Unit 4 Period 2 Grammar and usage（分层作业）英语译林版2020必修第一册

Unit 4 Period 2 Grammar and usage分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文 1． 对生活的态度 2． 以……为基础 3． 追溯到…… 4． 让路，让步，屈服于 5． 导致，造成 6． 为……做贡献，有助于 7． 向某人寻求帮助 8． 提出建议，提议 9． 阻止某人做某事 10． 企图去做某事 二、单句语法填空 11．As (schedule), the meeting will be held on Friday. 12． (attack) by the enemies, the historic city was nearly reduced to ruins. 13．Governments could relieve their economic (press). 14．We hope your suggestion will contribute to (improve) poor people’s life. 15．Raising retirement age is a subject about all the Chinese have argued for a long time. 16．On New Year’s Eve, a big fire swept through a top nightclub in Bangkok, killing at least 60 people, most of are foreigners. 17．This diary was written during the time Anne and her family moved to escape from being killed by Nazis. 18．Nearly 800 new pupils are reported to have received an admission letter their names are written by teachers. 三、句型转换 1．I had a fight with Kim. That was because she cheated! (合并为一个句子) I had a fight with Kim she cheated! 2．Do you remember the days? We played together during the days. (用定语从句改写成一个句子) 3．The time was the happiest for me. At that time I taught at a village school. (用定语从句改写成一个句子) 4．The house has been pulled down. He lived in the house 10 years ago. (用定语从句改写成一个句子) 5．The school lies in the east of the town. He once studied at the school. (用定语从句改写成一个句子) 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 6．Recent research has also shown that indulging in a high-fat and high-sugar diet may (对……有负面影响) your brain. 7．Martin hopes to (为社区做贡献) by volunteering his time. 8．She it （把…归功于）her teachers that she has developed a love for learning and a thirst for knowledge. 9．What kind of people often （受到压力的困扰）? 10．We will try our best to give you a (详细的行程表) soon. 五、语法填空 Overweight children and teenagers aged between 5 and 18 in the China mainland 1 (reach) 8.5 million in 2025, a number 2 surpasses (超过) the population of Spain, a study said. According to the study, among the obese Chinese youth, millions of them 3 (report) to suffer from all kinds of diseases. It also stated that in all there would be 268 million overweight schoolaged children worldwide by 2025, 4 (include) 91 million obese children, if no effective 5 (measure) could be taken to stop the existing trends. Inactivity and the consumption of junk food and soda drink contributed 6 the growing number of overweight 7 (young) in the world. 8 (respond) to the increase of obese children in China, the State Council released a guideline this year. The guideline aimed to prevent more children from becoming obese and it urged that the local government in China 9 (strength) the training of medical staff around children's health and promote knowledge of 10 (balance) eating and drinking habits among their parents. 六、完形填空 With the development of society and the continuous improvement of China’s economic strength, people’s lifestyle has gradually changed. Many Chinese people used to 11 each other with “Have you had your meal?” to show their friendliness. Recently, a new greeting has become 12 in many Chinese cities, namely “Have you 13 weight?” Chen Xin, a manager of a media company in Hangzhou, has 14 his friends after successfully getting 15 . “Following instructions from my nutritionist, I went on a 16 and lost 10 kg,” Chen said with a(n) 17 smile. In recent years, food delivery services have been growing fast and have entered almost every corner of Chinese cities. Also, Chinese people can 18 buy food from all over the world. Meanwhile, people are paying more and more attention to their 19 . More people are becoming 20 with various terms, such as “low-calorie”, “sugar-free” and so on. “I used to eat a lot of unhealthy food, which brought me much 21 ,”Chen said. “Now my health indicators (指标) are becoming 22 , and I can feel that my body is in good 23 again.” Chen is not alone. Many Chinese are troubled with “diseases of affluence(富裕)”, including obesity and high blood pressure, as the quality of life has been greatly 24 over the past decades. Most people need to worry about if they have a healthy diet, 25 if they have enough food. 11．A．ask B．question C．tell D．greet 12．A．important B．necessary C．popular D．usual 13．A．cut B．lost C．watched D．gained 14．A．surprised B．excited C．frightened D．pleased 15．A．fatter B．fitter C．slimmer D．stronger 16．A．diet B．run C．trip D．hike 17．A．relaxed B．confused C．interested D．satisfied 18．A．hardly B．simply C．easily D．cheaply 19．A．work B．family C．wealth D．health 20．A．content B．familiar C．concerned D．pleased 21．A．happiness B．luck C．trouble D．difficulty 22．A．formal B．normal C．high D．low 23．A．shape B．level C．order D．condition 24．A．maintained B．improved C．affected D．tested 25．A．rather than B．or rather C．other than D．or other 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Period 2 Grammar and usage分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文 1． 对生活的态度 2． 以……为基础 3． 追溯到…… 4． 让路，让步，屈服于 5． 导致，造成 6． 为……做贡献，有助于 7． 向某人寻求帮助 8． 提出建议，提议 9． 阻止某人做某事 10． 企图去做某事 【答案】 1．attitude to/towards life 2．be based on 3．date back to = date from 4．give way to 5．lead to = result in 6．contribute to 7．turn to sb for help = ask sb for help 8．make a proposal 9．prevent/stop sb from doing sth 10．attempt to do sth = make an attempt to do sth 【解析】 1．“态度”的英文表达是attitude，“对生活的态度”的英文表达是attitude to/towards life，故填attitude to/towards life。 2．“以……为基础”的英文表达是be based on，故填be based on。 3．“追溯到……”的英文表达是date back to，相当于date from，故填date back to = date from。 4．“让路，让步，屈服于”的英文表达是give way to，故填give way to。 5．“导致，造成”的英文表达是lead to，相当于result in，故填lead to = result in。 6．“为……做贡献，有助于”的英文表达是contribute to，故填contribute to。 7．“向某人寻求帮助”的英文表达是turn to sb for help，相当于ask sb for help，故填turn to sb for help = ask sb for help。 8．“提出建议，提议”的英文表达是make a proposal，故填make a proposal。 9．“阻止某人做某事”的英文表达是prevent/stop sb from doing sth，故填prevent/stop sb from doing sth。 10．“企图去做某事”的英文表达是attempt to do sth，相当于make an attempt to do sth，故填attempt to do sth = make an attempt to do sth。 二、单句语法填空 11．As (schedule), the meeting will be held on Friday. 【答案】scheduled 【详解】考查省略句。句意：按照安排，会议将在周五举行。本题中as引导的为方式状语从句，表示“按照……的方式；如同……一样”，因从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，所以可以省略从句中的主语和be动词，即完整形式为：As the meeting is scheduled。所以此处用schedule的过去分词形式。故填scheduled。 12． (attack) by the enemies, the historic city was nearly reduced to ruins. 【答案】Attacked 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在敌人的攻击下，这座古城几乎被夷为废墟。此处attack与city为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Attacked。 13．Governments could relieve their economic (press). 【答案】pressure 【详解】考查名词。句意：政府可以减轻经济压力。此处作宾语，应用名词pressure“压力”，不可数。故填pressure。 14．We hope your suggestion will contribute to (improve) poor people’s life. 【答案】improving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望你的建议将有助于改善穷人的生活。contribute to意思为：有助于，to为介词，空处用动名词作宾语。故填improving。 15．Raising retirement age is a subject about all the Chinese have argued for a long time. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：提高退休年龄是一个所有中国人争论了很长时间的话题。分析句子，句中构成介词+关系代词的结构引导定语从句，引导词在从句中作介词about的宾语，修饰先行词subject，为物。故填which。 16．On New Year’s Eve, a big fire swept through a top nightclub in Bangkok, killing at least 60 people, most of are foreigners. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：新年前夕，曼谷一家顶级夜总会发生大火，造成至少60人死亡，其中大部分是外国人。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是60 people，指人，在从句中做介词of的宾语，用关系代词whom。 17．This diary was written during the time Anne and her family moved to escape from being killed by Nazis. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这本日记是在安妮和她的家人为了躲避纳粹的杀戮而搬家的时候写的。设空处引导定语从句且在句中作时间状语，先行词为the time。故填when。 18．Nearly 800 new pupils are reported to have received an admission letter their names are written by teachers. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据报道，近800名新学生收到了由老师写名字的录取通知书。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词 an admission letter，引导词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，表示抽象概念的地点，用where。故填where。 三、句型转换 1．I had a fight with Kim. That was because she cheated! (合并为一个句子) I had a fight with Kim she cheated! 【答案】 The reason why was that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我和Kim吵架了。那是因为她作弊了！合并两个简单句，为“我与Kim打架的原因是她作弊”，用固定句型The reason why…is/was that…；故空①②为the reason，表示特指加定冠词the，空③用关系副词why引导定语从句，修饰reason，在从句中作原因状语，主语the reason是单数，句子用一般过去时，空④为was，“she cheated”是was后的表语从句，从句句意完整，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填①The；②reason；③ why；④was；⑤that。 2．Do you remember the days? We played together during the days. (用定语从句改写成一个句子) 【答案】Do you remember the days during which we played together？或者Do you remember the days when we played together？ 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你还记得我们一起玩耍的日子吗? 分析两个句子可知，两句中重复的名词是days，因此，定语从句的先行词是 days，x先行词在定语从句中作宾语或者时间状语。从句应该用介词加关系代词 during which或者 关系副词 when引导，during which或者when在从句中作时间状语。故填： Do you remember the days during which we played together？或者 Do you remember the days when we played together？ 3．The time was the happiest for me. At that time I taught at a village school. (用定语从句改写成一个句子) 【答案】The time when I taught at a village school was the happiest for me 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我在乡村学校教书的那段时间对我来说是最幸福的。分析可知，两个句子有重复的名词time ，因此time 为定语从句的先行词，用关系副词when引导定语从句，且关系副词在从句中作时间状语。故填The time when I taught at a village school was the happiest for me。 4．The house has been pulled down. He lived in the house 10 years ago. (用定语从句改写成一个句子) 【答案】The house where he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down 【详解】考查定语从句。原句两句话重复的部分是the house，所以the house做先行词，定语从句修饰the house， 先行词在从句中做地点状语，关系词用where，主句主语是the house, 谓语动词是has been pulled down，从句部分是where he lived 10 years ago。故改写成The house where he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down。 5．The school lies in the east of the town. He once studied at the school. (用定语从句改写成一个句子) 【答案】The school where he once studied lies in the east of the town 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他曾经学习的学校位于小镇的东部。原句2句重复的部分是the school，所以the school做先行词，定语从句修饰先行词，先行词the school在从句中做地点状语，关系词词用where，改写后的句子主语是the school，谓语动词是lies，定语从句部分是where he once studied，结合句子其他部分，故改写成The school where he once studied lies in the east of the town。 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 6．Recent research has also shown that indulging in a high-fat and high-sugar diet may (对……有负面影响) your brain. 【答案】have negative effects on 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：最近的研究还表明，沉溺于高脂高糖饮食可能会对大脑产生负面影响。根据汉语提示“对……有负面影响”可用have negative effects on sth.，且may后跟动词原形。故填have negative effects on。 7．Martin hopes to (为社区做贡献) by volunteering his time. 【答案】contribute/make a contribution to the community 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：马丁希望通过志愿服务为社区做贡献。根据汉语提示可知，表示“为社区做贡献”可用contribute to the community或者make a contribution to the community；根据空前hopes to可知，此处考查固定搭配hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，空处应用动词原形，与空前to构成动词不定式。故填contribute/make a contribution to the community。 8．She it （把…归功于）her teachers that she has developed a love for learning and a thirst for knowledge. 【答案】 owes to 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：正是因为她的老师，她才培养了对学习的热爱和对知识的渴求。根据汉语提示，动词短语owe/…to…意为“把……归功于……”，符合题意，句子时态为一般现在时，主语she为第三人称单数。故填owes；to。 9．What kind of people often （受到压力的困扰）? 【答案】suffer from stress/ suffer from pressure 【详解】考查时态和固定短语。句意：什么样的人经常受到压力的困扰？表示“遭受”用suffer from；“压力”为stress或者pressure，为不可数名词。本句子为陈述一般性事实，所以用一般现在时，主语为people，为复数；所以谓语动词用复数。故答案为suffer from stress或者 suffer from pressure。 10．We will try our best to give you a (详细的行程表) soon. 【答案】 detailed schedule 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：我们将尽最大努力尽快为您提供详细的行程表。形容词detailed“详细的”在句中作定语修饰名词schedule，名词schedule“行程表”在句中作宾语，由a可知，用单数形式。故填①detailed；②schedule。 五、语法填空 Overweight children and teenagers aged between 5 and 18 in the China mainland 1 (reach) 8.5 million in 2025, a number 2 surpasses (超过) the population of Spain, a study said. According to the study, among the obese Chinese youth, millions of them 3 (report) to suffer from all kinds of diseases. It also stated that in all there would be 268 million overweight schoolaged children worldwide by 2025, 4 (include) 91 million obese children, if no effective 5 (measure) could be taken to stop the existing trends. Inactivity and the consumption of junk food and soda drink contributed 6 the growing number of overweight 7 (young) in the world. 8 (respond) to the increase of obese children in China, the State Council released a guideline this year. The guideline aimed to prevent more children from becoming obese and it urged that the local government in China 9 (strength) the training of medical staff around children's health and promote knowledge of 10 (balance) eating and drinking habits among their parents. 【答案】 1．will reach 2．that/which 3．were reported 4．including 5．measures 6．to 7．youth 8．To respond 9．strengthen/should strengthen 10．balanced 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲了在中国，超重儿童越来越多。不运动、吃垃圾食品和喝碳酸饮料带来了世界上超重青少年的增长。为了应对中国肥胖儿童的增长，国务院今年发布了指导方针。 1．考查时态。根据时间状语in 2025，可判断出是发生在将来的事情，用一般将来时，所以填will reach。 2．考查定语从句。　　　　 surpasses (超过) the population of Spain是一个定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，所以填that/which。 3．考查时态和语态。“他们”和“报道”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以填were reported。 4．考查介词。文中表示“包括9100万肥胖儿童”，用介词，所以填including。 5．考查名词。作句子主语，用名词，文中表示“有效的措施”是复数意义，所以填measures。 6．考查固定短语。句意：不运动、吃垃圾食品和喝碳酸饮料带来了世界上超重青少年的增长。contribute to带来了，该短语是固定短语，所以填to。 7．考查名词。句意：不运动、吃垃圾食品和喝碳酸饮料带来了世界上超重青少年的增长。文中表示“超重青少年”，该空需要用名词，所以填youth。 8．考查不定式。句意：为了应对中国肥胖儿童的增长，国务院今年发布了指导方针。作目的状语，用不定式结构，所以填To respond。 9．考查宾语从句的虚拟语气。that the local government in China 　　　　 (strength) the training of medical staff around children's health and promote knowledge of 　　　　 (balance) eating and drinking habits among their parents.是一个宾语从句，动词urge后的宾语从句，从句中用“should + 动词原形”，should可以被省略的虚拟语气，所以填(should) strengthen。 10．考查形容词。该空修饰名词eating，用形容词，所以填balanced。 六、完形填空 With the development of society and the continuous improvement of China’s economic strength, people’s lifestyle has gradually changed. Many Chinese people used to 11 each other with “Have you had your meal?” to show their friendliness. Recently, a new greeting has become 12 in many Chinese cities, namely “Have you 13 weight?” Chen Xin, a manager of a media company in Hangzhou, has 14 his friends after successfully getting 15 . “Following instructions from my nutritionist, I went on a 16 and lost 10 kg,” Chen said with a(n) 17 smile. In recent years, food delivery services have been growing fast and have entered almost every corner of Chinese cities. Also, Chinese people can 18 buy food from all over the world. Meanwhile, people are paying more and more attention to their 19 . More people are becoming 20 with various terms, such as “low-calorie”, “sugar-free” and so on. “I used to eat a lot of unhealthy food, which brought me much 21 ,”Chen said. “Now my health indicators (指标) are becoming 22 , and I can feel that my body is in good 23 again.” Chen is not alone. Many Chinese are troubled with “diseases of affluence(富裕)”, including obesity and high blood pressure, as the quality of life has been greatly 24 over the past decades. Most people need to worry about if they have a healthy diet, 25 if they have enough food. 11．A．ask B．question C．tell D．greet 12．A．important B．necessary C．popular D．usual 13．A．cut B．lost C．watched D．gained 14．A．surprised B．excited C．frightened D．pleased 15．A．fatter B．fitter C．slimmer D．stronger 16．A．diet B．run C．trip D．hike 17．A．relaxed B．confused C．interested D．satisfied 18．A．hardly B．simply C．easily D．cheaply 19．A．work B．family C．wealth D．health 20．A．content B．familiar C．concerned D．pleased 21．A．happiness B．luck C．trouble D．difficulty 22．A．formal B．normal C．high D．low 23．A．shape B．level C．order D．condition 24．A．maintained B．improved C．affected D．tested 25．A．rather than B．or rather C．other than D．or other 【答案】 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．C 16．A 17．D 18．C 19．D 20．B 21．C 22．B 23．D 24．B 25．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着过去几十年生活质量的大幅提高，许多中国人饱受“富贵病”的困扰，包括肥胖和高血压。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多中国人过去常常用“你吃饭了吗?”来表示他们的友好。A. ask问；B. question质问；C. tell告诉；D. greet问候。根据下文中的“a new greeting”可知，很多中国人过去常常互相问候“吃了吗？”。故选D项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近，一种新的问候语在中国许多城市流行起来，那就是“你瘦了吗?”A. important重要的；B. necessary必须的；C. popular流行的；D. usual寻常的。结合上句“Many Chinese people used to　 　 each other with “Have you had your meal?” to show their friendliness.”和常识可知，此处表示如今有一种新的问候方式在中国的许多城市流行，即“你减肥了吗？”。故选C项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，一种新的问候语在中国许多城市流行起来，那就是“你瘦了吗？”A. cut切；B. lost失去，减（重）；C. watched看；D. gained得到，增（肥）。结合下文“lost 10 kg”可知，此处指的是变瘦、体重减轻，即lose weight“体重减轻，变瘦”。故选B项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：陈新是杭州一家媒体公司的经理，他成功瘦身后让朋友们大吃一惊。A. surprised惊讶的；B. excited兴奋的；C. frightened害怕的；D. pleased高兴的。根据下文“and lost 10 kg”可知，他瘦了10公斤，这件事让他的朋友们很惊讶。故选A项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：陈新是杭州一家媒体公司的经理，他成功瘦身后让朋友们大吃一惊。A. fatter更胖；B. fitter更健康；C. slimmer更瘦，更苗条；D. stronger更强壮。根据下文中的“lost 10 kg”可知，他变得更苗条了。slim“苗条的”。故选C项。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“按照营养师的建议，我开始节食，减掉了10公斤，”陈凯旋满意地笑着说。A. diet饮食，节食；B. run跑；C. trip旅行；D. hike远足。根据下文中的“lost 10 kg”并结合选项可知，此处表示节食。go on a diet“节食”。故选A项。 17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“按照营养师的建议，我开始节食，减掉了10公斤，”陈凯旋满意地笑着说。A. relaxed放松的；B. confused困惑的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. satisfied满意的。根据上文“Following instructions from my nutritionist, I went on a　　 　　and lost 10 kg”可知，他瘦了10公斤后变得更苗条了，因此他说这些话时是满意的。satisfied“满意的”。故选D项。 18．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，中国人可以很容易地从世界各地购买食物。A. hardly几乎不；B. simply简单地；C. easily容易地；D. cheaply便宜地。根据上文“food delivery services have been growing fast and have entered almost every corner of Chinese cities.”可知，此处表示中国人可以很容易买到来自世界各地的食物。故选C项。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，人们越来越重视自己的健康。A. work工作；B. family家庭；C. wealth财富；D. health健康。联系上下文尤其是根据下文中提到的“low-calorie”和“sugar-free”可知,中国人越来越关注自己的健康。故选D项。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的人开始熟悉各种各样的术语，比如“低卡路里”、“无糖”等等。A. content满意的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. concerned担心的；D. pleased高兴的。根据空前“Meanwhile, people are paying more and more attention to their 9　. ”可知，中国人越来越关注自己的健康，所以他们对这些术语应该是越来越熟悉。故选B项。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：陈说：“我以前吃了很多不健康的食物，这给我带来了很多麻烦。” A. happiness快乐；B. luck运气；C. trouble麻烦；D. difficulty困难。根据空前“unhealthy food”可推断，他以前吃很多不健康的食物，这给他带来很多麻烦。故选C项。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在我的健康指标正在恢复正常，我可以感觉到我的身体状况又恢复了。” A. formal正式的；B. normal正常的；C. high高的；D. low低的。根据下文中的“and I can feel that my body is in good again”可知，现如今他的健康指标恢复正常，他感觉身体状况良好。 故选B项。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在我的健康指标正在恢复正常，我可以感觉到我的身体状况又恢复了。” A. shape形状；B. level水平；C. order命令；D. condition状况。根据上文中的“and I can feel that my body is in good again”可知，现如今他的健康指标恢复正常，他感觉身体状况良好。in good condition表示“状况良好”。选D项。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着过去几十年生活质量的大幅提高，许多中国人饱受“富贵病”的困扰，包括肥胖和高血压。A. maintained维持；B. improved改善，提高；C. affected影响；D. tested测试。根据上文中的“diseases of affluence(富裕)”可知，此处表示中国人的生活质量大幅提高。故选B项。 25．考查固定短语辨析。句意：大多数人需要担心的是他们是否有一个健康的饮食，而不是他们是否有足够的食物。A. rather than而不是；B. or rather说得更正确点；C. other than除了……之外；D. or other或者说。结合语境可知，空前healthy diet与空后enough food为对比关系，讲大多数人需要担心的是他们是否有健康的饮食，而不是他们是否有足够的食物。rather than“而不是”。故选A项。 3 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$