专题09 Unit 5 Play by the rules？（Understanding ideas）【七升八】2025年新八年级英语暑期衔接讲义（外研版2024）

专题09 Unit 5 Play by the rules？ （Understanding ideas） ( 单词学习 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/ prep. 在……对面 2.packet /ˈpæktɪ/ n. 小包装 3.picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ n. 野餐 4.smelly /ˈsmeli/ adj. 臭的 5.noise /nɔɪz/ n. 噪音 6.reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ v. 减少 7.seat /siːt/ n. 座位 8.passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə/ n. 乘客 9.fool /fuːl/ n. 傻子 10.sign /saɪn/ n. 标牌 11.responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 责任 12.belt /belt/ n. 皮带 13.seat belt n. 安全带 14.station /ˈsteɪʃən/ n. 车站 15.flowerpot /ˈflaʊəpɒt/ n. 花盆 16.honesty /ˈɒnəsti/ n. 诚实 17.respect /rɪˈspekt/ v. 尊重 18.spread /spred/ v. 传播 ( 课文解析 ) RULES 1After a busy day at work, I got on the train to go home. I went to a quiet area in order to read. I sat down and took out my book. 2 Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone. What a shock! I almost jumped up in surprise. 3 A minute later, the man next to me took out several packets of food. It was like he was on a picnic. People have to eat, of course. but the food was so smelly! It was like sitting next to a mountain of blue cheese. 4 I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl. I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr. Smelly Food. 5 Then a boy behind me started to kick my seat. My anger grew. My face turned as red as a tomato! I asked him to stop. However, his mother replied, “Come on, he's just a kid." 6 I turned around so as to see the other passengers' faces. They also seemed unhappy, but no one did anything. Will they think me a fool if I do something? I looked at the signs on the wall. They read “Please be quiet", “No smelly food" and “Please look after your children". Everyone knows the rules, I thought. They aren't just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts. And rules are there for us to follow! 7 Suddenly, I felt brave. I took a deep breath and stood up... 规则 1忙碌了一天后，我上了火车回家。我去了一个安静的地方看书。我坐下来，拿出我的书。2突然，我对面的一个女孩开始在手机上大声播放音乐。真是令人震惊！我差点跳了进去惊喜。 3一分钟后，我旁边的人拿出几包食物。他就像在野餐。人们要吃，当然，但食物太有味了！这就像坐在一堆蓝色奶酪旁边。 4 我捂住耳朵，挡住摇滚女孩的声音。我捂住鼻子以减少来自“难闻食物先生”的气味。 5然后，我身后的一个男孩开始踢我的座位。我的愤怒与日俱增。我的脸红得像番茄！我要求停止。然而，他的母亲回答说：“得了吧，他只是个孩子。” 6我转过身来，想看看其他乘客的脸。他们看起来很不高兴，但没有人做任何事情。如果我做某事，他们会认为我傻吗？我看了看墙上的标志。他们写到 “请安静”，“不要吃有味道的食物”和“请照顾好你的孩子”。我想，每个人都知道这些规则。它们不仅在墙上，而且在我们的脑海和心中。这些规则是我们要遵守的！ 7突然，我觉得自己很勇敢。我深吸一口气，站了起来…… ( 知识解析1 ) 1 After a busy day at work, I got on the train to go home. 在一天忙碌的工作后，我坐上了回家的火车。（教材P68） get on 上（车、飞机等） 多指登上公共汽车、火车、飞机等空间较大的交通工具。 She said goodbye to her mother and got on the plane.她向母亲告别，然后登上了飞机。 They got off the bus and walked away.他们从公共汽车上下来，然后走了。 拓展 get in和get out of 通常指上/下小型交通工具,比如汽车、出租车等。 Kate opened the door and got out of the taxi.凯特打开车门，然后从出租车上下来。 2 Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone.突然，我对面的一个女孩开始用手机大声播放音乐。（教材P68） opposite /ˈɒpəzət/ prep.在……的对面 相当于across from。 There is a bank opposite our school.我们学校对面有一家银行。 拓展 3 It was like he was on a picnic.他好像在野餐一样。（教材P69） picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ n.野餐 have a picnic 野餐 go for a picnic =go on a picnic 去野餐 Jane and I are going to have a picnic this Sunday.我和简打算这周日去野餐。 Would you like to go for a picnic with us?你想和我们一起去野餐吗？ 4 I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl.我捂住耳朵，以阻挡“摇滚女孩”发出的噪声。（教材P69） noise /nɔɪz/ n.噪声；嘈杂声 既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词。 形容词形式为noisy“吵闹的；嘈杂的”。 make（a）noise 制造噪声，发出声音 【语境串记】 It’s noisy outside. Let’s go out and see who is making such a noise. 外面很吵闹，我们出去看看是谁在制造这种噪声。 辨析 noise, sound与voice noise 多指不悦耳的吵闹声、嘈杂声，可与make连用 sound 泛指能听见的自然界的各种声音，不带有任何感情色彩 voice 多指人说话或唱歌的声音 【语境串记】 There was a loud noise outside the classroom. The physics teacher had to raise his voice,“Light travels much faster than sound.”教室外面一片嘈杂声，物理老师不得不提高嗓音说：“光的传播速度比声音快得多。” 5 I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food.我捂住鼻子，以减少来自“难闻食物先生”的气味。（教材P69） reduce /rɪˈdju:s/ v.缩小；减少；降低 reduce sth.减少某物 reduce...to...把……减少到…… reduce...by...把……减少了…… Smiling can reduce stress.微笑能减轻压力。 The skirt was reduced to $10 in the sale.在大减价期间，这条裙子减价到了10美元。 Actually, the writer says that self-driving cars can reduce accidents by 90 percent.实际上，作者说自动驾驶汽车可以减少90%的事故。 6 Then a boy behind me started to kick my seat.这时，我身后的一个男孩开始踢我的座位。（教材P69） seat /si:t/ n. 座，座位 常用短语有: take/have a seat坐下 take one's seat 就座 book a seat订座 Excuse me, could I take this seat？打扰了,我可以坐这个座位吗？ Dinner is ready. Please take your seats. 晚饭准备好了。请入座吧。 I want to book a seat next to the window.我想订一个靠窗的座位。 辨析seat与sit 词性 词义 seat 名词 座位 及物动词 （使）就座；可坐……人 sit 不及物动词 坐 【语境串记】 The hall of the restaurant seats 300 people. The waitress seated the guests at the table and they sat down in their seats.这家饭店的大厅能坐300人。女服务员安排客人们在桌旁就座，他们都坐在了座位上。 7 My face turned as red as a tomato!我的脸变得通红！（教材P69） as red as a tomato脸色通红，是一种比喻的修辞方式，常用来表达生气、害羞、尴尬等情绪。 Her face turned as red as a tomato after she slipped on the ice. 她在冰上滑倒后，脸变得通红。 拓展 英语中有很多约定俗成的修辞常用“as...as”结构来表达，有时也可省略第一个as，如： as white as snow 洁白如雪 as black as night漆黑如夜 as cold as ice 冷若冰霜 as quick as a flash 快如闪电 as hard as iron坚硬如铁 as busy as a bee非常忙碌 as gentle as a lamb温顺如羊 8 Come on, he’s just a kid.算了吧，他只是个孩子。（教材P69） come on 别逗了，得了吧，算了吧 一般用于口语中，用来表示责备或不耐烦。 Oh come on, you know that isn’t true!哦，得了吧，你知道那不是真的！ 拓展 come on还可表示催促、鼓励或命令等，意为“快点；加油；赶快”等。 Come on! We don’t have much time.快点！我们时间不多了。 Come on! You can catch up with him. 加油！你能赶上他的。 9 Please look after your children. 请照看好你的孩子。（教材P69） look after照顾，照料 同义短语为take care of。 好好照顾……look after...well=take good care of... Cooking classes can help students learn to look after themselves. 烹饪课可以帮助学生学会照顾自己。 Please look after yourself well.=Please take good care of yourself.请好好照顾你自己。 10 Standing up to bad behaviour对不文明行为说“不”（教材P70） stand up to抵抗；勇敢反对 It was brave of her to stand up to those bullies.她能站出来反抗那些霸凌者，真是太勇敢了。 拓展 stand up for支持；维护 You have to stand up for yourself.你必须为自己挺身而出。 11 I picked up the pieces/clean up the mess我捡起碎片/收拾了一下（教材P71） pick up捡起，拾起 为“动词+副词”型短语。 pick+名词+up=pick up+名词 pick+人称代词+up Cleaners pick up rubbish to keep our environment clean.清洁工捡拾垃圾以保持环境清洁。 There is a book on the ground. Please pick it up.地上有一本书,请把它捡起来吧。 拓展 pick up的其他常见义项： 接电话 I called you last night, but you didn’t pick up.我昨晚给你打电话了,但是你没接。 搭载；（开车）接人 Shall we go to the airport to pick up your sister？我们去机场接你妹妹好吗？ 收拾；整理 Will you pick up all your toys?把你的玩具都收起来好吗？ （偶然）得到,听 到,学会 Last week, I picked up a popular recipe to cook fish. 上周,我学了一个流行的烹饪鱼的 食谱。 12 His honesty made me respect him.他的诚实让我敬佩。（教材P71） honesty /ˈɒnəsti/ n.诚实，正直；坦诚 由“honest（adj.诚实的；坦诚的）+-y（名词后缀）”构成。 Honesty can lead me forward and make my future more colorful.诚实可以指引我前进，让我的未来更加多姿多彩。 拓展 respect /rɪˈspekt/ v.尊重 ［及物动词］后常接名词或代词作宾语。 respect sb. for（doing）sth.因（做）某事而尊敬某人 I respect their views, although I do not agree with them.虽然我不同意,但是我尊重他们的观点。 We respect him as a great leader.我们尊敬他是一位伟大的领袖。 I respect her for her honesty.我敬佩她的诚实。 拓展 ［不可数名词］尊敬 常与介词for连用。 show respect for...向……表示尊敬 Later she comes to understand their lifestyle and respect for nature.后来，她开始理解他们的生活方式和对大自然的尊重。 We teenagers should show respect for our elders.我们青少年应该尊敬长辈。 13 sharing my story/spread some happiness 分享我的故事/传播一些快乐（教材P71） spread /spred/ v.传播 其过去式和过去分词均为spread。 He is now spreading the knowledge of environmental protection.现在，他正在传播环保知识。 The news spread quickly.消息很快传开了。 拓展 ［名词］传播；扩散 We need to slow the spread of the virus.我们需要减缓这种病毒的传播。 ( 随堂训练1 ) 一.根据句意和首字母提示写出所缺的单词 1.So try your best to f_______ the rules and stick to them. 2.He said thanks to a few people in his speech, but he didn't m________ me. I felt very sad. 3.Mary is very tidy and all of her things are in good o_______. 4.—Maria, you have made such great progress in English. —Thanks, Ms. Chen. I can't make it w________ your help. 5.If you are lazy in spring, you will harvest(收获) n________ in autumn. 6.Last night at the restaurant we o________ a lot of food because we were so hungry. 1.follow 2.mention 3.order 4.without 5.nothing 6.ordered 二.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 7.你反对哪些规定? ______ ______ are you against? 8.——我觉得莉莉是班级里最聪明的女生。 ——我同意你的观点。 —I think Lily is the cleverest girl in the class. —I ______ ______ you. 9.首先,你需要保持冷静的头脑和开放的思想。 First, you ______ ______ keep a cool head and an open mind. 10.不是所有的事情都可以按旧的方式做。 Not everything ______ ______ ______ according to the old ways. 11.狗可以被训练得听从命令。 Dogs can be trained to ___________ ______. 7.What rules 8.agree with 9.need to 10.can be done 11.follow/obey，orders 三.根据句意和首字母提示写出所缺的单词 1.—Can I sit here? —I'm sorry you can't. This is Amy's ______. 2.The boy ________ the ball so hard that it dropped into the river. 3.Giving up smoking can ________ the risk of heart disease. 4.Many think SOS is short for “save our ship”, but it doesn't really stand for ________. 1.seat 2.kicked 3.reduce 4.anything 四.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 5.How ________(fool) you are! You always believe Ben. He always tells lies! 6.—Peter, the music sounds too _______(noise). Please turn it down. —Sorry, I'll do it at once. 7.This kind of fruit is too ________(smell). I can't stand it. Please take it away. 8.You can believe in me. I'm ready to take on this new ______________(responsible). 5.foolish 6.noisy 7.smelly 8.responsibility 五.从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 cause　passenger　sign　noise 9.Don't make so much _______ here. The baby is sleeping in the next room. 10.Don't smoke here, sir. Can't you see the _______ over there? It says “No Smoking”. 11.The driver told all the ___________ not to worry. 12.Drunk driving is one of the most common ________ of traffic accidents. 9.noise 10.sign 11.passengers 12.causes 六.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 13.超市的对面有一家银行。 _______ is a bank ________ the supermarket. 14.他惊讶地看着我。 He looked at me _______ ________. 15.如果你觉得紧张,你应该先深呼吸。 If you feel nervous, you should _____ _____ _____ ______ first. 16.为了占到好座位,我们早早地就到达了学校的礼堂。 We arrived at the school hall early ______ ______ _____/ ______ ______ _____ get good seats. 17.——我和简本周日打算去野餐。你想 和我们一起去吗? ——当然。到时候见。 —Jane and I are going to ______ ______ ______ this Sunday. Would you like to go with us? —Sure. See you then. 18.我正盼望着收到你的信。 I______ _______ _______ ______ hearing from you. 13.There opposite 14.in surprise 15.take a deep breath 16.so as to\in order to 17.have a picnic 18.am looking forward to ( 语法学习 ) 动词不定式作目的状语 1.动词不定式作目的状语，表示行为动作的目的。在作目的状语时，动词不定式一般放在句尾。但如果表示强调，也可位于句首，用逗号与后面的内容隔开。 Bob goes jogging every day to keep fit.为了保持健康，鲍勃每天都慢跑。 To get there on time, they started early.为了准时赶到那儿，他们很早就出发了。 典例 healthy, we students always do morning exercises every day at school. A. Keep B. To keep C. Keeping D. Keeps [解析] 句意：为了保持健康，我们学生每天都会在学校做早操。分析句子结构可知，学生们做早操的目的是保持健康，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。 2.为了使表达更加清楚或对目的加以强调，还可以用in order to do sth.或so as to do sth.作目的状语。需要注意的是，so as to引导的不定式短语不能位于句首。 In order to raise money and protect wild animals, I held a singing competition.为了筹款保护野生动物，我举办了一个歌唱比赛。 We went early so as to get good seats.为了占到好座位，我们早早就去了。 3.动词不定式作目的状语也可以和so that引导的目的状语从句进行转换。 I studied hard every day in order to（=so that I can）pass the exam. 我每天努力学习以便通过考试。 拓展 除了作目的状语之外，动词不定式还可以作原因状语和结果状语等。 She’s sad to hear the news. 听到这个消息，她很难过。（表示原因） She awoke to find herself in a hospital bed.她醒来发现自己在医院的病床上。（表示结果） ( 随堂训练2 ) Many of us have feelings of loneliness as we grow up. As a teenager, just 　1　 alone in the cafeteria can be unbearable, and girls even go to the restroom hand in hand. They fear 　2　 a “loner”. In these cases, we might use the word “loner” in a disapproving way. However, it can actually have a positive meaning as well.  It all depends on our attitudes towards being alone. If we see 　3　 alone as something negative, we will resist (抵制) it. But if we understand that it's an everyday part of life, we'll be able 　4　 it.  In some countries, more young people are choosing 　5　 loners. In South Korea, “honjok” has become a popular lifestyle. The term comes from “hon” (alone) and “jok” (tribe). These people eat alone, travel alone, and enjoy 　6　 alone.  “I hope it grows into a self-supporting culture of happiness,” said Jang Jae Young, a South Korean who runs a website about this solo lifestyle 　7　 honjok.me.  In Japan, people have developed a strong “loner culture” and even a “loner economy”. There are many solo karaoke bars and solo cafes. Even some restaurants are specially designed for solo diners. Clapboards (隔板) separate each seat. They fill out a form 　8　 an order, and then press a button to call the waiter. So they don't have to see the faces of other customers or waiters.  People are becoming more experienced in and comfortable about 　9　 solitude (独处). This doesn't mean we should totally shut ourselves from the outside world, of course. But it doesn't hurt 　10　 some “me time” once in a while.  1.A.eat　　　 B.to eat　　　 C.eating　　　 D.eaten 2.A.be called　　　 B.to be called C.be calling　　　 D.being called 3.A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.be　　　 D.being 4.A.hug　　　 B.to hug　　　 C.hugging　　　 D.hugged 5.A.to be　　　 B.be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 6.A.be　　　 B.to be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 7.A.call　　　 B.to call　　　 C.calling　　　 D.called 8.A.place　　　 B.to place　　　 C.placing　　　 D.placed 9.A.embrace　　　 B.to embrace　　　 C.embracing　　　 D.embraced 10.A.have　　　 B.to have　　　 C.having　　　 D.had 语篇解读　 文章介绍了独处正在成为一种流行的生活方式,而并非人们传统上认为的消极处事态度。 1.C　本题考查非谓语动词。在本句中,动名词短语充当句子的主语。故选C。 2.D　本题考查非谓语动词。fear doing sth.害怕做某事,且此处是“害怕被称作”,所以选D。 3.D　本题考查非谓语动词。用v.-ing形式作see的宾语,故选D。 4.B　本题考查非谓语动词。be able to do sth.能够做某事。故选B。 5.A　本题考查非谓语动词。choose to do sth.选择做某事。故选A。 6.C　本题考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事。故选C。 7.D　本题考查非谓语动词。过去分词短语作后置定语。故选D。 8.B　本题考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式表目的。故选B。 9.C　本题考查非谓语动词。embrace拥抱。空前的介词about后应用动名词形式。故选C。 10.B　本题考查非谓语动词。动词不定式短语to have some “me time” once in a while是本句真正的主语,it在本句中充当形式主语。故选B。 ( 综合训练 ) 一．单项选择 1. The ______ of breaking rules online include privacy risks and cyberbullying. A. advantages B. disadvantages C. conveniences D. chances 2. In urgent cases, sometimes we need to ______ rules to save lives. A. follow B. break C. make D. ignore 3. The debate topic is ______ rules should be flexible in special situations. A. whether B. that C. what D. which 4. ______ to the rule, we should wear seat belts in cars. A. According B. Instead C. Except D. Because 5. The lawyer argued that rules must ______ both safety and freedom. A. balance B. destroy C. ignore D. increase 6. Online safety rules ______ us from posting personal information. A. protect B. cheat C. harm D. trouble 7. The ______ of digital natives is growing up with technology. A. generation B. attitude C. device D. era 8. She ______ the rule by posting her address online, risking her safety. A. followed B. obeyed C. broke D. respected 9. ______ speaking, rules are necessary for social order. A. Generally B. Suddenly C. Luckily D. Sadly 10. The ______ of the story is to show the importance of following rules. A. problem B. message C. accident D. noise 1. B 解析：网络违规的 “缺点”，选 disadvantages。 2. B 解析：紧急情况需 “打破” 规则，选 break。 3. A 解析：whether 引导表语从句，“是否” 应灵活。 4. A 解析：according to 根据，固定搭配 “根据规则”。 5. A 解析：“平衡” 安全与自由，选 balance。 6. A 解析：protect sb from 保护某人免受，固定结构。 7. A 解析：“一代” 数字原住民，选 generation。 8. C 解析：“打破” 规则，用 broke。 9. A 解析：generally speaking 一般来说，固定短语。 10. B 解析：故事的 “主题”，选 message。 二、词汇填空，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. The ______ (important) of rules is shown in public order. 2. We should behave ______ (wise) online to avoid risks. 3. His ______ (careless) led to breaking the rule. 4. The ______ (argue) about rules lasted for hours. 5. She ______ (realize) the mistake and apologized. 6. ______ (follow) rules online is a must for netizens. 7. The ______ (design) of new rules needs public discussion. 8. We must ______ (protect) our privacy according to online rules. 9. The ______ (passenger) safety depends on following traffic rules. 10. He ______ (spread) the message of rule-following last week. 1. importance 解析：名词 “重要性” 作主语。 2. wisely 解析：副词修饰动词 behave，“明智地表现”。 3. carelessness 解析：名词 “粗心” 作主语，与 led to 搭配。 4. argument 解析：名词 “辩论” 作主语，与 lasted 对应。 5. realized 解析：过去式，与 apologized 并列。 6. Following 解析：动名词作主语，“遵守规则”。 7. design 解析：名词 “设计” 作主语，与 need 搭配。 8. protect 解析：情态动词后接原形，“保护隐私”。 9. passengers’ 解析：复数所有格，“乘客的安全”。 10. spread 解析：过去式，spread 原形与过去式同形，“传播信息”。 三、完型填空,从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。（共 10 分） In a small town, the digital divide was obvious. Elderly residents struggled 1 modern rules of online payment. During a visit, I saw an old man 2 to pay with cash, but the shop only accepted QR codes. He looked 3 and helpless. I 4 to help him, showing him 5 to use the app step by step. 6 he succeeded and thanked me warmly. This experience made me realize that rules should be 7 , not just for the young. Technology 8 include everyone, 9 age or background. We need to 10 new rules that bridge the gap and ensure no one is left behind. 1. A. with B. at C. for D. in 2. A. try B. trying C. to try D. tried 3. A. confident B. excited C. confused D. proud 4. A. refused B. ignored C. offered D. forgot 5. A. what B. how C. why D. where 6. A. Unluckily B. Suddenly C. Finally D. Sadly 7. A. strict B. flexible C. new D. old 8. A. should B. mustn’t C. need D. can’t 9. A. regardless of B. because of C. instead of D. according to 10. A. break B. make C. follow D. ignore 1. A 解析：struggle with 在某方面困难，固定搭配。 2. B 解析：see sb doing sth 看见某人正在尝试，用 trying。 3. C 解析：因不熟悉移动支付而 “困惑”，选 confused。 4. C 解析：“主动提供” 帮助，用 offered to help。 5. B 解析：“如何” 使用应用，用 how to。 6. C 解析：“最终” 成功，用 Finally。 7. B 解析：规则应 “灵活” 适应不同人群，选 flexible。 8. A 解析：技术 “应该” 包容所有人，选 should。 9. A 解析：“不论” 年龄，用 regardless of。 10. B 解析：“制定” 新规则，用 make。 $$ 专题09 Unit 5 Play by the rules？ （Understanding ideas） ( 单词学习 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/ prep. 在……对面 2.packet /ˈpæktɪ/ n. 小包装 3.picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ n. 野餐 4.smelly /ˈsmeli/ adj. 臭的 5.noise /nɔɪz/ n. 噪音 6.reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ v. 减少 7.seat /siːt/ n. 座位 8.passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə/ n. 乘客 9.fool /fuːl/ n. 傻子 10.sign /saɪn/ n. 标牌 11.responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 责任 12.belt /belt/ n. 皮带 13.seat belt n. 安全带 14.station /ˈsteɪʃən/ n. 车站 15.flowerpot /ˈflaʊəpɒt/ n. 花盆 16.honesty /ˈɒnəsti/ n. 诚实 17.respect /rɪˈspekt/ v. 尊重 18.spread /spred/ v. 传播 ( 课文解析 ) RULES 1After a busy day at work, I got on the train to go home. I went to a quiet area in order to read. I sat down and took out my book. 2 Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone. What a shock! I almost jumped up in surprise. 3 A minute later, the man next to me took out several packets of food. It was like he was on a picnic. People have to eat, of course. but the food was so smelly! It was like sitting next to a mountain of blue cheese. 4 I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl. I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr. Smelly Food. 5 Then a boy behind me started to kick my seat. My anger grew. My face turned as red as a tomato! I asked him to stop. However, his mother replied, “Come on, he's just a kid." 6 I turned around so as to see the other passengers' faces. They also seemed unhappy, but no one did anything. Will they think me a fool if I do something? I looked at the signs on the wall. They read “Please be quiet", “No smelly food" and “Please look after your children". Everyone knows the rules, I thought. They aren't just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts. And rules are there for us to follow! 7 Suddenly, I felt brave. I took a deep breath and stood up... 规则 1忙碌了一天后，我上了火车回家。我去了一个安静的地方看书。我坐下来，拿出我的书。2突然，我对面的一个女孩开始在手机上大声播放音乐。真是令人震惊！我差点跳了进去惊喜。 3一分钟后，我旁边的人拿出几包食物。他就像在野餐。人们要吃，当然，但食物太有味了！这就像坐在一堆蓝色奶酪旁边。 4 我捂住耳朵，挡住摇滚女孩的声音。我捂住鼻子以减少来自“难闻食物先生”的气味。 5然后，我身后的一个男孩开始踢我的座位。我的愤怒与日俱增。我的脸红得像番茄！我要求停止。然而，他的母亲回答说：“得了吧，他只是个孩子。” 6我转过身来，想看看其他乘客的脸。他们看起来很不高兴，但没有人做任何事情。如果我做某事，他们会认为我傻吗？我看了看墙上的标志。他们写到 “请安静”，“不要吃有味道的食物”和“请照顾好你的孩子”。我想，每个人都知道这些规则。它们不仅在墙上，而且在我们的脑海和心中。这些规则是我们要遵守的！ 7突然，我觉得自己很勇敢。我深吸一口气，站了起来…… ( 知识解析1 ) 1 After a busy day at work, I got on the train to go home. 在一天忙碌的工作后，我坐上了回家的火车。（教材P68） get on 上（车、飞机等） 多指登上公共汽车、火车、飞机等空间较大的交通工具。 She said goodbye to her mother and got on the plane.她向母亲告别，然后登上了飞机。 They got off the bus and walked away.他们从公共汽车上下来，然后走了。 拓展 get in和get out of 通常指上/下小型交通工具,比如汽车、出租车等。 Kate opened the door and got out of the taxi.凯特打开车门，然后从出租车上下来。 2 Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone.突然，我对面的一个女孩开始用手机大声播放音乐。（教材P68） opposite /ˈɒpəzət/ prep.在……的对面 相当于across from。 There is a bank opposite our school.我们学校对面有一家银行。 拓展 3 It was like he was on a picnic.他好像在野餐一样。（教材P69） picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ n.野餐 have a picnic 野餐 go for a picnic =go on a picnic 去野餐 Jane and I are going to have a picnic this Sunday.我和简打算这周日去野餐。 Would you like to go for a picnic with us?你想和我们一起去野餐吗？ 4 I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl.我捂住耳朵，以阻挡“摇滚女孩”发出的噪声。（教材P69） noise /nɔɪz/ n.噪声；嘈杂声 既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词。 形容词形式为noisy“吵闹的；嘈杂的”。 make（a）noise 制造噪声，发出声音 【语境串记】 It’s noisy outside. Let’s go out and see who is making such a noise. 外面很吵闹，我们出去看看是谁在制造这种噪声。 辨析 noise, sound与voice noise 多指不悦耳的吵闹声、嘈杂声，可与make连用 sound 泛指能听见的自然界的各种声音，不带有任何感情色彩 voice 多指人说话或唱歌的声音 【语境串记】 There was a loud noise outside the classroom. The physics teacher had to raise his voice,“Light travels much faster than sound.”教室外面一片嘈杂声，物理老师不得不提高嗓音说：“光的传播速度比声音快得多。” 5 I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food.我捂住鼻子，以减少来自“难闻食物先生”的气味。（教材P69） reduce /rɪˈdju:s/ v.缩小；减少；降低 reduce sth.减少某物 reduce...to...把……减少到…… reduce...by...把……减少了…… Smiling can reduce stress.微笑能减轻压力。 The skirt was reduced to $10 in the sale.在大减价期间，这条裙子减价到了10美元。 Actually, the writer says that self-driving cars can reduce accidents by 90 percent.实际上，作者说自动驾驶汽车可以减少90%的事故。 6 Then a boy behind me started to kick my seat.这时，我身后的一个男孩开始踢我的座位。（教材P69） seat /si:t/ n. 座，座位 常用短语有: take/have a seat坐下 take one's seat 就座 book a seat订座 Excuse me, could I take this seat？打扰了,我可以坐这个座位吗？ Dinner is ready. Please take your seats. 晚饭准备好了。请入座吧。 I want to book a seat next to the window.我想订一个靠窗的座位。 辨析seat与sit 词性 词义 seat 名词 座位 及物动词 （使）就座；可坐……人 sit 不及物动词 坐 【语境串记】 The hall of the restaurant seats 300 people. The waitress seated the guests at the table and they sat down in their seats.这家饭店的大厅能坐300人。女服务员安排客人们在桌旁就座，他们都坐在了座位上。 7 My face turned as red as a tomato!我的脸变得通红！（教材P69） as red as a tomato脸色通红，是一种比喻的修辞方式，常用来表达生气、害羞、尴尬等情绪。 Her face turned as red as a tomato after she slipped on the ice. 她在冰上滑倒后，脸变得通红。 拓展 英语中有很多约定俗成的修辞常用“as...as”结构来表达，有时也可省略第一个as，如： as white as snow 洁白如雪 as black as night漆黑如夜 as cold as ice 冷若冰霜 as quick as a flash 快如闪电 as hard as iron坚硬如铁 as busy as a bee非常忙碌 as gentle as a lamb温顺如羊 8 Come on, he’s just a kid.算了吧，他只是个孩子。（教材P69） come on 别逗了，得了吧，算了吧 一般用于口语中，用来表示责备或不耐烦。 Oh come on, you know that isn’t true!哦，得了吧，你知道那不是真的！ 拓展 come on还可表示催促、鼓励或命令等，意为“快点；加油；赶快”等。 Come on! We don’t have much time.快点！我们时间不多了。 Come on! You can catch up with him. 加油！你能赶上他的。 9 Please look after your children. 请照看好你的孩子。（教材P69） look after照顾，照料 同义短语为take care of。 好好照顾……look after...well=take good care of... Cooking classes can help students learn to look after themselves. 烹饪课可以帮助学生学会照顾自己。 Please look after yourself well.=Please take good care of yourself.请好好照顾你自己。 10 Standing up to bad behaviour对不文明行为说“不”（教材P70） stand up to抵抗；勇敢反对 It was brave of her to stand up to those bullies.她能站出来反抗那些霸凌者，真是太勇敢了。 拓展 stand up for支持；维护 You have to stand up for yourself.你必须为自己挺身而出。 11 I picked up the pieces/clean up the mess我捡起碎片/收拾了一下（教材P71） pick up捡起，拾起 为“动词+副词”型短语。 pick+名词+up=pick up+名词 pick+人称代词+up Cleaners pick up rubbish to keep our environment clean.清洁工捡拾垃圾以保持环境清洁。 There is a book on the ground. Please pick it up.地上有一本书,请把它捡起来吧。 拓展 pick up的其他常见义项： 接电话 I called you last night, but you didn’t pick up.我昨晚给你打电话了,但是你没接。 搭载；（开车）接人 Shall we go to the airport to pick up your sister？我们去机场接你妹妹好吗？ 收拾；整理 Will you pick up all your toys?把你的玩具都收起来好吗？ （偶然）得到,听 到,学会 Last week, I picked up a popular recipe to cook fish. 上周,我学了一个流行的烹饪鱼的 食谱。 12 His honesty made me respect him.他的诚实让我敬佩。（教材P71） honesty /ˈɒnəsti/ n.诚实，正直；坦诚 由“honest（adj.诚实的；坦诚的）+-y（名词后缀）”构成。 Honesty can lead me forward and make my future more colorful.诚实可以指引我前进，让我的未来更加多姿多彩。 拓展 respect /rɪˈspekt/ v.尊重 ［及物动词］后常接名词或代词作宾语。 respect sb. for（doing）sth.因（做）某事而尊敬某人 I respect their views, although I do not agree with them.虽然我不同意,但是我尊重他们的观点。 We respect him as a great leader.我们尊敬他是一位伟大的领袖。 I respect her for her honesty.我敬佩她的诚实。 拓展 ［不可数名词］尊敬 常与介词for连用。 show respect for...向……表示尊敬 Later she comes to understand their lifestyle and respect for nature.后来，她开始理解他们的生活方式和对大自然的尊重。 We teenagers should show respect for our elders.我们青少年应该尊敬长辈。 13 sharing my story/spread some happiness 分享我的故事/传播一些快乐（教材P71） spread /spred/ v.传播 其过去式和过去分词均为spread。 He is now spreading the knowledge of environmental protection.现在，他正在传播环保知识。 The news spread quickly.消息很快传开了。 拓展 ［名词］传播；扩散 We need to slow the spread of the virus.我们需要减缓这种病毒的传播。 ( 随堂训练1 ) 一.根据句意和首字母提示写出所缺的单词 1.So try your best to f_______ the rules and stick to them. 2.He said thanks to a few people in his speech, but he didn't m________ me. I felt very sad. 3.Mary is very tidy and all of her things are in good o_______. 4.—Maria, you have made such great progress in English. —Thanks, Ms. Chen. I can't make it w________ your help. 5.If you are lazy in spring, you will harvest(收获) n________ in autumn. 6.Last night at the restaurant we o________ a lot of food because we were so hungry. 二.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 7.你反对哪些规定? ______ ______ are you against? 8.——我觉得莉莉是班级里最聪明的女生。 ——我同意你的观点。 —I think Lily is the cleverest girl in the class. —I ______ ______ you. 9.首先,你需要保持冷静的头脑和开放的思想。 First, you ______ ______ keep a cool head and an open mind. 10.不是所有的事情都可以按旧的方式做。 Not everything ______ ______ ______ according to the old ways. 11.狗可以被训练得听从命令。 Dogs can be trained to ___________ ______. 三.根据句意和首字母提示写出所缺的单词 1.—Can I sit here? —I'm sorry you can't. This is Amy's ______. 2.The boy ________ the ball so hard that it dropped into the river. 3.Giving up smoking can ________ the risk of heart disease. 4.Many think SOS is short for “save our ship”, but it doesn't really stand for ________. 四.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 5.How ________(fool) you are! You always believe Ben. He always tells lies! 6.—Peter, the music sounds too _______(noise). Please turn it down. —Sorry, I'll do it at once. 7.This kind of fruit is too ________(smell). I can't stand it. Please take it away. 8.You can believe in me. I'm ready to take on this new ______________(responsible). 五.从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 cause　passenger　sign　noise 9.Don't make so much _______ here. The baby is sleeping in the next room. 10.Don't smoke here, sir. Can't you see the _______ over there? It says “No Smoking”. 11.The driver told all the ___________ not to worry. 12.Drunk driving is one of the most common ________ of traffic accidents. 六.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 13.超市的对面有一家银行。 _______ is a bank ________ the supermarket. 14.他惊讶地看着我。 He looked at me _______ ________. 15.如果你觉得紧张,你应该先深呼吸。 If you feel nervous, you should _____ _____ _____ ______ first. 16.为了占到好座位,我们早早地就到达了学校的礼堂。 We arrived at the school hall early ______ ______ _____/ ______ ______ _____ get good seats. 17.——我和简本周日打算去野餐。你想 和我们一起去吗? ——当然。到时候见。 —Jane and I are going to ______ ______ ______ this Sunday. Would you like to go with us? —Sure. See you then. 18.我正盼望着收到你的信。 I______ _______ _______ ______ hearing from you. ( 语法学习 ) 动词不定式作目的状语 1.动词不定式作目的状语，表示行为动作的目的。在作目的状语时，动词不定式一般放在句尾。但如果表示强调，也可位于句首，用逗号与后面的内容隔开。 Bob goes jogging every day to keep fit.为了保持健康，鲍勃每天都慢跑。 To get there on time, they started early.为了准时赶到那儿，他们很早就出发了。 典例 healthy, we students always do morning exercises every day at school. A. Keep B. To keep C. Keeping D. Keeps [解析] 句意：为了保持健康，我们学生每天都会在学校做早操。分析句子结构可知，学生们做早操的目的是保持健康，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。 2.为了使表达更加清楚或对目的加以强调，还可以用in order to do sth.或so as to do sth.作目的状语。需要注意的是，so as to引导的不定式短语不能位于句首。 In order to raise money and protect wild animals, I held a singing competition.为了筹款保护野生动物，我举办了一个歌唱比赛。 We went early so as to get good seats.为了占到好座位，我们早早就去了。 3.动词不定式作目的状语也可以和so that引导的目的状语从句进行转换。 I studied hard every day in order to（=so that I can）pass the exam. 我每天努力学习以便通过考试。 拓展 除了作目的状语之外，动词不定式还可以作原因状语和结果状语等。 She’s sad to hear the news. 听到这个消息，她很难过。（表示原因） She awoke to find herself in a hospital bed.她醒来发现自己在医院的病床上。（表示结果） ( 随堂训练2 ) Many of us have feelings of loneliness as we grow up. As a teenager, just 　1　 alone in the cafeteria can be unbearable, and girls even go to the restroom hand in hand. They fear 　2　 a “loner”. In these cases, we might use the word “loner” in a disapproving way. However, it can actually have a positive meaning as well.  It all depends on our attitudes towards being alone. If we see 　3　 alone as something negative, we will resist (抵制) it. But if we understand that it's an everyday part of life, we'll be able 　4　 it.  In some countries, more young people are choosing 　5　 loners. In South Korea, “honjok” has become a popular lifestyle. The term comes from “hon” (alone) and “jok” (tribe). These people eat alone, travel alone, and enjoy 　6　 alone.  “I hope it grows into a self-supporting culture of happiness,” said Jang Jae Young, a South Korean who runs a website about this solo lifestyle 　7　 honjok.me.  In Japan, people have developed a strong “loner culture” and even a “loner economy”. There are many solo karaoke bars and solo cafes. Even some restaurants are specially designed for solo diners. Clapboards (隔板) separate each seat. They fill out a form 　8　 an order, and then press a button to call the waiter. So they don't have to see the faces of other customers or waiters.  People are becoming more experienced in and comfortable about 　9　 solitude (独处). This doesn't mean we should totally shut ourselves from the outside world, of course. But it doesn't hurt 　10　 some “me time” once in a while.  1.A.eat　　　 B.to eat　　　 C.eating　　　 D.eaten 2.A.be called　　　 B.to be called C.be calling　　　 D.being called 3.A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.be　　　 D.being 4.A.hug　　　 B.to hug　　　 C.hugging　　　 D.hugged 5.A.to be　　　 B.be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 6.A.be　　　 B.to be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 7.A.call　　　 B.to call　　　 C.calling　　　 D.called 8.A.place　　　 B.to place　　　 C.placing　　　 D.placed 9.A.embrace　　　 B.to embrace　　　 C.embracing　　　 D.embraced 10.A.have　　　 B.to have　　　 C.having　　　 D.had ( 综合训练 ) 一．单项选择 1. The ______ of breaking rules online include privacy risks and cyberbullying. A. advantages B. disadvantages C. conveniences D. chances 2. In urgent cases, sometimes we need to ______ rules to save lives. A. follow B. break C. make D. ignore 3. The debate topic is ______ rules should be flexible in special situations. A. whether B. that C. what D. which 4. ______ to the rule, we should wear seat belts in cars. A. According B. Instead C. Except D. Because 5. The lawyer argued that rules must ______ both safety and freedom. A. balance B. destroy C. ignore D. increase 6. Online safety rules ______ us from posting personal information. A. protect B. cheat C. harm D. trouble 7. The ______ of digital natives is growing up with technology. A. generation B. attitude C. device D. era 8. She ______ the rule by posting her address online, risking her safety. A. followed B. obeyed C. broke D. respected 9. ______ speaking, rules are necessary for social order. A. Generally B. Suddenly C. Luckily D. Sadly 10. The ______ of the story is to show the importance of following rules. A. problem B. message C. accident D. noise 二、词汇填空，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. The ______ (important) of rules is shown in public order. 2. We should behave ______ (wise) online to avoid risks. 3. His ______ (careless) led to breaking the rule. 4. The ______ (argue) about rules lasted for hours. 5. She ______ (realize) the mistake and apologized. 6. ______ (follow) rules online is a must for netizens. 7. The ______ (design) of new rules needs public discussion. 8. We must ______ (protect) our privacy according to online rules. 9. The ______ (passenger) safety depends on following traffic rules. 10. He ______ (spread) the message of rule-following last week. 三、完型填空,从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。（共 10 分） In a small town, the digital divide was obvious. Elderly residents struggled 1 modern rules of online payment. During a visit, I saw an old man 2 to pay with cash, but the shop only accepted QR codes. He looked 3 and helpless. I 4 to help him, showing him 5 to use the app step by step. 6 he succeeded and thanked me warmly. This experience made me realize that rules should be 7 , not just for the young. Technology 8 include everyone, 9 age or background. We need to 10 new rules that bridge the gap and ensure no one is left behind. 1. A. with B. at C. for D. in 2. A. try B. trying C. to try D. tried 3. A. confident B. excited C. confused D. proud 4. A. refused B. ignored C. offered D. forgot 5. A. what B. how C. why D. where 6. A. Unluckily B. Suddenly C. Finally D. Sadly 7. A. strict B. flexible C. new D. old 8. A. should B. mustn’t C. need D. can’t 9. A. regardless of B. because of C. instead of D. according to 10. A. break B. make C. follow D. ignore $$