专题10 Unit 5 Play by the rules？（Developing ideas）【七升八】2025年新八年级英语暑期衔接讲义（外研版2024）

专题10 Unit 5 Play by the rules？ （Developing ideas） ( 单词学习 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.society /səˈsaɪəti/ n. 社会 2.clear /klɪə/ adj. 明确的 3.flag /flæɡ/ n. 旗帜 4.slide /slaɪd/ v. 滑动 5.case /keɪs/ n. 事例 6.urgent /ˈɜːdʒənt/ adj. 紧急的 7.guest /ɡest/ n. 宾客 8.experienced /ɪkˈspɪərɪənst/ adj. 有经验的 9.lawyer /ˈlɔːjə/ n. 律师 10.whether /ˈweðə/ prep. 是否 11.argument /ˈɑːɡjumənt/ n. 论点 12.netizen /ˈnetɪzən/ n. 网民 13.citizen /ˈsɪtɪzən/ n. 公民 14.click /klɪk/ n. 点击 15.private /ˈpraɪvət/ adj. 私人的 16.password /ˈpɑːswəːd/ n. 密码 17.careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 粗心的 18.aware /əˈweə/ adj. 意识到的 19.stranger /ˈstreɪndʒə/ n. 陌生人 20.cheat /tʃiːt/ v. 欺骗 21.enemy /ˈenəmi/ n. 敌人 22.cyberbullying /ˈsaɪbəˌbʊliɪŋ/ adj. 网络欺凌 ( 课文解析 ) 你上网安全吗？ 回想20年前，与远方的亲人面对面聊天还是一个梦想。那是一场梦。如今，互联网已经让它变得轻而易举！互联网上有这么多网民，也就是公民！ 只需点击一下，我们就可以与任何人联系。但互联网也带来了新的风险。以下是您需要知道的保持在线安全的基本规则。 1保护个人信息隐私。 避免在网上发布个人信息。这包括你的全名、地址、电话号码和学校。有时你可能需要发布这些信息。但是，限制谁看到它。只有你认识的人才能看到你的信息。 2密码要聪明！ 为了保护你的在线帐户，使用“强而长”的密码很重要。不要使用容易猜到的单词，比如你的生日。经常更改密码，不要粗心大意。 3注意陌生人。 在现实生活中永远不要遇到网上的陌生人。他们可能会欺骗你。只花时间和值得信赖的朋友在网上。 4小心你的帖子。 谁会阅读我们的社交媒体帖子？我们永远不知道。在网上发布内容之前，请仔细考虑。言语有时会伤害别人，你也会树敌。记住，在网上表现不佳是有代价的。 5寻求帮助。 人们有时会在网上对别人说坏话。这是网络欺凌。如果你发现自己陷入困境，不要回复任何不好的信息。相反，向你的父母、老师或其他值得信赖的成年人寻求帮助。你不必独自面对你的问题！ ( 知识解析1 ) 1 Does society need more rules?社会需要更多的规则吗？（教材P73） society /səˈsaɪəti/ n.社会 Museums play a big role in our society.博物馆在我们的社会中发挥着重要的作用。 There are millions of teenagers using social media every day. 每天有数百万青少年使用社交媒体。 拓展 ［名词］社团，协会 She joined the university art society. 她加入了大学艺术协会。 2 clear（教材P73）） clear /klɪə/ adj.清楚的，明确的 Are these instructions clear enough?这些说明够清楚吗？ You can use your hands to make your points clearer in your speech.在演讲中，你可以利用手势使你的观点更加清楚易懂。 拓展 clear作形容词时的其他常见含义： 3 an experienced lawyer资深律师（教材P74） experienced /ɪkˈspɪəriənst/ adj.经验丰富的，有经验的 在句中可作定语或表语。 be experienced in在……方面经验丰富 He is an experienced pilot.他是一个经验丰富的飞行员。 She’s very experienced in looking after animals.她在照顾动物方面很有经验。 拓展 4 A programme’s introduction helps people decide whether to listen or not.节目介绍能帮助人们决定是否要收听。（教材P74） —Most of us don’t know whether/if we will have a picnic this weekend.我们大多数人都不知道这个周末是否会去野餐。 —Our teachers haven’t decided whether to go or not.我们的老师还没有决定去还是不去。 5 Xinyan’s argument 新燕的论点（教材P75） argument /ˈɑ:gjəmənt/ n.论点，论据 ［可数名词］ argument for/against 赞成/反对……的论据 Do you have any evidence to support your argument?你有证据支持你的论点吗？ There are strong arguments against smoking. 反对吸烟的理由非常充分。 拓展 ［名词］争论，争吵 have an argument（with sb.）（与某人）争论 I had a big argument with my friend this morning.今天早上我和朋友大吵了一架。 6 Think 20 years back when chatting face to face with loved ones far away was a dream.想想20年前，与遥远的亲人面对面交谈还是一个梦想。（教材P76） face to face面对面地 副词性短语，通常在句中作状语。 They sat face to face.他们面对面坐着。 I want to explain things face to face. 我想当面解释。 拓展 与face to face结构类似的短语： heart to heart 坦率地 hand in hand 手拉手地 step by step 逐步地 one by one 逐一地 shoulder to shoulder/side by side 肩并肩地 7 We can get in touch with anyone with just one click.我们只要一点，就能与任何人取得联系。（教材P76） get in touch （with sb.）（与某人）取得联系 We will get in touch with you as soon as we know the results. 我们一得知结果就和你联系。 keep/stay in touch（with sb.（与某人）保持联系 lose touch （with sb.）（与某人）失去联系 Wherever you go, please keep/stay in touch with me. 无论你去哪里，请和我保持联系。 I lost touch with Julie after we moved. 我们搬家后，我就和朱莉失去了联系。 8 Keep personal information private. 保持个人信息的私密性。（教材P77） private /ˈpraɪvət/ adj.（感情、消息或意见）个人的，秘密的 同义词为personal。 Don’t let out your private information online. 不要在网络上泄露你的个人信息。（陕西中考） These are private letters. You can’t open them.这些是私人信件，你不能打开。 拓展 （1）［形容词］私立的 My aunt works in a private school. 我姑姑在一所私立学校上班。 （2）in private私下地；单独地 We can talk about this matter in private.我们可以私下谈论这件事。 9 Avoid posting personal information online. 避免在网上发布个人信息。（教材P77） avoid doing sth.避免做某事 We should avoid making a noise in the library.我们应该避免在图书馆内发出噪声。 10 Change it often and don’t be careless. 经常更改密码，不要粗心大意。（教材P77） careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 不小心的，粗心的，疏忽的 由“care（n.小心）+-less（形容词后缀）”构成，可作表语或定语。 It’s careless of him to leave the tap running. 他忘了关水龙头，真是太粗心了。 Mr. Liu is a careless person. He always forgets to turn off the lights. 刘先生是个粗心的人。他总是忘记关灯。 拓展 care的相关词： 【语境串记】 Tom is a careless boy, and he always does his homework very carelessly. He didn’t pass the exam because of his carelessness. The teacher told him that he must be careful when studying.汤姆是个粗心的男孩，他做作业总是很粗心。由于粗心,他没有通过考试。老师告诉他学习时一定要细心。 11 Be aware of strangers.注意陌生人。（教材P77） aware /əˈweə/ adj.意识到的，明白的，知道的 作形容词，常被副词well、fully等修饰。 （1）be aware of+名词/代词/宾语从句 He was well aware of the problem.他很清楚这个问题。 I really want more people to become truly aware of what is happening to our planet.我真希望有更多的人能真正意识到我们的星球正在发生什么。 （2）be aware+that从句 I was aware that she was trembling.我意识到她在发抖。 He was completely unaware of the whole affair. 他对整件事情一无所知。 He is trying to raise awareness about the disease.他正在努力提高人们对这种疾病的认识。 12 They may cheat you.他们可能会欺骗你。（教材P77） cheat /tʃi:t/ v.欺诈，欺骗 cheat sb.（out）of sth.骗取某物 The store cheats its customers through false advertising.该商店通过虚假广告欺骗顾客。 He cheated the elderly couple out of their property.他骗走了这对老夫妇的财产。 拓展 ［动词］（尤指在游戏、比赛、考试等中）作弊，舞弊 Don’t look at my cards — that’s cheating. 别看我的牌，那是作弊。 13 Words sometimes hurt people and you can make enemies.言语有时会伤人，也会树敌。（教材P77） enemy /ˈenəmi/ n.敌人 enemy的发音以元音音素开头, 其前有不定冠词修饰时, 要用an。 Actually, your biggest enemy is yourself. 实际上, 你最大的敌人就是你自己。 Birds are the natural enemies of many insect pests.鸟类是许多害虫的天敌。 14 Instead, turn to your parents, teachers or other trusted adults for help.相反，你应该向你的父母、老师或其他值得信赖的成年人寻求帮助。（教材P77） turn to求助于，求教于 后面可以接人或事物，且常与for连用。 She turned to a friend for support.她向一位朋友寻求支持。 拓展 （1）改用，开始使用 Many people here are turning to solar power.这里的很多人都开始使用太阳能了。 （2）翻到（书中的某页） Turn to page 65 for more information. 翻到第65页了解更多信息。 ( 随堂训练1 ) 一.从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 lawyer　guest　slide　case　urgent 1.—What's your uncle's job?—He is a _________. 2.You should call the police right now if you are in an ________ situation. 3.Let's stand up and greet the ________ from Australia. They are exchange students. 4.This is a bad ______ of dangerous driving. We can learn how to avoid it. 5.I'm ________ down the glass from a high place. 二.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 6.I can't see the words on the sign ________(clear). I think I need to get a pair of glasses. 7.We have some ___________(experience) teachers and they can help you with math and English. 8.Last night Mary had an _________(argue) with her elder brother. 9.The police play an important role in our ________(social). 三.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 10.学生可以参加不同的活动来学习新东西。 Students can ______ ______ ______ different activities to learn something new. 11.我不知道他是否会来参加我的聚会。 I don't know __________ he will come to my party _____ _____. 12.综上所述,散步是一种便宜、安全而又有乐趣的运动形式。 _____ __________, walking is a cheap, safe and enjoyable form of exercise. 四.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Some of their _________(enemy) came, and they had to fight against them. 2.To avoid ________(start) a fire, we must know common causes. 3.Within 3 months, he was poor again because of ________(care) spending. 4.Don't talk with _________(strange). They might be dangerous people. 5.How does the ___________(behave) of adults influence children's choices of food? 五.根据句意和首字母提示写出所缺的单词 6.—Please tell me your email a_______.—OK. I'll write it down. 7.Mike is an honest boy. We all t_____ him. 8.Please l_____ the children's screen time every day. I think one hour is enough. 9.You'd better set a p________ for your mobile phone so that others cannot use it without your permission. Don't use too easy numbers. 六.从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 click　cheat　netizen　instead 10.A lot of ________ watched his videos and became his fans. They loved the videos. 11.If you want to know more information, please _____ the but-ton(按钮) and visit our website. 12.David, if you _____ me, I will never believe you. 13.______ of using traditional combustion(燃烧) engines, air taxis use electric motors. 七.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 14.我们应该将我们的个人信息保密。 We should keep our ________ ___________ _______. 15.我们将面对面地和他们交谈。 We will talk with them ____ __ ____. 16.你通常怎样和你的朋友们取得联系? How do you usually ___ __ _____ ____ your friends? 17.另一方面,更多中国人意识到了环境问题。 On the other hand, more Chinese people are_____ __ the environmental problems. 18.你没有权利拿别人的生命去冒险。 You have no right to____ _____ with other people's lives. 19.老师制定规则以帮助学生学习并保持安全。 Teachers make rules to help students learn and ____ ____. ( 写作精讲 ) 如何写与规则相关的文章 本单元以“规则”为话题，主要围绕公共场合的规则以及规则的重要性来展开。与其相关的写作通常涉及以下几个方面： 1.讲述一个有关遵守规则的故事； 2.介绍家规/校规/班规等； 3.就规则发表评论或建议。 写作时，人称多用第一人称和第三人称，时态主要为一般现在时或一般过去时，介绍规则时注意情态动词can、have to和must的使用。 假如你是李华，本周英语校报的主题是“No rules, no order”，请根据以下提示，给校报写一篇短文投稿，讲述发生在你班同学王亮身上的一件事。 1.上周六王亮乘高铁去北京，看到有一名男子抢占别人的靠窗座位。 2.王亮上前劝说这位男子回到自己的座位，但遭到了拒绝。 3.王亮找到了乘务员说明情况。 4.乘务员对这名男子进行了警告，他最终回到了自己的位置。 5.你认为…… 参考词汇：高铁high-speed train 靠窗座位window seat 乘务员train attendant 要求： 1.词数100左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2.要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥； 3.文中不能出现真实姓名、校名和地名。 I’m writing to share a story about my classmate, Wang Liang. 审主题：规则 审体裁：记叙文 审人称：以第三人称为主 审时态：以一般过去时为主 审要点：时间、地点、人物、事件、评价 词汇 动作 notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人在做某事 talk to sb.和某人交谈 see sb. doing sth.看到某人在做某事 ask sb. to do sth.请求/要求某人做某事 refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 return to回到…… solve the problem解决问题 explain the situation解释情况 warn sb.警告某人 remind sb. about sth.提醒某人某事 评价 brave勇敢的 moved感动的 set a good example树立一个好榜样 without hesitation毫不犹豫地 learn from向……学习 句子 开头句 I’m writing to share a story about my classmate, Wang Liang.我写这篇文章是想和大家分享我的同学王亮的故事。 中间句 1.起因 Wang Liang noticed a man taking someone else’s window seat. 王亮注意到一名男子占了别人的靠窗座位。 A man was sitting in another passenger’s window seat. 一名男子坐在了别的乘客的靠窗座位上。 2.经过 Wang Liang went to talk to the man. 王亮上前与这名男子交谈。 Wang Liang politely asked him to return to his own seat. 王亮礼貌地请他回到自己的座位上。 Wang Liang reminded him about the rules. 王亮提醒他要遵守规则。 But the man refused and said he didn’t care about the rules.但那人拒绝了，还说他不在乎规则。 Wang Liang went to find a train attendant to solve the problem.王亮去找乘务员解决问题。 The attendant warned the man.乘务员警告了这名男子。 3.结果 Finally, the man went back to his own seat.最后，那人回到了自己的座位上。 结尾句 I think it’s very brave of Wang Liang to stand up to bad behaviour.我认为王亮非常勇敢，能够直面不良行为。 We should learn from him.我们应该向他学习。 If everyone could follow the rules in public places, the world will be better.如果每个人都能在公共场所遵守规则，世界将会更加美好。 Rules are there for us to follow!规则的存在是为了让我们去遵守！ I’m writing to share a story about my classmate, Wang Liang. Last Saturday, Wang Liang was taking the high-speed train to Beijing when he noticed a man taking someone else’s window seat. The man had a ticket for another seat but wouldn’t move. Wang Liang went to talk to the man and politely asked him to return to his own seat. But the man refused and said he didn’t care about the rules. Wang Liang didn’t give up. He went to find a train attendant to solve the problem. The attendant warned the man and finally, the man went back to his own seat. I think it’s very brave of Wang Liang to stand up to bad behaviour. If everyone could follow the rules in public places, the world will be better. 名师点评 本文根据事情发生的先后顺序，完整、连贯地叙述了事情的经过，条理清晰、行文流畅、句式丰富。 ①运用“主句（过去进行时）+when引导的时间状语从句”和notice sb. doing sth.说明了事件的起因。 ②运用talk to sb.和ask sb. to do sth.描述了王亮的动作。 ③运用动词不定式短语作目的状语说明了王亮找乘务员的目的。 ④运用it’s+adj.+of sb. to do sth.句式对王亮进行评价。 ⑤运用含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句表达自己对于规则的看法。 实战演练 为进一步增强中学生的安全意识,提高自我保护能力,你所在的学校开展了以“How to Keep Safe”为主题的英语演讲比赛活动。请你根据表中提供的信息,写一篇演讲稿。 在家 不玩火;出门之前一定要确保把煤气、灯都关掉 在学校 不在教室里互相追逐;运动时,注意保护自己 在路上 遵守交通规则,如骑车时不要听音乐 其他 …… 写作要求:1.必须包括表格中的所有信息,可适当发挥; 2.语句连贯,词数100左右。 ( 综合训练 ) 一．语法填空，阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the digital age, new rules 1 (emerge) to govern online behavior. For example, social media platforms require users 2 (protect) their privacy by avoiding 3 (post) personal details. However, 4 (many) argue that such rules are not strict enough, 5 cyberbullying and data leaks remain common. A recent case involved a teenager 6 (name) Li Hua, who shared her location online and 7 (subsequently) faced harassment. This incident shows 8 important it is to follow online safety rules. Experts suggest 9 (create) more robust guidelines, such as mandatory password updates and real-name authentication. 10 addition, schools are introducing courses to teach students 11 (wise) navigate the internet. As educator Dr. Wang puts it, "Rules 12 (be) not just restrictions but tools 13 (ensure) a safe digital environment." 14 (ultimate), the responsibility 15 (lie) with both individuals and institutions to enforce these rules. 二、阅读理解 A 篇 The question of whether rules should be absolute or flexible has sparked heated debate. On one hand, strict rules provide clear boundaries, ensuring safety and order. For instance, traffic laws preventing drunk driving save countless lives annually. Advocates like legal scholar Professor Chen argue, "Rules are the backbone of society; without them, chaos would prevail." On the other hand, flexibility is crucial in exceptional cases. Consider a doctor rushing a patient to the hospital who runs a red light to save time. While breaking the law, this action aligns with the higher principle of preserving life. Philosopher Dr. Zhang notes, "Ethical rules must sometimes yield to human compassion." This dilemma is further highlighted in online spaces. Social media platforms must balance free speech with rules against hate speech. A 2024 study found that 62% of users support temporary rule relaxations during crises, such as allowing urgent alerts during natural disasters. Ultimately, the best approach may be a hybrid model: core rules for safety, with clear procedures for exceptions. As society evolves, so must its rules, ensuring they remain both just and compassionate. 1.What is Professor Chen’s view on rules? A. They are unnecessary. B. They cause chaos. C. They are the backbone of society. D. They should be flexible. 2. Why did the doctor run the red light? A. To avoid traffic. B. To save a patient. C. To test the law. D. To catch a flight. 3. What does the 2024 study support? A. Strict rules at all times. B. Relaxing rules during crises. C. Banning free speech online. D. No exceptions for any rules. 4. What is a hybrid model of rules? A. All rules are flexible. B. No rules are flexible. C. Core rules with exceptions. D. Only temporary rules. 5. What’s the main purpose of the passage? A. To argue against rules. B. To promote absolute rules. C. To discuss rule flexibility. D. To ignore rule debates. B 篇 In 2150, society relies heavily on AI to enforce rules. Robotic monitors patrol public spaces, scanning for rule-breakers. For example, in schools, AI tutors instantly detect students talking during exams and issue warnings. While this ensures strict compliance, some worry about the loss of human judgment. Margie, a student in this era, describes her daily routine: "My AI tutor deducts points if I slouch or daydream. It’s efficient, but I miss the days when teachers understood human emotions." Her classmate Tommy agrees, "Once, I was punished for laughing during a video call, even though it was a moment of joy with my grandma." Critics argue that over-reliance on AI rules creates a rigid society. Professor Wu warns, "Machines can’t distinguish between harmless behavior and genuine misconduct." Meanwhile, advocates praise AI for eliminating bias: "AI applies rules equally to everyone," says tech expert Li Wei. As the debate continues, innovators are developing "emotion-aware" AI that learns to recognize context. For instance, a new system ignores minor rule-breaking during emergencies. This hybrid approach aims to preserve order while respecting human complexity. 1.What do robotic monitors do? A.Enforce rules. B. Teach classes. C. Provide emotional support. D. Break rules. 2. Why does Margie miss human teachers? A. AI tutors are too lenient. B. AI lacks human emotion. C. AI tutors are inefficient. D. Human teachers were stricter. 3. What did Tommy’s example show? A. AI rules are flexible. B. AI can misjudge harmless behavior. C. Laughter is banned online. D. AI tutors are perfect. 4. What is Professor Wu’s concern? A. AI is too slow. B. AI lacks bias. C. AI can’t distinguish context. D. AI is too expensive. 5. What’s the solution mentioned? A. Fully automated AI. B. Emotion-aware AI. C. No AI enforcement. D. Human-only monitoring. 三．书面表达 Should rules be strict or flexible? Write a debate argument. $$ 专题10 Unit 5 Play by the rules？ （Developing ideas） ( 单词学习 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.society /səˈsaɪəti/ n. 社会 2.clear /klɪə/ adj. 明确的 3.flag /flæɡ/ n. 旗帜 4.slide /slaɪd/ v. 滑动 5.case /keɪs/ n. 事例 6.urgent /ˈɜːdʒənt/ adj. 紧急的 7.guest /ɡest/ n. 宾客 8.experienced /ɪkˈspɪərɪənst/ adj. 有经验的 9.lawyer /ˈlɔːjə/ n. 律师 10.whether /ˈweðə/ prep. 是否 11.argument /ˈɑːɡjumənt/ n. 论点 12.netizen /ˈnetɪzən/ n. 网民 13.citizen /ˈsɪtɪzən/ n. 公民 14.click /klɪk/ n. 点击 15.private /ˈpraɪvət/ adj. 私人的 16.password /ˈpɑːswəːd/ n. 密码 17.careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 粗心的 18.aware /əˈweə/ adj. 意识到的 19.stranger /ˈstreɪndʒə/ n. 陌生人 20.cheat /tʃiːt/ v. 欺骗 21.enemy /ˈenəmi/ n. 敌人 22.cyberbullying /ˈsaɪbəˌbʊliɪŋ/ adj. 网络欺凌 ( 课文解析 ) 你上网安全吗？ 回想20年前，与远方的亲人面对面聊天还是一个梦想。那是一场梦。如今，互联网已经让它变得轻而易举！互联网上有这么多网民，也就是公民！ 只需点击一下，我们就可以与任何人联系。但互联网也带来了新的风险。以下是您需要知道的保持在线安全的基本规则。 1保护个人信息隐私。 避免在网上发布个人信息。这包括你的全名、地址、电话号码和学校。有时你可能需要发布这些信息。但是，限制谁看到它。只有你认识的人才能看到你的信息。 2密码要聪明！ 为了保护你的在线帐户，使用“强而长”的密码很重要。不要使用容易猜到的单词，比如你的生日。经常更改密码，不要粗心大意。 3注意陌生人。 在现实生活中永远不要遇到网上的陌生人。他们可能会欺骗你。只花时间和值得信赖的朋友在网上。 4小心你的帖子。 谁会阅读我们的社交媒体帖子？我们永远不知道。在网上发布内容之前，请仔细考虑。言语有时会伤害别人，你也会树敌。记住，在网上表现不佳是有代价的。 5寻求帮助。 人们有时会在网上对别人说坏话。这是网络欺凌。如果你发现自己陷入困境，不要回复任何不好的信息。相反，向你的父母、老师或其他值得信赖的成年人寻求帮助。你不必独自面对你的问题！ ( 知识解析1 ) 1 Does society need more rules?社会需要更多的规则吗？（教材P73） society /səˈsaɪəti/ n.社会 Museums play a big role in our society.博物馆在我们的社会中发挥着重要的作用。 There are millions of teenagers using social media every day. 每天有数百万青少年使用社交媒体。 拓展 ［名词］社团，协会 She joined the university art society. 她加入了大学艺术协会。 2 clear（教材P73）） clear /klɪə/ adj.清楚的，明确的 Are these instructions clear enough?这些说明够清楚吗？ You can use your hands to make your points clearer in your speech.在演讲中，你可以利用手势使你的观点更加清楚易懂。 拓展 clear作形容词时的其他常见含义： 3 an experienced lawyer资深律师（教材P74） experienced /ɪkˈspɪəriənst/ adj.经验丰富的，有经验的 在句中可作定语或表语。 be experienced in在……方面经验丰富 He is an experienced pilot.他是一个经验丰富的飞行员。 She’s very experienced in looking after animals.她在照顾动物方面很有经验。 拓展 4 A programme’s introduction helps people decide whether to listen or not.节目介绍能帮助人们决定是否要收听。（教材P74） —Most of us don’t know whether/if we will have a picnic this weekend.我们大多数人都不知道这个周末是否会去野餐。 —Our teachers haven’t decided whether to go or not.我们的老师还没有决定去还是不去。 5 Xinyan’s argument 新燕的论点（教材P75） argument /ˈɑ:gjəmənt/ n.论点，论据 ［可数名词］ argument for/against 赞成/反对……的论据 Do you have any evidence to support your argument?你有证据支持你的论点吗？ There are strong arguments against smoking. 反对吸烟的理由非常充分。 拓展 ［名词］争论，争吵 have an argument（with sb.）（与某人）争论 I had a big argument with my friend this morning.今天早上我和朋友大吵了一架。 6 Think 20 years back when chatting face to face with loved ones far away was a dream.想想20年前，与遥远的亲人面对面交谈还是一个梦想。（教材P76） face to face面对面地 副词性短语，通常在句中作状语。 They sat face to face.他们面对面坐着。 I want to explain things face to face. 我想当面解释。 拓展 与face to face结构类似的短语： heart to heart 坦率地 hand in hand 手拉手地 step by step 逐步地 one by one 逐一地 shoulder to shoulder/side by side 肩并肩地 7 We can get in touch with anyone with just one click.我们只要一点，就能与任何人取得联系。（教材P76） get in touch （with sb.）（与某人）取得联系 We will get in touch with you as soon as we know the results. 我们一得知结果就和你联系。 keep/stay in touch（with sb.（与某人）保持联系 lose touch （with sb.）（与某人）失去联系 Wherever you go, please keep/stay in touch with me. 无论你去哪里，请和我保持联系。 I lost touch with Julie after we moved. 我们搬家后，我就和朱莉失去了联系。 8 Keep personal information private. 保持个人信息的私密性。（教材P77） private /ˈpraɪvət/ adj.（感情、消息或意见）个人的，秘密的 同义词为personal。 Don’t let out your private information online. 不要在网络上泄露你的个人信息。（陕西中考） These are private letters. You can’t open them.这些是私人信件，你不能打开。 拓展 （1）［形容词］私立的 My aunt works in a private school. 我姑姑在一所私立学校上班。 （2）in private私下地；单独地 We can talk about this matter in private.我们可以私下谈论这件事。 9 Avoid posting personal information online. 避免在网上发布个人信息。（教材P77） avoid doing sth.避免做某事 We should avoid making a noise in the library.我们应该避免在图书馆内发出噪声。 10 Change it often and don’t be careless. 经常更改密码，不要粗心大意。（教材P77） careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 不小心的，粗心的，疏忽的 由“care（n.小心）+-less（形容词后缀）”构成，可作表语或定语。 It’s careless of him to leave the tap running. 他忘了关水龙头，真是太粗心了。 Mr. Liu is a careless person. He always forgets to turn off the lights. 刘先生是个粗心的人。他总是忘记关灯。 拓展 care的相关词： 【语境串记】 Tom is a careless boy, and he always does his homework very carelessly. He didn’t pass the exam because of his carelessness. The teacher told him that he must be careful when studying.汤姆是个粗心的男孩，他做作业总是很粗心。由于粗心,他没有通过考试。老师告诉他学习时一定要细心。 11 Be aware of strangers.注意陌生人。（教材P77） aware /əˈweə/ adj.意识到的，明白的，知道的 作形容词，常被副词well、fully等修饰。 （1）be aware of+名词/代词/宾语从句 He was well aware of the problem.他很清楚这个问题。 I really want more people to become truly aware of what is happening to our planet.我真希望有更多的人能真正意识到我们的星球正在发生什么。 （2）be aware+that从句 I was aware that she was trembling.我意识到她在发抖。 He was completely unaware of the whole affair. 他对整件事情一无所知。 He is trying to raise awareness about the disease.他正在努力提高人们对这种疾病的认识。 12 They may cheat you.他们可能会欺骗你。（教材P77） cheat /tʃi:t/ v.欺诈，欺骗 cheat sb.（out）of sth.骗取某物 The store cheats its customers through false advertising.该商店通过虚假广告欺骗顾客。 He cheated the elderly couple out of their property.他骗走了这对老夫妇的财产。 拓展 ［动词］（尤指在游戏、比赛、考试等中）作弊，舞弊 Don’t look at my cards — that’s cheating. 别看我的牌，那是作弊。 13 Words sometimes hurt people and you can make enemies.言语有时会伤人，也会树敌。（教材P77） enemy /ˈenəmi/ n.敌人 enemy的发音以元音音素开头, 其前有不定冠词修饰时, 要用an。 Actually, your biggest enemy is yourself. 实际上, 你最大的敌人就是你自己。 Birds are the natural enemies of many insect pests.鸟类是许多害虫的天敌。 14 Instead, turn to your parents, teachers or other trusted adults for help.相反，你应该向你的父母、老师或其他值得信赖的成年人寻求帮助。（教材P77） turn to求助于，求教于 后面可以接人或事物，且常与for连用。 She turned to a friend for support.她向一位朋友寻求支持。 拓展 （1）改用，开始使用 Many people here are turning to solar power.这里的很多人都开始使用太阳能了。 （2）翻到（书中的某页） Turn to page 65 for more information. 翻到第65页了解更多信息。 ( 随堂训练1 ) 一.从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 lawyer　guest　slide　case　urgent 1.—What's your uncle's job?—He is a _________. 2.You should call the police right now if you are in an ________ situation. 3.Let's stand up and greet the ________ from Australia. They are exchange students. 4.This is a bad ______ of dangerous driving. We can learn how to avoid it. 5.I'm ________ down the glass from a high place. 1.lawyer 2.urgent 3.guests 4.case 5.sliding 二.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 6.I can't see the words on the sign ________(clear). I think I need to get a pair of glasses. 7.We have some ___________(experience) teachers and they can help you with math and English. 8.Last night Mary had an _________(argue) with her elder brother. 9.The police play an important role in our ________(social). 6.clearly 7.experienced 8.argument 9.society 三.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 10.学生可以参加不同的活动来学习新东西。 Students can ______ ______ ______ different activities to learn something new. 11.我不知道他是否会来参加我的聚会。 I don't know __________ he will come to my party _____ _____. 12.综上所述,散步是一种便宜、安全而又有乐趣的运动形式。 _____ __________, walking is a cheap, safe and enjoyable form of exercise. 10.take part in 11.whether/if or not 12.In conclusion 四.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Some of their _________(enemy) came, and they had to fight against them. 2.To avoid ________(start) a fire, we must know common causes. 3.Within 3 months, he was poor again because of ________(care) spending. 4.Don't talk with _________(strange). They might be dangerous people. 5.How does the ___________(behave) of adults influence children's choices of food? 1.enemies 2.starting 3.careless 4.strangers 5.behavio(u)r 五.根据句意和首字母提示写出所缺的单词 6.—Please tell me your email a_______.—OK. I'll write it down. 7.Mike is an honest boy. We all t_____ him. 8.Please l_____ the children's screen time every day. I think one hour is enough. 9.You'd better set a p________ for your mobile phone so that others cannot use it without your permission. Don't use too easy numbers. 6.address 7.trust 8.limit 9.password 六.从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 click　cheat　netizen　instead 10.A lot of ________ watched his videos and became his fans. They loved the videos. 11.If you want to know more information, please _____ the but-ton(按钮) and visit our website. 12.David, if you _____ me, I will never believe you. 13.(2024四川巴中中考改编)_______ of using traditional combustion(燃烧) engines, air taxis use electric motors. 10.netizens 11.click 12.cheat 13.Instead 七.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 14.我们应该将我们的个人信息保密。 We should keep our ________ ___________ _______. 15.我们将面对面地和他们交谈。 We will talk with them ____ __ ____. 16.你通常怎样和你的朋友们取得联系? How do you usually ___ __ _____ ____ your friends? 17.另一方面,更多中国人意识到了环境问题。 On the other hand, more Chinese people are_____ __ the environmental problems. 18.你没有权利拿别人的生命去冒险。 You have no right to____ _____ with other people's lives. 19.老师制定规则以帮助学生学习并保持安全。 Teachers make rules to help students learn and ____ ____. 14.personal information private 15.face to face 16.get in touch with 17.aware of 18.take risks 19.stay safe ( 写作精讲 ) 如何写与规则相关的文章 本单元以“规则”为话题，主要围绕公共场合的规则以及规则的重要性来展开。与其相关的写作通常涉及以下几个方面： 1.讲述一个有关遵守规则的故事； 2.介绍家规/校规/班规等； 3.就规则发表评论或建议。 写作时，人称多用第一人称和第三人称，时态主要为一般现在时或一般过去时，介绍规则时注意情态动词can、have to和must的使用。 假如你是李华，本周英语校报的主题是“No rules, no order”，请根据以下提示，给校报写一篇短文投稿，讲述发生在你班同学王亮身上的一件事。 1.上周六王亮乘高铁去北京，看到有一名男子抢占别人的靠窗座位。 2.王亮上前劝说这位男子回到自己的座位，但遭到了拒绝。 3.王亮找到了乘务员说明情况。 4.乘务员对这名男子进行了警告，他最终回到了自己的位置。 5.你认为…… 参考词汇：高铁high-speed train 靠窗座位window seat 乘务员train attendant 要求： 1.词数100左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2.要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥； 3.文中不能出现真实姓名、校名和地名。 I’m writing to share a story about my classmate, Wang Liang. 审主题：规则 审体裁：记叙文 审人称：以第三人称为主 审时态：以一般过去时为主 审要点：时间、地点、人物、事件、评价 词汇 动作 notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人在做某事 talk to sb.和某人交谈 see sb. doing sth.看到某人在做某事 ask sb. to do sth.请求/要求某人做某事 refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 return to回到…… solve the problem解决问题 explain the situation解释情况 warn sb.警告某人 remind sb. about sth.提醒某人某事 评价 brave勇敢的 moved感动的 set a good example树立一个好榜样 without hesitation毫不犹豫地 learn from向……学习 句子 开头句 I’m writing to share a story about my classmate, Wang Liang.我写这篇文章是想和大家分享我的同学王亮的故事。 中间句 1.起因 Wang Liang noticed a man taking someone else’s window seat. 王亮注意到一名男子占了别人的靠窗座位。 A man was sitting in another passenger’s window seat. 一名男子坐在了别的乘客的靠窗座位上。 2.经过 Wang Liang went to talk to the man. 王亮上前与这名男子交谈。 Wang Liang politely asked him to return to his own seat. 王亮礼貌地请他回到自己的座位上。 Wang Liang reminded him about the rules. 王亮提醒他要遵守规则。 But the man refused and said he didn’t care about the rules.但那人拒绝了，还说他不在乎规则。 Wang Liang went to find a train attendant to solve the problem.王亮去找乘务员解决问题。 The attendant warned the man.乘务员警告了这名男子。 3.结果 Finally, the man went back to his own seat.最后，那人回到了自己的座位上。 结尾句 I think it’s very brave of Wang Liang to stand up to bad behaviour.我认为王亮非常勇敢，能够直面不良行为。 We should learn from him.我们应该向他学习。 If everyone could follow the rules in public places, the world will be better.如果每个人都能在公共场所遵守规则，世界将会更加美好。 Rules are there for us to follow!规则的存在是为了让我们去遵守！ I’m writing to share a story about my classmate, Wang Liang. Last Saturday, Wang Liang was taking the high-speed train to Beijing when he noticed a man taking someone else’s window seat. The man had a ticket for another seat but wouldn’t move. Wang Liang went to talk to the man and politely asked him to return to his own seat. But the man refused and said he didn’t care about the rules. Wang Liang didn’t give up. He went to find a train attendant to solve the problem. The attendant warned the man and finally, the man went back to his own seat. I think it’s very brave of Wang Liang to stand up to bad behaviour. If everyone could follow the rules in public places, the world will be better. 名师点评 本文根据事情发生的先后顺序，完整、连贯地叙述了事情的经过，条理清晰、行文流畅、句式丰富。 ①运用“主句（过去进行时）+when引导的时间状语从句”和notice sb. doing sth.说明了事件的起因。 ②运用talk to sb.和ask sb. to do sth.描述了王亮的动作。 ③运用动词不定式短语作目的状语说明了王亮找乘务员的目的。 ④运用it’s+adj.+of sb. to do sth.句式对王亮进行评价。 ⑤运用含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句表达自己对于规则的看法。 实战演练 为进一步增强中学生的安全意识,提高自我保护能力,你所在的学校开展了以“How to Keep Safe”为主题的英语演讲比赛活动。请你根据表中提供的信息,写一篇演讲稿。 在家 不玩火;出门之前一定要确保把煤气、灯都关掉 在学校 不在教室里互相追逐;运动时,注意保护自己 在路上 遵守交通规则,如骑车时不要听音乐 其他 …… 写作要求:1.必须包括表格中的所有信息,可适当发挥; 2.语句连贯,词数100左右。 基础版范文 How to Keep Safe Hello, everyone! I'm glad to share my ideas on how to keep safe here. 　　First, don't play with fire at home and remember to turn off the gas and all the lights before going out. Second, don't run after each other in the classroom at school. You should also know how to protect yourself while doing sport. Third, when you are on the street, you should follow traffic rules. For example, don't listen to music while riding a bike. Besides, you mustn't go swimming alone. These ideas can help you stay safe. Please keep them in your mind. 　　That's all for my speech! Thanks for listening! ( 综合训练 ) 一．语法填空，阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the digital age, new rules 1 (emerge) to govern online behavior. For example, social media platforms require users 2 (protect) their privacy by avoiding 3 (post) personal details. However, 4 (many) argue that such rules are not strict enough, 5 cyberbullying and data leaks remain common. A recent case involved a teenager 6 (name) Li Hua, who shared her location online and 7 (subsequently) faced harassment. This incident shows 8 important it is to follow online safety rules. Experts suggest 9 (create) more robust guidelines, such as mandatory password updates and real-name authentication. 10 addition, schools are introducing courses to teach students 11 (wise) navigate the internet. As educator Dr. Wang puts it, "Rules 12 (be) not just restrictions but tools 13 (ensure) a safe digital environment." 14 (ultimate), the responsibility 15 (lie) with both individuals and institutions to enforce these rules. 1. have emerged解析：“数字时代新规则已出现”，强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时 have emerged。 2.to protect解析：require sb. to do sth. 结构，意为 “要求用户保护隐私”。 3.posting解析：avoid doing sth. 固定用法，意为 “避免发布个人信息”。 4.many解析：many 指代 “许多人”，作主语，后接动词原形 argue。 5.as解析：as 引导原因状语从句，解释 “规则不够严格” 的原因是欺凌和数据泄露常见。 6.named解析：named Li Hua 为过去分词短语作定语，修饰 teenager，意为 “名叫李华的”。 7.subsequently解析：副词 subsequently（随后）修饰动词 faced，说明时间顺序。 8.how解析：how 引导感叹句，修饰形容词 important，结构为 “how + adj. + 主语 + 谓语”。 9.creating解析：suggest doing sth. 固定用法，意为 “建议创建更严格的准则”。 10.In解析：in addition 意为 “此外”，连接上下文补充信息。 11.to wisely解析：wisely 修饰动词 navigate，不定式结构为 teach sb. to do sth.。 12.are解析：主语 rules 为复数，一般现在时用 are。 13.to ensure解析：不定式 to ensure 表示 “工具的目的是确保安全环境”。 14.Ultimately解析：句首副词 ultimately（最终）总结全文，强调责任归属。 15. lies解析：responsibility 为单数，一般现在时用 lies，lie with 意为 “在于”。 二、阅读理解 A 篇 The question of whether rules should be absolute or flexible has sparked heated debate. On one hand, strict rules provide clear boundaries, ensuring safety and order. For instance, traffic laws preventing drunk driving save countless lives annually. Advocates like legal scholar Professor Chen argue, "Rules are the backbone of society; without them, chaos would prevail." On the other hand, flexibility is crucial in exceptional cases. Consider a doctor rushing a patient to the hospital who runs a red light to save time. While breaking the law, this action aligns with the higher principle of preserving life. Philosopher Dr. Zhang notes, "Ethical rules must sometimes yield to human compassion." This dilemma is further highlighted in online spaces. Social media platforms must balance free speech with rules against hate speech. A 2024 study found that 62% of users support temporary rule relaxations during crises, such as allowing urgent alerts during natural disasters. Ultimately, the best approach may be a hybrid model: core rules for safety, with clear procedures for exceptions. As society evolves, so must its rules, ensuring they remain both just and compassionate. 1.What is Professor Chen’s view on rules? A. They are unnecessary. B. They cause chaos. C. They are the backbone of society. D. They should be flexible. 2. Why did the doctor run the red light? A. To avoid traffic. B. To save a patient. C. To test the law. D. To catch a flight. 3. What does the 2024 study support? A. Strict rules at all times. B. Relaxing rules during crises. C. Banning free speech online. D. No exceptions for any rules. 4. What is a hybrid model of rules? A. All rules are flexible. B. No rules are flexible. C. Core rules with exceptions. D. Only temporary rules. 5. What’s the main purpose of the passage? A. To argue against rules. B. To promote absolute rules. C. To discuss rule flexibility. D. To ignore rule debates. 1.答案：C 解析：文中直接引用 “backbone of society”。 2.答案：B 解析：例子中 “save time” 对应 “save a patient”。 3.答案：B 解析：数据支持 “temporary rule relaxations during crises”。 4.答案：C 解析：文中定义 “core rules for safety, with clear procedures for exceptions”。 5. 答案：C 解析：全文围绕规则是否应灵活展开讨论。 B 篇 In 2150, society relies heavily on AI to enforce rules. Robotic monitors patrol public spaces, scanning for rule-breakers. For example, in schools, AI tutors instantly detect students talking during exams and issue warnings. While this ensures strict compliance, some worry about the loss of human judgment. Margie, a student in this era, describes her daily routine: "My AI tutor deducts points if I slouch or daydream. It’s efficient, but I miss the days when teachers understood human emotions." Her classmate Tommy agrees, "Once, I was punished for laughing during a video call, even though it was a moment of joy with my grandma." Critics argue that over-reliance on AI rules creates a rigid society. Professor Wu warns, "Machines can’t distinguish between harmless behavior and genuine misconduct." Meanwhile, advocates praise AI for eliminating bias: "AI applies rules equally to everyone," says tech expert Li Wei. As the debate continues, innovators are developing "emotion-aware" AI that learns to recognize context. For instance, a new system ignores minor rule-breaking during emergencies. This hybrid approach aims to preserve order while respecting human complexity. 1.What do robotic monitors do? A.Enforce rules. B. Teach classes. C. Provide emotional support. D. Break rules. 2. Why does Margie miss human teachers? A. AI tutors are too lenient. B. AI lacks human emotion. C. AI tutors are inefficient. D. Human teachers were stricter. 3. What did Tommy’s example show? A. AI rules are flexible. B. AI can misjudge harmless behavior. C. Laughter is banned online. D. AI tutors are perfect. 4. What is Professor Wu’s concern? A. AI is too slow. B. AI lacks bias. C. AI can’t distinguish context. D. AI is too expensive. 5. What’s the solution mentioned? A. Fully automated AI. B. Emotion-aware AI. C. No AI enforcement. D. Human-only monitoring. 1.答案：A 解析：文中 “scanning for rule-breakers” 表明执行规则。 2.答案：B 解析：她提到 “miss the days when teachers understood human emotions”。 3.答案：B 解析：因正常交流被惩罚，说明 AI 误判。 4.答案：C 解析：引语提到 “can’t distinguish between harmless behavior and genuine misconduct”。 5.答案：B 解析：开发 “emotion-aware AI” 平衡规则与人性。 三．书面表达 Should rules be strict or flexible? Write a debate argument. Rules should strike a balance between strictness and flexibility. Strict rules are essential for social order—traffic laws, for example, prevent chaos and save lives. However, rigid rules may fail in emergencies. A doctor breaking speed limits to reach a critical patient demonstrates that flexibility can be life-saving. Online, strict rules against cyberbullying protect users, but flexible guidelines allow free expression. As Edmund Burke noted, “Good order is the foundation,” but compassion must guide rule application. Ultimately, rules should evolve to serve human needs, ensuring fairness while embracing exceptional cases. This balance ensures both safety and humanity in society. $$