Unit 1 Look it up! 探索百科：名人事迹和其他百科知识（话题阅读精练）英语沪教版2024八年级上册

Unit 1 Look it up! 探索百科知识:名人事迹及其他百科知识 话题阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 完形填空 记叙文 248 通过黄旭华事迹，传递“自主创新”价值观。 Passage B 阅读理解 记叙文 265 主要介绍了四位年轻人在文化和科技领域的杰出成就，展现了年轻力量如何引领未来。 真题示例 Passage A 阅读还原 记叙文 255 主要介绍了“中国航天之父”、“火箭之王”钱学森。他在美国学成后，怀着一颗伟大的爱国心回到祖国，为新中国的建设做出巨大贡献。 Passage B 阅读理解 记叙文 260 主要讲述了弗莱明发现青霉素的过程。 模拟演练 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 273 主要介绍了一些百科全书的发展历史。 Passage B 阅读理解 记叙文 247 主要介绍了达·芬奇在艺术之外的其他领域也有卓越的表现。 Passage C 阅读理解 记叙文 317 主要介绍了袁隆平与他的杂交水稻。 Passage D 阅读理解 说明文 242 主要介绍了百科全书的内容范围以及通过两个具体的例子(一位哑剧大师和海洋生物) 来展示百科全书可能包含的信息类型。 时文阅读 名人名言 · “Genius only means hard - working all one's life.”——Mendeleyev（天才只意味着终身不懈地努力。—— 俄国化学家门捷列耶夫） · “The man who has made up his mind to win will never say 'impossible'.”——Bonaparte Napoleon（凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说 “不可能的”。—— 法国皇帝拿破仑） · “There is no such thing as a great talent without great will - power.”——Balzac（没有伟大的意志力，便没有雄才大略。—— 巴尔扎克） · “Cease to struggle and you cease to live.”——Thomas Carlyle（生命不止，奋斗不息。—— 托马斯・卡莱尔） · “A strong man will struggle with the storms of fate.”——Thomas Addison（强者能同命运的风暴抗争。—— 托马斯・爱迪生） · “Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.”——John Ruskin（生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。—— 约翰・罗斯金） · “You have to believe in yourself. That's the secret of success.”——Charles Chaplin（人必须有自信，这是成功的秘密。—— 查理・卓别林） · “Great works are performed not by strength, but by perseverance.”——Samuel Johnson（完成伟大的事业不在于体力，而在于坚韧不拔的毅力。—— 塞缪尔・约翰逊） · “The first wealth is health.”——Ralph Waldo Emerson（健康是人生第一财富。—— 拉尔夫・沃尔多・爱默生） · “Where there is life, there is hope.”——（有生命必有希望。—— 谚语，无明确作者） · “What makes life dreary is the want of motive.”——George Eliot（没有了目的，生活便郁闷无光。—— 乔治・艾略特） · “At twenty years of age, the will reigns; at thirty, the wit; and at forty, the judgment.”——Benjamin Franklin（二十岁时起支配作用的是意志，三十岁时是机智，四十岁时是判断。—— 本杰明・富兰克林） · “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil tears and sweat.”——Winston Churchill（我能奉献的没有其它，只有热血、辛劳、眼泪与汗水。—— 温斯顿・丘吉尔） · “Our destiny offers not the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity.”——Richard Nixon（命运给予我们的不是失望之酒，而是机会之杯。—— 理查德・尼克松） · “Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.”——Jean Jacques Rousseau（忍耐是痛苦的，但它的果实是甜蜜的。—— 让 - 雅克・卢梭） · “Anything one man can imagine, other men can make real.”——Jules Verne（但凡人能想象到的事物，必定有人能将它实现。—— 儒勒・凡尔纳） · “Cowards die many times before their deaths.”——Julius Caesar（懦夫在未死之前，已身历多次死亡的恐怖了。—— 尤利乌斯・凯撒） · “Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value.”——Albert Einstein（不要为成功而努力，要为做一个有价值的人而努力。—— 阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦） · “Forget today will be forgotten tomorrow.”——Johann Wolfgang von Goethe（忘掉今天的人将被明天忘掉。—— 约翰・沃尔夫冈・冯・歌德） · “Life is like a sea, only the strong - willed can reach the other shore.”——Karl Marx（生活就像海洋，只有意志坚强的人，才能到达彼岸。—— 卡尔・马克思） 时文阅读 Passage A 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Huang Xuhua, a great Chinese mechanical engineer. He was born in Guangdong Province on March 12, 1926. He died in Wuhan on February 6, 2025, at the 1 of 99. Huang Xuhua 2 from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1949. In 1958, he was 3 to develop China’s nuclear submarines (核潜艇). At that time, China met many 4 , such as a lack of technology and resources. But Huang and his team didn’t give up. They used abacuses for calculations and got information from foreign newspapers. In 1970, China’s first nuclear submarine began sea trials (试验) and started to serve in 1974. This made China the fifth 5 to have nuclear submarines. Later, Huang Xuhua was made the chief designer and made 6 contributions to the nuclear submarine project. Huang had to keep his job a 7 for 30 years. That’s why his family knew very little about what he did. However, his hard work and great efforts 8 brought good results. Because of his 9 work, Huang Xuhua was given the Medal of the Republic, one of China’s highest honors, in 2019. His story shows us that if we have determination and 10 , we can do great things. He will always be remembered as a national hero in China. * The word “mechanical” means being operated by power from an engine. * * The word “abacuses” means frames with small balls which slide along wires. They are used as tools or toys for counting. 1．A．heart B．hobby C．age D．body 2．A．celebrated B．won C．left D．graduated 3．A．chosen B．played C．carried D．brought 4．A．lessons B．festivals C．problems D．subjects 5．A．world B．country C．city D．town 6．A．dangerous B．important C．slow D．boring 7．A．card B．date C．party D．secret 8．A．finally B．loudly C．cheaply D．sadly 9．A．tiring B．difficult C．excellent D．easy 10．A．play games B．work hard C．raise money D．lose heart 长难句解析 ①原句：（第五段第一句）Because of his excellent work, Huang Xuhua was given the Medal of the Republic, one of China’s highest honors, in 2019. 译文：由于他的卓越贡献，黄旭华于 2019 年被授予 “共和国勋章”—— 中国最高荣誉之一。 分析：句首 “Because of...” 表原因，主干是 “Huang Xuhua was given the Medal...”（被动语态），“one of China’s highest honors” 是同位语，解释 “the Medal of the Republic”。 长难句解析 ②原句：（第五段第二句）：His story shows us that if we have determination and work hard, we can do great things. 句意：他的故事告诉我们：如果我们有决心并努力奋斗，就能成就伟大的事业。 分析：主句是 “His story shows us that...”（“show sb. that...” 双宾语结构），“that” 引导宾语从句；从句中 “if” 引导条件状语从句，主句是 “we can do great things”。 【答案和解析】 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文通过黄旭华事迹传递“自主创新”价值观。 1．句意：他于2025年2月6日在武汉去世，享年99岁。 heart心脏；hobby爱好；age年龄；body身体。根据“He died in Wuhan on February 6, 2025, at the...of 99.”可知，此处介绍去世的年龄，故选C。 2．句意：黄旭华1949年毕业于上海交通大学。 celebrated庆祝；won赢得；left离开；graduated毕业。根据“Huang Xuhua...from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1949.”可知，1949年毕业于上海交通大学，故选D。 3．句意：1958年，他被选为中国核潜艇的研发人员。 chosen选择；played玩；carried携带；brought带来。根据“In 1958, he was...to develop China’s nuclear submarines (核潜艇).”可知，他被选为中国核潜艇的研发人员，故选A。 4．句意：当时，中国遇到了很多问题，比如缺乏技术和资源。 lessons课程；festivals节日；problems问题；subjects科目。根据“such as a lack of technology and resources”可知，缺乏技术和资源是遇到的问题，故选C。 5．句意：这使中国成为第五个拥有核潜艇的国家。 world世界；country国家；city城市；town小镇。根据“This made China the fifth...to have nuclear submarines.”可知，中国是第五个拥有核潜艇的国家，故选B。 6．句意：后来，黄旭华被任命为总设计师，为核潜艇项目做出了重要贡献。 dangerous危险的；important重要的；slow缓慢的；boring无聊的。根据“Huang Xuhua was made the chief designer and made...contributions to the nuclear submarine project”可知，黄旭华为核潜艇项目做出了重要贡献，故选B。 7．句意：黄不得不将自己的工作保密了30年。 card卡片；date日期；party聚会；secret秘密。根据“Huang had to keep his job a...for 30 years.”可知，黄不得不将自己的工作保密了30年，故选D。 8．句意：然而，他的努力工作和巨大努力最终带来了好的结果。 finally最终；loudly大声地；cheaply廉价地；sadly悲伤地。根据“his hard work and great efforts...brought good results”可知，他的努力最终带来了好的结果，故选A。 9．句意：由于他的出色工作，2019年，黄旭华被授予中华人民共和国最高荣誉勋章。 tiring疲惫的；difficult困难的；excellent卓越的；easy容易的。根据“Because of his...work, Huang Xuhua was given the Medal of the Republic,”可知，工作出色，所以被授予中华人民共和国最高荣誉勋章。故选C。 10．句意：他的故事告诉我们，如果我们有决心，努力工作，我们可以做伟大的事情。 play games玩游戏；work hard努力工作；raise money筹款；lose heart灰心。根据“His story shows us that if we have determination and..., we can do great things.”可知，如果我们有决心，努力工作，我们可以做伟大的事情。故选B。 译文 黄旭华，一位伟大的中国机械工程师。他于 1926 年 3 月 12 日出生在广东省，2025 年 2 月 6 日在武汉逝世，享年 99 岁。 黄旭华 1949 年毕业于上海交通大学。1958 年，他被选中研发中国的核潜艇。当时，中国面临许多问题，比如技术和资源匮乏。但黄旭华和他的团队没有放弃。他们用算盘进行计算，并从外国报纸上获取信息。 1970 年，中国第一艘核潜艇开始海试，并于 1974 年正式服役。这使中国成为第五个拥有核潜艇的国家。后来，黄旭华被任命为总设计师，为核潜艇项目做出了重要贡献。 黄旭华不得不将自己的工作保密 30 年，这就是他的家人对他的工作知之甚少的原因。然而，他的辛勤付出和巨大努力最终带来了好结果。 由于他的卓越贡献，黄旭华于 2019 年被授予 “共和国勋章”—— 中国最高荣誉之一。他的故事告诉我们：只要有决心并努力奋斗，就能成就伟大的事业。他将永远作为中国的民族英雄被铭记。 Passage B （2025·宁夏银川·二模）Have you watched the cartoon film Ne Zha 2? Have you heard of DeepSeek recently? Surprisingly, they are all created by young power who are leading China to a better future. Four of them are especially excellent. Let’s take a look at what achievements they have made: Yang Yu (Jiao Zi), the director of “Ne Zha 2” was born in 1980 in Lu Zhou, Sichuan province. Just like Ne Zha, he overcame many difficulties, spending five years bringing traditional stories to life with creativity. Since the movie came out, it has broken the box office (票房) in Chinese film history and became a hit. Born in 1985 in a small town in Guangdong province, Liang Wenfeng showed a strong interest in AI technology from a young age and founded DeepSeek in 2023. Now DeepSeek’s App became the most download (下载) free app in both China and the US. Although five years younger than Liang Wenfeng, Wang Xingxing from Zhejiang Province set up Unitree, a world famous technology company which developed the robots used in the dance performance “YangBOT”. These robots are not only for fun but also help in different tasks, such as carrying heavy objects and even taking part in rescue (救援). Feng Ji who was born in 1982 in Jingzhou, Hubei created a high-quality gaming Black Myth: Wukong (黑神话：悟空), China’s first big 3A game and won a prize. These young people are hard-working and not afraid to try new things, facing challenges bravely. They are truly role models and their unexpected success is an inspiration to all the Chinese. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By making comparisons. 2．Which of the following is Liang Wenfeng’s work? A． B． C． D． 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Wang Xingxing is the youngest of the four famous people. B．These young people were all born in Hubei province. C．YangBOT is a kind of AI app developed by Zao Zi. D．Feng Ji showed a strong interest in AI technology when he was young. 4．What’s the best title of this passage? A．Young power, leading the future in culture and technology B．China’s great progress in art and science C．Different people have different dreams D．Four achievements in Chinese history 长难句解析 原句：（第二段第三句）Since the movie came out, it has broken the box office in Chinese film history and became a hit. 译文：自电影上映以来，它打破了中国电影史上的票房纪录，成为热门之作。 分析：Since the movie came out（since 引导，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时）；主句：it has broken...and became...（并列谓语，“has broken” 为现在完成时，“became” 为一般过去时，因 “became” 与 “has broken” 并列，实际应为 “has become”，此处可能为时态一致性问题，需注意规范用法）。 长难句解析 原句：（第三段第三句）：Although five years younger than Liang Wenfeng, Wang Xingxing from Zhejiang Province set up Unitree, a world famous technology company which developed the robots used in the dance performance “YangBOT”. 译文：尽管比梁文峰小五岁，来自浙江的王兴兴仍创办了宇树科技 —— 一家研发了用于舞蹈表演《YangBOT》机器人的世界著名科技公司。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句，且省略了主语和be动词，保留表语结构。 主句为“Wang Xingxing...set up Unitree”。a world famous technology company为同位语（解释 Unitree）；which developed the robots...（修饰 company，其中 “used in the dance performance” 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 robots）。 【答案与解析】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了四位年轻人在文化和科技领域的杰出成就，展现了年轻力量如何引领未来。 1．细节理解题。根据“Have you watched the cartoon film Ne Zha 2? Have you heard of DeepSeek recently?”可知，作者通过提问的方式引入话题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Born in 1985 in a small town in Guangdong province, Liang Wenfeng showed a strong interest in AI technology from a young age and founded DeepSeek in 2023.”可知，梁文峰在2023年创立DeepSeek。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Yang Yu (Jiao Zi), the director of ‘Ne Zha 2’ was born in 1980 in Lu Zhou, Sichuan province.”，“Born in 1985 in a small town in Guangdong province, Liang Wertfeng”，“Although five years younger than Liang Wenfeng, Wang Xingxing from Zhejiang Province set up Unitree”，“Feng Ji who was born in 1982 in Jingzhou, Hubei”可知，通过出生年份对比可知王兴兴出生最晚，是最年轻的。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。全文介绍了四位年轻人在文化和科技领域的成就，展现了年轻力量如何引领未来。因此，最佳标题是“年轻力量，引领文化科技未来”。故选A。 译文 你看过动画电影《哪吒 2》吗？你最近听说过深度求索（DeepSeek）吗？令人惊讶的是，它们都是由引领中国走向更美好未来的年轻力量创作的。其中有四位尤为杰出，让我们看看他们取得了哪些成就： 《哪吒 2》的导演杨宇（饺子）1980 年出生于四川泸州。就像哪吒一样，他克服了许多困难，花了五年时间用创意将传统故事赋予生命。自电影上映以来，它打破了中国电影史上的票房纪录，成为热门之作。 梁文峰 1985 年出生于广东一个小镇，从小就对人工智能技术表现出浓厚兴趣，并于 2023 年创立了深度求索。如今，深度求索的应用程序成为中美两国下载量最高的免费应用程序。来自浙江的王兴兴虽然比梁文峰小五岁，却创办了宇树科技（Unitree）—— 一家世界著名的科技公司，该公司研发了用于舞蹈表演《YangBOT》的机器人。这些机器人不仅用于娱乐，还能帮助完成不同任务，如搬运重物，甚至参与救援。1982 年出生于湖北荆州的冯骥创作了高质量游戏《黑神话：悟空》—— 中国首款大型 3A 游戏，并因此获奖。 这些年轻人勤奋努力，勇于尝试新事物，勇敢面对挑战。他们是真正的榜样，其意想不到的成功激励着所有中国人。 话题写作素材积累 1.Thomas Edison, a great inventor, tried thousands of times to invent the light bulb. He once said, "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety - nine percent perspiration." His story tells us that continuous effort is the key to success. 托马斯・爱迪生，一位伟大的发明家，为了发明电灯泡尝试了数千次。他曾说：“天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。” 他的故事告诉我们，持续的努力是成功的关键。 2. Helen Keller lost her sight and hearing when she was young, but she didn't give up. With the help of her teacher, Anne Sullivan, she learned to read, write and speak. As she put it, "Life is either a daring adventure or nothing at all." Her experience shows that with strong will, we can overcome great difficulties. 海伦・凯勒在小时候就失去了视力和听力，但她没有放弃。在老师安妮・沙利文的帮助下，她学会了阅读、写作和说话。正如她所说：“生活要么是一场勇敢的冒险，要么什么都不是。” 她的经历表明，只要有坚强的意志，我们就能克服巨大的困难。 3. Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, faced many failures in his life, such as losing elections and suffering business setbacks. However, he kept moving forward. He believed that "And in the end, it's not the years in your life that count. It's the life in your years." His story encourages us to never lose hope in the face of difficulties. 亚伯拉罕・林肯，美国第 16 任总统，在他的一生中面临许多失败，比如选举失利和生意受挫。然而，他一直勇往直前。他相信：“到头来，你活了多少岁不算什么，重要的是你是如何度过这些岁月的。” 他的故事激励我们在困难面前永远不要失去希望。 4. Beethoven, a famous musician, began to lose his hearing in his twenties. But this didn't stop him from creating wonderful music. He once shouted, "I will take fate by the throat; it will never bend me completely to its will." His deeds prove that even with physical challenges, we can still achieve great things. 贝多芬，一位著名的音乐家，在二十多岁时开始失聪。但这并没有阻止他创作美妙的音乐。他曾呐喊道：“我要扼住命运的咽喉，它决不能使我完全屈服。” 他的事迹证明，即使面临身体上的挑战，我们仍然可以取得伟大的成就。 5. Mo Yan, the first Chinese Nobel laureate in Literature, grew up in a poor family. But he loved reading and writing from an early age. Through years of hard work, he finally achieved his dream. He once said, "Writing is a kind of self - torture." His journey to success shows that dreams can come true with perseverance. 莫言，中国首位诺贝尔文学奖获得者，在一个贫困家庭中长大。但他从小就热爱阅读和写作。经过多年的努力，他最终实现了自己的梦想。他曾说：“写作是一种自我折磨。” 他的成功之路表明，只要坚持不懈，梦想就能成真。 6. Jackie Chan, a world - famous action star, has been through countless injuries during his film - making career. But he always sticks to his passion for action movies. He believes that "I'm not afraid of dying. I'm afraid of not trying." His story teaches us to be brave in pursuing our dreams. 成龙，一位世界著名的动作明星，在他的电影生涯中经历了无数次受伤。但他始终坚持对动作电影的热爱。他认为：“我不怕死，我怕的是不去尝试。” 他的故事教导我们要勇敢地追求自己的梦想。 7. Marie Curie, the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, overcame many difficulties in her research on radioactivity. Despite the lack of resources and the discrimination against women at that time, she made great achievements. She once said, "Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood." Her spirit of exploration encourages us to face challenges bravely. 玛丽・居里，第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性，在放射性研究中克服了许多困难。尽管当时资源匮乏且存在对女性的歧视，她还是取得了巨大的成就。她曾说：“生活中没有什么可怕的东西，只有需要理解的东西。” 她的探索精神鼓励我们勇敢地面对挑战。 8. Bill Gates, the co - founder of Microsoft, dropped out of Harvard University to start his own business. He had a clear vision for the future of personal computers. His success proves that "Success is a lousy teacher. It seduces smart people into thinking they can't lose." His story shows that following our passion and having a strong will can lead to great success. 比尔・盖茨，微软的联合创始人，从哈佛大学辍学去创业。他对个人电脑的未来有着清晰的愿景。他的成功证明了 “成功是个糟糕的老师，它诱使聪明人觉得自己不会失败”。他的故事表明，追随自己的热情并拥有坚强的意志能带来巨大的成功。 实战演练 真题示例 Passage A 根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 （2024·吉林·中考真题）Qian Xuesen was a great scientist. 1 He is also known as “the King of the Rocket.” Thanks to his research, China’s space technology has progressed in a rapid way. Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. 2 After graduation, he worked in America for a few years. In the early 1950s, he heard that New China had been founded (建立), and he decided to give up the good working conditions in America. Although the American government tried to stop him from leaving, he succeeded in coming back to China in 1955. 3 Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel. At that time, the conditions in China were too hard. 4 On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite (卫星), “Dongfanghong I” was successfully sent into the air. A student of Qian Xuesen, Zhu Yilin, once said, “I learned professional knowledge and working spirit from Mr. Qian. 5 When New China needed scientists badly, he returned to help in the rocket industry.” A．I sensed his deep love for our country, too. B．Who visited Qian Xuesen when he was in China? C．At the age of 24, he went to America to study. D．But Qian and his team still faced the difficulties bravely. E．He is known as “the Father of China’s Space Program.” F．In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested starting a special organization. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．F 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了“中国航天之父”、“火箭之王”钱学森。他在美国学成后，怀着一颗伟大的爱国心回到祖国，为新中国的建设做出巨大贡献。 1．根据“He is also known as ‘the King of the Rocket.’”可知，此处介绍人们对钱学森先生的尊称。故选项E“他被誉为‘中国航天之父’。”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据“After graduation, he worked in America for a few years.”可知，此处介绍钱学森的求学经历。故选项C“24岁时，他去了美国学习。”符合语境。故选C。 3．根据“Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel.”可知，此处提到了一个组织。故选项F“1956年，钱学森建议成立一个专门的组织。”符合语境。故选F。 4．根据“At that time, the conditions in China were too hard. … On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite”可知，当时中国的条件很艰苦，但是钱学森克服艰苦，最终成功研制中国第一颗人造卫星。故选项D“但是钱和他的团队仍然勇敢地面对困难。”符合语境。故选D。 5．根据“When New China needed scientists badly, he returned to help in the rocket industry.”可知，当新中国急需科学家时，钱学森放弃美国优渥的生活毅然决然回国，这这表现了他对祖国深沉的爱。故选项A“我也感觉到了他对我们国家深深的爱。”符合语境。故选A。 长难句解析 原句：（第二段第 3 句）Although the American government tried to stop him from leaving, he succeeded in coming back to China in 1955. 译文：尽管美国政府试图阻止他离开，但他还是在 1955 年成功回到了中国。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。让步状语从句：Although the American government tried to stop him from leaving（although 引导，表 “尽管”）；主句：he succeeded in coming back to China in 1955（主谓宾结构，succeed in doing sth. 为固定搭配）。 译文 钱学森是一位伟大的科学家。他被誉为 “中国航天之父”，也被称为 “火箭之王”。多亏了他的研究，中国的太空技术得以快速发展。 钱学森于 1911 年 12 月 11 日出生在上海。24 岁时，他前往美国学习。毕业后，他在美国工作了几年。20 世纪 50 年代初，他听说新中国成立了，决定放弃美国优渥的工作条件。尽管美国政府试图阻止他离开，但他还是在 1955 年成功回到了中国。 1956 年，钱学森建议成立一个专门的组织。后来，该组织成为中国火箭和航空领域的主导机构。当时，中国的条件极为艰苦，但钱学森和他的团队仍然勇敢地面对困难。1970 年 4 月 24 日，中国第一颗人造卫星 “东方红一号” 成功发射升空。 钱学森的学生朱乙麟曾说：“我从钱先生那里学到了专业知识和工作精神。我也感受到了他对祖国深深的爱。当新中国急需科学家时，他回国助力火箭事业。” Key words and phrases 1. 动词短语 be known as 被誉为 give up 放弃 succeed in (doing sth.) 成功做某事 face difficulties bravely 勇敢面对困难 be sent into the air 发射升空 2. 名词短语 space technology 太空技术 man-made satellite 人造卫星 rocket industry 火箭事业 professional knowledge 专业知识 3. 介词短语 thanks to 多亏 由于in a rapid way 快速地 stop sb. from (doing sth.) 阻止某人做某事 Passage B （2024·山东潍坊·中考真题）Fleming saw many soldiers die from infections (感染) in their wounds as he worked in a hospital during World War I. This made Fleming decide to find a way to help the body fight infections. In September 1928, Fleming left some glass dishes on a bench in his laboratory for two weeks. When he came back, he noticed something puzzling. Bacteria (细菌) were growing on all the glass dishes except one. On this dish mould (霉菌) had started to grow—the kind found on old bread. The mould seemed to be giving off something that stopped the bacteria from growing. Fleming called it “mould juice”. He tried it on other bacteria, and it killed them, too. Fleming became wild with joy and named it penicillin. Unfortunately, Fleming’s boss thought he was wasting his time and it was impossible to kill bacteria at that time. Fleming did a few more experiments with penicillin, and he also wrote about it so other scientists could learn about it. However, because no one seemed interested in his discovery, he forgot about penicillin and started to work on other things. In 1939, Ernest Chain, a scientist, and his boss, Howard Florey, were looking for medicines that could kill bacteria. They discovered Fleming’s notes and decided to test penicillin. In 1940, they gave penicillin to some sick mice, who survived later. But those who didn’t get it died. Florey declared: “It looks like a miracle!” By 1943, the final tests on humans were finished successfully and the world had its first antibiotic (抗生素) medicine. 1．Why did bacteria stop growing on one of the dishes? A．The mould juice killed them. B．Some old bread was on the dish. C．There was something special in the lab. D．The dish was on the bench for two weeks. 2．Fleming had to give up his study on penicillin because ________. A．something else was worth doing B．doing experiments cost much money C．no scientists showed an interest in it D．his boss didn’t believe his new discovery 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The discovery of penicillin. B．The great work of Chain and Florey. C．The tests on sick mice and humans. D．The value of Fleming’s notes about penicillin. 4．Which might be the best title of the text? A．The life of Fleming B．The story of Ernest Chain C．The science of fighting infections D．The birth of the world’s first antibiotic medicine 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了弗莱明发现青霉素的过程。 1．细节理解题。根据“The mould seemed to be giving off something that stopped the bacteria from growing. Fleming called it ‘mould juice’. He tried it on other bacteria, and it killed them, too.”可知，“霉菌汁”杀死了它们。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“However, because no one seemed interested in his discovery, he forgot about penicillin and started to work on other things.”可知，其他科学家对他的发现不感兴趣，因此弗莱明不得不放弃。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据“In 1939, Ernest Chain, a scientist, and his boss, Howard Florey, were looking for medicines that could kill bacteria.…By 1943, the final tests on humans were finished successfully and the world had its first antibiotic (抗生素) medicine.”可知，本段主要讲述了欧内斯特·钱恩和他的老板霍华德·弗洛里发现了弗莱明的笔记并决定测试青霉素，最终成功地进行了实验，证明了青霉素的有效性。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了青霉素的发现和发展过程，最终成为世界上第一种抗生素药物。因此，最合适的标题是“世界上第一种抗生素药物的诞生”。故选D。 长难句解析 原句：（第四段第 3 句）In 1940, they gave penicillin to some sick mice, who survived later. 译文：1940 年，他们给一些生病的老鼠注射青霉素，这些老鼠后来存活了下来。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。结构分解：主句：they gave penicillin to some sick mice；定语从句：who survived later 修饰 mice（表 “后来存活下来的老鼠”）。 译文 在第一次世界大战期间，弗莱明在医院工作时目睹许多士兵因伤口感染而死亡。这促使他决定寻找一种帮助人体对抗感染的方法。 1928 年 9 月，弗莱明将一些培养皿放在实验室的长椅上两周。当他回来时，注意到一件令人困惑的事：除了一个培养皿外，所有培养皿上都在生长细菌。这个培养皿上长出了霉菌 —— 就是在陈面包上常见的那种。霉菌似乎释放出某种物质，阻止了细菌生长。弗莱明称其为 “霉菌汁”。他将其试用于其他细菌，同样杀死了它们。弗莱明欣喜若狂，并将其命名为青霉素。 不幸的是，弗莱明的老板认为他在浪费时间，且当时不可能杀死细菌。弗莱明又用青霉素做了几次实验，并将其写成文字，以便其他科学家了解。然而，由于似乎没人对他的发现感兴趣，他便遗忘了青霉素，开始研究其他事物。 1939 年，科学家欧内斯特・钱恩和他的老板霍华德・弗洛里在寻找能杀死细菌的药物时，发现了弗莱明的笔记，决定测试青霉素。1940 年，他们给一些生病的老鼠注射青霉素，这些老鼠后来存活了下来，而未注射的则死亡。弗洛里宣称：“这看起来像个奇迹！” 到 1943 年，人类临床试验成功完成，世界上第一种抗生素药物由此诞生。 Key words and phrases 1. 动词短语 die from 死于（原因常为外部，如伤口、事故） decide to do sth. 决定做某事 give off 释放，散发 stop sb./sth. from doing 阻止…… 做 be wild with joy 欣喜若狂 work on 致力于，研究 look for 寻找 give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 2. 名词短语 World War I 第一次世界大战 glass dishes 培养皿 antibiotic medicine 抗生素药物 3. 形容词 / 副词 puzzling 令人困惑的 unfortunately 不幸地 successfully 成功地 Passage A （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期中） 1 Throughout history, people have always looked for knowledge. This led to the creation of many important encyclopaedias. Ancient Rome 2 The earliest encyclopaedia on record is Natural History by Pliny. He wrote about his knowledge of ancient Rome. Although many of his writings were true, some were hard to believe, like the Sciapodae people with one foot as big as an umbrella! However, Pliny never finished improving his work because he went to Pompeii in 79 A．D．to visit Mount Vesuvius and died in the eruption (火山爆发). Ancient China ③ From the 10th to the 17th centuries, the Chinese government asked many clever people to make encyclopaedias. In the 11th century, they wrote Four Great Books of Song to collect all the information about the new Song dynasty. In 1408, China completed Yongle Encyclopaedia. It was the largest encyclopaedia until Wikipedia came along about six hundred years later. Enlightenment Ideas (启蒙思想） ④ When printing became common, encyclopaedias grew popular and important. During the Enlightenment, a famous encyclopaedia called Encyclopédie came out in France in 1751. Editor Diderot wanted it to “change the way people think” and help the rising middle class teach themselves. Also, the ideas in the book encouraged people to question the king's rule. This helped lay the cultural foundation (基础) for the French Revolution (法国大革命). The Internet Age ⑤ As the world went online, knowledge grew, too. Internet encyclopaedias started in the early1990s. By 2001, Wikipedia came out. In 2004, it became the biggest encyclopaedia with 300, 000 articles. By 2022, it had 6.5 million articles with pictures, videos, and more, making a lot of information easy to find online. 1．What was the earliest encyclopaedia on record? A．Natural History. B．Four Great Books of Song. C．Encyclopédie. D．Yongle Encyclopaedia. 2．What was the largest encyclopaedia worldwide in the early 1980s? A．Wikipedia. B．Four Great Books of Song. C．Encyclopaedia Britannica. D．Yongle Encyclopaedia. 3．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．French people were stupid at that time. B．Encyclopédie was an English encyclopaedia. C．Encyclopédie challenged the traditions of its time. D．The development of printing did not help people learn. 4．What can we learn from the history of encyclopaedias? A．People have never stopped looking for and sharing knowledge. B．Only intelligent and knowledgeable people can make encyclopaedias. C．Europe was the world’s education centre over the past two thousand years. D．Europeans and Chinese could not exchange information until the Internet age. 5．Where can you most probably find this article? A．From a story book. B．From an art magazine. C．From a newspaper. D．From a learning website. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些百科全书的发展历史。 1．细节理解题。根据“The earliest encyclopaedia on record is Natural History by Pliny.”可知，最早的百科全书是《自然史》。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“In 1408, China completed Yongle Encyclopaedia. It was the largest encyclopaedia until Wikipedia came along about six hundred years later.”可知，直到维基百科出现之前，《永乐大典》是最大的百科全书。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“Editor Diderot wanted it to ‘change the way people think’ and help the rising middle class teach themselves. Also, the ideas in the book encouraged people to question the king's rule. This helped lay the cultural foundation (基础) for the French Revolution (法国大革命).”可知，大百科全书鼓励人们质疑国王的统治，表明其挑战了当时的传统。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了不论是东方还是西方，不论何种时代，人们一直都在编纂作为知识象征的百科全书，所以本文隐含的主旨是：人们从未停止对知识的追求。故选A。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了百科全书的发展历史，最这篇文章有可能出现在学习网站上。故选D。 Passage B （2025·辽宁锦州·三模） When we hear the name Leonardo da Vinci, most of us probably think of his famous paintings The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. But do you know that he also did well in many other areas? Leonardo da Vinci was considered to be one of the most talented and the cleverest people in history. He left behind many notebooks full of creative ideas and inventions. They were also full of different subjects that he was studying. He spelt words backwards (朝反方向) and reversed (使……反转) each letter. So his notes could only be read through the use of a mirror. This “mirror writing” might have helped protect his ideas from getting stolen by others. In his notebooks, there were designs for flying machines. However, people learned how to use machines to fly about 400 years later. Leonardo da Vinci drew pictures and designs of war machines, musical instruments and many other things as well. Besides, he was also interested in the human body. He studied the human body a lot. He described different parts of the body in his notebooks. One of his most famous drawings, the Vitruvian Man, imagines a man with perfect proportions (比例). Leonardo da Vinci also studied the bodies of horses, cows, frogs, monkeys and other animals. Leonardo da Vinci believed that science and art were closely connected. In his opinion, the study of science and nature helped shape his work as an artist. Do you agree with him? 1．What does the underlined “They” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Leonardo da Vinci’s ideas. B．Leonardo da Vinci’s paintings. C．Leonardo da Vinci’s designs. D．Leonardo da Vinci’s notebooks. 2．What can we know about Leonardo da Vinci’s idea from the text? A．Science and his artworks weren’t closely connected. B．All artists should learn to make scientific inventions. C．Learning science helped him make better works of art. D．The study of nature couldn’t improve his work as an artist. 3．How is the text organized? (①= Paragraph 1;②= Paragraph 2;…) A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the main purpose of writing the text? A．To describe Leonardo da Vinci’s paintings. B．To introduce Leonardo da Vinci’s inventions. C．To let us know more about Leonardo da Vinci. D．To tell a funny story about Leonardo da Vinci. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了达·芬奇在艺术之外的其他领域也有卓越的表现。 1．词义猜测题。根据“He left behind many notebooks full of creative ideas and inventions. They were also full of different subjects that he was studying.”可知，他留下了许多充满创意和发明的笔记本，它们也充满了他正在研究的不同物品，故此处划线部分指代“达·芬奇的笔记本”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“In his opinion, the study of science and nature helped shape his work as an artist.”可知，达·芬奇认为科学对其艺术有积极影响。故选C。 3．篇章结构题。第一段引出话题；第二至四段介绍了达·芬奇留下了许多充满创意和发明的笔记本；第五段介绍达·芬奇对科学和艺术的关系的看法。选项B符合文章结构。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了达·芬奇在艺术之外的其他领域也有卓越的表现，让我们更加了解达·芬奇。故选C。 Passage C Yuan Longping is one of the greatest scientists in China. Having spent 50 years in agricultural(农业的) research, he has made a great contribution in solving the problem of feeding the large population of China. Yuan Long ping’s interest in agriculture began when he was still in primary school. Though his parents wished that he could study science or medicine, Yuan Longping chose to study agriculture at university. After graduation in 1953,Yuan became a teacher in an agricultural school in a small town called Anjiang, where he stayed for 19 years. Anjiang was the place where Yuan started his Hybrid rice (杂交水稻) research and eventually developed the world-famous three-line hybrid rice. During the period from the late 1950s to the early 1960s,China suffered from a nationwide famine(饥荒). The suffering left a deep impression on Yuan Longping, and he decided to make an effort to ensure that people in the future would have enough food to eat. Since 1960, he has devoted himself to the research and development of a better rice varietal(品种). Yuan Longping’s research was not supported in the beginning. Many people did not believe he would succeed. However, with a lot of effort and research in the field, Yuan’s group developed the first high-yielding (高产的) hybrid rice varietal in 1974. This rice yielded 20 per cent more per unit than other rice plants, putting China in the lead in worldwide rice production. Since then, Yuan Longping’s hybrid rice has also been grown in over 20 countries and has been attracting attention from the whole world, especially in areas at a risk from famine. Yuan Longping’s achievement is considered achievement as a victory over the threat of famine. As he accepted his Lifetime Achievement Award in 2019, Yuan Longping said that lifetime achievement means to strive(奋斗) with all your life. He will continue to demonstrate the award through his own actions. 1．How long did it take Yuan Longping to develop the first high-yielding hybrid rice varietal? A．14 years. B．19 years. C．20 years. D．24 years. 2．What can we learn about Yuan Longping from the passage? A．Yuan will stop his research when he gets older. B．Yuan’s hybrid rice helps both China and other countries. C．Yuan’s research on hybrid rice was always widely supported. D．Yuan became interested in agriculture when he was in university. 3．What is the correct order of the following events? a. Yuan achieved the Lifetime Achievement Award. b. A national famine took place in China. c. Yuan began to work as a teacher in an agricultural school. d. Yuan’s hybrid rice started to be grown in other countries. e. Yuan’s group developed the first high-yielding hybrid rice. A．c-b-e-d-a B．c-b-a-d-e C．b-c-e-d-a D．b-c-a-d-e 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Fight Against Famine. B．The Three-Line Hybrid Rice. C．Lifetime Achievement Award for Yuan Longping D．Yuan Longping — the Father of Hybrid Rice 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了袁隆平与他的杂交水稻。 1．推理判断题。根据“Since 1960, he has devoted himself to the research and development of a better rice varietal(品种)...Yuan’s group developed the first high-yielding (高产的) hybrid rice varietal in 1974. ”可知1960年开始，袁隆平投身研究水稻品种，在1974年，袁隆平团队开发出第一个高产水稻品种。经历了14年。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Since then, Yuan Longping’s hybrid rice has also been grown in over 20 countries and has been attracting attention from the whole world, especially in areas at a risk from famine. ”可知袁隆平的杂交水稻也在20多个国家种植，并吸引了全世界的关注，特别是在那些面临饥荒的地区。因此袁隆平帮助了中国以及其他国家。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“After graduation in 1953,Yuan became a teacher in an agricultural school in a small town called Anjiang”可知1953年袁隆平成为农业院校的老师，即c项；根据“During the period from the late 1950s to the early 1960s,China suffered from a nationwide famine(饥荒).”可知1950s到1960s中国遭遇饥荒，即b；根据“Yuan’s group developed the first high-yielding (高产的) hybrid rice varietal in 1974. ”可知1974年袁隆平团队开发出杂交水稻，即e项；根据“Since then, Yuan Longping’s hybrid rice has also been grown in over 20 countries and has been attracting attention from the whole world, especially in areas at a risk from famine.”可知杂交水稻不仅在中国种植，也在其他国家种植，即d项；根据“As he accepted his Lifetime Achievement Award in 2019”可知2019年袁隆平获得终身成就奖，即a项，正确顺序是c-b-e-d-a。故选A。 4．最佳标题。根据全文内容可知，本文介绍了袁隆平的一生，以及杂交水稻的产生。故选D。 Passage D （24-25八年级上·广东广州·期末）Encyclopedias can give you facts and information about all kinds of subjects. There are different kinds of encyclopedias, such as encyclopedia of science, encyclopedia of music and so on. Do you know which encyclopaedia the following two articles are from? Philippe Bizot is a famous Mime Master (哑剧大师) from France. He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when was just eight years old. Since then, he has never stopped studying it. At the age of 20, he got the “International Paris Mime Prize”. In the past 30 years, he has given shows to people across the world. Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people imagine. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情). Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea? For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. The blue whale is the world’s biggest animal. There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do. Dolphins are very clever. They sometimes seem to speak to each other. Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and otters (水獭) love the sea. They swim and play there. They eat smaller fish and sea plants. 1．What does the first article mainly talk about? A．A famous French mime artist. B．The history of mime performance. C．How to become a mime artist. D．The popularity of mime in different countries. 2．What is special about Philippe Bizot’s mime performances? A．He uses a lot of props and costumes. B．He talks and sings during his performances. C．He has won many awards for his performances. D．He only uses his body, gestures, and facial expressions. 3．How are whales and dolphins similar, according to the second article? A．They can both breathe under water. B．They both need to come up to the surface to breathe. C．They are both very large animals. D．They can both communicate through speech. 4．Which animals are described as “loving the sea” in the second article? A．Seals. B．Otters. C．Both seals and otters. D．Neither seals nor otters. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了百科全书的内容范围以及通过两个具体的例子(一位哑剧大师和海洋生物) 来展示百科全书可能包含的信息类型。 1．主旨大意题。第一篇文章主要围绕法国著名哑剧大师 Philippe Bizot 展开，讲述了他的出生年份、学习哑剧的时间、获得的奖项以及演出经历等内容，重点在于介绍这位哑剧艺术家。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第一篇文章“With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions.”可知，Philippe Bizot 表演的特别之处在于他仅通过身体、手势和面部表情来进行演出。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第二篇文章“The whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do.”可知，海豚和鲸鱼都需要空气来呼吸，它们呼吸的方式是一样的；据此可以推断，它们都需要上浮到水面来呼吸。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第二篇文章“Seals and otters love the sea. They swim and play there.”可知，海豹和水獭都被描述为“热爱大海”的动物。故选C。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Look it up! 探索百科知识:名人事迹及其他百科知识 话题阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 完形填空 记叙文 248 通过黄旭华事迹，传递“自主创新”价值观。 Passage B 阅读理解 记叙文 265 主要介绍了四位年轻人在文化和科技领域的杰出成就，展现了年轻力量如何引领未来。 真题示例 Passage A 阅读还原 记叙文 255 主要介绍了“中国航天之父”、“火箭之王”钱学森。他在美国学成后，怀着一颗伟大的爱国心回到祖国，为新中国的建设做出巨大贡献。 Passage B 阅读理解 记叙文 260 主要讲述了弗莱明发现青霉素的过程。 模拟演练 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 273 主要介绍了一些百科全书的发展历史。 Passage B 阅读理解 记叙文 247 主要介绍了达·芬奇在艺术之外的其他领域也有卓越的表现。 Passage C 阅读理解 记叙文 317 主要介绍了袁隆平与他的杂交水稻。 Passage D 阅读理解 说明文 242 主要介绍了百科全书的内容范围以及通过两个具体的例子(一位哑剧大师和海洋生物) 来展示百科全书可能包含的信息类型。 时文阅读 名人名言 · “Genius only means hard - working all one's life.”——Mendeleyev（天才只意味着终身不懈地努力。—— 俄国化学家门捷列耶夫） · “The man who has made up his mind to win will never say 'impossible'.”——Bonaparte Napoleon（凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说 “不可能的”。—— 法国皇帝拿破仑） · “There is no such thing as a great talent without great will - power.”——Balzac（没有伟大的意志力，便没有雄才大略。—— 巴尔扎克） · “Cease to struggle and you cease to live.”——Thomas Carlyle（生命不止，奋斗不息。—— 托马斯・卡莱尔） · “A strong man will struggle with the storms of fate.”——Thomas Addison（强者能同命运的风暴抗争。—— 托马斯・爱迪生） · “Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.”——John Ruskin（生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。—— 约翰・罗斯金） · “You have to believe in yourself. That's the secret of success.”——Charles Chaplin（人必须有自信，这是成功的秘密。—— 查理・卓别林） · “Great works are performed not by strength, but by perseverance.”——Samuel Johnson（完成伟大的事业不在于体力，而在于坚韧不拔的毅力。—— 塞缪尔・约翰逊） · “The first wealth is health.”——Ralph Waldo Emerson（健康是人生第一财富。—— 拉尔夫・沃尔多・爱默生） · “Where there is life, there is hope.”——（有生命必有希望。—— 谚语，无明确作者） · “What makes life dreary is the want of motive.”——George Eliot（没有了目的，生活便郁闷无光。—— 乔治・艾略特） · “At twenty years of age, the will reigns; at thirty, the wit; and at forty, the judgment.”——Benjamin Franklin（二十岁时起支配作用的是意志，三十岁时是机智，四十岁时是判断。—— 本杰明・富兰克林） · “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil tears and sweat.”——Winston Churchill（我能奉献的没有其它，只有热血、辛劳、眼泪与汗水。—— 温斯顿・丘吉尔） · “Our destiny offers not the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity.”——Richard Nixon（命运给予我们的不是失望之酒，而是机会之杯。—— 理查德・尼克松） · “Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.”——Jean Jacques Rousseau（忍耐是痛苦的，但它的果实是甜蜜的。—— 让 - 雅克・卢梭） · “Anything one man can imagine, other men can make real.”——Jules Verne（但凡人能想象到的事物，必定有人能将它实现。—— 儒勒・凡尔纳） · “Cowards die many times before their deaths.”——Julius Caesar（懦夫在未死之前，已身历多次死亡的恐怖了。—— 尤利乌斯・凯撒） · “Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value.”——Albert Einstein（不要为成功而努力，要为做一个有价值的人而努力。—— 阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦） · “Forget today will be forgotten tomorrow.”——Johann Wolfgang von Goethe（忘掉今天的人将被明天忘掉。—— 约翰・沃尔夫冈・冯・歌德） · “Life is like a sea, only the strong - willed can reach the other shore.”——Karl Marx（生活就像海洋，只有意志坚强的人，才能到达彼岸。—— 卡尔・马克思） 时文阅读 Passage A 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Huang Xuhua, a great Chinese mechanical engineer. He was born in Guangdong Province on March 12, 1926. He died in Wuhan on February 6, 2025, at the 1 of 99. Huang Xuhua 2 from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1949. In 1958, he was 3 to develop China’s nuclear submarines (核潜艇). At that time, China met many 4 , such as a lack of technology and resources. But Huang and his team didn’t give up. They used abacuses for calculations and got information from foreign newspapers. In 1970, China’s first nuclear submarine began sea trials (试验) and started to serve in 1974. This made China the fifth 5 to have nuclear submarines. Later, Huang Xuhua was made the chief designer and made 6 contributions to the nuclear submarine project. Huang had to keep his job a 7 for 30 years. That’s why his family knew very little about what he did. However, his hard work and great efforts 8 brought good results. Because of his 9 work, Huang Xuhua was given the Medal of the Republic, one of China’s highest honors, in 2019. His story shows us that if we have determination and 10 , we can do great things. He will always be remembered as a national hero in China. * The word “mechanical” means being operated by power from an engine. * * The word “abacuses” means frames with small balls which slide along wires. They are used as tools or toys for counting. 1．A．heart B．hobby C．age D．body 2．A．celebrated B．won C．left D．graduated 3．A．chosen B．played C．carried D．brought 4．A．lessons B．festivals C．problems D．subjects 5．A．world B．country C．city D．town 6．A．dangerous B．important C．slow D．boring 7．A．card B．date C．party D．secret 8．A．finally B．loudly C．cheaply D．sadly 9．A．tiring B．difficult C．excellent D．easy 10．A．play games B．work hard C．raise money D．lose heart 长难句解析 ①原句：（第五段第一句）Because of his excellent work, Huang Xuhua was given the Medal of the Republic, one of China’s highest honors, in 2019. 译文：由于他的卓越贡献，黄旭华于 2019 年被授予 “共和国勋章”—— 中国最高荣誉之一。 分析：句首 “Because of...” 表原因，主干是 “Huang Xuhua was given the Medal...”（被动语态），“one of China’s highest honors” 是同位语，解释 “the Medal of the Republic”。 长难句解析 ②原句：（第五段第二句）：His story shows us that if we have determination and work hard, we can do great things. 句意：他的故事告诉我们：如果我们有决心并努力奋斗，就能成就伟大的事业。 分析：主句是 “His story shows us that...”（“show sb. that...” 双宾语结构），“that” 引导宾语从句；从句中 “if” 引导条件状语从句，主句是 “we can do great things”。 译文 黄旭华，一位伟大的中国机械工程师。他于 1926 年 3 月 12 日出生在广东省，2025 年 2 月 6 日在武汉逝世，享年 99 岁。 黄旭华 1949 年毕业于上海交通大学。1958 年，他被选中研发中国的核潜艇。当时，中国面临许多问题，比如技术和资源匮乏。但黄旭华和他的团队没有放弃。他们用算盘进行计算，并从外国报纸上获取信息。 1970 年，中国第一艘核潜艇开始海试，并于 1974 年正式服役。这使中国成为第五个拥有核潜艇的国家。后来，黄旭华被任命为总设计师，为核潜艇项目做出了重要贡献。 黄旭华不得不将自己的工作保密 30 年，这就是他的家人对他的工作知之甚少的原因。然而，他的辛勤付出和巨大努力最终带来了好结果。 由于他的卓越贡献，黄旭华于 2019 年被授予 “共和国勋章”—— 中国最高荣誉之一。他的故事告诉我们：只要有决心并努力奋斗，就能成就伟大的事业。他将永远作为中国的民族英雄被铭记。 Passage B （2025·宁夏银川·二模）Have you watched the cartoon film Ne Zha 2? Have you heard of DeepSeek recently? Surprisingly, they are all created by young power who are leading China to a better future. Four of them are especially excellent. Let’s take a look at what achievements they have made: Yang Yu (Jiao Zi), the director of “Ne Zha 2” was born in 1980 in Lu Zhou, Sichuan province. Just like Ne Zha, he overcame many difficulties, spending five years bringing traditional stories to life with creativity. Since the movie came out, it has broken the box office (票房) in Chinese film history and became a hit. Born in 1985 in a small town in Guangdong province, Liang Wenfeng showed a strong interest in AI technology from a young age and founded DeepSeek in 2023. Now DeepSeek’s App became the most download (下载) free app in both China and the US. Although five years younger than Liang Wenfeng, Wang Xingxing from Zhejiang Province set up Unitree, a world famous technology company which developed the robots used in the dance performance “YangBOT”. These robots are not only for fun but also help in different tasks, such as carrying heavy objects and even taking part in rescue (救援). Feng Ji who was born in 1982 in Jingzhou, Hubei created a high-quality gaming Black Myth: Wukong (黑神话：悟空), China’s first big 3A game and won a prize. These young people are hard-working and not afraid to try new things, facing challenges bravely. They are truly role models and their unexpected success is an inspiration to all the Chinese. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By making comparisons. 2．Which of the following is Liang Wenfeng’s work? A． B． C． D． 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Wang Xingxing is the youngest of the four famous people. B．These young people were all born in Hubei province. C．YangBOT is a kind of AI app developed by Zao Zi. D．Feng Ji showed a strong interest in AI technology when he was young. 4．What’s the best title of this passage? A．Young power, leading the future in culture and technology B．China’s great progress in art and science C．Different people have different dreams D．Four achievements in Chinese history 长难句解析 原句：（第二段第三句）Since the movie came out, it has broken the box office in Chinese film history and became a hit. 译文：自电影上映以来，它打破了中国电影史上的票房纪录，成为热门之作。 分析：Since the movie came out（since 引导，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时）；主句：it has broken...and became...（并列谓语，“has broken” 为现在完成时，“became” 为一般过去时，因 “became” 与 “has broken” 并列，实际应为 “has become”，此处可能为时态一致性问题，需注意规范用法）。 长难句解析 原句：（第三段第三句）：Although five years younger than Liang Wenfeng, Wang Xingxing from Zhejiang Province set up Unitree, a world famous technology company which developed the robots used in the dance performance “YangBOT”. 译文：尽管比梁文峰小五岁，来自浙江的王兴兴仍创办了宇树科技 —— 一家研发了用于舞蹈表演《YangBOT》机器人的世界著名科技公司。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句，且省略了主语和be动词，保留表语结构。 主句为“Wang Xingxing...set up Unitree”。a world famous technology company为同位语（解释 Unitree）；which developed the robots...（修饰 company，其中 “used in the dance performance” 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 robots）。 译文 你看过动画电影《哪吒 2》吗？你最近听说过深度求索（DeepSeek）吗？令人惊讶的是，它们都是由引领中国走向更美好未来的年轻力量创作的。其中有四位尤为杰出，让我们看看他们取得了哪些成就： 《哪吒 2》的导演杨宇（饺子）1980 年出生于四川泸州。就像哪吒一样，他克服了许多困难，花了五年时间用创意将传统故事赋予生命。自电影上映以来，它打破了中国电影史上的票房纪录，成为热门之作。 梁文峰 1985 年出生于广东一个小镇，从小就对人工智能技术表现出浓厚兴趣，并于 2023 年创立了深度求索。如今，深度求索的应用程序成为中美两国下载量最高的免费应用程序。来自浙江的王兴兴虽然比梁文峰小五岁，却创办了宇树科技（Unitree）—— 一家世界著名的科技公司，该公司研发了用于舞蹈表演《YangBOT》的机器人。这些机器人不仅用于娱乐，还能帮助完成不同任务，如搬运重物，甚至参与救援。1982 年出生于湖北荆州的冯骥创作了高质量游戏《黑神话：悟空》—— 中国首款大型 3A 游戏，并因此获奖。 这些年轻人勤奋努力，勇于尝试新事物，勇敢面对挑战。他们是真正的榜样，其意想不到的成功激励着所有中国人。 话题写作素材积累 1.Thomas Edison, a great inventor, tried thousands of times to invent the light bulb. He once said, "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety - nine percent perspiration." His story tells us that continuous effort is the key to success. 托马斯・爱迪生，一位伟大的发明家，为了发明电灯泡尝试了数千次。他曾说：“天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。” 他的故事告诉我们，持续的努力是成功的关键。 2. Helen Keller lost her sight and hearing when she was young, but she didn't give up. With the help of her teacher, Anne Sullivan, she learned to read, write and speak. As she put it, "Life is either a daring adventure or nothing at all." Her experience shows that with strong will, we can overcome great difficulties. 海伦・凯勒在小时候就失去了视力和听力，但她没有放弃。在老师安妮・沙利文的帮助下，她学会了阅读、写作和说话。正如她所说：“生活要么是一场勇敢的冒险，要么什么都不是。” 她的经历表明，只要有坚强的意志，我们就能克服巨大的困难。 3. Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, faced many failures in his life, such as losing elections and suffering business setbacks. However, he kept moving forward. He believed that "And in the end, it's not the years in your life that count. It's the life in your years." His story encourages us to never lose hope in the face of difficulties. 亚伯拉罕・林肯，美国第 16 任总统，在他的一生中面临许多失败，比如选举失利和生意受挫。然而，他一直勇往直前。他相信：“到头来，你活了多少岁不算什么，重要的是你是如何度过这些岁月的。” 他的故事激励我们在困难面前永远不要失去希望。 4. Beethoven, a famous musician, began to lose his hearing in his twenties. But this didn't stop him from creating wonderful music. He once shouted, "I will take fate by the throat; it will never bend me completely to its will." His deeds prove that even with physical challenges, we can still achieve great things. 贝多芬，一位著名的音乐家，在二十多岁时开始失聪。但这并没有阻止他创作美妙的音乐。他曾呐喊道：“我要扼住命运的咽喉，它决不能使我完全屈服。” 他的事迹证明，即使面临身体上的挑战，我们仍然可以取得伟大的成就。 5. Mo Yan, the first Chinese Nobel laureate in Literature, grew up in a poor family. But he loved reading and writing from an early age. Through years of hard work, he finally achieved his dream. He once said, "Writing is a kind of self - torture." His journey to success shows that dreams can come true with perseverance. 莫言，中国首位诺贝尔文学奖获得者，在一个贫困家庭中长大。但他从小就热爱阅读和写作。经过多年的努力，他最终实现了自己的梦想。他曾说：“写作是一种自我折磨。” 他的成功之路表明，只要坚持不懈，梦想就能成真。 6. Jackie Chan, a world - famous action star, has been through countless injuries during his film - making career. But he always sticks to his passion for action movies. He believes that "I'm not afraid of dying. I'm afraid of not trying." His story teaches us to be brave in pursuing our dreams. 成龙，一位世界著名的动作明星，在他的电影生涯中经历了无数次受伤。但他始终坚持对动作电影的热爱。他认为：“我不怕死，我怕的是不去尝试。” 他的故事教导我们要勇敢地追求自己的梦想。 7. Marie Curie, the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, overcame many difficulties in her research on radioactivity. Despite the lack of resources and the discrimination against women at that time, she made great achievements. She once said, "Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood." Her spirit of exploration encourages us to face challenges bravely. 玛丽・居里，第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性，在放射性研究中克服了许多困难。尽管当时资源匮乏且存在对女性的歧视，她还是取得了巨大的成就。她曾说：“生活中没有什么可怕的东西，只有需要理解的东西。” 她的探索精神鼓励我们勇敢地面对挑战。 8. Bill Gates, the co - founder of Microsoft, dropped out of Harvard University to start his own business. He had a clear vision for the future of personal computers. His success proves that "Success is a lousy teacher. It seduces smart people into thinking they can't lose." His story shows that following our passion and having a strong will can lead to great success. 比尔・盖茨，微软的联合创始人，从哈佛大学辍学去创业。他对个人电脑的未来有着清晰的愿景。他的成功证明了 “成功是个糟糕的老师，它诱使聪明人觉得自己不会失败”。他的故事表明，追随自己的热情并拥有坚强的意志能带来巨大的成功。 实战演练 真题示例 Passage A 根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 （2024·吉林·中考真题）Qian Xuesen was a great scientist. 1 He is also known as “the King of the Rocket.” Thanks to his research, China’s space technology has progressed in a rapid way. Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. 2 After graduation, he worked in America for a few years. In the early 1950s, he heard that New China had been founded (建立), and he decided to give up the good working conditions in America. Although the American government tried to stop him from leaving, he succeeded in coming back to China in 1955. 3 Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel. At that time, the conditions in China were too hard. 4 On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite (卫星), “Dongfanghong I” was successfully sent into the air. A student of Qian Xuesen, Zhu Yilin, once said, “I learned professional knowledge and working spirit from Mr. Qian. 5 When New China needed scientists badly, he returned to help in the rocket industry.” A．I sensed his deep love for our country, too. B．Who visited Qian Xuesen when he was in China? C．At the age of 24, he went to America to study. D．But Qian and his team still faced the difficulties bravely. E．He is known as “the Father of China’s Space Program.” F．In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested starting a special organization. 长难句解析 原句：（第二段第 3 句）Although the American government tried to stop him from leaving, he succeeded in coming back to China in 1955. 译文：尽管美国政府试图阻止他离开，但他还是在 1955 年成功回到了中国。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。让步状语从句：Although the American government tried to stop him from leaving（although 引导，表 “尽管”）；主句：he succeeded in coming back to China in 1955（主谓宾结构，succeed in doing sth. 为固定搭配）。 译文 钱学森是一位伟大的科学家。他被誉为 “中国航天之父”，也被称为 “火箭之王”。多亏了他的研究，中国的太空技术得以快速发展。 钱学森于 1911 年 12 月 11 日出生在上海。24 岁时，他前往美国学习。毕业后，他在美国工作了几年。20 世纪 50 年代初，他听说新中国成立了，决定放弃美国优渥的工作条件。尽管美国政府试图阻止他离开，但他还是在 1955 年成功回到了中国。 1956 年，钱学森建议成立一个专门的组织。后来，该组织成为中国火箭和航空领域的主导机构。当时，中国的条件极为艰苦，但钱学森和他的团队仍然勇敢地面对困难。1970 年 4 月 24 日，中国第一颗人造卫星 “东方红一号” 成功发射升空。 钱学森的学生朱乙麟曾说：“我从钱先生那里学到了专业知识和工作精神。我也感受到了他对祖国深深的爱。当新中国急需科学家时，他回国助力火箭事业。” Key words and phrases 1. 动词短语 be known as 被誉为 give up 放弃 succeed in (doing sth.) 成功做某事 face difficulties bravely 勇敢面对困难 be sent into the air 发射升空 2. 名词短语 space technology 太空技术 man-made satellite 人造卫星 rocket industry 火箭事业 professional knowledge 专业知识 3. 介词短语 thanks to 多亏 由于in a rapid way 快速地 stop sb. from (doing sth.) 阻止某人做某事 Passage B （2024·山东潍坊·中考真题）Fleming saw many soldiers die from infections (感染) in their wounds as he worked in a hospital during World War I. This made Fleming decide to find a way to help the body fight infections. In September 1928, Fleming left some glass dishes on a bench in his laboratory for two weeks. When he came back, he noticed something puzzling. Bacteria (细菌) were growing on all the glass dishes except one. On this dish mould (霉菌) had started to grow—the kind found on old bread. The mould seemed to be giving off something that stopped the bacteria from growing. Fleming called it “mould juice”. He tried it on other bacteria, and it killed them, too. Fleming became wild with joy and named it penicillin. Unfortunately, Fleming’s boss thought he was wasting his time and it was impossible to kill bacteria at that time. Fleming did a few more experiments with penicillin, and he also wrote about it so other scientists could learn about it. However, because no one seemed interested in his discovery, he forgot about penicillin and started to work on other things. In 1939, Ernest Chain, a scientist, and his boss, Howard Florey, were looking for medicines that could kill bacteria. They discovered Fleming’s notes and decided to test penicillin. In 1940, they gave penicillin to some sick mice, who survived later. But those who didn’t get it died. Florey declared: “It looks like a miracle!” By 1943, the final tests on humans were finished successfully and the world had its first antibiotic (抗生素) medicine. 1．Why did bacteria stop growing on one of the dishes? A．The mould juice killed them. B．Some old bread was on the dish. C．There was something special in the lab. D．The dish was on the bench for two weeks. 2．Fleming had to give up his study on penicillin because ________. A．something else was worth doing B．doing experiments cost much money C．no scientists showed an interest in it D．his boss didn’t believe his new discovery 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The discovery of penicillin. B．The great work of Chain and Florey. C．The tests on sick mice and humans. D．The value of Fleming’s notes about penicillin. 4．Which might be the best title of the text? A．The life of Fleming B．The story of Ernest Chain C．The science of fighting infections D．The birth of the world’s first antibiotic medicine 长难句解析 原句：（第四段第 3 句）In 1940, they gave penicillin to some sick mice, who survived later. 译文：1940 年，他们给一些生病的老鼠注射青霉素，这些老鼠后来存活了下来。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。结构分解：主句：they gave penicillin to some sick mice；定语从句：who survived later 修饰 mice（表 “后来存活下来的老鼠”）。 译文 在第一次世界大战期间，弗莱明在医院工作时目睹许多士兵因伤口感染而死亡。这促使他决定寻找一种帮助人体对抗感染的方法。 1928 年 9 月，弗莱明将一些培养皿放在实验室的长椅上两周。当他回来时，注意到一件令人困惑的事：除了一个培养皿外，所有培养皿上都在生长细菌。这个培养皿上长出了霉菌 —— 就是在陈面包上常见的那种。霉菌似乎释放出某种物质，阻止了细菌生长。弗莱明称其为 “霉菌汁”。他将其试用于其他细菌，同样杀死了它们。弗莱明欣喜若狂，并将其命名为青霉素。 不幸的是，弗莱明的老板认为他在浪费时间，且当时不可能杀死细菌。弗莱明又用青霉素做了几次实验，并将其写成文字，以便其他科学家了解。然而，由于似乎没人对他的发现感兴趣，他便遗忘了青霉素，开始研究其他事物。 1939 年，科学家欧内斯特・钱恩和他的老板霍华德・弗洛里在寻找能杀死细菌的药物时，发现了弗莱明的笔记，决定测试青霉素。1940 年，他们给一些生病的老鼠注射青霉素，这些老鼠后来存活了下来，而未注射的则死亡。弗洛里宣称：“这看起来像个奇迹！” 到 1943 年，人类临床试验成功完成，世界上第一种抗生素药物由此诞生。 Key words and phrases 1. 动词短语 die from 死于（原因常为外部，如伤口、事故） decide to do sth. 决定做某事 give off 释放，散发 stop sb./sth. from doing 阻止…… 做 be wild with joy 欣喜若狂 work on 致力于，研究 look for 寻找 give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 2. 名词短语 World War I 第一次世界大战 glass dishes 培养皿 antibiotic medicine 抗生素药物 3. 形容词 / 副词 puzzling 令人困惑的 unfortunately 不幸地 successfully 成功地 Passage A （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期中） 1 Throughout history, people have always looked for knowledge. This led to the creation of many important encyclopaedias. Ancient Rome 2 The earliest encyclopaedia on record is Natural History by Pliny. He wrote about his knowledge of ancient Rome. Although many of his writings were true, some were hard to believe, like the Sciapodae people with one foot as big as an umbrella! However, Pliny never finished improving his work because he went to Pompeii in 79 A．D．to visit Mount Vesuvius and died in the eruption (火山爆发). Ancient China ③ From the 10th to the 17th centuries, the Chinese government asked many clever people to make encyclopaedias. In the 11th century, they wrote Four Great Books of Song to collect all the information about the new Song dynasty. In 1408, China completed Yongle Encyclopaedia. It was the largest encyclopaedia until Wikipedia came along about six hundred years later. Enlightenment Ideas (启蒙思想） ④ When printing became common, encyclopaedias grew popular and important. During the Enlightenment, a famous encyclopaedia called Encyclopédie came out in France in 1751. Editor Diderot wanted it to “change the way people think” and help the rising middle class teach themselves. Also, the ideas in the book encouraged people to question the king's rule. This helped lay the cultural foundation (基础) for the French Revolution (法国大革命). The Internet Age ⑤ As the world went online, knowledge grew, too. Internet encyclopaedias started in the early1990s. By 2001, Wikipedia came out. In 2004, it became the biggest encyclopaedia with 300, 000 articles. By 2022, it had 6.5 million articles with pictures, videos, and more, making a lot of information easy to find online. 1．What was the earliest encyclopaedia on record? A．Natural History. B．Four Great Books of Song. C．Encyclopédie. D．Yongle Encyclopaedia. 2．What was the largest encyclopaedia worldwide in the early 1980s? A．Wikipedia. B．Four Great Books of Song. C．Encyclopaedia Britannica. D．Yongle Encyclopaedia. 3．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．French people were stupid at that time. B．Encyclopédie was an English encyclopaedia. C．Encyclopédie challenged the traditions of its time. D．The development of printing did not help people learn. 4．What can we learn from the history of encyclopaedias? A．People have never stopped looking for and sharing knowledge. B．Only intelligent and knowledgeable people can make encyclopaedias. C．Europe was the world’s education centre over the past two thousand years. D．Europeans and Chinese could not exchange information until the Internet age. 5．Where can you most probably find this article? A．From a story book. B．From an art magazine. C．From a newspaper. D．From a learning website. Passage B （2025·辽宁锦州·三模） When we hear the name Leonardo da Vinci, most of us probably think of his famous paintings The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. But do you know that he also did well in many other areas? Leonardo da Vinci was considered to be one of the most talented and the cleverest people in history. He left behind many notebooks full of creative ideas and inventions. They were also full of different subjects that he was studying. He spelt words backwards (朝反方向) and reversed (使……反转) each letter. So his notes could only be read through the use of a mirror. This “mirror writing” might have helped protect his ideas from getting stolen by others. In his notebooks, there were designs for flying machines. However, people learned how to use machines to fly about 400 years later. Leonardo da Vinci drew pictures and designs of war machines, musical instruments and many other things as well. Besides, he was also interested in the human body. He studied the human body a lot. He described different parts of the body in his notebooks. One of his most famous drawings, the Vitruvian Man, imagines a man with perfect proportions (比例). Leonardo da Vinci also studied the bodies of horses, cows, frogs, monkeys and other animals. Leonardo da Vinci believed that science and art were closely connected. In his opinion, the study of science and nature helped shape his work as an artist. Do you agree with him? 1．What does the underlined “They” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Leonardo da Vinci’s ideas. B．Leonardo da Vinci’s paintings. C．Leonardo da Vinci’s designs. D．Leonardo da Vinci’s notebooks. 2．What can we know about Leonardo da Vinci’s idea from the text? A．Science and his artworks weren’t closely connected. B．All artists should learn to make scientific inventions. C．Learning science helped him make better works of art. D．The study of nature couldn’t improve his work as an artist. 3．How is the text organized? (①= Paragraph 1;②= Paragraph 2;…) A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the main purpose of writing the text? A．To describe Leonardo da Vinci’s paintings. B．To introduce Leonardo da Vinci’s inventions. C．To let us know more about Leonardo da Vinci. D．To tell a funny story about Leonardo da Vinci. Passage C Yuan Longping is one of the greatest scientists in China. Having spent 50 years in agricultural(农业的) research, he has made a great contribution in solving the problem of feeding the large population of China. Yuan Long ping’s interest in agriculture began when he was still in primary school. Though his parents wished that he could study science or medicine, Yuan Longping chose to study agriculture at university. After graduation in 1953,Yuan became a teacher in an agricultural school in a small town called Anjiang, where he stayed for 19 years. Anjiang was the place where Yuan started his Hybrid rice (杂交水稻) research and eventually developed the world-famous three-line hybrid rice. During the period from the late 1950s to the early 1960s,China suffered from a nationwide famine(饥荒). The suffering left a deep impression on Yuan Longping, and he decided to make an effort to ensure that people in the future would have enough food to eat. Since 1960, he has devoted himself to the research and development of a better rice varietal(品种). Yuan Longping’s research was not supported in the beginning. Many people did not believe he would succeed. However, with a lot of effort and research in the field, Yuan’s group developed the first high-yielding (高产的) hybrid rice varietal in 1974. This rice yielded 20 per cent more per unit than other rice plants, putting China in the lead in worldwide rice production. Since then, Yuan Longping’s hybrid rice has also been grown in over 20 countries and has been attracting attention from the whole world, especially in areas at a risk from famine. Yuan Longping’s achievement is considered achievement as a victory over the threat of famine. As he accepted his Lifetime Achievement Award in 2019, Yuan Longping said that lifetime achievement means to strive(奋斗) with all your life. He will continue to demonstrate the award through his own actions. 1．How long did it take Yuan Longping to develop the first high-yielding hybrid rice varietal? A．14 years. B．19 years. C．20 years. D．24 years. 2．What can we learn about Yuan Longping from the passage? A．Yuan will stop his research when he gets older. B．Yuan’s hybrid rice helps both China and other countries. C．Yuan’s research on hybrid rice was always widely supported. D．Yuan became interested in agriculture when he was in university. 3．What is the correct order of the following events? a. Yuan achieved the Lifetime Achievement Award. b. A national famine took place in China. c. Yuan began to work as a teacher in an agricultural school. d. Yuan’s hybrid rice started to be grown in other countries. e. Yuan’s group developed the first high-yielding hybrid rice. A．c-b-e-d-a B．c-b-a-d-e C．b-c-e-d-a D．b-c-a-d-e 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Fight Against Famine. B．The Three-Line Hybrid Rice. C．Lifetime Achievement Award for Yuan Longping D．Yuan Longping — the Father of Hybrid Rice Passage D （24-25八年级上·广东广州·期末）Encyclopedias can give you facts and information about all kinds of subjects. There are different kinds of encyclopedias, such as encyclopedia of science, encyclopedia of music and so on. Do you know which encyclopaedia the following two articles are from? Philippe Bizot is a famous Mime Master (哑剧大师) from France. He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when was just eight years old. Since then, he has never stopped studying it. At the age of 20, he got the “International Paris Mime Prize”. In the past 30 years, he has given shows to people across the world. Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people imagine. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情). Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea? For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. The blue whale is the world’s biggest animal. There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do. Dolphins are very clever. They sometimes seem to speak to each other. Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and otters (水獭) love the sea. They swim and play there. They eat smaller fish and sea plants. 1．What does the first article mainly talk about? A．A famous French mime artist. B．The history of mime performance. C．How to become a mime artist. D．The popularity of mime in different countries. 2．What is special about Philippe Bizot’s mime performances? A．He uses a lot of props and costumes. B．He talks and sings during his performances. C．He has won many awards for his performances. D．He only uses his body, gestures, and facial expressions. 3．How are whales and dolphins similar, according to the second article? A．They can both breathe under water. B．They both need to come up to the surface to breathe. C．They are both very large animals. D．They can both communicate through speech. 4．Which animals are described as “loving the sea” in the second article? A．Seals. B．Otters. C．Both seals and otters. D．Neither seals nor otters. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$