专题05 Unit 3 Make it happen!（Understanding ideas）-【七升八】2025年新八年级英语暑期衔接讲义（外研版2024）

Unit 3 Make it happen! （Understanding ideas） ( 单词学习 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.fair /feə/ n. 展览会 2.block /blok/ n. 一块（木头、石头等） 3.artificial /ˌaɪtˈfrʃəl/ adj. 人造的 4.hook /huk/ n. 挂钩 5.cost /kosɪ/ v. 价格为…… 6.lend /lend/ v. 搭把手；借出 7.3 D /ˌθriːˈdiː/ adj. 三维的（three dimensional） 8.printer /ˈprɪntə/ n. 打印机 9.brain /breɪn/ n. 大脑 10.signal /ˈsɪɡnəl/ n. 信号 11.weigh /wei/ v. 重量为…… 12.kilogram /ˈkɪləɡræn/ n. 千克 13.fix /fiks/ v. 解决问题 14.invention /ɪnˈvenʃən/ n. 发明物 15.download /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ v. 下载 16.apply /əˈplai/ v. 应用 17.smart /smɑːt/ adj. 智能的 18.machine /məˈʃiːn/ n. 机器 19.warn /wɔːn/ v. 警告 20.congratulation /kənˌɡreɪtʃəˈleiʃən/ n. 祝贺 21.advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ n. 广告 22.everyday /ˈevridət/ adj. 日常的 23.trouble /ˈtrʌbəl/ v. 使苦恼 24.imaginative /ɪˈmædʒənətɪv/ adj. 富有想象力的 ( 课文解析 ) Starting out ❶ Look at the picture and answer the questions. 1 What differences between the lives of ancient people and ours do you know? 2 What caused these differences? ❷ Look at the picture and answer the questions. 1 What are these inventions? 2 How have they changed our lives? Understanding ideas ❶ Look at the word cloud and predict. What’s the passage about? ❷ Read the passage and check your answer. A helping hand 1 Easton LaChappelle, a 14-year-old student, stood beside his work at a science fair. It was a robotic arm. He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line. 2 “Hello,” said a girl with an artificial arm, as she shook hands with Easton's work. 3 This was the first time Easton met Jenny. She was born without an arm. Her artificial arm was just a simple hook, but it cost$80,000. What's worse, children like her grow quickly and need new arms all the time. 4 “It blew me away! I built my arm for only $300," thought Easton. "I must lend a hand to people like her." 5 After the fair, Easton's room became a lab. He stayed there all day. He always tried to improve his work. For his 16th birthday, Easton got a 3-D printer. And with it, he invented an artificial arm. It was able to move with brain signals of the user. But it wasn't good enough yet: the arm weighed 3.6 kilograms. It was too heavy for a child. 6 Easton kept working on it. He enjoyed fixing problems one after another. And finally he hit on success at age 23. His design only weighed 0.5 kilograms and cost around $500! 7 Easton's invention has helped many children. He didn't want to make money from it. He decided to post his design online... for free! People can download the design and make an artificial arm with their own 3-D printers! 8 What a helping hand! 援助之手 1伊斯顿·拉查佩尔，一名14岁的学生，在一次科学博览会上站在他的作品旁边。这是一个机械臂。他用塑料块和钓鱼线建造了它。 2“你好，”一个戴着假肢的女孩一边说，一边和伊斯顿的作品握手。 这是伊斯顿第一次见到珍妮。她天生就没有手臂。她的假肢只是一个简单的钩子，但花了8万美元。更糟糕的是，像她这样的孩子长得很快，总是需要新的手臂。 伊斯顿想：“这让我大吃一惊！我只花了300美元就造了我的手臂。我必须帮助像她这样的人。” 集市结束后，伊斯顿的房间变成了实验室。他在那里呆了一整天。他总是努力改进自己的工作。伊斯顿16岁生日时买了一台3D打印机。有了它，他发明了一个人工手臂。它能够根据用户的大脑信号移动。但这还不够好：手臂重3.6公斤。它对一个孩子来说太重了。 伊斯顿继续努力。他喜欢一个接一个地解决问题。最后，他在23岁时取得了成功。他的设计重量只有0.5公斤，成本约为500美元！ 伊斯顿的发明帮助了许多孩子。他不想从中赚钱。他决定把他的设计发布到网上。。。免费！人们可以下载设计，用自己的3D打印机制作一个人工手臂！ 8多大的帮助啊！ ❸ Order the following events in the passage. _______ Easton made a robot arm with blocks and fishing line. _______Easton allowed people to use his design for free. _______ Easton and Jenny met at a science fair. _______Easton made an artificial arm with a 3-D printer. ❹ Complete the chart with the words and expressions from the passage. How did Easton come up with the idea? ( Where: At a(n) 1 _________________ Who: Jenny, a girl born 2 _________________ Problem to solve: Jenny's artificial arm cost $80,000. But children like her 3 _________________ , so they always need new arms. ) What are Easton's inventions? ( Age 14 : A robot arm. It was made from plastic blocks and 4 _________________ . Age 16 : An artificial arm. It could 5 _____________ with brain signals, but weighed 3.6 kilograms. Age 23: Another artificial arm. It 6 _____________ just 0.5 kilograms and 7 _____________ around $500. ) What did Easton do with his invention? ( He decided to post his 8 _________ online for free. People could make their own with 3-D printers. ) ❺ Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules. (a) He always tried to improve his work. (b) He enjoyed fixing problems one after another. Now find more sentences with these structures in the reading passage. ❻ Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in brackets. Lily's grandfather had Parkinson's disease, and he kept 1_________(knock) his drinks over. Lily decided 2 _________(design) a new cup to help him. She invented a cup with three legs. It can stand well on the table and Grandpa loved 3_________(use) it! ❼ Complete the news report with the correct form of the words in the box. ( Boy designs SMART STICK for the blind )apply have shake do make 17-year-old Shantanu Gangwar noticed a problem. Blind students at school had a hard time moving around. They wished 1_________ a smart machine to warn them about the objects in their way, so Shantanu decided 2_________ something to help. He invented a smart walking stick. It can sense objects nearby. Once it senses an object, it starts 3_________ to warn the user. Shantanu won an award and received many congratulations for his invention. However, he wanted 4_________ it even better. He also hoped 5_________it to real life after finishing high school. "We can produce a lot of these sticks and help more blind people, " he said. ❽ Work in pairs. Think of a problem and come up with an idea for an invention. Then write an advertisement for it. Use the words and expressions from the reading passage and the Useful expressions to help you. 1）What everyday problem do you face? 2）How does the problem trouble you? 3）What invention could solve the problem? (Be creative! You can be as imaginative as you want.) 4）How does the invention work? ( 知识解析1 ) 1 Easton LaChappelle, a 14-year-old student, stood beside his work at a science fair.伊斯顿·拉夏贝尔,一名 14 岁的学生，站在自己参加科技展览会的作品旁。（教材P36） fair /feə/ n. 展览会 There will be a book fair on the square this weekend.本周末将在广场上举办一场书展。 拓展 （1）［名词］集市 The Country fair is a common form of trading in China.乡村集市在中国是一种常见的贸易形式。 （2）［形容词］常见含义有： You must be fair to both sides.你必须公平对待双方。 She offered me a fair price for my record collection. 她给我收藏的唱片出了一个合理的价格。 She has fair hair and skin.她有着浅色的头发、白皙的皮肤。 2 He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line.他是用塑料积木和钓鱼线制作的。（教材P36） out of 由……制成，用……做成 We built the hen house out of wood.我们用木头搭建了这个鸡舍。 The necklace is made out of gold.这条项链是金制的。 拓展 out of构成的相关短语： out of business停业；歇业 out of work失业 out of breath喘不上气 out of order出故障 out of sight看不见 3 Her artificial arm was just a simple hook, but it cost $80,000.她的假肢只是一个简单的钩子，却花费了8万美元。（教材P36） cost /kɒst/ v. 价格为，需支付（某一数量的钱） 辨析 spend, take, pay与cost spend 主语通常是人 sb. spends time/money doing sth.某人花费时间/金钱做某事 sb. spends time/money on sth.某人在某事/某物上花费时间/金钱 take 通常用it作形式主语 it takes（sb.）some time to do sth.做某事花费（某人）多长时间 pay 主语通常是人 sb. pays some money for sth.某人为某物花费多少钱 cost 主语通常是物 sth. costs sb. some money某物花费某人多少钱 I spent 100 yuan on the present.我花了100元买这件礼物。 I am planning to pick up the new hobby in the summer holiday. I won’t spend my spare time on my mobile phone all day long. 我打算在暑假里培养新的爱好。我不会把业余时间都花在手机上。 It took me 20 minutes to get to school.我花了20分钟到达学校。 We paid 150 yuan for the meal.这顿饭我们花了150元。 The schoolbag cost me 50 yuan.这个书包花了我50元。 4 What’s worse, children like her grow quickly and need new arms all the time.更糟糕的是，像她这样的孩子长得快，经常需要新的假肢。（教材P36） what’s worse 更糟糕的是 用来引出一个更加糟糕或严重的情况，通常用来加重语气，强调比较。 I left my wallet at home, and what’s worse, my phone is out of power.我把钱包忘在家里了，更糟糕的是，我的手机没电了。 It’s raining, and what’s worse, I left my umbrella at home.天下起了雨，更糟糕的是，我把伞忘在家里了。 5 “It blew me away! I built my arm for only $300,” thought Easton. “这让我大吃一惊！我只花了 300 美元就造出了假肢。”伊斯顿心想。（教材P37） blow sb. away 使某人大吃一惊；（尤指比赛中）彻底击败 It just blows me away that everyone is so friendly here.我真是惊讶极了，这里的每一个人都如此友好。 Nancy blew away the rest of the skaters.南希横扫了其他滑冰选手。 6 I must lend a hand to people like her.我一定要帮助像她这样的人。（教材P37） lend /lend/ v. 帮助（某人）做事（尤指需要体力的事）；（给某人）搭把手 lend sb. a（helping）hand/ lend a（helping）hand to sb.帮助某人，向某人伸出援手 He was always glad to lend a helping hand.他总是乐于施以援手。 拓展 ［动词］借给；借出 对应词为borrow “借入；借来”。 lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 I lent my favourite book to Mary. = I lent Mary my favourite book.我把自己最喜欢的书借给了玛丽。 7 It was able to move with brain signals of the user. But it wasn’t good enough yet: the arm weighed 3.6 kilograms.它能随着使用者的大脑发出的信号移动。但它还不够好：这一假肢重达3.6千克。（教材P37） brain /breɪn/ n. 脑，大脑 To keep your brain in good condition, you need to use it.要让大脑处于良好的状态，你需要使用它。 拓展 ［名词］智力；脑力 She has a good brain.她很聪颖。 It takes much brain to think of something like that！能想得出那么个主意来是需要费很大脑筋的! weigh /weɪ/ v. 重，重量是…… 对重量提问常用“How much do/does...weigh?” “What do/does...weigh?”或“How heavy is/are...?”。 How much/What do you weigh?/How heavy are you? 你的体重是多少？ When Ya Ya was born in the Beijing Zoo, she weighed about 0.14 kilos.丫丫在北京动物园出生时大约140克重。 拓展 （1）weigh［动词］认真考虑；权衡 Laura spoke very slowly to people to weigh what she would say. 劳拉和人们说话非常慢，以便权衡她要说什么。 （2）weight［名词］重量；分量 put on/gain weight增加体重 lose weight减重 【语境串记】 She weighed 60 kilos months ago. Unsatisfied with that number, she decided to lose weight. 几个月前，她重60 千克。由于对那个数字不满意，她决定减肥。 8 He enjoyed fixing problems one after another.他对解决一个又一个问题乐此不疲。（教材P37） fix /fɪks/ v. 解决（问题） My friend is very confident that she can help me fix the problem.我朋友非常自信她能够帮我解决这个问题。 拓展 ［动词］修理 fix up修理；装饰 Andrew often fixes things for others.安德鲁经常帮别人修东西。 They fixed up the house before they moved in.他们把房子装修了以后才搬入。 9 Easton’s invention has helped many children.伊斯顿的发明帮助了许多孩子。（教材P37） invention /ɪnˈvenʃən/ n.发明（物）（如机器、工具、仪器等） Necessity is the mother of invention.需求是发明之母。 【语境串记】 Edison invented a lot of things. He is a great inventor and he is famous for his inventions. 爱迪生发明了许多东西。他是一位伟大的发明家，他因他的发明物而闻名。 10 People can download the design and make an artificial arm with their own 3-D printers!人们可以下载设计图，用自己的 3D 打印机制作假肢！（教材P37） download /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ v.下载（信息或程序） You can download the app for free.你可以免费下载该应用程序。 拓展 ［名词］下载；已下载的数据资料 app/file downloads应用/文件下载 This book is available as a free download.该书可免费下载。 11 What a helping hand!多大的帮助啊！（教材P37） what引导的感叹句 本句结构为：What+a/an（+形容词）+单数名词！ What a beautiful garden!多么漂亮的花园啊！ What a surprise！真是没料到的事！ 拓展 what型感叹句的其他结构： （1）What+形容词+可数名词复数（+主语+谓语）！ What interesting movies（they are）!（它们是）多么有趣的电影啊！ （2）What+形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！ What delicious food!多么美味的食物啊！ 12 Boy designs SMART STICK for the blind男孩为盲人设计智能手杖（教材P39） smart /smɑ:t/ adj.智能的 smartphone智能手机 smart machine智能机器 Today, can you live without your smartphone? 如今，你能在没有智能手机的情况下生活吗? I bought a smart washing machine last week.我上周买了一台智能洗衣机。 拓展 ［形容词］聪明的；衣着讲究的 She is a beautiful and smart girl.她是一个既美丽又聪明的女孩。 You look smart in that suit.你穿上那套衣服显得很精神。 13 They wished to have a smart machine to warn them about the objects in their way, so Shantanu decided to do something to help.他们希望有一台智能机器来提醒他们前方路上的障碍物，于是Shantanu决定做点什么来帮忙。（教材P39） warn /wɔ:n/ v.警告，告诫；提醒 I warned her not to go near the dog.我警告她不要靠近那条狗。 The message warned us of/about possible danger.这条信息警告我们注意潜在的危险。 He warned me against going there at night.他告诫我不要晚上去那儿。 Experts warn that eating too much chocolate is bad for health.专家警告说吃太多巧克力对健康有害。 14 Shantanu won an award and received many congratulations for his invention. Shantanu 因为他的发明赢得了一个奖项并收到了许多祝贺。（教材P39） congratulation /kənˌgrætʃəˈleɪʃən/ n.恭喜，祝贺 其复数形式为congratulations，通常用于祝贺成功、获奖、结婚、生日、毕业等场合。 congratulations to sb.（on sth.）（因某事）祝贺某人 Congratulations! You won first prize at the speech contest. 恭喜！你在演讲比赛中得了一等奖。 Congratulations to you on success.祝贺你的成功。 15 How does the problem trouble you?这个问题给你带来了什么困扰？（教材P40） trouble /ˈtrʌbəl/ v. 使忧虑，使苦恼 This latest news troubled him deeply.这个最新消息使他深为烦恼。 拓展 （1）［及物动词］麻烦 trouble sb. to do sth.麻烦某人做某事 trouble sb. with sth.因某事麻烦某人 Could I trouble you to open the window?麻烦你把窗户打开好吗？ I don’t want to trouble the doctor with such a small problem.我不想因为这个小毛病麻烦医生。 （2）［不可数名词］麻烦；困境 be in trouble 遇到麻烦;处于困难中 get/run into trouble陷入困境 be out of trouble摆脱困境 have trouble with sth.在某事上有困难 have trouble（in）doing sth. 做某事有麻烦/困难 When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you.当你在学校遇到麻烦时，你的朋友会帮你。 If I don’t get this finished on time, I’ll get into trouble.我如果不把此事按时完成，就会陷入困境。 We have trouble working out the problem.我们解出这道题有困难。 【语境串记】 Don’t trouble（v.） trouble（n.） until trouble（n.） troubles（v.） you. 不要自寻烦恼。 16 Be creative! You can be as imaginative as you want.要有创意！你可以尽情发挥想象力。（教材P40） imaginative /ɪˈmædʒənətɪv/ adj.富有想象力的；创新的 由“imagine（v.想象）去词尾的e再加-ative”构成。 He is an imaginative writer.他是位富有想象力的作家。 We have to think of an imaginative solution to the litter problem.我们必须想出一个解决乱扔垃圾问题的有创意的办法。 ( 语法学习 ) 动词不定式和动名词作宾语 考向1 接动词不定式作宾语的常见动词 后接动词不定式作宾语的常见动词（短语）有: 拒绝、选择和同意（refuse、choose、agree） 期望、决定和学习（expect、decide、learn） 宁可、假装和计划（prefer、pretend、plan） 希望、想要和愿意（wish/hope、want、would like） We chose to go there by train.我们选择了乘火车去那里。 Tina decided to go to Hainan for her holidays.蒂娜决定去海南度假。 He’s learning to dance.他正在学跳舞。 I would like to drink a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。 考向2 接动名词作宾语的常见动词 后接动名词（短语）作宾语的常见动词（短语）有：enjoy、finish、keep、mind、practise、suggest、feel like、 can’t help、look forward to、have trouble等。 I don’t mind waiting a little longer.我不介意再多等一会儿。 Tracey suggested meeting for a drink after work.特蕾西提议下班后一起见面喝一杯。 考向3 既能接动词不定式又能接动名词作宾语的常见动词 有些动词既可接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，但两者含义不同。 remember to do sth.记得要做某事 Please remember to post the letters. 请记得寄这几封信。 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 I remember posting your letters. 我记得已经寄出了你的信。 forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 I forgot to go to the post office. 我忘了去邮局。 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 I forgot going to the post office. 我忘了我去过邮局了。 try to do sth. 设法做某事；努力做某事 Try to be nice to him. 要尽量对他友好。 try doing sth.试着做某事 Try being nice to him. 试着对他友好。 mean to do sth.打算做某事 What do you mean to do? 你打算做什么？ mean doing sth.意味着做某事 His words mean refusing us. 他的话意味着拒绝我们。 ( 综合训练 ) 一、词汇考查，从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最恰当的一项。 1. Easton built the robotic arm ______ plastic blocks and fishing line. A. out of B. in C. on D. at 2. The artificial arm ______ $80,000, which was too expensive for children. A. cost B. took C. spent D. paid 3. Easton decided to ______ his design online for free. A. download B. upload C. post D. invent 4. Benjamin Franklin was ______ about electricity and did many experiments. A. curious B. brave C. selfish D. careful 5. The lightning rod ______ buildings from lightning. A. protects B. prevents C. warns D. invents 6. Wan Hu was a ______ of space exploration in the Ming Dynasty. A. scientist B. pioneer C. inventor D. doctor 7. Zhang Heng invented the first ______ detector to predict earthquakes. A. weather B. space C. earthquake D. lightning 8. The Post-it Note was invented ______ accident by Arthur Fry. A. on B. by C. in D. with 9. The smart walking stick can ______ blind people about nearby objects. A. warn B. help C. make D. do 10. Curiosity is the key ______ new discoveries. A.of B. to C. for D. in 1. A 解析：out of 意为 “由…… 制成”，符合课文搭配 “built it out of plastic blocks”。 2. A 解析：cost 表示 “价格为”，主语为物，符合语境。 3. C 解析：post 意为 “发布”，与课文中 “post his design online” 一致。 4. A 解析：be curious about 为固定搭配，意为 “对…… 好奇”。 5. A 解析：protect...from... 意为 “保护…… 免受……”，符合富兰克林发明避雷针的作用。 6. B 解析：pioneer 意为 “先驱”，课文中提到万户是太空探索先驱。 7. C 解析：根据课文，张衡发明地动仪，选 earthquake。 8. B 解析：by accident 为固定短语，意为 “偶然地”。 9. A 解析：warn sb. about sth. 意为 “提醒某人注意某事”，符合语境。 10. B 解析：the key to... 意为 “…… 的关键”，固定搭配。 二、语法考查，从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。 1. He enjoyed ______ problems one after another. A. to solve B. solving C. solve D. solved 2. Lily decided ______ a new cup for her grandfather. A. design B. to design C. designing D. designed 3. The invention ______ by a 17-year-old boy last year. A. is made B. was made C. made D. makes 4. ______ the failure, he kept working on his invention. A. Despite B. Although C. If D. Because 5. They spent years ______ the sky and the earth. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studied 6. ______ curious he is about the new machine! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 7. The boy invented a stick ______ frozen juice. A. to hold B. holding C. held D. hold 8. She wished ______ a scientist when she grew up. A. becoming B. to become C. become D. became 9. The exhibition hall ______ many great inventions yesterday. A. shows B. showed C. has shown D. will show 10. ______ is important to share invention ideas with others. A. This B. That C. It D. What 1. B 解析：enjoy doing sth. 为固定用法，用动名词 solving。 2. B 解析：decide to do sth. 为固定结构，用不定式 to design。 3. B 解析：last year 提示过去时，被动语态结构为 was made。 4. A 解析：despite + 名词，表 “尽管”，符合语境。 5. C 解析：spend time doing sth. 为固定用法，用动名词 studying。 6. B 解析：how 引导感叹句，修饰形容词 curious。 7. A 解析：不定式 to hold 作目的状语，意为 “用来握住”。 8. B 解析：wish to do sth. 为固定结构，用不定式 to become。 9. B 解析：yesterday 提示过去时，用 showed。 10. C 解析：it 作形式主语，真正主语为不定式 to share...。 三．用所给词的适当形式填空及根据首字母填空。 1.He is an        (invent),he       (invent)lots of       (invent). 2. She        (realize) she was wrong yesterday. 3. The       (price) is so high, it is so       (expensive) . 4. Surfing the internet is        (popular) among teenagers. 5. The idea is       (practice), we will take this diet. 6. This toy is        (special) ,and I have never seen it before. 7. She created many famous works,and she was        .(create)  1. inventor, invented,inventions 2.realized 3.price, expensive4. popular 5. practical 6.special 7. creative 四.完形填空 China has become stronger and stronger in recent years. Many foreigners can’t believe that China has developed so fast and feel 　1　. They see high-speed trains, Alipay, shared bikes and online shopping as the 　2　 Four Great Inventions of China. Some of them 　3　 the influences(影响) of the new inventions. The following is what they said.  Justin: I’m from Romania. The high-speed trains are very 　4　, convenient and tidy. It takes me only about five hours from Beijing to Shanghai by train. It 　5　 a lot of time.  Yala: I’m from Nepal. The bicycle-sharing system allows people to get a bike from point “A” and 　6　 it at point “B”. It’s convenient, and it’s also a low-carbon(低碳的) and healthy way of life. I like it very much.  Arcbana: My life in Beijing is quite different from that in India. Here in China, I 　7　 take notes(纸币) with me when I go out. I can pay with Alipay most of the time. It’s amazing. However, in India, if you don’t take 　8　 with you, you’ll be in trouble.  Bond: I find many 　9　 between China and our country. We don’t have Taobao or other online shopping apps. With these apps, I can 　10　 easily without stepping out of the doors in China.  1.A.surprised B.nervous C.sad D.angry 2.A.old B.new C.young D.small 3.A.depended on B.looked for C.talked about D.gave up 4.A.fast B.short C.slow D.heavy 5.A.takes B.saves C.changes D.works 6.A.borrow B.buy C.keep D.return 7.A.seldom B.sometimes C.often D.usually 8.A.water B.money C.rubbish D.food 9.A.promises B.connections C.differences D.problems 10.A.run B.swim C.read D.shop [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一些外国人对中国的一些新发明带来的影响的看法。 1.A　考查形容词辨析。根据空前的“Many foreigners can’t believe that China has developed so fast”可知,此处应该是感到惊讶。故选A。 2.B　考查形容词辨析。根据空后的“the influences of the new inventions”可知,此处应该是新四大发明。故选B。 3.C　考查短语辨析。depend on取决于;look for寻找;talk about谈论;give up放弃。根据空后的“The following is what they said.”可知,此处应该是谈论。故选C。 4.A　考查形容词辨析。根据空后的“It takes me only about five hours from Beijing to Shanghai by train.”可知,高铁很快。故选A。 5.B　考查动词辨析。根据空前的“It takes me only about five hours from Beijing to Shanghai by train.”可知,高铁很快,它节省了很多时间。故选B。 6.D　考查动词辨析。根据空前的“get a bike from point ‘A’”和空后的“it at point ‘B’”可知,应该是从“A”点取车,在“B”点还车。故选D。 7.A　考查副词辨析。根据空后的“I can pay with Alipay most of the time.”可知,在中国,“我”出门时很少带纸币。故选A。 8.B　考查名词辨析。根据空前的“I can pay with Alipay most of the time.It’s amazing.However, in India”可知,在印度,如果你不带钱,你会有麻烦的。故选B。 9.C　考查名词辨析。根据后文的“We don’t have Taobao or other online shopping apps.”可知,应该是“我”发现中国和自己的国家有许多不同之处。故选C。 10.D　考查动词辨析。根据前文的“Taobao or other online shopping apps”可知,有了这些购物软件,“我”不用出门就可以轻松地购物。故选D。 五.语篇补全 　　根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。每个选项只能用一次。 Bridges are built over roads, rivers, or railways. They appeared a long time ago. Back then, they were built with stones, ropes and logs(原木). 　1　 This is because we have better technology today.  　2　 Let’s take a closer look at each one.  Arch(拱) bridges were invented a long time ago by the Romans. They were built out of stone or brick(砖). Beam bridges have horizontal(水平的) beams supported by many columns(柱子). 　3　 These bridges are very old as well, and people used stone and trees to build them.  Suspension bridges have a tower(索塔) on either side. The towers are connected by cables. They are more modern. An outstanding example of the oldest existing stone arch bridge in the world is the Zhaozhou Bridge in China.　4　 But if you’re looking for one of the most beautiful and famous bridges, it would be the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. It’s a suspension bridge built in 1933. It is 2.78 kilometers long. If you think that’s long, you should see the Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge in China. It’s over 164.85 kilometers long! 　5　  A.It’s an arch bridge made out of stone that was built around 595-605 AD. B.The three main types of bridges are arch bridges, beam bridges and suspension bridges. C.But today, bridges are bigger, stronger and more modern. D.The columns take the weight of the people and vehicles passing on the beam. E.It’s the world’s longest bridge. [语篇解读]　本文介绍了不同类型的桥。 1.C　根据“Back then, they were built with stones, ropes and logs.”以及“This is because we have better technology today.”可知,此处对比了过去建桥和如今建桥的不同之处,D选项“但今天,桥梁更大,更坚固,更现代”符合语境,故选C。 2.B　根据“Let’s take a closer look at each one.”以及下文的描述可知,此处介绍了三种不同类型的桥,B选项“三种主要的桥梁类型是拱桥、梁桥和吊桥”符合语境,故选B。 3.D　根据“Beam bridges have horizontal beams supported by many columns.”可知,梁桥有由许多柱子支撑的水平梁,D选项“这些柱子承担了通过横梁的人和车辆的重量”符合语境,故选D。 4.A　根据“An outstanding example of the oldest existing stone arch bridge in the world is the Zhaozhou Bridge in China.”可知,此处介绍的是世界上现存最古老的石拱桥的杰出代表赵州桥,A选项“这是一座建于约公元595-605年间的石拱桥”符合语境,故选A。 5.E　根据“If you think that’s long, you should see the Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge in China. It’s over 164.85 kilometers long!”可知,此处介绍了比金门大桥还要长的桥,E选项“它是世界上最长的桥”符合语境,故选E。 六．阅读理解 请阅读下面的非连续性文本,按要求完成所给任务。 From homes and schools to hospitals and factories, robots are part of our lives. Today, people around the world are using many kinds of robots. They do dangerous, hard or boring jobs and make our lives easier. Let’s meet some of them.  I am Lovot from Japan. Look at my strong body, round head and big eyes. I look like a cat and a teddy bear! You can make fun of me and I’ll laugh. You can talk to me and I’ll move my arms up and down to ask you for a hug (拥抱). Hey, your hamburger is here! I am Rice, a delivery robot from China. I work in shopping centers or offices. I use maps to get around. I can move 4 km per hour. I use elevators (电梯) to go up and down. What do you want? I am on my way to bringing it to you. Do I look like a dog? I am Spot from the US. I can do many things. I can climb stairs, walk and carry heavy things. With my arms, I can open doors, tidy up rooms and plant flowers in gardens. I work in places that are dangerous for humans. I am also good at answering people’s questions, and I am good at playing soccer, dancing and teaching kids. Will robots replace (代替) us? 　　Robots make our lives easier and better. But they can also cause trouble. One big problem is that we are losing our jobs! Robot salesmen, robot cooks, robot drivers...Have you ever seen them? They will replace all of us one day. What do you think? 　　I don’t think robots will replace humans. They don’t know how to solve unexpected (意外的) problems. For example, a robot teacher can give us lessons. But it usually tells what the textbook says. It cannot answer our questions very well. 1.Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  2.What does Lovot look like? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.Where does Rice work? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  4.Which robot is helpful to your housework? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  5.How many robots are mentioned (提及) in the passage? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  6.Do you think robots will replace us in the future? Why or why not? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  [语篇解读]　本文首先介绍了三个机器人,然后讨论了一个问题:机器人将会取代人类吗? 1.它们做危险的、难做的或者无聊的工作,并且它们使我们的生活更加舒适。 2.Lovot has a strong body, round head and big eyes. It looks like a cat and a teddy bear.　根据第二段中的“Look at my strong body, round head and big eyes. I look like a cat and a teddy bear!”可知答案。 3.It works in shopping centers or offices.　根据短文第三段中的“I am Rice...I work in shopping centers or offices.”可知,机器人Rice在购物中心或办公室工作。 4.Spot.　根据短文第四段的“I am Spot from the US...With my arms, I can open doors, tidy up rooms...”可知答案。 5.Three robots. 6.Yes. Because robots in the future will be very smart and intelligent./No. Because humans make robots to help us. They will control robots.　答案不唯一,只要句子正确,无语法错误即可。 $$ Unit 3 Make it happen! （Understanding ideas） ( 单词学习 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.fair /feə/ n. 展览会 2.block /blok/ n. 一块（木头、石头等） 3.artificial /ˌaɪtˈfrʃəl/ adj. 人造的 4.hook /huk/ n. 挂钩 5.cost /kosɪ/ v. 价格为…… 6.lend /lend/ v. 搭把手；借出 7.3 D /ˌθriːˈdiː/ adj. 三维的（three dimensional） 8.printer /ˈprɪntə/ n. 打印机 9.brain /breɪn/ n. 大脑 10.signal /ˈsɪɡnəl/ n. 信号 11.weigh /wei/ v. 重量为…… 12.kilogram /ˈkɪləɡræn/ n. 千克 13.fix /fiks/ v. 解决问题 14.invention /ɪnˈvenʃən/ n. 发明物 15.download /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ v. 下载 16.apply /əˈplai/ v. 应用 17.smart /smɑːt/ adj. 智能的 18.machine /məˈʃiːn/ n. 机器 19.warn /wɔːn/ v. 警告 20.congratulation /kənˌɡreɪtʃəˈleiʃən/ n. 祝贺 21.advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ n. 广告 22.everyday /ˈevridət/ adj. 日常的 23.trouble /ˈtrʌbəl/ v. 使苦恼 24.imaginative /ɪˈmædʒənətɪv/ adj. 富有想象力的 ( 课文解析 ) Starting out ❶ Look at the picture and answer the questions. 1 What differences between the lives of ancient people and ours do you know? 2 What caused these differences? ❷ Look at the picture and answer the questions. 1 What are these inventions? 2 How have they changed our lives? Understanding ideas ❶ Look at the word cloud and predict. What’s the passage about? ❷ Read the passage and check your answer. A helping hand 1 Easton LaChappelle, a 14-year-old student, stood beside his work at a science fair. It was a robotic arm. He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line. 2 “Hello,” said a girl with an artificial arm, as she shook hands with Easton's work. 3 This was the first time Easton met Jenny. She was born without an arm. Her artificial arm was just a simple hook, but it cost$80,000. What's worse, children like her grow quickly and need new arms all the time. 4 “It blew me away! I built my arm for only $300," thought Easton. "I must lend a hand to people like her." 5 After the fair, Easton's room became a lab. He stayed there all day. He always tried to improve his work. For his 16th birthday, Easton got a 3-D printer. And with it, he invented an artificial arm. It was able to move with brain signals of the user. But it wasn't good enough yet: the arm weighed 3.6 kilograms. It was too heavy for a child. 6 Easton kept working on it. He enjoyed fixing problems one after another. And finally he hit on success at age 23. His design only weighed 0.5 kilograms and cost around $500! 7 Easton's invention has helped many children. He didn't want to make money from it. He decided to post his design online... for free! People can download the design and make an artificial arm with their own 3-D printers! 8 What a helping hand! 援助之手 1伊斯顿·拉查佩尔，一名14岁的学生，在一次科学博览会上站在他的作品旁边。这是一个机械臂。他用塑料块和钓鱼线建造了它。 2“你好，”一个戴着假肢的女孩一边说，一边和伊斯顿的作品握手。 这是伊斯顿第一次见到珍妮。她天生就没有手臂。她的假肢只是一个简单的钩子，但花了8万美元。更糟糕的是，像她这样的孩子长得很快，总是需要新的手臂。 伊斯顿想：“这让我大吃一惊！我只花了300美元就造了我的手臂。我必须帮助像她这样的人。” 集市结束后，伊斯顿的房间变成了实验室。他在那里呆了一整天。他总是努力改进自己的工作。伊斯顿16岁生日时买了一台3D打印机。有了它，他发明了一个人工手臂。它能够根据用户的大脑信号移动。但这还不够好：手臂重3.6公斤。它对一个孩子来说太重了。 伊斯顿继续努力。他喜欢一个接一个地解决问题。最后，他在23岁时取得了成功。他的设计重量只有0.5公斤，成本约为500美元！ 伊斯顿的发明帮助了许多孩子。他不想从中赚钱。他决定把他的设计发布到网上。。。免费！人们可以下载设计，用自己的3D打印机制作一个人工手臂！ 8多大的帮助啊！ ❸ Order the following events in the passage. _______ Easton made a robot arm with blocks and fishing line. _______Easton allowed people to use his design for free. _______ Easton and Jenny met at a science fair. _______Easton made an artificial arm with a 3-D printer. ❹ Complete the chart with the words and expressions from the passage. How did Easton come up with the idea? ( Where: At a(n) 1 _________________ Who: Jenny, a girl born 2 _________________ Problem to solve: Jenny's artificial arm cost $80,000. But children like her 3 _________________ , so they always need new arms. ) What are Easton's inventions? ( Age 14 : A robot arm. It was made from plastic blocks and 4 _________________ . Age 16 : An artificial arm. It could 5 _____________ with brain signals, but weighed 3.6 kilograms. Age 23: Another artificial arm. It 6 _____________ just 0.5 kilograms and 7 _____________ around $500. ) What did Easton do with his invention? ( He decided to post his 8 _________ online for free. People could make their own with 3-D printers. ) ❺ Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules. (a) He always tried to improve his work. (b) He enjoyed fixing problems one after another. Now find more sentences with these structures in the reading passage. ❻ Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in brackets. Lily's grandfather had Parkinson's disease, and he kept 1_________(knock) his drinks over. Lily decided 2 _________(design) a new cup to help him. She invented a cup with three legs. It can stand well on the table and Grandpa loved 3_________(use) it! ❼ Complete the news report with the correct form of the words in the box. ( Boy designs SMART STICK for the blind )apply have shake do make 17-year-old Shantanu Gangwar noticed a problem. Blind students at school had a hard time moving around. They wished 1_________ a smart machine to warn them about the objects in their way, so Shantanu decided 2_________ something to help. He invented a smart walking stick. It can sense objects nearby. Once it senses an object, it starts 3_________ to warn the user. Shantanu won an award and received many congratulations for his invention. However, he wanted 4_________ it even better. He also hoped 5_________it to real life after finishing high school. "We can produce a lot of these sticks and help more blind people, " he said. ❽ Work in pairs. Think of a problem and come up with an idea for an invention. Then write an advertisement for it. Use the words and expressions from the reading passage and the Useful expressions to help you. 1）What everyday problem do you face? 2）How does the problem trouble you? 3）What invention could solve the problem? (Be creative! You can be as imaginative as you want.) 4）How does the invention work? ( 知识解析1 ) 1 Easton LaChappelle, a 14-year-old student, stood beside his work at a science fair.伊斯顿·拉夏贝尔,一名 14 岁的学生，站在自己参加科技展览会的作品旁。（教材P36） fair /feə/ n. 展览会 There will be a book fair on the square this weekend.本周末将在广场上举办一场书展。 拓展 （1）［名词］集市 The Country fair is a common form of trading in China.乡村集市在中国是一种常见的贸易形式。 （2）［形容词］常见含义有： You must be fair to both sides.你必须公平对待双方。 She offered me a fair price for my record collection. 她给我收藏的唱片出了一个合理的价格。 She has fair hair and skin.她有着浅色的头发、白皙的皮肤。 2 He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line.他是用塑料积木和钓鱼线制作的。（教材P36） out of 由……制成，用……做成 We built the hen house out of wood.我们用木头搭建了这个鸡舍。 The necklace is made out of gold.这条项链是金制的。 拓展 out of构成的相关短语： out of business停业；歇业 out of work失业 out of breath喘不上气 out of order出故障 out of sight看不见 3 Her artificial arm was just a simple hook, but it cost $80,000.她的假肢只是一个简单的钩子，却花费了8万美元。（教材P36） cost /kɒst/ v. 价格为，需支付（某一数量的钱） 辨析 spend, take, pay与cost spend 主语通常是人 sb. spends time/money doing sth.某人花费时间/金钱做某事 sb. spends time/money on sth.某人在某事/某物上花费时间/金钱 take 通常用it作形式主语 it takes（sb.）some time to do sth.做某事花费（某人）多长时间 pay 主语通常是人 sb. pays some money for sth.某人为某物花费多少钱 cost 主语通常是物 sth. costs sb. some money某物花费某人多少钱 I spent 100 yuan on the present.我花了100元买这件礼物。 I am planning to pick up the new hobby in the summer holiday. I won’t spend my spare time on my mobile phone all day long. 我打算在暑假里培养新的爱好。我不会把业余时间都花在手机上。 It took me 20 minutes to get to school.我花了20分钟到达学校。 We paid 150 yuan for the meal.这顿饭我们花了150元。 The schoolbag cost me 50 yuan.这个书包花了我50元。 4 What’s worse, children like her grow quickly and need new arms all the time.更糟糕的是，像她这样的孩子长得快，经常需要新的假肢。（教材P36） what’s worse 更糟糕的是 用来引出一个更加糟糕或严重的情况，通常用来加重语气，强调比较。 I left my wallet at home, and what’s worse, my phone is out of power.我把钱包忘在家里了，更糟糕的是，我的手机没电了。 It’s raining, and what’s worse, I left my umbrella at home.天下起了雨，更糟糕的是，我把伞忘在家里了。 5 “It blew me away! I built my arm for only $300,” thought Easton. “这让我大吃一惊！我只花了 300 美元就造出了假肢。”伊斯顿心想。（教材P37） blow sb. away 使某人大吃一惊；（尤指比赛中）彻底击败 It just blows me away that everyone is so friendly here.我真是惊讶极了，这里的每一个人都如此友好。 Nancy blew away the rest of the skaters.南希横扫了其他滑冰选手。 6 I must lend a hand to people like her.我一定要帮助像她这样的人。（教材P37） lend /lend/ v. 帮助（某人）做事（尤指需要体力的事）；（给某人）搭把手 lend sb. a（helping）hand/ lend a（helping）hand to sb.帮助某人，向某人伸出援手 He was always glad to lend a helping hand.他总是乐于施以援手。 拓展 ［动词］借给；借出 对应词为borrow “借入；借来”。 lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 I lent my favourite book to Mary. = I lent Mary my favourite book.我把自己最喜欢的书借给了玛丽。 7 It was able to move with brain signals of the user. But it wasn’t good enough yet: the arm weighed 3.6 kilograms.它能随着使用者的大脑发出的信号移动。但它还不够好：这一假肢重达3.6千克。（教材P37） brain /breɪn/ n. 脑，大脑 To keep your brain in good condition, you need to use it.要让大脑处于良好的状态，你需要使用它。 拓展 ［名词］智力；脑力 She has a good brain.她很聪颖。 It takes much brain to think of something like that！能想得出那么个主意来是需要费很大脑筋的! weigh /weɪ/ v. 重，重量是…… 对重量提问常用“How much do/does...weigh?” “What do/does...weigh?”或“How heavy is/are...?”。 How much/What do you weigh?/How heavy are you? 你的体重是多少？ When Ya Ya was born in the Beijing Zoo, she weighed about 0.14 kilos.丫丫在北京动物园出生时大约140克重。 拓展 （1）weigh［动词］认真考虑；权衡 Laura spoke very slowly to people to weigh what she would say. 劳拉和人们说话非常慢，以便权衡她要说什么。 （2）weight［名词］重量；分量 put on/gain weight增加体重 lose weight减重 【语境串记】 She weighed 60 kilos months ago. Unsatisfied with that number, she decided to lose weight. 几个月前，她重60 千克。由于对那个数字不满意，她决定减肥。 8 He enjoyed fixing problems one after another.他对解决一个又一个问题乐此不疲。（教材P37） fix /fɪks/ v. 解决（问题） My friend is very confident that she can help me fix the problem.我朋友非常自信她能够帮我解决这个问题。 拓展 ［动词］修理 fix up修理；装饰 Andrew often fixes things for others.安德鲁经常帮别人修东西。 They fixed up the house before they moved in.他们把房子装修了以后才搬入。 9 Easton’s invention has helped many children.伊斯顿的发明帮助了许多孩子。（教材P37） invention /ɪnˈvenʃən/ n.发明（物）（如机器、工具、仪器等） Necessity is the mother of invention.需求是发明之母。 【语境串记】 Edison invented a lot of things. He is a great inventor and he is famous for his inventions. 爱迪生发明了许多东西。他是一位伟大的发明家，他因他的发明物而闻名。 10 People can download the design and make an artificial arm with their own 3-D printers!人们可以下载设计图，用自己的 3D 打印机制作假肢！（教材P37） download /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ v.下载（信息或程序） You can download the app for free.你可以免费下载该应用程序。 拓展 ［名词］下载；已下载的数据资料 app/file downloads应用/文件下载 This book is available as a free download.该书可免费下载。 11 What a helping hand!多大的帮助啊！（教材P37） what引导的感叹句 本句结构为：What+a/an（+形容词）+单数名词！ What a beautiful garden!多么漂亮的花园啊！ What a surprise！真是没料到的事！ 拓展 what型感叹句的其他结构： （1）What+形容词+可数名词复数（+主语+谓语）！ What interesting movies（they are）!（它们是）多么有趣的电影啊！ （2）What+形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！ What delicious food!多么美味的食物啊！ 12 Boy designs SMART STICK for the blind男孩为盲人设计智能手杖（教材P39） smart /smɑ:t/ adj.智能的 smartphone智能手机 smart machine智能机器 Today, can you live without your smartphone? 如今，你能在没有智能手机的情况下生活吗? I bought a smart washing machine last week.我上周买了一台智能洗衣机。 拓展 ［形容词］聪明的；衣着讲究的 She is a beautiful and smart girl.她是一个既美丽又聪明的女孩。 You look smart in that suit.你穿上那套衣服显得很精神。 13 They wished to have a smart machine to warn them about the objects in their way, so Shantanu decided to do something to help.他们希望有一台智能机器来提醒他们前方路上的障碍物，于是Shantanu决定做点什么来帮忙。（教材P39） warn /wɔ:n/ v.警告，告诫；提醒 I warned her not to go near the dog.我警告她不要靠近那条狗。 The message warned us of/about possible danger.这条信息警告我们注意潜在的危险。 He warned me against going there at night.他告诫我不要晚上去那儿。 Experts warn that eating too much chocolate is bad for health.专家警告说吃太多巧克力对健康有害。 14 Shantanu won an award and received many congratulations for his invention. Shantanu 因为他的发明赢得了一个奖项并收到了许多祝贺。（教材P39） congratulation /kənˌgrætʃəˈleɪʃən/ n.恭喜，祝贺 其复数形式为congratulations，通常用于祝贺成功、获奖、结婚、生日、毕业等场合。 congratulations to sb.（on sth.）（因某事）祝贺某人 Congratulations! You won first prize at the speech contest. 恭喜！你在演讲比赛中得了一等奖。 Congratulations to you on success.祝贺你的成功。 15 How does the problem trouble you?这个问题给你带来了什么困扰？（教材P40） trouble /ˈtrʌbəl/ v. 使忧虑，使苦恼 This latest news troubled him deeply.这个最新消息使他深为烦恼。 拓展 （1）［及物动词］麻烦 trouble sb. to do sth.麻烦某人做某事 trouble sb. with sth.因某事麻烦某人 Could I trouble you to open the window?麻烦你把窗户打开好吗？ I don’t want to trouble the doctor with such a small problem.我不想因为这个小毛病麻烦医生。 （2）［不可数名词］麻烦；困境 be in trouble 遇到麻烦;处于困难中 get/run into trouble陷入困境 be out of trouble摆脱困境 have trouble with sth.在某事上有困难 have trouble（in）doing sth. 做某事有麻烦/困难 When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you.当你在学校遇到麻烦时，你的朋友会帮你。 If I don’t get this finished on time, I’ll get into trouble.我如果不把此事按时完成，就会陷入困境。 We have trouble working out the problem.我们解出这道题有困难。 【语境串记】 Don’t trouble（v.） trouble（n.） until trouble（n.） troubles（v.） you. 不要自寻烦恼。 16 Be creative! You can be as imaginative as you want.要有创意！你可以尽情发挥想象力。（教材P40） imaginative /ɪˈmædʒənətɪv/ adj.富有想象力的；创新的 由“imagine（v.想象）去词尾的e再加-ative”构成。 He is an imaginative writer.他是位富有想象力的作家。 We have to think of an imaginative solution to the litter problem.我们必须想出一个解决乱扔垃圾问题的有创意的办法。 ( 语法学习 ) 动词不定式和动名词作宾语 考向1 接动词不定式作宾语的常见动词 后接动词不定式作宾语的常见动词（短语）有: 拒绝、选择和同意（refuse、choose、agree） 期望、决定和学习（expect、decide、learn） 宁可、假装和计划（prefer、pretend、plan） 希望、想要和愿意（wish/hope、want、would like） We chose to go there by train.我们选择了乘火车去那里。 Tina decided to go to Hainan for her holidays.蒂娜决定去海南度假。 He’s learning to dance.他正在学跳舞。 I would like to drink a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。 考向2 接动名词作宾语的常见动词 后接动名词（短语）作宾语的常见动词（短语）有：enjoy、finish、keep、mind、practise、suggest、feel like、 can’t help、look forward to、have trouble等。 I don’t mind waiting a little longer.我不介意再多等一会儿。 Tracey suggested meeting for a drink after work.特蕾西提议下班后一起见面喝一杯。 考向3 既能接动词不定式又能接动名词作宾语的常见动词 有些动词既可接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，但两者含义不同。 remember to do sth.记得要做某事 Please remember to post the letters. 请记得寄这几封信。 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 I remember posting your letters. 我记得已经寄出了你的信。 forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 I forgot to go to the post office. 我忘了去邮局。 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 I forgot going to the post office. 我忘了我去过邮局了。 try to do sth. 设法做某事；努力做某事 Try to be nice to him. 要尽量对他友好。 try doing sth.试着做某事 Try being nice to him. 试着对他友好。 mean to do sth.打算做某事 What do you mean to do? 你打算做什么？ mean doing sth.意味着做某事 His words mean refusing us. 他的话意味着拒绝我们。 ( 综合训练 ) 一、词汇考查，从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最恰当的一项。 1. Easton built the robotic arm ______ plastic blocks and fishing line. A. out of B. in C. on D. at 2. The artificial arm ______ $80,000, which was too expensive for children. A. cost B. took C. spent D. paid 3. Easton decided to ______ his design online for free. A. download B. upload C. post D. invent 4. Benjamin Franklin was ______ about electricity and did many experiments. A. curious B. brave C. selfish D. careful 5. The lightning rod ______ buildings from lightning. A. protects B. prevents C. warns D. invents 6. Wan Hu was a ______ of space exploration in the Ming Dynasty. A. scientist B. pioneer C. inventor D. doctor 7. Zhang Heng invented the first ______ detector to predict earthquakes. A. weather B. space C. earthquake D. lightning 8. The Post-it Note was invented ______ accident by Arthur Fry. A. on B. by C. in D. with 9. The smart walking stick can ______ blind people about nearby objects. A. warn B. help C. make D. do 10. Curiosity is the key ______ new discoveries. A.of B. to C. for D. in 二、语法考查，从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。 1. He enjoyed ______ problems one after another. A. to solve B. solving C. solve D. solved 2. Lily decided ______ a new cup for her grandfather. A. design B. to design C. designing D. designed 3. The invention ______ by a 17-year-old boy last year. A. is made B. was made C. made D. makes 4. ______ the failure, he kept working on his invention. A. Despite B. Although C. If D. Because 5. They spent years ______ the sky and the earth. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studied 6. ______ curious he is about the new machine! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 7. The boy invented a stick ______ frozen juice. A. to hold B. holding C. held D. hold 8. She wished ______ a scientist when she grew up. A. becoming B. to become C. become D. became 9. The exhibition hall ______ many great inventions yesterday. A. shows B. showed C. has shown D. will show 10. ______ is important to share invention ideas with others. A. This B. That C. It D. What 三．用所给词的适当形式填空及根据首字母填空。 1.He is an        (invent),he       (invent)lots of       (invent). 2. She        (realize) she was wrong yesterday. 3. The       (price) is so high, it is so       (expensive) . 4. Surfing the internet is        (popular) among teenagers. 5. The idea is       (practice), we will take this diet. 6. This toy is        (special) ,and I have never seen it before. 7. She created many famous works,and she was        .(create)  四.完形填空 China has become stronger and stronger in recent years. Many foreigners can’t believe that China has developed so fast and feel 　1　. They see high-speed trains, Alipay, shared bikes and online shopping as the 　2　 Four Great Inventions of China. Some of them 　3　 the influences(影响) of the new inventions. The following is what they said.  Justin: I’m from Romania. The high-speed trains are very 　4　, convenient and tidy. It takes me only about five hours from Beijing to Shanghai by train. It 　5　 a lot of time.  Yala: I’m from Nepal. The bicycle-sharing system allows people to get a bike from point “A” and 　6　 it at point “B”. It’s convenient, and it’s also a low-carbon(低碳的) and healthy way of life. I like it very much.  Arcbana: My life in Beijing is quite different from that in India. Here in China, I 　7　 take notes(纸币) with me when I go out. I can pay with Alipay most of the time. It’s amazing. However, in India, if you don’t take 　8　 with you, you’ll be in trouble.  Bond: I find many 　9　 between China and our country. We don’t have Taobao or other online shopping apps. With these apps, I can 　10　 easily without stepping out of the doors in China.  1.A.surprised B.nervous C.sad D.angry 2.A.old B.new C.young D.small 3.A.depended on B.looked for C.talked about D.gave up 4.A.fast B.short C.slow D.heavy 5.A.takes B.saves C.changes D.works 6.A.borrow B.buy C.keep D.return 7.A.seldom B.sometimes C.often D.usually 8.A.water B.money C.rubbish D.food 9.A.promises B.connections C.differences D.problems 10.A.run B.swim C.read D.shop 五.语篇补全 　　根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。每个选项只能用一次。 Bridges are built over roads, rivers, or railways. They appeared a long time ago. Back then, they were built with stones, ropes and logs(原木). 　1　 This is because we have better technology today.  　2　 Let’s take a closer look at each one.  Arch(拱) bridges were invented a long time ago by the Romans. They were built out of stone or brick(砖). Beam bridges have horizontal(水平的) beams supported by many columns(柱子). 　3　 These bridges are very old as well, and people used stone and trees to build them.  Suspension bridges have a tower(索塔) on either side. The towers are connected by cables. They are more modern. An outstanding example of the oldest existing stone arch bridge in the world is the Zhaozhou Bridge in China.　4　 But if you’re looking for one of the most beautiful and famous bridges, it would be the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. It’s a suspension bridge built in 1933. It is 2.78 kilometers long. If you think that’s long, you should see the Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge in China. It’s over 164.85 kilometers long! 　5　  A.It’s an arch bridge made out of stone that was built around 595-605 AD. B.The three main types of bridges are arch bridges, beam bridges and suspension bridges. C.But today, bridges are bigger, stronger and more modern. D.The columns take the weight of the people and vehicles passing on the beam. E.It’s the world’s longest bridge. 六．阅读理解 请阅读下面的非连续性文本,按要求完成所给任务。 From homes and schools to hospitals and factories, robots are part of our lives. Today, people around the world are using many kinds of robots. They do dangerous, hard or boring jobs and make our lives easier. Let’s meet some of them.  I am Lovot from Japan. Look at my strong body, round head and big eyes. I look like a cat and a teddy bear! You can make fun of me and I’ll laugh. You can talk to me and I’ll move my arms up and down to ask you for a hug (拥抱). Hey, your hamburger is here! I am Rice, a delivery robot from China. I work in shopping centers or offices. I use maps to get around. I can move 4 km per hour. I use elevators (电梯) to go up and down. What do you want? I am on my way to bringing it to you. Do I look like a dog? I am Spot from the US. I can do many things. I can climb stairs, walk and carry heavy things. With my arms, I can open doors, tidy up rooms and plant flowers in gardens. I work in places that are dangerous for humans. I am also good at answering people’s questions, and I am good at playing soccer, dancing and teaching kids. Will robots replace (代替) us? 　　Robots make our lives easier and better. But they can also cause trouble. One big problem is that we are losing our jobs! Robot salesmen, robot cooks, robot drivers...Have you ever seen them? They will replace all of us one day. What do you think? 　　I don’t think robots will replace humans. They don’t know how to solve unexpected (意外的) problems. For example, a robot teacher can give us lessons. But it usually tells what the textbook says. It cannot answer our questions very well. 1.Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  2.What does Lovot look like? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.Where does Rice work? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  4.Which robot is helpful to your housework? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  5.How many robots are mentioned (提及) in the passage? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  6.Do you think robots will replace us in the future? Why or why not? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  $$