Unit6 Disastre and Hope阅读完形提高训练- 2024-2025学年高一英语专项提高训练必刷好题（外研版2019必修第三册)

Unit6 Disaster and Hope阅读完形提高训练 - 2024-2025学年高一英语专项提高训练必刷好题 （外研版2019必修第三册） 一、阅读理解 Passage1.Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland’s volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland, Scotland and Norway. WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic ash is potentially dangerous for people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled particles (微粒) can enter the lungs and cause respiratory (呼吸的) problems. And he also said Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a mask. Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health and said WHO’s warnings were “hysterical”. They said volcanic ash was much less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic ash is made of fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock. It is light gray to black and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people. But once it falls from a greater distance—like from the cloud currently hovering above Europe— its health effects are often minimal, experts say. “Not all particles are created equal,” said Ken Donaldson, a professor of respiratory toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, “In the great scheme of things, volcanic ash is not all that harmful.” And he said most Europeans’ exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk. Dr. Stephen Spiro, a professor of respiratory medicine and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation, said the further the particles travel, the less dangerous they will be. “The cloud has already passed over northern Scotland and we haven’t heard of any ill effects there,” he said. Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was “over the top” and “a bit hysterical” 1．What can you team in paragraph 3? A．The volcanic ash had no impact on Europeans. B．Other experts highly approved of WHO’s warnings. C．The volcanic ash posed more risks than cigarette smoke. D．Even healthy people could experience discomfort due to the ash. 2．According to Ken Donaldson, who are most likely to be at risk due to the volcanic ash? A．Europeans living in big cities. B．People who often smoke cigarettes. C．Those staying outdoors for a long time. D．People in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano. 3．What does the underlined word “hysterical” in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Amazing. B．Practical. C．Valuable. D．Overstated. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Panic caused by volcanic ash. B．WHO’s warnings on volcanic ash. C．Views on volcanic ash’s health risks. D．Volcanic ash’s environmental effects. Passage2.Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly (有规律地). Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous. The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska. Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2000 people died. In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, the Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake. One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China, in which about 80 000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 2008. Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People can not prepare for it. 1．Earthquakes happen ________. A．in all the places in the world B．only in the countries that have a lot of mountains C．regularly in most places in the world D．only in a few places along the mountains 2．How many people died in the earthquake which happened in Portugal in 1755？ A．About 500. B．About 140 000. C．About 400 000. D．About 2000. 3．When and where was the worst earthquake ever recorded？ A．1964; Alaska. B．2008; China. C．1923; Japan. D．1976; China. 4．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A．The stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed. B．Earthquakes can cause fires. C．People still don’t know how to tell when an earthquake will come. D．Earthquakes often come unexpectedly (出乎意料地). Passage3.A new study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research reveals a surprising finding. The common practice of building seaside dams (水坝) to prevent flooding may actually lead to more intense seaside flood events. Those massive projects are becoming increasingly popular globally. This is in part to prevent the effects of intensifying storms, seawater attack, and sea level rise due to climate change. However, the study challenges the assumption that all of the seaside dams are effective flood prevention measures. By analyzing the data from Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, researchers found that seaside dams don’t necessarily reduce flooding. They can either increase or decrease flood risks, depending on factors like the length of time of a surge (涨潮) event and the shape of the basin (盆地). Lead author Steven Dykstra noted that the shape of the basin can cause storm surges to grow rather than decrease as one might expect when moving inland. After using Charleston Harbor as a case study, researchers employed computer modeling to assess the flood response at 23 other sites, both dammed and natural. The models confirmed that the basin shape and its shortening by a dam are crucial in determining how storm surges move inland. In dammed environments, waves can accumulate (聚集) and grow under the right length of time. Steven Dykstra emphasized the concern that people might not realize they were in a seaside influenced zone. Sea level rise is making those far inland aware of their weakness to seaside effects, often through massive floods. 1．How did people use to view the seaside dam? A．It decreased the frequency of storms. B．It prevented the river-ocean interaction. C．It slowed down the rise in sea level. D．It protected seaside areas from threats. 2．Why do waves increase where there are seaside dams? A．Seaside dams extend the lasting time of waves. B．Seaside dams decrease the length of a basin. C．Seaside dams change the directions of waves. D．Seaside dams stop rivers from reaching the sea. 3．What’s the best title for the text? A．Seaside Dams Can Worsen Flood B．Seaside Surges Impact More than Seaside C．Seaside Dams Are Less Useful at Seaside Areas D．The Latest Model Arises New Concerns Passage4.January 2025 was the hottest January in recorded human history, with global temperatures entering record territory according to Copernicus Climate Change Service and Atmosphere Monitoring Service and ECMWF ERA5 dataset. Climate scientist Zeke Hausfather said that January 2025 was warmer than every January measured by scientists, surpassing the last record set in January 2024 by a sizable margin (幅度). “This means that January 2025 stands out as abnormal even by the standards of the last two years,” Hausfather explains. Scientists expected this January to be cooler than previous Januaries because of the ocean current cycles like El Niño and La Niña. Yet those predictions (预测) did not come to pass. “We don’t have El Niño to kick around anymore,” Yulsman said. “Its impacts actually disappeared months ago. Adding to the puzzle is the fact that we’re in the midst of a La Niña, which typically cools things down.” The year 2024 was the warmest year in modern history, with average global temperatures surpassing 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels for the first time ever. The Atlantic hurricane (飓风) season was unusually extreme, droughts and wildfires causing widespread suffering. Humans emitted (排放) a record-breaking 37.4 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, though. The total carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased from 280 ppm before the Industrial Revolution to 420 ppm as of 2023, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “This human release of heat-trapping gasses is the primary cause of the increases in extreme weather like flood, drought, heatwaves and generally unusual weather that we are all experiencing,” Dr. Twila Moon, the deputy lead scientist at the National Snow and Ice Data Center, said. “It is well known that reducing these emissions is key to minimizing risk and damage into the future. And how to achieve these reductions is well mapped out with the technology to do it. The pressure is now focused on social, cultural, business and political will.” 1．Why did scientists fail to predict the temperature of January 2025? A．The reference data was limited. B．Ocean current cycles changed sharply. C．La Niña didn’t function as expected. D．The influence of El Niño continued. 2．What do the figures in paragraph 4 mainly show? A．Climate cycles have their own natural phenomena. B．La Niña’s effect is weaker than scientists expected. C．Emissions continue despite worsening climate impacts. D．Global temperatures experience regular ups and downs. 3．What do Dr. Twila Moon’s words suggest in the last paragraph? A．Technology is still the barrier. B．Action falls behind solutions. C．Climate change is unavoidable. D．Governments refuse teamwork. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The record warmth in January 2025 and its causes. B．The global impact of El Niño and La Niña in 2025. C．The technological solutions for reducing carbon emissions. D．The history of climate change research and its key findings. Passage5.Massive flooding in America’s Yellowstone National Park caused widespread damage and resulted in many changes. The recent floodwaters changed the path of a river popular for fishing. It also damaged homes, bridges and roadways. Yellowstone became America’s first national park in 1872. It is known for its natural beauty that includes mountains, rivers and lakes. The forces of fire and ice have shaped the park for thousands of years. It is a place where visitors can get close to different kinds of wildlife. Flooding caused by heavy rains and melting mountain snow did cause a lot of damage. It drove more than 10,000 visitors out of the park. The rain also damaged hundreds of homes in nearby communities. Luckily, no one was reported hurt. However, the park could remain closed for up to one week. Some entrances might not open all summer. The water also washed away camp structures, flooded small towns and cut power to parts of southern Montana and northern Wyoming. The event happened as the park was beginning its busy summer season and received millions of summer visitors. The Yellowstone River was running at a historically high level of 4.9 meters as it flowed past Billings, Montana’s largest city. The city got its water from the river and was forced to close its treatment plant because it couldn’t operate effectively with water levels that high. Billings officials said the city only had a 24-hour supply of water. They were asking people to protect water until the river could drop and the plant could restart operations. “None of us planned a 500-year flood event on the Yellowstone when we designed the equipment,” said Debi Meling, the city’s director of public works. Yellowstone officials said, “The northern half of the park is likely to remain closed over the summer. This will greatly affect local economies that depend on summer tourists. But we have faith in the park repairs and economic recovery.” 1．What makes Yellowstone National Park special? A．It is America’s largest national park. B．It has rich cultural human activities. C．It possesses diverse natural scenery and wildlife. D．It suffers widespread damage and many changes. 2．What can we learn about flooding from paragraph 3? A．The bad effects it caused. B．The time it lasted. C．The repairs all the people did. D．The wildlife hurt in it. 3．What happened to the treatment plant in Billings after flooding? A．It had to stop working due to the water rising. B．It was forced to treat water for the city as usual. C．It was asked to restart the equipment to protect water. D．It merely cut down the city’s water supply for 24 hours. 4．What’s the attitude of Yellowstone officials to the rebuilding work after flooding? A．Keen. B．Incredible. C．Unconcerned. D．Confident. Passage6.A Global warming is the primary reason for China recording above-average temperatures, a meteorological (气象的) expert said, as data showed that 2024 was the warmest year since 1961, when the country began compiling complete meteorological observation records. The nation’s average temperature reached 10.92℃ last year, 1.03℃ higher than the historical average, making it the warmest year on record, according to the China Meteorological Administration. “Global warming has led to phenomena such as rising sea levels and glacier melt, which continue to impact China. For instance, it has significantly increased the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, resulting in more frequent and lasting heat waves while reducing the occurrence of cold events,” said Shi Ying, a researcher at the National Climate Center. Natural climate variability such as the El Nino (厄尔尼诺) phenomenon — the unusual warming of water surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean — has also played a role in rising temperatures. “During the declining period of an El Nino event, typically the following year, global average temperatures tend to rise, potentially increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events and enlarging global warming,” Shi said. On Dec. 30, the World Meteorological Organization also announced that 2024 is set to be the warmest year on record, covering a decade of unprecedented heat fueled by human activities. The year 2025 has begun with warmer-than-average temperatures. On Wednesday afternoon, much of the south area of the Yangtze River experienced temperatures exceeding 15℃, which is far from the biting cold typically expected during winter. Shi said that extreme heat events in China are projected to increase in frequency, with longer period and broader impact. “Under high emission situation, an extreme heat event that currently occurs once in 50 years could occur every one or two years by the end of the 21st century,” Shi said. She suggested developing early-warning systems for climate risks, focusing on the spatial — temporal patterns (空间—时间模式) of extreme events such as heat waves. “We need to conduct detailed assessments of the impacts of extreme weather events on key sections.” she added. Measures should also be taken to develop monitoring and risk-warning technologies. There is no doubt that these measures will surely have a positive impact on the future. 1．What was the main reason for China recording above-average temperatures in 2024? A．Increased industrial activities. B．Unusual weather patterns. C．Global warming. D．Urbanization. 2．What is mentioned as a result of global warming in China? A．Decreased frequency of heat waves. B．Rising sea levels and glacier melt. C．Increased frequency of cold events. D．Reduced intensity of extreme weather events. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the measures suggested by Shi Ying? A．Doubtful. B．Negative. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Global Warming: A Worldwide Threat B．China’s 2024: The Warmest Year on Record C．Extreme Weather in China: Frequency and Intensity D．Climate Change in China: Causes and Consequences Passage7.Destructive earthquakes rock the world from time to time. Nothing can be done to prevent them from striking. The best way to ease these future disasters is to draw maps of the underworld, recording every fault (断层) and tracking its behavior. To create those maps, researchers employ machines that sense and record all sorts of vibrations (震动). This work, historically, has sometimes been inaccurate. When Zachary Ross, an assistant geophysics professor, started in the field in the early 2010s, he tried to find a new way forward. “Even the best computer programs at the time missed certain earthquakes. There had to be a better way,” he says. He made the study in California which is so geologically active and there were more data than human experts alone could reasonably handle. In 2017 Ross started to focus on tiny quakes. They might be harmless, but that doesn’t make them unimportant — their waves can explain each fault they pass through, including the more precarious, stress­loaded ones that may one day crack and set off a disaster. Ross and his colleagues set an algorithm (算法) upon the seismic (地震的) record. The algorithm quickly identified nearly two million previously hidden tiny quakes. However, his program could only find earthquakes in the seismic record that it was taught to recognize. So Ross turned to more advanced tools: self­learning programs, software that could make predictions about the future — in this case, what a greatly wider variety of earthquakes might sound like. Very quickly, these programs found all sorts of unfamiliar-sounding quakes — later confirmed by human scientists. These AI learning programs can also be used to improve the speed and accuracy (精确度) of earthquake early­warning systems — largely autonomous (自主的) programs that forecast threats to life and property in the moments after an earthquake starts and send people emergency text messages before seismic waves reach them. But for all their promise, AI programs won’t replace human scientists. “They’re just tools,” Ross says — ones that in time, he believes, will become as ordinary as seismometers (地震仪) themselves. 1．What inspired Ross to carry out the new study? A．The massive amounts of data available. B．The geographical location of California. C．The limitation of the traditional method. D．The breakdown of the computer programs. 2．What does the underlined word “precarious” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Unusual. B．Unstable. C．Inaccessible. D．Informal. 3．What is the advantage of self­learning programs over Ross’ algorithm? A．They forecast new earthquakes. B．They help restore hidden faults. C．They rely on previous information. D．They use the best computer programs. 4．What do we know about the AI programs from the last paragraph? A．They will replace seismometers. B．They serve as an efficiency booster. C．They reduce the threats to life and property. D．They prevented seismic waves from reaching people. Passage8.New York City is sinking under the collective weight of all its buildings, a new study has found. Technically called subsidence (沉降), this gradual process could spell trouble for a city around which the sea level has been rising dramatically and is projected to rise between 20 and 76 centimeters by 2050. The study, published in the journal Earth’s Future, aims to show how high-rises in coastal areas could contribute to future flood risk and that measures should be taken to reduce the potentially dangerous impacts. The researchers calculated the mass of 1,084,954 buildings across the five districts of New York City and then used simulations (模拟) to calculate the effects of that weight on the ground, comparing that with satellite data showing the real surface geology. That analysis revealed the rate at which the city is sinking. “The average is about 1 to 2 millimeters a year, with some areas of greater subsidence up to about 4.5 millimeters a year,” said lead author Tom Parsons. Their modeling is far from perfect and the estimates only include the mass of buildings and their contents, not the roads, bridges, railways, and other paved areas. Even with those limitations, these new calculations have improved upon previous observations of subsidence in the city by factoring in the diverse geological makeup of the area, which includes sand, silt, and exposed bedrock. Subsidence can pose an even earlier flooding threat than sea level rise, the research suggests, and not just in New York City. “Other cities can learn from New York’s example. It is among the most heavily populated coastal areas in the world, with a large part of its critical infrastructure constructed in low-lying coastal areas,” said geophysicist Sophie Coulson, a postdoctoral fellow at Los Alamos National Laboratory. “Understanding how and why the landscape is changing, and identifying regions at the highest risk of flooding are essential for making the right preparations to reduce the rate of sea level rise over the long term.” 1．What is the purpose of the study published in the journal Earth’s Future? A．To analyze the high rate of sea level rise. B．To predict the exact amount of sea level rise by 2050. C．To propose measures to prevent New York City from over population- D．To show how flooding threats can result from tall buildings in coastal areas. 2．How did the researchers calculate the rate of the city’s sinking? A．By measuring the water levels around the city. B．By combining the modeled data with the actual C．By analyzing the existing data on the buildings’ weight. D．By simulating the satellite data of the city’s surface. 3．What makes this new study better than previous ones? A．It adopted the latest technology to make estimates. B．It provided estimated sinking data of New York City. C．It took the complex geology of New York into account. D．It examined all the factors that contribute to subsidence. 4．What does Sophie Coulson think should be done to slow sea level rise? A．Relocating residents from some coastal areas. B．Developing new technology for flood prevention. C．Building more critical infrastructure in low-lying areas. D．Recognizing areas most likely to be affected by flooding. Passage9.A storm surge (风暴潮) is a raised sea brought by tropical cyclones (热带气旋), also known as typhoons or hurricanes. These powerful storms produce strong winds that push the water into shore (岸), often causing flooding. A storm surge is mainly caused by the relationship between the winds and the ocean’s surface. The water rises where the winds are strongest. In addition, water is pushed in the direction the winds are blowing. The rotation (自转) of the Earth causes winds to move toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere (半球) and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere. If a cyclone develops in the Northern Hemisphere, the surge will be the largest in the right-forward part of the storm. In the Southern Hemisphere, the surge will be the largest in the left-forward part. Atmospheric pressure also plays a key role. In a cyclone the central pressure is lower than at its. edges. This pushes down the water in the outer parts of the storm, causing the water to rise in the center. More factors contribute to the strength of a storm surge as it comes to the coast. The water can reach as high as 10 meters if the storm surge happens at the same time as high tide. The coast’s slope (坡度) matters too shallow coasts flood more easily. The storm surges are a serious danger for coastal areas. They typically form in late summer when ocean temperatures are highest, providing the energy needed for cyclone development. Historically, storm surges have caused terrible losses. For example, the 1900 Hurricane Katrina in the U. S. claimed over 6,000 lives, while the 1970 Bhola Cyclone in Bangladesh resulted in about 500,000 deaths. Today, improvements in forecasting (预报) and warning help reduce damage done by a storm surge. Information about surges like speeds, heights and paths are provided, allowing communities to prepare and leave. Coastal communities can protect themselves against storm surges by protecting local wetlands, which can take in the water and the energy of storm surges. But unfortunately they have made way for the city development. 1．What is a main cause of storm surges? A．Heavy rainfall during cyclones. B．Strong winds pushing seawater ashore. C．Sudden rises of central pressure. D．Earth’s rotation redirecting the winds. 2．Where is a storm surge the largest in the Northern Hemisphere? A．Center of the cyclone. B．Coastal areas with wetlands. C．Right-forward part of the storm. D．Left-forward part of the cyclone. 3．Why does the text mention Hurricane Katrina and Bhola Cyclone? A．To show the increased cyclone frequency. B．To compare storm surges in two hemispheres. C．To explain the economic benefits of wetlands. D．To stress the damaging effects of storm surges. 4．What will the passage probably talk about next? A．Methods to forecast cyclone paths. B．Case studies of recent storm surges. C．Climate change’s impact on cyclones. D．Strategies to protect coastal wetlands. Passage10.I wasn’t prepared to be a climate refugee. Not after relocating my family from drought and wildfire California to the “climate shelter” of Asheville, N.C． But less than two months after we moved into our delightfully wooded, mild-weather community, we were forced to leave. On September 26, the hurricane made its way inland from the Gulf of Mexico through Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. Along its path, it tore apart community after community. And then it hit western Appalachia. At 2,000 feet above sea level and 300 miles from the coast, Asheville is a place where people went to get away from destructive hurricanes. That night, I couldn’t sleep. Trees crashed down around my home as emergency alerts sounded on my phone. Power lines went down. Roads flooded. Despite being within a mile of the French Broad River, we were not told to evacuate ahead of the storm. In the morning, after it seemed the worst had passed, a large pine tree crashed onto the roof directly above my young son’s bedroom while he was playing with LEGOs. He was thankfully unharmed, but it drove home the severity of what was happening around us. My young daughter held me tightly saying over and over, “I’m scared.” It was hard to get information about what was going on across Asheville. Within hours, we lost power, Internet and even cell service. A neighbor told me we could get information on the radio, so I sat in my car to listen to the local radio station’s updates. That’s how I learned that the water wasn’t safe to drink. The treatment plant was under eight feet of water and the distribution pipes had washed away. When we heard it would take weeks or longer to restore basic services, I made plans for my family to leave town. We were lucky—we lived near the one highway that was open, and had a full tank of gas and a place to go. So on Sunday we left Asheville to stay with family on the Outer Banks. 1．The author moved to Asheville, N.C． to ________. A．get closer to the Gulf of Mexico B．find a new job in South Carolina C．live near the French Broad River D．flee California’s drought and wildfire 2．What does the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph mean? A．The family found the house severely damaged. B．The family felt alarmed by the tree crashing down. C．The family decided to stay indoors despite the danger. D．The family realized the pleasure of playing with LEGOs. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 5? A．Disasters foster the bonds between the neighbours. B．The treatment plant should be built deep underwater. C．Timely access to information is vital during a disaster. D．Protecting water resources promotes a sense of community. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Consequences of a hurricane B．An account of a climate refugee C．Measures against the climate chaos D．California to Carolina: a failed escape 二、完形填空 Passage1.I was always unhappy about wind or rain. Although it was nothing unusual for the arrival of wind or rain, it caused inconvenience for me to go out, and sometimes it even created an awful atmosphere, so I 1 it strongly. On a rainy day a meteorologist (气象学家) I met was very 2 at my great anger caused by rain that made a little inconvenience for me. He asked, “Have you ever seen typhoon? Do you know what would happen to the world if there were no typhoon?” I 3 my head. I had no experience of how powerful it was when it almost blew away everything in its way. “Well, let me tell you,” the meteorologist said. “Without it the 4 of fresh water will be more serious, for it is a great source of water supply on earth. Without it, there would be a greater imbalance in the distribution (分布) of 5 . The equatorial (赤道的) area that receives the most sunshine on earth 6 entirely on typhoon to disperse (驱散) heat. Without typhoon, the tropics (热带地区) would be even 7 while the frigid zones much colder. As a result the temperate zones (温带) would 8 from the world...” 9 made me shortsighted. I disliked wind only because it messed up my hair. I hated rain 10 because I had to carry an umbrella. But I had no idea at all that typhoon — something much more violent and 11 than wind or rain — was a(n) 12 to the existence of mankind. So it is advisable for a man to stop to think for a moment 13 he complains (抱怨) about typhoon. “ 14 typhoon disappeared all together? What would the world become then?” The 15 will keep him calm and lead him closer to truth — he will be better aware of the world he lives in. 1．A．disliked B．refused C．fought D．punished 2．A．excited B．delighted C．puzzled D．encouraged 3．A．nodded B．shook C．lifted D．lowered 4．A．supply B．lack C．waste D．amount 5．A．time B．wealth C．energy D．warmth 6．A．moves B．depends C．keeps D．holds 7．A．better B．cooler C．hotter D．warmer 8．A．expand B．move C．disappear D．escape 9．A．Ignorance B．Knowledge C．Fear D．Preference 10．A．mainly B．simply C．partly D．totally 11．A．amazing B．boring C．exciting D．troubling 12．A．success B．advantage C．approach D．must 13．A．before B．since C．after D．until 14．A．What about B．What if C．Even if D．How come 15．A．answers B．theories C．complaints D．mysteries Passage2.On February 17 at 12:11 p. m., Bob and his friend were driving snowmobiles in the Shrine Bowl area. 1 , they accidentally caused an avalanche (雪崩), and Bob was completely buried. His friend didn’t 2 any time and quickly called 911, then began 3 him. Help came quickly. 4 dog teams and 27 rescuers were sent to the 4 . They also got support from the Rapid Avalanche Deployment (RAD) team. However, because of bad winter conditions, a “Flight for Life” helicopter couldn’t 5 help. Avalanche experts say that the survival 6 drops greatly after just 15 minutes under the snow. But against all 7 , at 1:13 p. m., over an hour after the avalanche, a searcher 8 a small piece of cloth sticking out of the debris (碎片). It turned out to be part of Bob’s airbag. Rescuers quickly 9 through the 0.6 — 0.7 meters of snow. Amazingly, they found Bob 10 and able to talk, even though he had been 11 for 65 minutes. All in all, he was in surprisingly good condition. He was taken to a waiting ambulance on a snowmobile, and then 12 to Summit Medical Center for treatment. The avalanche was quite large, which was about 150 meters wide and 100 meters long. It happened on a day with a high avalanche 13 after heavy storms. Bob’s family was extremely 14 for everyone’s efforts in the rescue. Their quick actions turned what could have been a deadly 15 into a remarkable survival story. 1．A．Gradually B．Sadly C．Happily D．Similarly 2．A．save B．schedule C．waste D．treasure 3．A．caring about B．running after C．giving up D．hunting for 4．A．scene B．company C．castle D．hospital 5．A．quit B．demand C．delay D．provide 6．A．training B．rate C．situation D．strategy 7．A．difficulties B．traditions C．threats D．expectations 8．A．decorated B．burned C．noticed D．hid 9．A．dug B．hiked C．skied D．drew 10．A．concerned B．awake C．stuck D．capable 11．A．inspired B．targeted C．trapped D．identified 12．A．referred B．jogged C．wheeled D．rushed 13．A．risk B．shelter C．survivor D．forecast 14．A．hungry B．impatient C．grateful D．proud 15．A．disease B．disaster C．research D．battle Passage3.Having an emergency plan and actually carrying it out are two entirely different things. People may have all the 1 in the world about what to do during a tornado but still freeze up (僵住) when it actually 2 . All that information and preparation would have been for 3 . 9-year-old Branson Baker did not 4 but instead quickly acted and saved his parents’ lives when their truck 5 during a tornado. The storm uprooted a tree, which hit their truck. Branson’s parents were injured and 6 in the truck. Thankfully, Branson was able to get out of the damaged truck. Instead of remaining frozen in 7 , the little guy started a mile-long walk to get help. Eventually, Branson returned to the 8 with help for his mother and father. Branson’s father, Wayne, said that his son 9 in a way that other children of his age or adults wouldn’t have. “Branson 10 action really quick,” Wayne said. “For a 9-year-old boy, he’s very 11 . Not many adults would have done what he did.” Wayne 12 that he could not be more proud of a son that could accept a 13 in that circumstance. Branson is 14 a hero, putting aside his fears and anxiety to save lives. We could really depend on someone who is as brave and calm if 15 were to come. 1．A．consideration B．knowledge C．appreciation D．expectation 2．A．disappears B．exists C．forms D．strikes 3．A．none B．nothing C．something D．everything 4．A．break down B．calm down C．look out D．reach out 5．A．slid B．survived C．crashed D．restarted 6．A．attacked B．locked C．lost D．stuck 7．A．peace B．patience C．fear D．surprise 8．A．tornado B．scene C．operation D．building 9．A．acted B．illustrated C．marched D．proceeded 10．A．dropped B．changed C．controlled D．took 11．A．courageous B．professional C．creative D．graceful 12．A．demanded B．explained C．insisted D．added 13．A．contribution B．challenge C．proposal D．protest 14．A．obviously B．luckily C．legally D．traditionally 15．A．aid B．chances C．disasters D．revival Passage4.In the morning, Slim got up and prepared breakfast for his wife as usual. Nicole, his wife, was listening to music in the bedroom. 1 , he felt that his body was shaking. Slim had the 2 response that there was an earthquake! He shouted quickly, “Dear, earthquake! Go to the toilet!” Nicole heard the shouting, 3 the first aid box quickly and ran into the toilet. The house was 4 even more dramatically. Bathroom was the next door to the kitchen. Slim picked up a kitchen 5 and two pieces of bread outside the kitchen. Slim tried to run along the wall to help Nicole. 6 , it got dark suddenly with an explosion. The house 7 down and many things fell from above. Nicole was quickly buried in 8 . She felt breathing very difficult. She tried to stand up, but 9 . A few minutes later, the land was 10 . Nicole heard the sound of short breath and thought it was Slim! She shouted to him but no 11 ! He probably fainted. Nicole kept saying his name and she finally heard a response. Two people encouraged and 12 each other. They knew that there must be a way to escape. Slim found that they were close and were 13 by the fallen stones and some powder. He started to dig with the kitchen knife. He felt 14 from his fingers. Finally, he removed the last piece of larger stones. Slim touched Nicole’s one hand, then dug the 15 stones of her body. Finally, Nicole had a steady breathing slowly. Two people sat on the ground and hugged together. 1．A．Unfortunately B．Actually C．Suddenly D．Really 2．A．rapid B．recent C．second D．best 3．A．used up B．found up C．put away D．took up 4．A．shaking B．burning C．falling D．moving 5．A．tool B．knife C．fork D．cook 6．A．Therefore B．However C．Instead D．Besides 7．A．lay B．kept C．crashed D．bent 8．A．pieces B．ashes C．dirt D．ruins 9．A．senseless B．impossible C．impractical D．invaluable 10．A．silent B．usual C．flat D．normal 11．A．hope B．sign C．response D．result 12．A．touched B．held C．called D．calmed 13．A．separated B．wrapped C．fastened D．limited 14．A．cold B．pain C．water D．warmth 15．A．sticking B．dealing C．spreading D．surrounding 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit6 Disaster and Hope阅读完形提高训练 - 2024-2025学年高一英语专项提高训练必刷好题 （外研版2019必修第三册） 一、阅读理解 Passage1.Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland’s volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland, Scotland and Norway. WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic ash is potentially dangerous for people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled particles (微粒) can enter the lungs and cause respiratory (呼吸的) problems. And he also said Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a mask. Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health and said WHO’s warnings were “hysterical”. They said volcanic ash was much less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic ash is made of fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock. It is light gray to black and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people. But once it falls from a greater distance—like from the cloud currently hovering above Europe— its health effects are often minimal, experts say. “Not all particles are created equal,” said Ken Donaldson, a professor of respiratory toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, “In the great scheme of things, volcanic ash is not all that harmful.” And he said most Europeans’ exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk. Dr. Stephen Spiro, a professor of respiratory medicine and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation, said the further the particles travel, the less dangerous they will be. “The cloud has already passed over northern Scotland and we haven’t heard of any ill effects there,” he said. Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was “over the top” and “a bit hysterical” 1．What can you team in paragraph 3? A．The volcanic ash had no impact on Europeans. B．Other experts highly approved of WHO’s warnings. C．The volcanic ash posed more risks than cigarette smoke. D．Even healthy people could experience discomfort due to the ash. 2．According to Ken Donaldson, who are most likely to be at risk due to the volcanic ash? A．Europeans living in big cities. B．People who often smoke cigarettes. C．Those staying outdoors for a long time. D．People in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano. 3．What does the underlined word “hysterical” in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Amazing. B．Practical. C．Valuable. D．Overstated. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Panic caused by volcanic ash. B．WHO’s warnings on volcanic ash. C．Views on volcanic ash’s health risks. D．Volcanic ash’s environmental effects. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，围绕冰岛火山灰对人体健康的影响展开。世界卫生组织警告人们，若火山灰沉降，应尽量待在室内，因其可能危害健康。但其他专家对此有不同看法，认为火山灰的危害被夸大。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people.(在火山爆发期间，火山灰甚至可以被健康人深深吸入肺部并引起不适)” 可知，即使是健康人也可能因火山灰感到不适。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“And he said most Europeans’ exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.(他说，大多数欧洲人接触到火山灰的可能性可以忽略不计，只有冰岛火山附近地区的人才可能面临风险)” 可知，肯・唐纳森认为冰岛火山附近地区的人最有可能因火山灰面临风险。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health(然而，其他专家不相信火山灰会对人们的健康产生重大影响)” 以及第五题“Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was “over the top” and “a bit hysterical”(斯皮罗说，为避免火山灰而戴口罩或待在室内是“过头了”，有点“hysterical”)” 可知，专家认为世界卫生组织的警告有些夸大其词。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland’s volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned Friday(世界卫生组织周五警告称，如果冰岛火山灰开始沉降，欧洲人应尽量待在室内)”，表明 WHO 对火山灰影响健康的警告；第三段中“Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health and said WHO’s warnings were “hysterical”. (然而，其他专家不相信火山灰会对人们的健康产生重大影响，并表示世卫组织的警告“有些夸张”)”体现了其他专家与 WHO 不同的观点。综合来看，全文主要围绕对火山灰健康风险的不同观点展开。故选C。 Passage2.Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly (有规律地). Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous. The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska. Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2000 people died. In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, the Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake. One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China, in which about 80 000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 2008. Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People can not prepare for it. 1．Earthquakes happen ________. A．in all the places in the world B．only in the countries that have a lot of mountains C．regularly in most places in the world D．only in a few places along the mountains 2．How many people died in the earthquake which happened in Portugal in 1755？ A．About 500. B．About 140 000. C．About 400 000. D．About 2000. 3．When and where was the worst earthquake ever recorded？ A．1964; Alaska. B．2008; China. C．1923; Japan. D．1976; China. 4．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A．The stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed. B．Earthquakes can cause fires. C．People still don’t know how to tell when an earthquake will come. D．Earthquakes often come unexpectedly (出乎意料地). 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以客观陈述的方式，介绍了地震的分布规律、历史案例及危害特点，通过列举不同国家和时期的地震实例，说明地震的普遍性、不可预测性等事实。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Most places in the world, however, have them regularly.(然而，世界上大多数地方都会有规律地发生地震。)”可知，地震在世界上大多数地区有规律地发生。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2000 people died.(1755年，葡萄牙发生了有记录以来最强的地震之一，约 2000人死亡。)”可知，1755年葡萄牙地震导致约2000人死亡。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China, in which about 80 000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 2008.(有记录以来最严重的地震也发生在中国，约8万人伤亡，该地震发生在2008年。)”可知，最严重的地震发生在2008年的中国。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people.(强震并不总是造成最多人员死亡的地震。)”可知，地震强度与死亡人数并非正相关。故选A项。 Passage3.A new study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research reveals a surprising finding. The common practice of building seaside dams (水坝) to prevent flooding may actually lead to more intense seaside flood events. Those massive projects are becoming increasingly popular globally. This is in part to prevent the effects of intensifying storms, seawater attack, and sea level rise due to climate change. However, the study challenges the assumption that all of the seaside dams are effective flood prevention measures. By analyzing the data from Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, researchers found that seaside dams don’t necessarily reduce flooding. They can either increase or decrease flood risks, depending on factors like the length of time of a surge (涨潮) event and the shape of the basin (盆地). Lead author Steven Dykstra noted that the shape of the basin can cause storm surges to grow rather than decrease as one might expect when moving inland. After using Charleston Harbor as a case study, researchers employed computer modeling to assess the flood response at 23 other sites, both dammed and natural. The models confirmed that the basin shape and its shortening by a dam are crucial in determining how storm surges move inland. In dammed environments, waves can accumulate (聚集) and grow under the right length of time. Steven Dykstra emphasized the concern that people might not realize they were in a seaside influenced zone. Sea level rise is making those far inland aware of their weakness to seaside effects, often through massive floods. 1．How did people use to view the seaside dam? A．It decreased the frequency of storms. B．It prevented the river-ocean interaction. C．It slowed down the rise in sea level. D．It protected seaside areas from threats. 2．Why do waves increase where there are seaside dams? A．Seaside dams extend the lasting time of waves. B．Seaside dams decrease the length of a basin. C．Seaside dams change the directions of waves. D．Seaside dams stop rivers from reaching the sea. 3．What’s the best title for the text? A．Seaside Dams Can Worsen Flood B．Seaside Surges Impact More than Seaside C．Seaside Dams Are Less Useful at Seaside Areas D．The Latest Model Arises New Concerns 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究发现，建设海边水坝以防止洪水的常见做法可能实际上会导致更严重的海边洪水事件。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“The common practice of building seaside dams (水坝) to prevent flooding may actually lead to more intense seaside flood events. However, the study challenges the assumption that all of the seaside dams are effective flood prevention measures. (建设海边水坝以防止洪水的常见做法可能实际上会导致更严重的海边洪水事件。然而，该研究质疑了所有海边水坝都是有效防洪措施的观点。)”可知，人们过去通常认为海边水坝可以保护海边地区免受威胁，但研究发现这并不总是正确的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“The models confirmed that the basin shape and its shortening by a dam are crucial in determining how storm surges move inland. In dammed environments, waves can accumulate (聚集) and grow under the right length of time. (模型证实了盆地形状及水坝导致的盆地缩短对于决定风暴潮如何向内陆移动至关重要。在筑坝环境中，波浪可以在适当的时间内积聚和增长。)”可知，海边水坝会缩短盆地的长度，从而导致波浪在适当的时间内积聚和增长。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要讲述了一项新研究发现，建设海边水坝以防止洪水的做法可能实际上会导致更严重的洪水事件。研究挑战了所有海边水坝都是有效防洪措施的观点。因此，选项A“Seaside Dams Can Worsen Flood(海边水坝可能加剧洪水)”最能概括文章的主旨大意。故选A。 Passage4.January 2025 was the hottest January in recorded human history, with global temperatures entering record territory according to Copernicus Climate Change Service and Atmosphere Monitoring Service and ECMWF ERA5 dataset. Climate scientist Zeke Hausfather said that January 2025 was warmer than every January measured by scientists, surpassing the last record set in January 2024 by a sizable margin (幅度). “This means that January 2025 stands out as abnormal even by the standards of the last two years,” Hausfather explains. Scientists expected this January to be cooler than previous Januaries because of the ocean current cycles like El Niño and La Niña. Yet those predictions (预测) did not come to pass. “We don’t have El Niño to kick around anymore,” Yulsman said. “Its impacts actually disappeared months ago. Adding to the puzzle is the fact that we’re in the midst of a La Niña, which typically cools things down.” The year 2024 was the warmest year in modern history, with average global temperatures surpassing 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels for the first time ever. The Atlantic hurricane (飓风) season was unusually extreme, droughts and wildfires causing widespread suffering. Humans emitted (排放) a record-breaking 37.4 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, though. The total carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased from 280 ppm before the Industrial Revolution to 420 ppm as of 2023, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “This human release of heat-trapping gasses is the primary cause of the increases in extreme weather like flood, drought, heatwaves and generally unusual weather that we are all experiencing,” Dr. Twila Moon, the deputy lead scientist at the National Snow and Ice Data Center, said. “It is well known that reducing these emissions is key to minimizing risk and damage into the future. And how to achieve these reductions is well mapped out with the technology to do it. The pressure is now focused on social, cultural, business and political will.” 1．Why did scientists fail to predict the temperature of January 2025? A．The reference data was limited. B．Ocean current cycles changed sharply. C．La Niña didn’t function as expected. D．The influence of El Niño continued. 2．What do the figures in paragraph 4 mainly show? A．Climate cycles have their own natural phenomena. B．La Niña’s effect is weaker than scientists expected. C．Emissions continue despite worsening climate impacts. D．Global temperatures experience regular ups and downs. 3．What do Dr. Twila Moon’s words suggest in the last paragraph? A．Technology is still the barrier. B．Action falls behind solutions. C．Climate change is unavoidable. D．Governments refuse teamwork. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The record warmth in January 2025 and its causes. B．The global impact of El Niño and La Niña in 2025. C．The technological solutions for reducing carbon emissions. D．The history of climate change research and its key findings. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了2025年1月成为有记录以来人类历史上最热的1月这一气候事件，并提供了相关的背景信息、科学家的解释以及人类活动对气候变化的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Scientists expected this January to be cooler than previous Januaries because of the ocean current cycles like El Niño and La Niña. Yet those predictions (预测) did not come to pass.(科学家此前预计，由于厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜等洋流循环，今年1月的气温会比往年1月更低，但这些预测并未实现)”以及第三段““We don’t have El Niño to kick around anymore,”Yulsman said.“Its impacts actually disappeared months ago. Adding to the puzzle is the fact that we’re in the midst of a La Niña, which typically cools things down.”(‘我们不再受厄尔尼诺的影响了，’Yulsman说：‘它的影响实际上在几个月前就消失了。更令人困惑的是，我们正处于拉尼娜现象期间，而拉尼娜通常会使气温下降。’)”可知，科学家原本预计2025年1月因拉尼娜现象气温会下降，但实际气温却破纪录升高。Yulsman提到“我们正处于拉尼娜现象期间，而拉尼娜通常会使气温下降”，但这一预期未实现。所以拉尼娜未按预期发挥作用导致预测失败。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The year 2024 was the warmest year in modern history, with average global temperatures surpassing 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels for the first time ever. The Atlantic hurricane (飓风) season was unusually extreme, droughts and wildfires causing widespread suffering. Humans emitted (排放) a record-breaking 37.4 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, though. The total carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased from 280 ppm before the Industrial Revolution to 420 ppm as of 2023, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.(2024年是现代历史上最热的一年，全球平均气温首次超过工业化前水平1.5℃。大西洋飓风季节异常极端，干旱和野火造成了广泛的灾难。然而，人类向大气中排放了创纪录的374亿吨二氧化碳。美国国家海洋和大气管理局的数据显示，截至2023年，大气中二氧化碳的总浓度已从工业革命前的280ppm（百万分比浓度）升至420ppm。)”可知，第四段列举了2024年全球气温破纪录、极端天气频发（如大西洋飓风、干旱、野火），但同时人类二氧化碳排放量也创下374亿吨的新高，且大气中二氧化碳浓度从工业革命前的280ppm升至420ppm。这些数据形成鲜明对比：气候恶化的同时，温室气体排放仍在持续增加。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Dr. Twila Moon, the deputy lead scientist at the National Snow and Ice Data Center, said. “It is well known that reducing these emissions is key to minimizing risk and damage into the future. And how to achieve these reductions is well mapped out with the technology to do it. The pressure is now focused on social, cultural, business and political will.”(美国国家冰雪数据中心副首席科学家Twila Moon表示：‘众所周知，减少这些排放是未来将风险和损害降至最低的关键。如何实现这些减排目标已有明确的技术路线图，现在的压力集中在社会、文化、商业和政治意愿上。’)”可知，Twila Moon认为如何实现这些减排目标已有明确的技术路线图，现在的压力集中在社会、文化、商业和政治意愿上。这表明，减排的技术方案已明确，但实际行动尚未跟上。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第一段内容“January 2025 was the hottest January in recorded human history, with global temperatures entering record territory according to Copernicus Climate Change Service and Atmosphere Monitoring Service and ECMWF ERA5 dataset.(2025 年 1 月是人类有记录以来最热的一个1月，根据哥白尼气候变化服务、大气监测服务以及欧洲中期天气预报中心的 ERA5 数据集，全球气温已达到创纪录的水平。)”可知，文章主要讲述了2025年1月创纪录的高温以及产生的诱因。故选A。 Passage5.Massive flooding in America’s Yellowstone National Park caused widespread damage and resulted in many changes. The recent floodwaters changed the path of a river popular for fishing. It also damaged homes, bridges and roadways. Yellowstone became America’s first national park in 1872. It is known for its natural beauty that includes mountains, rivers and lakes. The forces of fire and ice have shaped the park for thousands of years. It is a place where visitors can get close to different kinds of wildlife. Flooding caused by heavy rains and melting mountain snow did cause a lot of damage. It drove more than 10,000 visitors out of the park. The rain also damaged hundreds of homes in nearby communities. Luckily, no one was reported hurt. However, the park could remain closed for up to one week. Some entrances might not open all summer. The water also washed away camp structures, flooded small towns and cut power to parts of southern Montana and northern Wyoming. The event happened as the park was beginning its busy summer season and received millions of summer visitors. The Yellowstone River was running at a historically high level of 4.9 meters as it flowed past Billings, Montana’s largest city. The city got its water from the river and was forced to close its treatment plant because it couldn’t operate effectively with water levels that high. Billings officials said the city only had a 24-hour supply of water. They were asking people to protect water until the river could drop and the plant could restart operations. “None of us planned a 500-year flood event on the Yellowstone when we designed the equipment,” said Debi Meling, the city’s director of public works. Yellowstone officials said, “The northern half of the park is likely to remain closed over the summer. This will greatly affect local economies that depend on summer tourists. But we have faith in the park repairs and economic recovery.” 1．What makes Yellowstone National Park special? A．It is America’s largest national park. B．It has rich cultural human activities. C．It possesses diverse natural scenery and wildlife. D．It suffers widespread damage and many changes. 2．What can we learn about flooding from paragraph 3? A．The bad effects it caused. B．The time it lasted. C．The repairs all the people did. D．The wildlife hurt in it. 3．What happened to the treatment plant in Billings after flooding? A．It had to stop working due to the water rising. B．It was forced to treat water for the city as usual. C．It was asked to restart the equipment to protect water. D．It merely cut down the city’s water supply for 24 hours. 4．What’s the attitude of Yellowstone officials to the rebuilding work after flooding? A．Keen. B．Incredible. C．Unconcerned. D．Confident. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了美国黄石国家公园遭遇严重洪水灾害的情况，由此黄石公园北部可能整个夏季关闭，对依赖夏季游客的当地经济造成重大影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Yellowstone became America’s first national park in 1872. It is known for its natural beauty that includes mountains, rivers and lakes. The forces of fire and ice have shaped the park for thousands of years. It is a place where visitors can get close to different kinds of wildlife. (黄石公园于1872年成为美国第一个国家公园。它以其包括山脉、河流和湖泊在内的自然美景而闻名。几千年来，火与冰的力量塑造了这座公园。这是一个游客可以近距离接触各种野生动物的地方。) ”可知，黄石国家公园拥有多样的自然风景和野生动植物。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Flooding caused by heavy rains and melting mountain snow did cause a lot of damage. It drove more than 10,000 visitors out of the park. The rain also damaged hundreds of homes in nearby communities. Luckily, no one was reported hurt. However, the park could remain closed for up to one week. Some entrances might not open all summer. The water also washed away camp structures, flooded small towns and cut power to parts of southern Montana and northern Wyoming. (大雨和融化的山雪引发的洪水确实造成了很大的破坏。洪水迫使1万多名游客离开了公园。大雨还损坏了附近社区的数百所房屋。幸运的是，没有人员受伤的报道。然而，公园可能会关闭长达一周。一些入口可能整个夏天都不会开放。洪水还冲走了露营设施，淹没了小镇，并切断了蒙大拿州南部和怀俄明州北部的部分地区电力供应。)”可知，本段主要描述了洪水造成的恶劣影响，包括游客被迫离开、房屋受损、公园关闭等。因此，A选项“The bad effects it caused.(它造成的恶劣影响)”符合题意。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“The Yellowstone River was running at a historically high level of 4.9 meters as it flowed past Billings, Montana’s largest city. The city got its water from the river and was forced to close its treatment plant because it couldn’t operate effectively with water levels that high. (黄石河在流经蒙大拿州最大的城市比灵斯时，水位达到了历史最高的4.9米。这座城市从这条河取水，但由于水位太高，水处理厂无法有效运行，因此被迫关闭。)”可知，洪水后，由于水位太高，水处理厂无法有效运行，因此被迫关闭。因此，A选项“It had to stop working due to the water rising.(由于水位上涨，它不得不停止工作)”符合题意。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Yellowstone officials said, ‘The northern half of the park is likely to remain closed over the summer. This will greatly affect local economies that depend on summer tourists. But we have faith in the park repairs and economic recovery.’ (黄石公园官员说：“公园北部可能会在整个夏天关闭。这将极大地影响依赖夏季游客的当地经济。但我们对公园的修复和经济复苏有信心。”)”可知，黄石公园官员对洪水后的修复和经济复苏持有信心。因此，D选项“Confident.(自信的)”符合题意。故选D。 Passage6.A Global warming is the primary reason for China recording above-average temperatures, a meteorological (气象的) expert said, as data showed that 2024 was the warmest year since 1961, when the country began compiling complete meteorological observation records. The nation’s average temperature reached 10.92℃ last year, 1.03℃ higher than the historical average, making it the warmest year on record, according to the China Meteorological Administration. “Global warming has led to phenomena such as rising sea levels and glacier melt, which continue to impact China. For instance, it has significantly increased the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, resulting in more frequent and lasting heat waves while reducing the occurrence of cold events,” said Shi Ying, a researcher at the National Climate Center. Natural climate variability such as the El Nino (厄尔尼诺) phenomenon — the unusual warming of water surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean — has also played a role in rising temperatures. “During the declining period of an El Nino event, typically the following year, global average temperatures tend to rise, potentially increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events and enlarging global warming,” Shi said. On Dec. 30, the World Meteorological Organization also announced that 2024 is set to be the warmest year on record, covering a decade of unprecedented heat fueled by human activities. The year 2025 has begun with warmer-than-average temperatures. On Wednesday afternoon, much of the south area of the Yangtze River experienced temperatures exceeding 15℃, which is far from the biting cold typically expected during winter. Shi said that extreme heat events in China are projected to increase in frequency, with longer period and broader impact. “Under high emission situation, an extreme heat event that currently occurs once in 50 years could occur every one or two years by the end of the 21st century,” Shi said. She suggested developing early-warning systems for climate risks, focusing on the spatial — temporal patterns (空间—时间模式) of extreme events such as heat waves. “We need to conduct detailed assessments of the impacts of extreme weather events on key sections.” she added. Measures should also be taken to develop monitoring and risk-warning technologies. There is no doubt that these measures will surely have a positive impact on the future. 1．What was the main reason for China recording above-average temperatures in 2024? A．Increased industrial activities. B．Unusual weather patterns. C．Global warming. D．Urbanization. 2．What is mentioned as a result of global warming in China? A．Decreased frequency of heat waves. B．Rising sea levels and glacier melt. C．Increased frequency of cold events. D．Reduced intensity of extreme weather events. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the measures suggested by Shi Ying? A．Doubtful. B．Negative. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Global Warming: A Worldwide Threat B．China’s 2024: The Warmest Year on Record C．Extreme Weather in China: Frequency and Intensity D．Climate Change in China: Causes and Consequences 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述中国2024年气温创纪录的原因（全球变暖及厄尔尼诺现象）、全球变暖对中国的影响（极端天气增多等）以及专家提出的应对措施。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Global warming is the primary reason for China recording above-average temperatures, a meteorological (气象的) expert said, as data showed that 2024 was the warmest year since 1961, when the country began compiling complete meteorological observation records. (一位气象专家表示，全球变暖是导致中国气温高于平均水平的主要原因。数据显示，2024年是自 1961 年中国开始完整编制气象观测记录以来最暖的一年。)”可知，2024 年中国气温高于平均水平的主要原因是全球变暖。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Global warming has led to phenomena such as rising sea levels and glacier melt, which continue to impact China. (全球变暖导致了诸如海平面上升和冰川融化等现象，这些现象仍在对中国产生影响。)”可知，中国因全球变暖而出现的后果是海平面上升和冰川融化。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There is no doubt that these measures will surely have a positive impact on the future. (毫无疑问，这些措施必将对未来产生积极的影响。)”可知，作者对其提出的措施持支持态度。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Global warming is the primary reason for China recording above-average temperatures, a meteorological (气象的) expert said, as data showed that 2024 was the warmest year since 1961, when the country began compiling complete meteorological observation records. (一位气象专家表示，全球变暖是导致中国气温高于平均水平的主要原因。数据显示，2024年是自 1961 年中国开始完整编制气象观测记录以来最暖的一年。)”结合文章主要讲述中国2024年气温创纪录的原因（全球变暖及厄尔尼诺现象）、全球变暖对中国的影响（极端天气增多等）以及专家提出的应对措施。可知，D选项“中国的气候变化：原因与后果。”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage7.Destructive earthquakes rock the world from time to time. Nothing can be done to prevent them from striking. The best way to ease these future disasters is to draw maps of the underworld, recording every fault (断层) and tracking its behavior. To create those maps, researchers employ machines that sense and record all sorts of vibrations (震动). This work, historically, has sometimes been inaccurate. When Zachary Ross, an assistant geophysics professor, started in the field in the early 2010s, he tried to find a new way forward. “Even the best computer programs at the time missed certain earthquakes. There had to be a better way,” he says. He made the study in California which is so geologically active and there were more data than human experts alone could reasonably handle. In 2017 Ross started to focus on tiny quakes. They might be harmless, but that doesn’t make them unimportant — their waves can explain each fault they pass through, including the more precarious, stress­loaded ones that may one day crack and set off a disaster. Ross and his colleagues set an algorithm (算法) upon the seismic (地震的) record. The algorithm quickly identified nearly two million previously hidden tiny quakes. However, his program could only find earthquakes in the seismic record that it was taught to recognize. So Ross turned to more advanced tools: self­learning programs, software that could make predictions about the future — in this case, what a greatly wider variety of earthquakes might sound like. Very quickly, these programs found all sorts of unfamiliar-sounding quakes — later confirmed by human scientists. These AI learning programs can also be used to improve the speed and accuracy (精确度) of earthquake early­warning systems — largely autonomous (自主的) programs that forecast threats to life and property in the moments after an earthquake starts and send people emergency text messages before seismic waves reach them. But for all their promise, AI programs won’t replace human scientists. “They’re just tools,” Ross says — ones that in time, he believes, will become as ordinary as seismometers (地震仪) themselves. 1．What inspired Ross to carry out the new study? A．The massive amounts of data available. B．The geographical location of California. C．The limitation of the traditional method. D．The breakdown of the computer programs. 2．What does the underlined word “precarious” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Unusual. B．Unstable. C．Inaccessible. D．Informal. 3．What is the advantage of self­learning programs over Ross’ algorithm? A．They forecast new earthquakes. B．They help restore hidden faults. C．They rely on previous information. D．They use the best computer programs. 4．What do we know about the AI programs from the last paragraph? A．They will replace seismometers. B．They serve as an efficiency booster. C．They reduce the threats to life and property. D．They prevented seismic waves from reaching people. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍地震研究学者扎卡里·罗斯借助AI算法和自学习程序提升地震监测精度的探索。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When Zachary Ross, an assistant geophysics professor, started in the field in the early 2010s, he tried to find a new way forward. “Even the best computer programs at the time missed certain earthquakes. There had to be a better way,” he says. (地球物理学助理教授扎卡里·罗斯在2010年代初进入该领域时，试图找到一条新的研究路径。他说：“即使是当时最好的计算机程序也会漏掉某些地震。一定有更好的方法。”)”可知，传统方法的局限性（计算机程序漏检地震）促使罗斯开展新研究。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“They might be harmless, but that doesn’t make them unimportant — their waves can explain each fault they pass through, including the more precarious, stress­loaded ones that may one day crack and set off a disaster (它们可能是无害的，但这并不意味着它们不重要——它们的波浪可以解释它们所经历的每一个断层，包括那些更precarious、压力更大的断层，这些断层有朝一日可能会破裂并引发灾难)”可知，这些断层有一天可能会破裂并引发灾难，说明它们是不稳定的，所以画线词precarious的意思是“不稳定的”，与“unstable”同义。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Very quickly, these programs found all sorts of unfamiliar­sounding quakes—later confirmed by human scientists.(很快，这些程序就发现了各种听起来不熟悉的地震——后来得到了人类科学家的证实。)”可知，自学程序的优势在于它们能够预测出新型的地震。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“These AI learning programs can also be used to improve the speed and accuracy of earthquake early­warning systems — largely autonomous programs that forecast threats to life and property in the moments after an earthquake starts and send people emergency text messages before seismic waves reach them.(这些AI学习程序还可用于提高地震预警系统的速度和精度——预警系统是高度自主的程序，能在地震发生后立即预测对生命和财产的威胁，并在地震波到达前向人们发送紧急短信。)”可知，AI程序通过提升预警速度和精度，成为提高地震监测效率的助推器。故选B项。 Passage8.New York City is sinking under the collective weight of all its buildings, a new study has found. Technically called subsidence (沉降), this gradual process could spell trouble for a city around which the sea level has been rising dramatically and is projected to rise between 20 and 76 centimeters by 2050. The study, published in the journal Earth’s Future, aims to show how high-rises in coastal areas could contribute to future flood risk and that measures should be taken to reduce the potentially dangerous impacts. The researchers calculated the mass of 1,084,954 buildings across the five districts of New York City and then used simulations (模拟) to calculate the effects of that weight on the ground, comparing that with satellite data showing the real surface geology. That analysis revealed the rate at which the city is sinking. “The average is about 1 to 2 millimeters a year, with some areas of greater subsidence up to about 4.5 millimeters a year,” said lead author Tom Parsons. Their modeling is far from perfect and the estimates only include the mass of buildings and their contents, not the roads, bridges, railways, and other paved areas. Even with those limitations, these new calculations have improved upon previous observations of subsidence in the city by factoring in the diverse geological makeup of the area, which includes sand, silt, and exposed bedrock. Subsidence can pose an even earlier flooding threat than sea level rise, the research suggests, and not just in New York City. “Other cities can learn from New York’s example. It is among the most heavily populated coastal areas in the world, with a large part of its critical infrastructure constructed in low-lying coastal areas,” said geophysicist Sophie Coulson, a postdoctoral fellow at Los Alamos National Laboratory. “Understanding how and why the landscape is changing, and identifying regions at the highest risk of flooding are essential for making the right preparations to reduce the rate of sea level rise over the long term.” 1．What is the purpose of the study published in the journal Earth’s Future? A．To analyze the high rate of sea level rise. B．To predict the exact amount of sea level rise by 2050. C．To propose measures to prevent New York City from over population- D．To show how flooding threats can result from tall buildings in coastal areas. 2．How did the researchers calculate the rate of the city’s sinking? A．By measuring the water levels around the city. B．By combining the modeled data with the actual C．By analyzing the existing data on the buildings’ weight. D．By simulating the satellite data of the city’s surface. 3．What makes this new study better than previous ones? A．It adopted the latest technology to make estimates. B．It provided estimated sinking data of New York City. C．It took the complex geology of New York into account. D．It examined all the factors that contribute to subsidence. 4．What does Sophie Coulson think should be done to slow sea level rise? A．Relocating residents from some coastal areas. B．Developing new technology for flood prevention. C．Building more critical infrastructure in low-lying areas. D．Recognizing areas most likely to be affected by flooding. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究揭示沿海地区高楼对未来洪水风险的影响，还说明了研究计算纽约市沉降率的方法及该研究比以往研究更优之处。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study, published in the journal Earth’s Future, aims to show how high rises in coastal areas could contribute to future flood risk and that measures should be taken to reduce the potentially dangerous impacts.(发表在《地球的未来》杂志上的这项研究旨在揭示沿海地区的高楼大厦如何导致未来的洪水风险，并指出应采取措施减少潜在的危险影响)”可知，该研究的目的是揭示沿海地区的高楼如何导致洪水威胁。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers calculated the mass of 1,084,954 buildings across the five districts of New York City and then used simulations (模拟) to calculate the effects of that weight on the ground, comparing that with satellite data showing the real surface geology. That analysis revealed the rate at which the city is sinking.(研究人员计算了纽约市五个行政区的1084954座建筑物的质量，然后用模拟方法计算这些重量对地面的影响，并将其与显示实际地表地质情况的卫星数据进行对比。该分析揭示了该市的沉降速度)”可知，研究人员是通过将模拟数据与实际数据相结合来计算城市沉降率的。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Even with those limitations, these new calculations have improved upon previous observations of subsidence in the city by factoring in the diverse geological makeup of the area, which includes sand, silt, and exposed bedrock.(尽管有这些局限性，但这些新的计算通过考虑该地区包括沙子、淤泥和裸露基岩在内的多样化地质构成，改进了之前对该市沉降情况的观测)”可知，这项新研究比以前的研究更好是因为它考虑了纽约多样化地质构成，即复杂的地质情况。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Sophie Coulson的话“Understanding how and why the landscape is changing, and identifying regions at the highest risk of flooding are essential for making the right preparations to reduce the rate of sea level rise over the long term.(了解地貌变化的方式和原因，并确定洪水风险最高的地区，对于做好正确的准备以长期降低海平面上升速度至关重要)”可知，Sophie Coulson认为应该识别最有可能受洪水影响的地区，然后做好正确的准备来减缓海平面上升速度。故选D项。 Passage9.A storm surge (风暴潮) is a raised sea brought by tropical cyclones (热带气旋), also known as typhoons or hurricanes. These powerful storms produce strong winds that push the water into shore (岸), often causing flooding. A storm surge is mainly caused by the relationship between the winds and the ocean’s surface. The water rises where the winds are strongest. In addition, water is pushed in the direction the winds are blowing. The rotation (自转) of the Earth causes winds to move toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere (半球) and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere. If a cyclone develops in the Northern Hemisphere, the surge will be the largest in the right-forward part of the storm. In the Southern Hemisphere, the surge will be the largest in the left-forward part. Atmospheric pressure also plays a key role. In a cyclone the central pressure is lower than at its. edges. This pushes down the water in the outer parts of the storm, causing the water to rise in the center. More factors contribute to the strength of a storm surge as it comes to the coast. The water can reach as high as 10 meters if the storm surge happens at the same time as high tide. The coast’s slope (坡度) matters too shallow coasts flood more easily. The storm surges are a serious danger for coastal areas. They typically form in late summer when ocean temperatures are highest, providing the energy needed for cyclone development. Historically, storm surges have caused terrible losses. For example, the 1900 Hurricane Katrina in the U. S. claimed over 6,000 lives, while the 1970 Bhola Cyclone in Bangladesh resulted in about 500,000 deaths. Today, improvements in forecasting (预报) and warning help reduce damage done by a storm surge. Information about surges like speeds, heights and paths are provided, allowing communities to prepare and leave. Coastal communities can protect themselves against storm surges by protecting local wetlands, which can take in the water and the energy of storm surges. But unfortunately they have made way for the city development. 1．What is a main cause of storm surges? A．Heavy rainfall during cyclones. B．Strong winds pushing seawater ashore. C．Sudden rises of central pressure. D．Earth’s rotation redirecting the winds. 2．Where is a storm surge the largest in the Northern Hemisphere? A．Center of the cyclone. B．Coastal areas with wetlands. C．Right-forward part of the storm. D．Left-forward part of the cyclone. 3．Why does the text mention Hurricane Katrina and Bhola Cyclone? A．To show the increased cyclone frequency. B．To compare storm surges in two hemispheres. C．To explain the economic benefits of wetlands. D．To stress the damaging effects of storm surges. 4．What will the passage probably talk about next? A．Methods to forecast cyclone paths. B．Case studies of recent storm surges. C．Climate change’s impact on cyclones. D．Strategies to protect coastal wetlands. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了风暴潮的定义、形成原因、影响强度的因素、危害以及应对措施。 1． 细节理解题。根据第一段“A storm surge (风暴潮) is a raised sea brought by tropical cyclones (热带气旋), also known as typhoons or hurricanes. These powerful storms produce strong winds that push the water into shore (岸), often causing flooding. (风暴潮是由热带气旋带来的海水升高现象，热带气旋也被称为台风或飓风。这些强大的风暴产生强风，将海水推向岸边，常常引发洪水。)”可知，风暴潮的一个主要原因是强风将海水推向岸边。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“If a cyclone develops in the Northern Hemisphere, the surge will be the largest in the right-forward part of the storm.  (如果气旋在北半球形成，风暴潮在风暴的右前方部分将是最大的。)”可知，如果气旋在北半球形成，风暴潮在风暴的右前方部分将是最大的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Historically, storm surges have caused terrible losses. For example, the 1900 Hurricane Katrina in the U. S. claimed over 6,000 lives, while the 1970 Bhola Cyclone in Bangladesh resulted in about 500,000 deaths. (从历史上看，风暴潮已经造成了可怕的损失。例如，1900年美国的卡特里娜飓风夺走了6000多人的生命，而1970年孟加拉国的博拉气旋导致了大约50万人死亡。)”可知，历史上风暴潮造成了可怕的损失，接着举例美国的卡特里娜飓风和孟加拉国的博拉气旋造成的大量人员死亡，所以提到这两个例子是为了强调风暴潮的破坏作用。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Coastal communities can protect themselves against storm surges by protecting local wetlands, which can take in the water and the energy of storm surges. But unfortunately they have made way for the city development.(沿海社区可以通过保护当地湿地来抵御风暴潮，当地湿地可以吸收风暴潮的水和能量。但不幸的是，它们已经为城市发展让路了。)”可知，沿海社区可以通过保护当地湿地来抵御风暴潮，但不幸的是湿地为城市发展让路了。由此可推测接下来可能会讨论修复沿海湿地的策略。故选D。 Passage10.I wasn’t prepared to be a climate refugee. Not after relocating my family from drought and wildfire California to the “climate shelter” of Asheville, N.C． But less than two months after we moved into our delightfully wooded, mild-weather community, we were forced to leave. On September 26, the hurricane made its way inland from the Gulf of Mexico through Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. Along its path, it tore apart community after community. And then it hit western Appalachia. At 2,000 feet above sea level and 300 miles from the coast, Asheville is a place where people went to get away from destructive hurricanes. That night, I couldn’t sleep. Trees crashed down around my home as emergency alerts sounded on my phone. Power lines went down. Roads flooded. Despite being within a mile of the French Broad River, we were not told to evacuate ahead of the storm. In the morning, after it seemed the worst had passed, a large pine tree crashed onto the roof directly above my young son’s bedroom while he was playing with LEGOs. He was thankfully unharmed, but it drove home the severity of what was happening around us. My young daughter held me tightly saying over and over, “I’m scared.” It was hard to get information about what was going on across Asheville. Within hours, we lost power, Internet and even cell service. A neighbor told me we could get information on the radio, so I sat in my car to listen to the local radio station’s updates. That’s how I learned that the water wasn’t safe to drink. The treatment plant was under eight feet of water and the distribution pipes had washed away. When we heard it would take weeks or longer to restore basic services, I made plans for my family to leave town. We were lucky—we lived near the one highway that was open, and had a full tank of gas and a place to go. So on Sunday we left Asheville to stay with family on the Outer Banks. 1．The author moved to Asheville, N.C． to ________. A．get closer to the Gulf of Mexico B．find a new job in South Carolina C．live near the French Broad River D．flee California’s drought and wildfire 2．What does the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph mean? A．The family found the house severely damaged. B．The family felt alarmed by the tree crashing down. C．The family decided to stay indoors despite the danger. D．The family realized the pleasure of playing with LEGOs. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 5? A．Disasters foster the bonds between the neighbours. B．The treatment plant should be built deep underwater. C．Timely access to information is vital during a disaster. D．Protecting water resources promotes a sense of community. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Consequences of a hurricane B．An account of a climate refugee C．Measures against the climate chaos D．California to Carolina: a failed escape 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者为逃避加州干旱和野火等气候灾害，搬迁至北卡罗来纳州阿什维尔的“气候避难所”，却意外遭遇飓风袭击，被迫成为气候难民的亲身经历。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Not after relocating my family from drought and wildfire California to the ‘climate shelter’ of Asheville, N.C.(在把家人从干旱和野火肆虐的加利福尼亚州搬到北卡罗来纳州阿什维尔这个‘气候庇护所’之后，我才意识到这一点)”可知，作者搬到阿什维尔是为了逃离加州的干旱和野火。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“In the morning, after it seemed the worst had passed, a large pine tree crashed onto the roof directly above my young son’s bedroom while he was playing with LEGOs. (第二天早上，在最糟糕的情况似乎已经过去之后，我小儿子在玩乐高玩具时，一棵大松树撞到了他卧室正上方的屋顶上)”可知，这里提到一棵大松树砸中儿子卧室上方的屋顶，尽管孩子未受伤，但“it drove home the severity of what was happening around us.(这让我们深刻意识到周围情况的严重性)”家人因树木倒塌事件感到警惕和恐慌。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“It was hard to get information about what was going on across Asheville. Within hours, we lost power, Internet and even cell service. A neighbor told me we could get information on the radio, so I sat in my car to listen to the local radio station’s updates. That’s how I learned that the water wasn’t safe to drink. (很难获得阿什维尔发生的事情的信息。几小时内，我们失去了电力、互联网甚至手机服务。一位邻居告诉我，我们可以通过收音机获取信息，所以我坐在车里听当地广播电台的最新消息。这就是我了解到水不安全的原因)”可推知，灾难中基础设施瘫痪时，通过收音机等替代方式获取及时信息至关重要，否则无法得知饮水安全等关键风险。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章以“I wasn’t prepared to be a climate refugee.(我没有准备好成为气候难民)”开头，详细叙述了从加州逃往阿什维尔却遭飓风被迫离开的完整经历，结尾强调“So on Sunday we left Asheville to stay with family on the Outer Banks.(所以周日我们离开阿什维尔，和家人住在Outer Banks)”，核心讲的是作者个人作为气候难民的遭遇。所以B项An account of a climate refugee(一位气候难民的记述)概括了文章核心叙事。故选B。 二、完形填空 Passage1.I was always unhappy about wind or rain. Although it was nothing unusual for the arrival of wind or rain, it caused inconvenience for me to go out, and sometimes it even created an awful atmosphere, so I 1 it strongly. On a rainy day a meteorologist (气象学家) I met was very 2 at my great anger caused by rain that made a little inconvenience for me. He asked, “Have you ever seen typhoon? Do you know what would happen to the world if there were no typhoon?” I 3 my head. I had no experience of how powerful it was when it almost blew away everything in its way. “Well, let me tell you,” the meteorologist said. “Without it the 4 of fresh water will be more serious, for it is a great source of water supply on earth. Without it, there would be a greater imbalance in the distribution (分布) of 5 . The equatorial (赤道的) area that receives the most sunshine on earth 6 entirely on typhoon to disperse (驱散) heat. Without typhoon, the tropics (热带地区) would be even 7 while the frigid zones much colder. As a result the temperate zones (温带) would 8 from the world...” 9 made me shortsighted. I disliked wind only because it messed up my hair. I hated rain 10 because I had to carry an umbrella. But I had no idea at all that typhoon — something much more violent and 11 than wind or rain — was a(n) 12 to the existence of mankind. So it is advisable for a man to stop to think for a moment 13 he complains (抱怨) about typhoon. “ 14 typhoon disappeared all together? What would the world become then?” The 15 will keep him calm and lead him closer to truth — he will be better aware of the world he lives in. 1．A．disliked B．refused C．fought D．punished 2．A．excited B．delighted C．puzzled D．encouraged 3．A．nodded B．shook C．lifted D．lowered 4．A．supply B．lack C．waste D．amount 5．A．time B．wealth C．energy D．warmth 6．A．moves B．depends C．keeps D．holds 7．A．better B．cooler C．hotter D．warmer 8．A．expand B．move C．disappear D．escape 9．A．Ignorance B．Knowledge C．Fear D．Preference 10．A．mainly B．simply C．partly D．totally 11．A．amazing B．boring C．exciting D．troubling 12．A．success B．advantage C．approach D．must 13．A．before B．since C．after D．until 14．A．What about B．What if C．Even if D．How come 15．A．answers B．theories C．complaints D．mysteries 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了作者原本总是不喜欢风和雨，认为它们给自己的出行带来不便。但通过与一位气象学家的交流，了解到台风（比风雨更猛烈麻烦）对地球上淡水资源供应、热量分布等有着重要作用，意识到自己的无知，进而思考在抱怨台风等自然现象之前应该先停下来想一想其对世界的影响。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然风雨的到来是再平常不过的事了，但它给我外出带来了不便，有时甚至营造出一种糟糕的氛围，所以我非常不喜欢它。A. disliked不喜欢；B. refused拒绝；C. fought战斗；D. punished惩罚。根据上文“I was always unhappy about wind or rain.”以及“it caused inconvenience for me to go out, and sometimes it even created an awful atmosphere”可知，作者因为风和雨带来不便和糟糕氛围，所以是不喜欢它们。故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个下雨天，我遇到的一位气象学家对我因雨而产生的极大愤怒感到非常困惑，而这场雨只是给我带来了一点不便。A. excited兴奋的；B. delighted高兴的；C. puzzled困惑的；D. encouraged受鼓舞的。根据下文气象学家的提问“Have you ever seen typhoon? Do you know what would happen to the world if there were no typhoon?”可知，气象学家对作者因为一点不便就对雨大发雷霆感到困惑。故选C。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我摇了摇头。A. nodded点头；B. shook摇头；C. lifted举起；D. lowered降低。根据下文“I had no experience of how powerful it was when it almost blew away everything in its way.”可知，作者没有见过台风，所以对于气象学家的问题，作者是摇头表示不知道。故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有台风，淡水短缺的情况会更严重，因为它是地球上淡水供应的一个重要来源。 A. supply供应；B. lack缺乏；C. waste浪费；D. amount数量。根据下文“for it is a great source of water supply on earth”可知，台风是地球上重要的水源，所以没有台风的话，淡水短缺的情况会更严重。故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有台风，热量的分布会更加不平衡。A. time时间；B. wealth财富；C. energy能量；D. warmth温暖。根据下文“The equatorial (赤道的) area that receives the most sunshine on earth 6 entirely on typhoon to disperse (驱散) heat.”可知，这里说的是热量的分布，所以没有台风，热量的分布会更加不平衡。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：地球上接受阳光最多的赤道地区完全依赖台风来驱散热量。A. moves移动；B. depends依靠；C. keeps保持；D. holds持有。根据语境可知，赤道地区接受了地球上最多的阳光，完全依赖台风来驱散热量。depend on“依靠”，固定短语。故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有台风，热带地区会变得更热，而寒带地区会更冷。A. better更好的；B. cooler更凉爽的；C. hotter更热的；D. warmer更温暖的。根据上文“The equatorial (赤道的) area that receives the most sunshine on earth 6 entirely on typhoon to disperse (驱散) heat.”以及下文“while the frigid zones much colder”可知，没有台风，热带地区会更热。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果，温带地区将会从世界上消失……。A. expand扩大；B. move移动；C. disappear消失；D. escape逃跑。根据上文“Without typhoon, the tropics (热带地区) would be even 7 while the frigid zones much colder.”可知，没有台风，热带更热，寒带更冷，这样温带就会从世界上消失。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无知使我目光短浅。A. Ignorance无知；B. Knowledge知识；C. Fear害怕；D. Preference偏爱。根据上文作者因为风和雨带来的不便就不喜欢它们，而不知道台风对世界的重要性和下文“I disliked wind only because it messed up my hair.”可知，是无知让作者目光短浅。故选A。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我讨厌雨仅仅是因为我得带把伞。A. mainly主要地；B. simply仅仅；C. partly部分地；D. totally完全地。根据下文“because I had to carry an umbrella.”可知，作者仅仅是因为要带伞就讨厌雨。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我根本不知道，台风——一种比风和雨更猛烈、更麻烦的东西——对人类的生存来说是必不可少的。A. amazing令人惊讶的；B. boring无聊的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. troubling令人烦恼的。根据上文对台风的描述“it almost blew away everything in its way”可知，台风比风和雨更猛烈、更麻烦。故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我根本不知道，台风——一种比风和雨更猛烈、更麻烦的东西——对人类的生存来说是必不可少的。A. success成功；B. advantage优势；C. approach方法；D. must必需品。根据上文对台风作用的描述“it is a great source of water supply on earth. Without it, there would be a greater imbalance in the distribution (分布) of 5 .”，如提供淡水、平衡热量分布等，可知台风对人类的生存是必要的事物。故选D。 13．考查连词词义辨析。句意：所以，对于一个人来说，在抱怨台风之前停下来思考片刻是明智的。A. before在……之前；B. since自从；C. after在……之后；D. until直到。根据上文“it is advisable for a man to stop to think for a moment ”及语境可知，在一个人抱怨台风之前停下来思考一下是明智的。故选A。 14．考查固定短语辨析。句意：要是台风完全消失了会怎么样呢？A. What about……怎么样；B. What if如果…… 将会怎么样；C. Even if即使；D. How come怎么会。根据下文“What would the world become then?”可知，这里是假设如果台风完全消失会怎么样，此处用What if表示假设。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些答案会让他保持冷静，并引导他更接近真相——他会更好地了解自己所生活的世界。A. answers答案；B. theories理论；C. complaints抱怨；D. mysteries秘密。根据上文提出的问题“ 14 typhoon disappeared all together? What would the world become then?”可知，这些答案会让人保持冷静并接近真相。故选A。 Passage2.On February 17 at 12:11 p. m., Bob and his friend were driving snowmobiles in the Shrine Bowl area. 1 , they accidentally caused an avalanche (雪崩), and Bob was completely buried. His friend didn’t 2 any time and quickly called 911, then began 3 him. Help came quickly. 4 dog teams and 27 rescuers were sent to the 4 . They also got support from the Rapid Avalanche Deployment (RAD) team. However, because of bad winter conditions, a “Flight for Life” helicopter couldn’t 5 help. Avalanche experts say that the survival 6 drops greatly after just 15 minutes under the snow. But against all 7 , at 1:13 p. m., over an hour after the avalanche, a searcher 8 a small piece of cloth sticking out of the debris (碎片). It turned out to be part of Bob’s airbag. Rescuers quickly 9 through the 0.6 — 0.7 meters of snow. Amazingly, they found Bob 10 and able to talk, even though he had been 11 for 65 minutes. All in all, he was in surprisingly good condition. He was taken to a waiting ambulance on a snowmobile, and then 12 to Summit Medical Center for treatment. The avalanche was quite large, which was about 150 meters wide and 100 meters long. It happened on a day with a high avalanche 13 after heavy storms. Bob’s family was extremely 14 for everyone’s efforts in the rescue. Their quick actions turned what could have been a deadly 15 into a remarkable survival story. 1．A．Gradually B．Sadly C．Happily D．Similarly 2．A．save B．schedule C．waste D．treasure 3．A．caring about B．running after C．giving up D．hunting for 4．A．scene B．company C．castle D．hospital 5．A．quit B．demand C．delay D．provide 6．A．training B．rate C．situation D．strategy 7．A．difficulties B．traditions C．threats D．expectations 8．A．decorated B．burned C．noticed D．hid 9．A．dug B．hiked C．skied D．drew 10．A．concerned B．awake C．stuck D．capable 11．A．inspired B．targeted C．trapped D．identified 12．A．referred B．jogged C．wheeled D．rushed 13．A．risk B．shelter C．survivor D．forecast 14．A．hungry B．impatient C．grateful D．proud 15．A．disease B．disaster C．research D．battle 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Bob 和朋友驾驶雪地摩托时意外引发雪崩，Bob 被雪完全掩埋，在雪崩发生一个多小时后，救援人员发现了 Bob 的安全气囊，最终成功救出了被困 65 分钟的 Bob。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，他们意外引发了一场雪崩，Bob 被完全掩埋了。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Sadly不幸地；C. Happily高兴地；D. Similarly相似地。根据下文“they accidentally caused an avalanche, and Bob was completely buried” 可知，意外引发雪崩且 Bob 被埋是一件不幸的事。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的朋友没有浪费时间，迅速拨打了 911，然后开始搜寻他。A. save节省；B. schedule安排时间；C. waste浪费；D. treasure珍视。根据下文“and quickly called 911” 可知，朋友迅速采取行动，没有浪费时间。故选C。 3．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他的朋友没有浪费时间，迅速拨打了 911，然后开始搜寻他。A. caring about关心；B. running after追赶；C. giving up放弃；D. hunting for搜寻。根据上文 “Bob was completely buried” 可知，因为 Bob 被雪崩掩埋，所以朋友打电话后应是开始搜寻他。故选D。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：4 支搜救犬队伍和 27 名救援人员被派往现场。A. scene现场；B. company公司；C. castle城堡；D. hospital医院。根据上文“On February 17 at 12:11 p. m., Bob and his friend were driving snowmobiles in the Shrine Bowl area.___1_____ they accidentally caused an avalanche, and Bob was completely buried.” 可知，事故发生在 Shrine Bowl 地区，所以救援人员被派往这个现场。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于恶劣的冬季条件，“生命飞行” 直升机无法提供帮助。A. quit放弃；B. demand要求；C. delay延迟；D. provide提供。根据上文“because of bad winter conditions” 可知，因为天气恶劣，直升机无法提供帮助。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：雪崩专家说，被埋在雪下仅仅 15 分钟后，生存几率就会大大降低。A. training训练；B. rate比率，几率；C. situation情况；D. strategy策略。根据常识以及文章中提到被埋时间与生存的关系，可知这里说的是生存几率。生存几率况在被埋 15 分钟后大大降低。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但出乎所有人的预料，在下午 1 点 13 分，也就是雪崩发生一个多小时后，一名搜寻者注意到一块小布从碎片中露出来。A. difficulties困难；B. traditions传统；C. threats威胁；D. expectations预料。根据上文提到被埋 15 分钟后生存几率大大降低，而这里在雪崩发生一个多小时后发现了 Bob，所以是出乎预料的。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但出乎所有人的预料，在下午 1 点 13 分，也就是雪崩发生一个多小时后，一名搜寻者注意到一块小布从碎片中露出来。A. decorated装饰；B. burned燃烧；C. noticed注意到；D. hid隐藏。根据下文“a small piece of cloth sticking out of the debris. It turned out to be part of Bob’s airbag.” 可知，是搜寻者注意到了这块布。故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：救援人员迅速在 0.6 到 0.7 米深的雪中挖掘。A. dug挖掘；B. hiked徒步旅行；C. skied滑雪；D. drew绘画。根据上文“Bob was completely buried”可知，因为 Bob 被埋在雪下，所以救援人员需要在雪中挖掘。故选A。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他们发现 Bob 是清醒的，而且能够说话，尽管他已经被困了 65 分钟。A. concerned担心的；B. awake清醒的；C. stuck卡住的；D. capable有能力的。根据上文“Bob was completely buried”以及下文“and able to talk” 可知，Bob 能说话，说明他是清醒的。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他们发现 Bob 是清醒的，而且能够说话，尽管他已经被困了 65 分钟。A. inspired激励；B. targeted把…… 作为目标；C. trapped被困住；D. identified识别。根据上文 Bob 被雪崩掩埋，可知他是被困住了。根据上文“they accidentally caused an avalanche, and Bob was completely buried.” 可知，Bob 被埋就是被困住了。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他被用雪地摩托送到了一辆等待的救护车上，然后被迅速送往顶峰医疗中心接受治疗。A. referred提到；参考；B. jogged慢跑；C. wheeled用轮椅推；D. rushed迅速送去；急忙送。根据下文“to Summit Medical Center for treatment” 可知，要送 Bob 去医院接受治疗，结合语境应是迅速送去。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：雪崩发生在一场暴雨过后，雪崩风险很高的一天。A. risk风险；B. shelter庇护所；C. survivor幸存者；D. forecast预报。根据下文“after heavy storms” 可知，暴雨后发生雪崩，说明这一天雪崩风险高。故选A。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Bob 的家人对救援中每个人的努力非常感激。A. hungry饥饿的；B. impatient 不耐烦的；C. grateful感激的；D. proud 骄傲的。根据下文“for everyone's efforts in the rescue” 可知，Bob 被成功救出，家人对救援人员的努力应是感激的。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的迅速行动将一场可能致命的灾难转变成了一个非凡的幸存故事。A. disease疾病；B. disaster灾难；C. research研究；D. battle战斗。根据上文第 “they accidentally caused an avalanche, and Bob was completely buried.” 可知，雪崩是一场灾难。故选B。 Passage3.Having an emergency plan and actually carrying it out are two entirely different things. People may have all the 1 in the world about what to do during a tornado but still freeze up (僵住) when it actually 2 . All that information and preparation would have been for 3 . 9-year-old Branson Baker did not 4 but instead quickly acted and saved his parents’ lives when their truck 5 during a tornado. The storm uprooted a tree, which hit their truck. Branson’s parents were injured and 6 in the truck. Thankfully, Branson was able to get out of the damaged truck. Instead of remaining frozen in 7 , the little guy started a mile-long walk to get help. Eventually, Branson returned to the 8 with help for his mother and father. Branson’s father, Wayne, said that his son 9 in a way that other children of his age or adults wouldn’t have. “Branson 10 action really quick,” Wayne said. “For a 9-year-old boy, he’s very 11 . Not many adults would have done what he did.” Wayne 12 that he could not be more proud of a son that could accept a 13 in that circumstance. Branson is 14 a hero, putting aside his fears and anxiety to save lives. We could really depend on someone who is as brave and calm if 15 were to come. 1．A．consideration B．knowledge C．appreciation D．expectation 2．A．disappears B．exists C．forms D．strikes 3．A．none B．nothing C．something D．everything 4．A．break down B．calm down C．look out D．reach out 5．A．slid B．survived C．crashed D．restarted 6．A．attacked B．locked C．lost D．stuck 7．A．peace B．patience C．fear D．surprise 8．A．tornado B．scene C．operation D．building 9．A．acted B．illustrated C．marched D．proceeded 10．A．dropped B．changed C．controlled D．took 11．A．courageous B．professional C．creative D．graceful 12．A．demanded B．explained C．insisted D．added 13．A．contribution B．challenge C．proposal D．protest 14．A．obviously B．luckily C．legally D．traditionally 15．A．aid B．chances C．disasters D．revival 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．A 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了9岁男孩布兰森在龙卷风中勇救父母的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们可能知道在龙卷风期间该做什么，但当它真正来临时还是会不知所措。A. consideration考虑；B. knowledge知识；C. appreciation欣赏；D. expectation期望。根据下文的“All that information and preparation”可知，此处表示人们知道在龙卷风期间该做什么，have knowledge about“了解”。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们可能知道在龙卷风期间该做什么，但当它真正来临时还是会不知所措。A. disappears消失；B. exists存在；C. forms形成；D. strikes袭击。根据上文“People may have all the 1 in the world about what to do during a tornado”及常识可知，此处表示当龙卷风真正“袭击/到来”时，人们还是不知所措。故选D。 3．考查代词词义辨析。句意：所有的信息和准备都将白费。A. none一个也没有（三者及三者以上）；B. nothing没有什么；C. something某物；D. everything一切。根据上文“People may have all the 1   in the world about what to do during a tornado but still freeze up when it actually 2 ”可知，此处表示虽然人们知道在龙卷风期间该做什么，但当它真正来临时还是会不知所措，所以所有的信息和准备都将“白费”。for nothing“徒劳，白费”。故选B。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：9岁的Branson Baker在龙卷风期间，当一家人的卡车被撞时，他没有崩溃，而是迅速采取行动，救下了父母的性命。A. break down崩溃；B. calm down冷静下来；C. look out当心；D. reach out伸出。根据下文“but instead quickly acted and saved his parents’ lives when their truck 5　 during a tornado. ”可知，此处表示9岁的Branson Baker没有像其他人一样崩溃，反而在卡车出事故时迅速行动。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：9岁的Branson Baker在龙卷风期间，当一家人的卡车被撞时，他没有崩溃，而是迅速采取行动，救下了父母的性命。A. slid滑动；B. survived幸存；C. crashed碰撞，撞车；D. restarted重新开始。根据下文“The storm uprooted a tree, which hit their truck”可知，暴风雨连根拔起一棵树，撞上了他们的卡车，即Branson Baker家的卡车被撞。故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Branson的父母受伤了，被困在卡车里。A. attacked攻击；B. locked锁；C. lost失去；D. stuck卡住，被困住。根据上文“The storm uprooted a tree, which hit their truck”及“Branson’s parents were injured”和下文“in the truck”可知，此处表示Branson的父母受伤了，被“卡住/被困住”在卡车里。故选D。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：小家伙没有因为害怕而僵住，而是开始走一英里多路去寻求帮助。A. peace和平；B. patience耐心；C. fear害怕；D. surprise惊讶。根据上文“The storm uprooted a tree, which hit their truck. Branson’s parents were injured and 　6　 in the truck.”及“Instead of remaining frozen in”可知，父母受伤且被困在车里，此处表示小家伙没有因为“害怕”而僵住。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，Branson带着救援人员回到了事故现场，帮助他的父母。A. tornado龙卷风；B. scene现场；C. operation手术；D. building建筑物。根据上文“The storm uprooted a tree, which hit their truck. Branson’s parents were injured and 　6　 in the truck.”及“Branson returned to the”可知，此处表示Branson带着救援人员回到了卡车被撞的“现场”，去救援他的父母。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Branson的父亲韦恩说，他的儿子的表现不像其他同龄的孩子或成年人。A. acted行动；B. illustrated阐明；C. marched行军；D. proceeded进行。根据下文“in a way that other children of his age or adults wouldn’t have”可知，此处表示Branson的行动不像其他同龄的孩子或成年人。act in a way“以……方式行动”。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“Branson行动非常快，”Wayne说。A. dropped掉落；B. changed改变；C. controlled控制；D. took拿，采取。根据下文“action really quick”可知，此处表示Branson“采取”行动非常快。take action“采取行动”。故选D。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于一个9岁的男孩来说，他很勇敢。A. courageous勇敢的；B. professional专业的；C. creative有创造力的；D. graceful优雅的。根据上文“Instead of remaining frozen in 　7　　, the little guy started a mile-long walk to get help.”和“For a 9-year-old boy, he’s very”可知，此处表示布兰森很“勇敢”。故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Wayne补充说，他为在那种情况下能接受挑战的儿子感到非常自豪。A. demanded要求；B. explained解释；C. insisted坚持；D. added补充。根据上文“ “Branson 　10　 action really quick,” Wayne said. “For a 9-year-old boy, he’s very 　11　　. Not many adults would have done what he did.””及下文“that he could not be more proud of a son that could accept a 13　 in that circumstance.”可知，此处是Wayne对上文的话的补充，表示Wayne“补充”说。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Wayne补充说，他为在那种情况下能接受挑战的儿子感到非常自豪。A. contribution贡献；B. challenge挑战；C. proposal提议；D. protest抗议。根据下文“in that circumstance”可知，此处表示Branson在那种情况下能接受“挑战”，Wayne为他感到骄傲。故选B。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Branson显然是个英雄，他放下恐惧和焦虑去救人。A. obviously显然地；B. luckily幸运地；C. legally合法地；D. traditionally传统地。根据下文“a hero”可知，Branson拯救了家人，显然Branson是个英雄。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果灾难来临，我们真的可以依靠那些勇敢而冷静的人。A. aid援助；B. chances机会；C. disasters灾难；D. revival复兴。根据上文“People may have all the 1　　　 in the world about what to do during a tornado but still freeze up (僵住) when it actually 　　　2　　　.”和“We could really depend on someone who is as brave and calm if”及下文“were to come”可知，此处表示如果“灾难”来临，我们可以依靠那些勇敢而冷静的人。故选C。 Passage4.In the morning, Slim got up and prepared breakfast for his wife as usual. Nicole, his wife, was listening to music in the bedroom. 1 , he felt that his body was shaking. Slim had the 2 response that there was an earthquake! He shouted quickly, “Dear, earthquake! Go to the toilet!” Nicole heard the shouting, 3 the first aid box quickly and ran into the toilet. The house was 4 even more dramatically. Bathroom was the next door to the kitchen. Slim picked up a kitchen 5 and two pieces of bread outside the kitchen. Slim tried to run along the wall to help Nicole. 6 , it got dark suddenly with an explosion. The house 7 down and many things fell from above. Nicole was quickly buried in 8 . She felt breathing very difficult. She tried to stand up, but 9 . A few minutes later, the land was 10 . Nicole heard the sound of short breath and thought it was Slim! She shouted to him but no 11 ! He probably fainted. Nicole kept saying his name and she finally heard a response. Two people encouraged and 12 each other. They knew that there must be a way to escape. Slim found that they were close and were 13 by the fallen stones and some powder. He started to dig with the kitchen knife. He felt 14 from his fingers. Finally, he removed the last piece of larger stones. Slim touched Nicole’s one hand, then dug the 15 stones of her body. Finally, Nicole had a steady breathing slowly. Two people sat on the ground and hugged together. 1．A．Unfortunately B．Actually C．Suddenly D．Really 2．A．rapid B．recent C．second D．best 3．A．used up B．found up C．put away D．took up 4．A．shaking B．burning C．falling D．moving 5．A．tool B．knife C．fork D．cook 6．A．Therefore B．However C．Instead D．Besides 7．A．lay B．kept C．crashed D．bent 8．A．pieces B．ashes C．dirt D．ruins 9．A．senseless B．impossible C．impractical D．invaluable 10．A．silent B．usual C．flat D．normal 11．A．hope B．sign C．response D．result 12．A．touched B．held C．called D．calmed 13．A．separated B．wrapped C．fastened D．limited 14．A．cold B．pain C．water D．warmth 15．A．sticking B．dealing C．spreading D．surrounding 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Slim和Nicole在地震发生时的逃生经历及互相救助的过程。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，他感到自己的身体在颤抖。A. Unfortunately不幸地；B. Actually实际上；C. Suddenly突然；D. Really确实。根据常识及下文“he felt that his body was shaking.”可知，地震是突然发生。故选C。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Slim立刻有了最快的反应，意识到发生了地震！A. rapid快速的；B. recent最近的；C. second第二；D. best最好的。根据下文“He shouted quickly”可知，Slim对地震的第一反应是迅速的。故选A。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Nicole听到呼喊声，迅速拿起急救箱跑进了厕所。A. used up用完；B. found up找到；C. put away收起；D. took up拿起。根据下文“the first aid box”可知，Nicole拿起了急救箱。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：房子摇晃得更加剧烈了。A. shaking摇晃；B. burning燃烧；C. falling掉落；D. moving移动。根据上文“there was an earthquake”可知，地震时房屋会摇晃。故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Slim在厨房外拿起一把厨房刀具和两片面包。A. tool工具；B. knife刀子；C. fork叉子；D. cook厨师。根据下文“He started to dig with the kitchen knife.”可知，Slim在厨房外拿起一把刀具。故选B。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，突然间天黑了下来，伴随着一声爆炸。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Instead反而；D. Besides此外。根据上文“Slim tried to run along the wall to help Nicole”及下文“it got dark suddenly with an explosion”可知，句子前后为转折关系。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：房子倒塌下来，许多东西从上面掉下来。A. lay躺下；B. kept保持；C. crashed倒塌；D. bent弯曲。根据下文“many things fell from above”可知，房子倒塌了。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Nicole很快就被废墟埋住了。A. pieces碎片；B. ashes灰烬；C. dirt泥土；D. ruins废墟。根据上文“The house ___7___ down and many things fell from above.”可知，地震后房子倒塌，一切被掩埋在废墟中。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她试图站起来，但这是不可能的。A. senseless无意识的；B. impossible不可能的；C. impractical不实用的；D. invaluable非常宝贵的。根据上文“Nicole was quickly buried in ___8___. She felt breathing very difficult.”可知，Nicole被埋在废墟中，想站起来是不可能的。故选B。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几分钟后，地面安静下来。A. silent安静的；B. usual平常的；C. flat平坦的；D. normal正常的。根据下文“Nicole heard the sound of short breath”可知，地面恢复了宁静。故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她向他呼喊，但没有回应！A. hope希望；B. sign标志；C. response回应；D. result结果。根据下文“He probably fainted.”可知，Nicole没有得到回复。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个人互相鼓励，互相安抚。A. touched感动；B. held持有；C. called呼叫；D. calmed使镇定。根据上文“Two people encouraged”及下文“They knew that there must be a way to escape.”可知，两个人互相鼓励让对方镇静下来。故选D。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Slim发现他们之间很近，但是被倒下的石头和一些粉末隔开了。A. separated分开；B. wrapped包裹；C. fastened固定；D. limited限制。根据下文“by the fallen stones and some powder”可知，两人被障碍物隔开。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他感到手指上传来的疼痛。A. cold冷；B. pain痛；C. water水；D. warmth温暖。根据上文“He started to dig with the kitchen knife”可知，他的手指感觉疼痛。故选B。 15．考查形容词（动词）词义辨析。句意：Slim摸到了Nicole的一只手，然后挖她身体周围的石头。A. sticking粘的；B. dealing处理；C. spreading传播；D. surrounding周围的。根据下文“Two people sat on the ground and hugged together.”可知，Slim清除了Nicole身体周围的石头。故选D。 1 / 33 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$