Unit 3 Period 2 Grammar and usage（分层作业）英语译林版2020必修第一册

Unit 3 Period 2 Grammar and usage分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文 1．最初的居民 2．占……比例 3．时光旅行 4．导致悖论 5．你是认真的吗？ 6．让我直说了吧。 7．多亏了技术的进步 8．在我们有生之年 9．医疗 10．指望，依靠 【答案】 1．original residents 2．account for… 3．time travel 4．result in a paradox 5．Are you serious? 6．Let me get this straight. 7．thanks to advances in technology 8．within our lifetime 9．medical care 10．bank on/depend on/rely on/count on 【解析】1．考查固定短语。“original”意为“最初的，起初的”，形容词词性，“resident”意为“居民”，名词词性，“original residents”表示“最初的居民”。故填：original residents。 2．考查固定短语。“account for…”为固定短语，意为“占……比例”。故填：account for…。 3．考查固定短语。“time”意为“时间”，名词词性，“travel”意为“旅行”，名词词性，“time travel”表示“时光旅行”。故填：time travel。 4．考查固定短语。“result in”意为“导致”，“paradox”意为“悖论”，名词词性，“result in a paradox”表示“导致悖论”。故填：result in a paradox。 5．考查固定句型。“serious”意为“认真的”，形容词词性，“Are you serious?”表示“你是认真的吗？”，“You can’t be serious!”表示“你不是认真的吧！”，或用“You must be kidding!”表示“你不是认真的吧！”。故填：Are you serious?/You can’t be serious!/You must be kidding!。 6．考查固定句型。“Let me get this straight.”意为“让我直说了吧。”，为固定句型。故填：Let me get this straight.。 7．考查固定短语。“thanks to”意为“由于，多亏了”，“advance”意为“进步”，名词词性，“technology”意为“技术”，名词词性，“thanks to advances in technology”表示“由于/多亏了技术的进步”。故填：thanks to advances in technology。 8．考查固定短语。“within”意为“在（某段时间）之内”，介词词性，“lifetime”意为“有生之年”，名词词性，“within our lifetime”表示“在我们有生之年”。故填：within our lifetime。 9．考查固定短语。“medical”意为“医疗的”，形容词词性，“care”意为“护理，照顾”，名词词性，“medical care”表示“医疗”。故填：medical care。 10．考查固定短语。“bank on”意为“指望，依靠”，为固定短语，或用“depend on/rely on/count on”表示“指望，依靠”。故填：bank on/depend on/rely on/count on。 二、单句语法填空 11．Acts of （generous）, no matter how small, can significantly enhance the warmth and depth of a friendship. 【答案】generosity 12． （misunderstand）resulting from lack of social communication, if not dealt with properly, may lead to serious problems. 【答案】Misunderstandings 13．Despite her （suffer）from a bad headache, she still managed to join us for dinner. 【答案】suffering 14．A sincere （apologize）can mend even the most damaged relationships. 【答案】apology 15．I was （ignorance）of her feelings, which caused a misunderstanding between us. 【答案】ignorant 16．In the heat of an argument, it's important to reserve （judge）and listen to the other person's point of view. 【答案】judgement 17．Those who are interested in this position should apply person. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：对这个职位感兴趣的人应该亲自申请。分析句子可知，此处为介词短语in person“亲自”，满足句意要求，所以此处为介词in的填入。故填in。 18．The plan is designed to motivate employees to work (efficient). 【答案】efficiently 【详解】考查副词。句意：该计划旨在激励员工高效工作。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用副词efficiently“高效地”，作状语，修饰动词work。故填efficiently。 三、句型转换 1．The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park. (用定语从句合并) → is our geography teacher. 【答案】The woman (who/whom/that) you saw in the park 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你在公园里看到的女人是我们的地理老师。分析原句可知，第二句中的her指代第一句中的The woman，所以The woman应为定语从句的先行词，同时作为主句的主语，从句缺少宾语，应用关系代词that/who/whom，关系代词作宾语可以省略，所以定语从句为The woman (who/whom/that) you saw in the park，主句为The woman is our geography teacher，故答案为The woman (who/whom/that) you saw in the park。 2．The city is near the sea. The city is very beautiful. →The city .(用定语从句合并) 【答案】which/that is near the sea is very beautiful 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：靠近大海的这个城市很漂亮。使用定语从句将两个句子进行合并，先行词为the city，定语从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词that/which，定语从句which/that is near the sea对先行词the city进行修饰，故答案为which/that is near the sea is very beautiful。 3．The couple moved into an old room. The window of it was just opposite to a beautiful park. →The couple moved into an old room . 【答案】whose window was just opposite to a beautiful park 【详解】考查定语从句。原句意：这对夫妇搬进了一间旧房间。它的窗户正对着一个美丽的公园。把第一句当作主句，其中an old room是先行词，作定语，由关系代词whose修饰window替代第二句中的The window of it，引导定语从句。故答案为whose window was just opposite to a beautiful park。 4．He thinks but doesn’t learn. He is in great danger. （用定语从句合并句子） →He is in great danger. 【答案】who thinks but doesn’t learn/that thinks but doesn’t learn 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些思考但不学习的人将处于巨大的危险之中。根据原句可知把He thinks but doesn’t learn.处理为修饰he的定语从句，先行词是he，在从句中作主语，可以用that/who引导限制性定语从句，故填who/that thinks but doesn’t learn。 5．I believe nothing in the world is difficult for a person. He sets his mind to it. （用定语从句合并句子） →I believe nothing in the world is difficult for a person . 【答案】who/that sets his mind to it 【详解】考查定语从句。原句意：我相信世上无难事。他下定决心了。把第一句当作主句，其中a person作先行词，指人，替代第二句中的主语he，由关系代词who/that引导定语从句。故答案为who/that sets his mind to it。 6．He makes himself a sheep. He shall be eaten by the wolf. （用定语从句合并句子） →He shall be eaten by the wolf. 【答案】that makes himself a sheep/who makes himself a sheep 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：把自己当羊的人会被狼吃掉。根据原句及所给句子可知，把He makes himself a sheep.变为限定性定语从句，先行词是he，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，可以用that/who引导。故填that/who makes himself a sheep。 7．Fortunately, my neighbor helped me out. His teacher was a doctor. （用定语从句合并句子） →Fortunately, my neighbor, , helped me out. 【答案】whose teacher was a doctor 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：幸运的是，我的邻居，他的老师是一名医生，帮助了我。根据原句可知把His teacher was a doctor变为定语从句，my neighbor作为先行词，代替先行词my neighbor在从句中作定语，用whose引导非限制性定语从句，故填whose teacher was a doctor。 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 8．A real friend is one who will stand by you .(同甘共苦，不顾艰难险阻). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】through thick and thin 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：一个真正的朋友会与你同甘共苦。根据所给中文提示词，此处应是固定搭配：through thick and thin意为“同甘共苦，不顾艰难险阻”。故填through thick and thin。 9．However, the modern tools keeping us connected are (侵蚀) the meaning of friendship now. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】eating away at 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：然而，让我们保持联系的现代工具正在蚕食友谊的意义。根据汉语提示可知短语为eat away at，结合上文are可知为现在进行时。故填eating away at。 10．Mike is not the person you can when in need. (指望) （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】 count on 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：迈克不是你在有需要的时候可以信赖的人。count on意为“指望”，为固定搭配，且空前有can，这里应用动词原形。故填count；on。 11．The (最精彩的部分) of the performance was a short play performed by the Drama Club. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】high point 【详解】考查名词短语。句意：演出最精彩的部分是戏剧社表演的一个短剧。分析句子和句意可知，空处应为名词短语，作主语；“最精彩的部分”翻译为high point；由谓语动词“was”可知，主语应为单数形式。故填high point。 12．Yesterday I lost the book (我的英语老师送给我的) as a birthday gift. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】which/that my English teacher had given me 【详解】考查定语从句和过去完成时。句意：昨天我把英语老师作为生日礼物送给我的那本书弄丢了。“我的英语老师送给我的”的英文表达是which/that my English teacher had given me，句中the book作先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作宾语，定语从句由关系代词which/that引导，且从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词lost前面，用过去完成时。故答案为which/that my English teacher had given me。 五、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mike 1 studied at our school from 2001 to 2003 is British. Mike was one of the most helpful students 2 I’d ever seen. In 2004, he went to a university 3 was famous in the country and he became interested in Chinese culture 4 influenced him greatly. After graduation from university, he studied at Beijing Language and Culture University 5 is an international university in China and 6 main task is to teach students Chinese and Chinese culture. At the beginning, he was not good at speaking Chinese. Two years later, however, he was able 7 (speak) fluent Chinese. Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China. Some of the cities in China 8 he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. In China he developed an interest 9 teaching English to Chinese students. Most of the students 10 he taught have become his friends. 【答案】 1．that/who 2．that 3．that/which 4．that/which 5．that/which 6．whose 7．to speak 8．which/that 9．in 10．whom/that 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了麦克在中国上学、工作的经历。麦克对中国文化感兴趣并成为了一名教师。 1．考查定语从句。句意：自2001年至2003年，麦克在我们学校上学，他是英国人。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，空白处在限定性定语从句中作主语表示人，应使用指人的关系代词that/who引导定语从句，故填that/who。 2．考查定语从句。句意：麦克是我见过的最乐于助人的学生之一。分析句子结构，这是一个包含限定性定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作主语表示人，因先行词被the most修饰，只能使用that引导定语从句，故填that。 3．考查定语从句。句意：2004年，他去了一所在国内很有名的大学，对中国文化产生了兴趣，这对他产生了很大的影响。分析句子结构，这是一个包含限定性定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作主语表示物，应使用指物的关系代词引导定语从句，故填that/which。 4．考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构，这是一个包含限定性定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作主语表示物，应使用指物的关系代词引导定语从句，故填that/which。 5．考查定语从句。句意：大学毕业后，他就读于北京语言大学，这是一所中国的国际大学，其主要任务是向学生教授汉语和中国文化。分析句子结构，这是一个包含限定性定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作主语表示物，应使用指物的关系代词引导定语从句，故填that/which。 6．考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作定语，应使用whose引导定语从句，故填whose。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，两年以后，他已经能够流利地说英语了。分析句子结构，be able to do为固定句型，含义为：能够……，与句子表达的含义一致，故填to speak。 8．考查定语从句。句意：他最喜欢的中国城市有北京、上海、哈尔滨和南京。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，空白处在限定性定语从句中作宾语表示物，应使用指物的关系代词引导定语从句，故填that/which。 9．考查介词。句意：在中国，他对向中国学生教授英语产生了兴趣。分析句子结构，be interested in为固定句型，含义为：对……感兴趣，与句子表达的含义一致，故填in。 10．考查定语从句。句意：他教过的大部分学生都成了他的朋友。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，空白处在限定性定语从句中作宾语表示人，应使用指人的关系代词引导定语从句，故填whom/that。 六、完形填空 I work as a 11 at a restaurant. Last night I saw a moving scene—an old white wealthy couple came in and my co-worker 12 them. We usually do our own tables, but because we were so 13 last night we helped each other out. At one point the couple signaled to me that they were ready to order. I usually find it rude when people go out of their 14 to make their order, but once I took their order I understood why. The husband began ordering and started stuttering(结巴). It was very clear that he had a 15 difficulty. I could 16 the wife had told her husband what she wanted as a way for him to 17 ordering. It took quite some time for him to order, and at the same time she was 18 there, looking so proud and satisfied, 19 her husband’s stuttering. Honestly the incident later made me realize that a huge part of 20 is acceptance and support. She could have made the order and made 21 much easier for her husband and 22 the look from other tables, but she didn’t. 23 , she supported him and was proud to see him complete the order. It also made me understand that 24 is difficult for all of us, we all have our own 25 . 11．A．manager B．waiter C．journalist D．judge 12．A．thanked B．calmed C．seated D．commanded 13．A．excited B．powerful C．sensitive D．busy 14．A．way B．mind C．doubt D．mercy 15．A．attention B．opinion C．hearing D．speech 16．A．judge B．tell C．think D．forecast 17．A．practice B．begin C．enjoy D．suffer 18．A．standing B．settling C．sitting D．laughing 19．A．recognizing B．ignoring C．inspecting D．escaping 20．A．love B．suffering C．responsibility D．happiness 21．A．performances B．things C．usages D．designs 22．A．fancied B．enjoyed C．appreciated D．avoided 23．A．However B．Besides C．Instead D．So 24．A．life B．study C．ordering D．expression 25．A．terrors B．joys C．questions D．problems 【答案】 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．D 16．B 17．A 18．C 19．B 20．A 21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了身为服务员的作者一次在餐厅接待一对看起来很富有的老夫妻，最初作者觉得他们示意作者点餐的方式很粗鲁，最后发现这是因为妻子为了锻炼口吃的丈夫而采取的训练方式。这件事让作者明白，爱很大一部分是接纳、包容和扶持，也让作者意识到每个人都有不顺心的事。 【详解】11.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在一家餐馆当服务员。A. manager经理；B. waiter服务员；C. journalist记者；D. judge法官。结合后文to me that they were ready to order.可知作者是一家餐厅的服务员，负责给顾客点餐。故选B。 12.考查动词词义辨析。句意：昨天晚上我看到一个感人的场面：一对有钱的白人老夫妇走了进来，我的同事安排他们坐下。A. thanked感谢；B. calmed使平静；C. seated使……坐下，领……就座；D. commanded命令。老夫妻来吃饭，同事为他们安排了座位，此处seat表示“领……就座”。故选C。 13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们通常只负责自己的那几桌客人，但昨天晚上太忙了，所以我们互相帮助。A. excited激动的；B. powerful强大的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. busy忙碌的。根据后文we helped each other out.可知作者他们那晚太忙了，所以互相帮助。故选D。 14.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我通常觉得人们以如此高调的方式点餐是不礼貌的，但一旦我接受了他们的点餐，我就明白为什么了。A. way方式，方法；B. mind思维；C. doubt怀疑；D. mercy仁慈。结合上文夫妇用打手势的方式（way）来示意作者点餐。故选A。 15.考查名词词义辨析。句意：很明显，他说话有困难。A. attention注意力；B. opinion观点；C. hearing听力；D. speech讲话，演讲。根据上文丈夫点餐结巴可知很明显他说话有障碍。speech difficulty表示“语言障碍”。故选D。 16.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看得出妻子之前非常详细的告诉过他自己想吃什么，作为他练习说话的一种方式。A. judge判断；B. tell辨别，告诉；C. think思考；D. forecast预测。结合后文what she wanted as a way for him to ______ ordering.可知作者看得出（tell），妻子之前就明确地告诉了丈夫自己想吃什么，只是想丈夫来点餐作为一种练习说话的方式。故选B。 17.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看得出妻子之前非常详细的告诉过他自己想吃什么，作为他练习说话的一种方式。A. practice练习；B. begin开始；C. enjoy欣赏；D. suffer遭受。丈夫说话结巴，妻子让他点餐是为了让他练习（practice）说话。故选A。 18.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他点菜花了很长时间，与此同时，老太太就坐在那儿（看着他），看起来那么骄傲和满足，完全忽略了她丈夫的口吃。A. standing站立；B. settling设置；C. sitting坐下；D. laughing大笑。承接上文，二人在餐厅就餐是坐着点餐的。故选C。 19.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他点菜花了很长时间，与此同时，老太太就坐在那儿（看着他），看起来那么骄傲和满足，完全忽略了她丈夫的口吃。A. recognizing辨认；B. ignoring不理会，忽视；C. inspecting检查；D. escaping逃跑。根据上文looking so proud and satisfied可知妻子完全忽略丈夫的口吃，看起来很满意。故选B。 20.考查名词词义辨析。句意：说实话，这件事后来让我意识到，爱的很大一部分是接受和支持。A. love爱；B. suffering折磨；C. responsibility责任；D. happiness幸福。结合上文妻子让口吃的丈夫点餐，并为他感到骄傲，可知此处强调的是妻子对丈夫的爱，很大一部分是接受和支持。故选A。 21.考查名词词义辨析。句意：她本来可以自己点菜的，让丈夫把事情变得更容易，也可以避免其他客人的异样的眼光，但她并没有这么做。A. performances演出；B. things事情；C. usages用法；D. designs设计。妻子如果自己点餐，就能给丈夫省点事，让事情变得更容易。故选B。 22.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她本来可以自己点菜的，让丈夫把事情变得更容易，也可以避免其他客人的异样的眼光，但她并没有这么做。A. fancied设想，认为；B. enjoyed欣赏；C. appreciated感激；D. avoided避免。根据后文the look from other tables可知妻子点餐能够避免（avoided）其他客人异样的眼光。故选D。 23.考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，她支持他，并为他完成订单而自豪。A. However然而；B. Besides而且；C. Instead反而；D. So所以。妻子本来可以更省事，自己点菜，还可以避免他人异样的眼光，但是相反（instead）她支持丈夫点菜，并且很自豪地看到他点完餐。故选C。 24.考查名词词义辨析。句意：它也让我明白，生活对我们所有人来说都是困难的,我们都有自己的麻烦。A. life生活；B. study学习；C. ordering组合；D. expression表达。老夫妻虽然富有，但是丈夫有口吃，可见生活对所有人来说都是困难的。其它选项不符合语境。故选A。 25.考查名词词义辨析。句意：它也让我明白，生活对我们所有人来说都是困难的,我们都有自己的麻烦。A. terrors恐怖；B. joys快乐；C. questions问题；D. problems麻烦，问题。承接上文is difficult for all of us可知生活对所有人来说都是困难的，每个人都有自己的问题和麻烦事。question指须待解答的问题，是就疑问而言的。而problem指须待解决的问题，是就困难而言的，此处应用problems。故选D。 2 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Period 2 Grammar and usage分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文 1．最初的居民 2．占……比例 3．时光旅行 4．导致悖论 5．你是认真的吗？ 6．让我直说了吧。 7．多亏了技术的进步 8．在我们有生之年 9．医疗 10．指望，依靠 二、单句语法填空 11．Acts of （generous）, no matter how small, can significantly enhance the warmth and depth of a friendship. 12． （misunderstand）resulting from lack of social communication, if not dealt with properly, may lead to serious problems. 13．Despite her （suffer）from a bad headache, she still managed to join us for dinner. 14．A sincere （apologize）can mend even the most damaged relationships. 15．I was （ignorance）of her feelings, which caused a misunderstanding between us. 16．In the heat of an argument, it's important to reserve （judge）and listen to the other person's point of view. 17．Those who are interested in this position should apply person. 18．The plan is designed to motivate employees to work (efficient). 三、句型转换 1．The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park. (用定语从句合并) → is our geography teacher. 2．The city is near the sea. The city is very beautiful. →The city .(用定语从句合并) 3．The couple moved into an old room. The window of it was just opposite to a beautiful park. →The couple moved into an old room . 4．He thinks but doesn’t learn. He is in great danger. （用定语从句合并句子） →He is in great danger. 5．I believe nothing in the world is difficult for a person. He sets his mind to it. （用定语从句合并句子） →I believe nothing in the world is difficult for a person . 6．He makes himself a sheep. He shall be eaten by the wolf. （用定语从句合并句子） →He shall be eaten by the wolf. 7．Fortunately, my neighbor helped me out. His teacher was a doctor. （用定语从句合并句子） →Fortunately, my neighbor, , helped me out. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 8．A real friend is one who will stand by you .(同甘共苦，不顾艰难险阻). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 9．However, the modern tools keeping us connected are (侵蚀) the meaning of friendship now. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 10．Mike is not the person you can when in need. (指望) （根据汉语提示完成句子） 11．The (最精彩的部分) of the performance was a short play performed by the Drama Club. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 12．Yesterday I lost the book (我的英语老师送给我的) as a birthday gift. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 五、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mike 1 studied at our school from 2001 to 2003 is British. Mike was one of the most helpful students 2 I’d ever seen. In 2004, he went to a university 3 was famous in the country and he became interested in Chinese culture 4 influenced him greatly. After graduation from university, he studied at Beijing Language and Culture University 5 is an international university in China and 6 main task is to teach students Chinese and Chinese culture. At the beginning, he was not good at speaking Chinese. Two years later, however, he was able 7 (speak) fluent Chinese. Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China. Some of the cities in China 8 he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. In China he developed an interest 9 teaching English to Chinese students. Most of the students 10 he taught have become his friends. 六、完形填空 I work as a 11 at a restaurant. Last night I saw a moving scene—an old white wealthy couple came in and my co-worker 12 them. We usually do our own tables, but because we were so 13 last night we helped each other out. At one point the couple signaled to me that they were ready to order. I usually find it rude when people go out of their 14 to make their order, but once I took their order I understood why. The husband began ordering and started stuttering(结巴). It was very clear that he had a 15 difficulty. I could 16 the wife had told her husband what she wanted as a way for him to 17 ordering. It took quite some time for him to order, and at the same time she was 18 there, looking so proud and satisfied, 19 her husband’s stuttering. Honestly the incident later made me realize that a huge part of 20 is acceptance and support. She could have made the order and made 21 much easier for her husband and 22 the look from other tables, but she didn’t. 23 , she supported him and was proud to see him complete the order. It also made me understand that 24 is difficult for all of us, we all have our own 25 . 11．A．manager B．waiter C．journalist D．judge 12．A．thanked B．calmed C．seated D．commanded 13．A．excited B．powerful C．sensitive D．busy 14．A．way B．mind C．doubt D．mercy 15．A．attention B．opinion C．hearing D．speech 16．A．judge B．tell C．think D．forecast 17．A．practice B．begin C．enjoy D．suffer 18．A．standing B．settling C．sitting D．laughing 19．A．recognizing B．ignoring C．inspecting D．escaping 20．A．love B．suffering C．responsibility D．happiness 21．A．performances B．things C．usages D．designs 22．A．fancied B．enjoyed C．appreciated D．avoided 23．A．However B．Besides C．Instead D．So 24．A．life B．study C．ordering D．expression 25．A．terrors B．joys C．questions D．problems 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$