everyone to enjoy. It is also convenient to have hot pot. Once the broth is ready, all you have to do is to drop in your food and let them 8 for a few minutes. 9 is really a perfect choice for people to have a relaxing dinner with friends or family. Overall, hot pot is a delicious, social, and customizable dining experience. It’s a great way to connect with others and have a flavorful meal 10 . 1．A．loved B．loves C．has loved D．have loved· 2．A．/ B．a C．an D．the 3．A．of B．with C．in D．to 4．A．Because B．As soon as C．Although D．If 5．A．enjoy B．enjoying C．to enjoy D．enjoyed 6．A．Another B．The other C．Other D．Others 7．A．everything B．anything C．something D．nothing 8．A．to cook. B．cook C．cooking D．have cooked 9．A．What B．It C．That D．This 10．A．happily B．happy C．more happily D．happier 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文， 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Two months ago, Kate finished middle school. She left her hometown and came to the city. Her aunt helped her find work in a factory. It was small and offered 1 rooms to the workers. She wouldn’t drop it 2 it was difficult for her to find another job there. She had to find a room for 3 (she). As she didn’t have enough money, she had to rent one outside the city. It was about half an hour by bus. The farmer and his family lived on the first floor. They rented all the others on the second and 4 (three) floors to the workers. So they built an attic (阁楼) on top of the building for the girl. It was low and small. She couldn’t 5 (easy) go to sleep in the hot night. She had to stay in it, hoping 6 (find) a better room one day. A month later, Kate went to pay the farmer for the rent. She found hers was the 7 （expensive） of all the boarders (房客). It made her feel strange and she asked, “My room is the smallest and the lowest, you know. But why do I have to pay more rents than 8 other boarder, sir?” At first the farmer didn’t know 9 to answer her. He thought and thought and at last he said, “Nobody 10 (use) all our steps except you.” 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$