Unit 1 A new start 语法Grammar 句子成分和基本句型-2025-2026学年高一英语必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（外研版2019）

Unit 1 A new start单元重点语法练习 句子成分和基本句型 一、单项选择 1．She lost her wallet on the way home. A．object B．verb C．adverbial D．attributive 2．Beijing is the capital of China. A．subject B．object C．verb D．adverbial 3．The lady in the front of the room seemed to be someone famous. A．宾语 B．表语 C．状语 D．定语 4．I enjoyed the evening that we spent together by the sea. What sentence element (句子成分) does the underlined part serve as? A．adverbial (状语) B．complement (补语) C．attributive (定语) D．appositive (同位语) 5．句子 “My sister told me a long story.”中，a long story 是什么句子成分? A．主语 B．直接宾语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 6．Tired, hungry and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order . 句子中的谓语动词是______. A．tired B．knowing C．had D．order 7．短语 “slowly and steadily” 在句子中一般充当________ A．主语 B．宾语 C．状语 D．表语 8．What’s the subject complement in the sentence “The door was painted white.”? A．The door B．was painted C．white D．None of them 9．The school adviser helped me choose the appropriate ones.下划线部分是 成分. A．状语 B．表语 C．间接宾语 D．宾语补足语 10．In time you will find yourself growing into a well round individual. A．谓语 B．表语 C．状语 D．宾语补足语 11．In the sentence “It’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework.”, the underlined part is ________. A．宾语 B．主语 C．表语 D．状语 12．My parents will be let down when they hear you can’t come to the party. A．状语 B．补语 C．表语 D．定语 E．宾语 13．In the sentence “I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly.”, the underlined word “friendly” is ________. A．状语 B．定语 C．补足语 D．表语 14．You should register before Friday. A．主语 B．状语 C．谓语 D．宾补 15．Which of the following sentence follows the structure of “SVOC”? A．A car is coming. B．They found the room crowded with many people. C．His goal is to look after homeless children in the poor town. D．The old man showed us the way. 16．The sentence structure of “He lent me a book.” is ________ A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+O+OC D．S+V+P 17．I didn’t understand the meaning of his words.这句话的结构是_______ A．主+谓+宾+宾补 B．主+谓+宾 C．主+谓+间宾+直宾 D．主+系+表 18．I found an old man walking his dog in the park all the afternoon. (    ) A．S＋V＋O＋P＋A B．S＋V＋O＋A＋C C．S＋V＋O＋C＋A D．S＋V＋P+O＋A 19．“My mother gave me a present.” The structure of this sentence is________. A．S+V B．S+P C．S+V+IO(间接宾语)+DO(直接宾语) D．S+V+O 20．Which of the following four sentences is in S -V - IO - DO(主-谓-间接宾语-直接宾语)structure? A．All of us laughed! B．I missed my grandma. C．I had my first maths class at senior high school. D．He told us a funny story. 21．Which sentence is different from the others in view of its basic sentence pattern? A．He is an English teacher. B．We made Peter our monitor. C．The research proved difficult. D．The kind of food tastes delicious. 22．In order to make her mum have a good rest, she cleaned up the cupboard. A．SVOC B．SVO C．SVC D．SV 23．Choose the correct sentence structure for “She found the task challenging.” A．SV--IO--DO B．SVOA C．SVOC D．SVO 24．He noticed a man enter the room. A．SVOO B．SOA C．SVA D．SVOC 25．The sentence structure of “Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.” is _______. A．SVO B．SVP C．SVIODO D．SVOOC 26．Which sentence has a different sentence structure (句子结构) from the other three? A．He told me to keep calm. B．I saw her waiting at the bus stop. C．I have some questions to ask you. D．He help me have this washing machine repaired. 27．The sentence “He gave his sister a toy.” belongs to the structure of _____. A．Subject + Predicate + Object B．Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative C．Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object D．Subject + Predicate + Object + Complement 28．A balanced diet keeps the body healthy. A．SVO B．SVP C．SVOC D．SVOA 29．Which one of the following sentences uses the sentence structure of “SVOA”? (S: Subject; V: Verb; O: Object A: Adverbial) A．Our Campus Art Festival programmes received a great deal of attention from both inside and outside the school. B．All things there gave him a feeling of security and calmness. C．He is likely to recover from it. D．He came back in disappointment. 30．Analyze the structure of the following sentence: “We should keep the classroom clean and tidy.” A．SV B．SVO C．SV IO DO D．SVOC 二、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 31．The students got on the school bus. 32．He handed me the newspaper. 33．I shall answer your question after class. 34．What a beautiful Chinese painting! 35．They went hunting together early in the morning. 36．The apples tasted sweet. 37．His wish is to become a scientist. 38．Tom came to ask me for advice. 39．He found it important to learn English. 40．Do you have anything else to say? 41．To tell you the truth , your handwriting is not so good. 42．Would you please tell me your address? 43．He sat there, reading a newspaper. 44．It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 45．He noticed a man enter the room. 三、根据表格内容，写出下列句子的句型结构。 主谓 SV 主谓宾补 SVOC 主(系)表 SP 主谓状 SVA 主谓宾 SVO 主谓宾状 SVOA 主谓宾宾 SVOO 存现句 There be … 46．I love ice cream. 47．He found the English class difficult. 48．The engine just wouldn’t start. 49．I had pictured it over and over again in my mind. 50．My friend bought me a gift. 51．There’s always something exciting to do. 52．This was a good beginning. 53．I woke up early. 四、用汉语写出下列句子的基本结构 54．I saw a white-haired man. 55．I replied. 56．He gave me a smile. 57．I breathed deeply. 58．I looked at them in panic. 59．I was embarrassed. 60．His words made me a lot more relaxed. 61．She looked after her sister patiently. 62．The rain has stopped. 63．His hobby has brought him enjoyment. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 A new start单元重点语法练习 句子成分和基本句型 一、单项选择 1．She lost her wallet on the way home. A．object B．verb C．adverbial D．attributive 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：她在回家的路上把钱包丢了。A. object宾语；B.verb谓语；C. adverbial状语；D. attributive定语。划线部分lost是动词，作谓语。故选B。 2．Beijing is the capital of China. A．subject B．object C．verb D．adverbial 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：北京是中国的首都。本句为主系表结构，其中Beijing作主语。故选A。 3．The lady in the front of the room seemed to be someone famous. A．宾语 B．表语 C．状语 D．定语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：坐在房间前面的那位女士似乎是个名人。主语为The lady；in the front of the room为介词短语作定语修饰名词lady；seemed为系动词；to be someone famous为表语。故选B。 4．I enjoyed the evening that we spent together by the sea. What sentence element (句子成分) does the underlined part serve as? A．adverbial (状语) B．complement (补语) C．attributive (定语) D．appositive (同位语) 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我很喜欢我们一起在海边度过的那个夜晚。划线部分是什么句子成分？根据句意及所给句子可知，I是主语，enjoyed是谓语，the evening是宾语，that we spent together by the sea是定语从句，修饰先行词evening，其中that在从句中作宾语。故选C。 5．句子 “My sister told me a long story.”中，a long story 是什么句子成分? A．主语 B．直接宾语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我的姐姐给我讲了一个很长的故事。told为动词作谓语，直接宾语为讲述的故事，即a long story，me为间接宾语。故选B。 6．Tired, hungry and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order . 句子中的谓语动词是______. A．tired B．knowing C．had D．order 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我们又累又饿，又不会说中文，根本不知道怎么点餐。句子主语是I，谓语动词是had，宾语是no idea，构成主谓宾结构。Tired, hungry and not knowing a word of Chinese为状语成分。故选C。 7．短语 “slowly and steadily” 在句子中一般充当________ A．主语 B．宾语 C．状语 D．表语 【答案】C 【详解】考查副词。“slowly and steadily”是副词短语，表示“缓慢而稳定地”，在句中应该是修饰动词或者整个句子，也就是充当状语，说明动作进行的方式、状态等情况。故选 C。 8．What’s the subject complement in the sentence “The door was painted white.”? A．The door B．was painted C．white D．None of them 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：门被漆成了白色。在被动语态句中，对主语进行补充说明的是主语补足语。此句“The door was painted white.”中，“The door”是主语，“was painted”是谓语，“white”用于补充说明主语“The door”被漆成的颜色，所以主语补足语是“white”。故选C。 9．The school adviser helped me choose the appropriate ones.下划线部分是 成分. A．状语 B．表语 C．间接宾语 D．宾语补足语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：学校顾问帮我选择了合适的。分析句子结构可知，“The school adviser”是主语，“helped”是谓语，“me”是宾语，“choose the appropriate ones”是宾语补足语。故选D项。 10．In time you will find yourself growing into a well round individual. A．谓语 B．表语 C．状语 D．宾语补足语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：随着时间的推移，你会发现自己成长为一个成熟的人。分析句子可知，介词短语“In time”为状语，代词“you”为主语，“will find”为谓语部分，代词“yourself”为宾语，划线部分为现在分词作宾语补足语，故选D。 11．In the sentence “It’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework.”, the underlined part is ________. A．宾语 B．主语 C．表语 D．状语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构和成分。句意：要习惯这么多家庭作业是相当困难的。分析句子结构可知，本句使用了“it be+adj.+to do...”句型，意为“做……是……的”，该句型中it是形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。所以划线部分to get used to all the homework是不定式作主语。故选B项。 12．My parents will be let down when they hear you can’t come to the party. A．状语 B．补语 C．表语 D．定语 E．宾语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：当我父母听说你不能来参加聚会时，他们会很失望的。分析句子结构，when引导的是一个时间状语从句，充当状语成分。故选A。 13．In the sentence “I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly.”, the underlined word “friendly” is ________. A．状语 B．定语 C．补足语 D．表语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：在“我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好”这句话中，带下划线的单词“友好”是补足语。分析句子结构可知，I“我”，作主语；found“发现”，作谓语；most of my classmates and teachers“我的大多数同学和老师”，作宾语；friendly“友好的”是对宾语的补充说明，作宾语补足语。故选C。 14．You should register before Friday. A．主语 B．状语 C．谓语 D．宾补 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：你应该在周五前注册。You是主语，should register是谓语动词，before Friday是时间状语。故选B。 15．Which of the following sentence follows the structure of “SVOC”? A．A car is coming. B．They found the room crowded with many people. C．His goal is to look after homeless children in the poor town. D．The old man showed us the way. 【答案】B 【详解】考查基本句型。A. A car is coming.主语（S）：A car，谓语（V）：is coming，是S+V结构；B. They found the room crowded with many people.主语（S）：They，谓语（V）：found，宾语（O）：the room，补语（C）：crowded with many people，这个句子完全符合SVOC结构；C. His goal is to look after homeless children in the poor town.主语（S）：His goal，谓语（V）：is，表语（Predicate Nominative）：to look after homeless children in the poor town，是S+V+P结构；D. The old man showed us the way.主语（S）：The old man，谓语（V）：showed，间接宾语（Indirect Object）：us，直接宾语（Direct Object）：the way，是SVOO。综上所述，只有选项B符合SVOC结构。故选B。 16．The sentence structure of “He lent me a book.” is ________ A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+O+OC D．S+V+P 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：他借给我一本书。主语（S）为He，lent为动词作谓语（V），me为间接宾语（IO），a book为直接宾语（DO）。故选B。 17．I didn’t understand the meaning of his words.这句话的结构是_______ A．主+谓+宾+宾补 B．主+谓+宾 C．主+谓+间宾+直宾 D．主+系+表 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我不明白他的话的意思。I是主语，didn’t understand是谓语，the meaning of his words是宾语，整个句子为“主+谓+宾”结构，即SVO。故选B。 18．I found an old man walking his dog in the park all the afternoon. (    ) A．S＋V＋O＋P＋A B．S＋V＋O＋A＋C C．S＋V＋O＋C＋A D．S＋V＋P+O＋A 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我发现一位老人整个下午都在公园遛狗。主语为I，谓语为found，an old man为宾语，walking his dog为现在分词短语作宾语补足语，in the park all the afternoon为地点和时间状语。故选C。 19．“My mother gave me a present.” The structure of this sentence is________. A．S+V B．S+P C．S+V+IO(间接宾语)+DO(直接宾语) D．S+V+O 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：“My mother gave me a present. (我妈妈给了我一份礼物。)”的句子结构是什么？A. 主语+谓语；B. 主语+表语；C. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；D. 主语+谓语+宾语。分析句子结构可知，My mother“我妈妈”，作主语；gave“给”，作谓语；me“我”，作间接宾语；a present“一份礼物”作直接宾语；因此句子结构为：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。故选：C。 20．Which of the following four sentences is in S -V - IO - DO(主-谓-间接宾语-直接宾语)structure? A．All of us laughed! B．I missed my grandma. C．I had my first maths class at senior high school. D．He told us a funny story. 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。选项A“All of us laughed! (我们都笑了！)”是“主-谓”结构，主语为All of us，谓语为laughed；选项B“I missed my grandma. (我想念我的奶奶。)”是“主-谓-宾”的结构，主语为I，谓语为missed，宾语为my grandma；选项C“I had my first maths class at senior high school. (我在高中上了第一堂数学课。)”是“主-谓-宾-状”的结构，主语为I，谓语为had，宾语为my first maths class，地点状语为at senior high school.；选项D“He told us a funny story. (他给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。)”是“主-谓-间接宾语-直接宾语”结构，主语为He，谓语为told，间接宾语为us，直接宾语为story。故选D项。 21．Which sentence is different from the others in view of its basic sentence pattern? A．He is an English teacher. B．We made Peter our monitor. C．The research proved difficult. D．The kind of food tastes delicious. 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。要求“从基本句型来看，哪个句子与其他句子不同？” A. He is an English teacher. 他是一名英语老师。为“主系表”句型；B. We made Peter our monitor.我们选彼得当班长。为“主谓宾宾补”句型；C. The research proved difficult.研究证明很困难。为“主系表”句型；D. The kind of food tastes delicious. 这种食物尝起来很美味。为“主系表”句型，因此，B选项与其他句子的基本类型不同。故选B。 22．In order to make her mum have a good rest, she cleaned up the cupboard. A．SVOC B．SVO C．SVC D．SV 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：为了让妈妈好好休息，她清理了碗柜。A. SVOC主谓宾宾补；B. SVO主谓宾；C. SVC主系表；D. SV主谓。In order to make her mum have a good rest为状语，she为主语，cleaned up为谓语，the cupboard为宾语，此处为“主+谓+宾”结构，即SVO。故选B项。 23．Choose the correct sentence structure for “She found the task challenging.” A．SV--IO--DO B．SVOA C．SVOC D．SVO 【答案】C 【详解】考查基本句型。句意：她发现任务具有挑战性。A. SV--IO--DO主谓+间宾+直宾；B. SVOA主谓宾状 ；C. SVOC主谓宾补；D. SVO主谓宾。分析句子的结构可知，此句为“find+宾语+宾补”的结构，其中宾语为the task，宾补为challenging。故选C。 24．He noticed a man enter the room. A．SVOO B．SOA C．SVA D．SVOC 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：他注意到一个人进了房间。句中主语为He，谓语动词为noticed，宾语为a man，enter the room为宾语补足语。所以本句为主谓宾补结构。故选D。 25．The sentence structure of “Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.” is _______. A．SVO B．SVP C．SVIODO D．SVOOC 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：研究这个国家的历史会让你的游览更加愉快。“Studying the history of the country”为动名词短语在句中作主语；“will make”在句中作谓语动词；“your visit”在句中作宾语；“much more enjoyable”在句中作宾语补足语。所以，这个句子的结构是 “主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”。故选D。 26．Which sentence has a different sentence structure (句子结构) from the other three? A．He told me to keep calm. B．I saw her waiting at the bus stop. C．I have some questions to ask you. D．He help me have this washing machine repaired. 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：哪个句子与其他三个句子结构不同？A. He told me to keep calm.他告诉我保持冷静；B. I saw her waiting at the bus stop.我看到她在公交车站等着；C. I have some questions to ask you.我有一些问题要问你；D. He help me have this washing machine repaired.他帮助我修理了这台洗衣机。A项、B项和D项是主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语结构；C项是主语+谓语+宾语+后置定语结构，故选C。 27．The sentence “He gave his sister a toy.” belongs to the structure of _____. A．Subject + Predicate + Object B．Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative C．Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object D．Subject + Predicate + Object + Complement 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：他给了妹妹一个玩具。在这个句子里，“He”是主语；“gave”是谓语动词；“his sister”是间接宾语；“a toy”是直接宾语。所以该句是“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构。故选C项。 28．A balanced diet keeps the body healthy. A．SVO B．SVP C．SVOC D．SVOA 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：均衡的饮食可以保持身体健康。本句中主语为A balanced diet，keeps为谓语，这里为“keep+宾语+宾补”结构，宾语为the body，宾补为形容词healthy，因此本句是主谓宾补结构。故选C。 29．Which one of the following sentences uses the sentence structure of “SVOA”? (S: Subject; V: Verb; O: Object A: Adverbial) A．Our Campus Art Festival programmes received a great deal of attention from both inside and outside the school. B．All things there gave him a feeling of security and calmness. C．He is likely to recover from it. D．He came back in disappointment. 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：以下哪一句使用了“SVOA”的句子结构？（S：主语；V：谓语；O：宾语A：状语）A项（我们的校园艺术节节目受到了校内外的广泛关注。）：主语Our Campus Art Festival programmes，谓语received，宾语a great deal of attention，状语from both inside and outside the school，是“SVOA”的句子结构。故选A项。 30．Analyze the structure of the following sentence: “We should keep the classroom clean and tidy.” A．SV B．SVO C．SV IO DO D．SVOC 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我们应该保持教室干净整洁。分析句子结构可知，本句的主语是we，谓语动词是should keep，宾语是the classroom，形容词clean and tidy作宾语补足语。所以整个句子的结构为主谓宾补。故选D。 二、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 31．The students got on the school bus. 32．He handed me the newspaper. 33．I shall answer your question after class. 34．What a beautiful Chinese painting! 35．They went hunting together early in the morning. 36．The apples tasted sweet. 37．His wish is to become a scientist. 38．Tom came to ask me for advice. 39．He found it important to learn English. 40．Do you have anything else to say? 41．To tell you the truth , your handwriting is not so good. 42．Would you please tell me your address? 43．He sat there, reading a newspaper. 44．It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 45．He noticed a man enter the room. 【答案】 31．主语  定语 32．宾语 33．谓语 状语 34．定语 35．状语 36．表语 37．主语  表语 38．状语 39．形式宾语  真正的宾语 40．定语 41．状语 42．间接宾语 直接宾语 43．状语 44．形式主语  真正的主语 45．宾语补足语 【解析】31．考查名词。句意：学生们上了校车。句子结构为主谓宾结构，名词the students为主语；school为名词对bus进行修饰作定语。故答案为主语和定语。 32．考查代词。句意：他把报纸递给我。句中使用代词宾格me作宾语。故答案为宾语。 33．考查动词和介词短语。句意：课后我将回答你的问题。句中使用shall answer作谓语，after class介词短语作时间状语。故答案为谓语和状语。 34．考查形容词。句意：多漂亮的中国画啊！形容词beautiful作定语，修饰名词。故答案为定语。 35．考查副词和介词短语。句意：他们一大早就一起去打猎。句中使用early作状语修饰动词，同时使用介词短语作时间状语。故答案为状语。 36．考查形容词。句意：苹果尝起来很甜。句中使用形容词sweet作表语。故答案为表语。 37．考查名词和非谓语动词。句意：他的愿望是成为一名科学家。句子结构为主系表结构，his wish为句子的主语，不定式结构为表语。故答案为主语和表语。 38．考查不定式结构和介词短语。句意：汤姆来向我征求意见。句中不定式结构为目的状语，for advice为介词短语作状语。故答案为状语。 39．考查代词和不定式结构。句意：他发现学习英语很重要。该结构中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后文的不定式结构。故答案为形式宾语和真正的宾语。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：你还有什么要说的吗？句中使用不定式结构作后置定语对anything else进行修饰。故答案为定语。 41．考查不定式结构。句意：说实话，你的字写得不太好。句中使用不定式结构作状语。故答案为状语。 42．考查代词和名词。句意：你能告诉我你的地址吗？句中使用名词your address作直接宾语，代词宾格me作间接宾语。故答案为间接宾语和直接宾语。 43．考查非谓语动词。句意：他坐在那里看报纸。句中使用现在分词作伴随状语，he与read之间是主动关系，且表示伴随发生。故答案为状语。 44．考查。代词和不定式结构。句意：保持教室干净整洁是我们的责任。句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后文的不定式结构。故答案为形式主语和真正主语。 45．考查非谓语动词。句意：他注意到一个人进了房间。分析句子，设空处使用不定式结构作宾补成分，其中省略不定式中的to。故答案为宾语补足语。 三、根据表格内容，写出下列句子的句型结构。 主谓 SV 主谓宾补 SVOC 主(系)表 SP 主谓状 SVA 主谓宾 SVO 主谓宾状 SVOA 主谓宾宾 SVOO 存现句 There be … 46．I love ice cream. 47．He found the English class difficult. 48．The engine just wouldn’t start. 49．I had pictured it over and over again in my mind. 50．My friend bought me a gift. 51．There’s always something exciting to do. 52．This was a good beginning. 53．I woke up early. 【答案】46．SVO(主谓宾) 47．SVOC(主谓宾补) 48．SV(主谓) 49．SVOA(主谓宾状) 50．SVOO(主谓宾宾) 51．There be…(存现句) 52．SP(主系表) 53．SVA(主谓状) 【解析】46．考查句子结构。句意：我喜欢冰淇淋。主语是I“我”，谓语是love“喜欢”，宾语是ice cream，故填SVO(主谓宾)。 47．考查句子结构。句意：他觉得英语课很难。主语是He“他”，谓语是found“觉得”，宾语是the English class“英语课”，宾语补足语是difficult“难的”，故填SVOC(主谓宾补)。 48．考查句子结构。句意：引擎就是发动不起来。主语是The engine“引擎”，谓语是wouldn’t start“发动不起来”，故填SV(主谓)。 49．考查句子结构。句意：我在脑海里一遍又一遍地想象它。主语是I“我”，谓语是had pictured“想象”，宾语是it，状语是over and over again in my mind“在我的脑海里一遍又一遍地”，故填SVOA(主谓宾状)。 50．考查句子结构。句意：我的朋友给我买了一份礼物。主语是My friend“我的朋友”，谓语是bought“买”，间接宾语是me“我”，直接宾语是a gift“一份礼物”，故填SVOO(主谓宾宾)。 51．考查句子结构。句意：总有一些令人兴奋的事情可做。There’s“有”，主语是something exciting“一些令人兴奋的事情”，后置定语是to do“要做的”，故填There be…(存现句)。 52．考查句子结构。句意：这是一个好的开始。主语是This“这”，谓语是was“是”，表语是a good beginning“一个好的开始”，故填SP(主系表) 53．考查句子结构。句意：我很早醒来。主语是I“我”，谓语是woke up“醒来”，状语是early“早地”，故填SVA(主谓状)。 四、用汉语写出下列句子的基本结构 54．I saw a white-haired man. 55．I replied. 56．He gave me a smile. 57．I breathed deeply. 58．I looked at them in panic. 59．I was embarrassed. 60．His words made me a lot more relaxed. 61．She looked after her sister patiently. 62．The rain has stopped. 63．His hobby has brought him enjoyment. 【答案】 54．主语+谓语（+定语）+宾语 55．主语+谓语 56．主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 57．主语+谓语（+状语） 58．主语+谓语+宾语（+状语） 59．主语+系动词+表语 60．主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 61．主语+谓语+宾语（+状语） 62．主语+谓语 63．主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 【解析】54．考查句子结构。句意：我看见一个白发老人。I为主语，saw为谓语，名词短语a white-haired man为宾语，其中white-haired为修饰man的定语。故答案为：主语+谓语（+定语）+宾语。 55．考查句子结构。句意：我给出了回复。I为主语，replied为谓语。故答案为：主语+谓语。 56．考查句子结构。句意：他对我笑了笑。He为主语，gave为谓语，me为宾间接语，a smile为直接宾语。故答案为：主语+谓语+间宾+直宾。 57．考查句子结构。句意：我深深地吸了一口气。I为主语，breathed为谓语，deeply为修饰breathed的状语。故答案为：主语+谓语（+状语）。 58．考查句子结构。句意：我惊恐地看着他们。I为主语，looked at为谓语，them为宾语，in panic为修饰looked at的状语。故答案为：主语+谓语+宾语（+状语）。 59．考查句子结构。句意：我很尴尬。I为主语，was为系动词，embarrassed为表语。故答案为：主语+系动词+表语。 60．考查句子结构。句意：他的话使我放松了许多。His words为主语，made为谓语，me为宾语，a lot more relaxed为宾语补足语。故答案为：主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。 61．考查句子结构。句意：她耐心地照顾她的妹妹。She为主语，looked after为谓语，her sister为宾语，patiently为修饰looked after的状语。故答案为：主语+谓语+宾语（+状语）。 62．考查句子结构。句意：雨停了。The rain为主语，has stopped为谓语。故答案为：主语+谓语。 63．考查句子结构。句意：他的爱好给他带来了快乐。His hobby为主语，has brought为谓语，him为间接宾语，enjoyment为直接宾语。故答案为：主语+谓语+间宾+直宾。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$