第01讲 沪教版2020必修一词汇（词性转换，短语词组，词汇综合检测）（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第01讲 沪教版必修一词汇 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4 考点一 Unit 1 Our world 4 知识点1 读单词、识词义 4 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 6 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 7 考向1 补全句子翻译 7 考向2 单元话题选词填空 8 考点二 Unit 2 Places 13 知识点1 读单词、识词义 13 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 14 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 15 考向1 补全句子翻译 16 考向2 单元话题选词填空 18 考点三 Unit 3 Choices 21 知识点1 读单词、识词义 21 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 21 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 23 考向1 补全句子翻译 24 考向2 单元话题选词填空 26 考点四 Unit 4 My space 30 知识点1 读单词、识词义 31 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 31 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 32 考向1 补全句子翻译 32 考向2 单元话题选词填空 35 考点要求 考题统计 考情分析 教材词汇 课标词汇 近几年出现超纲词（含熟词生义；派生词；转化词） perception strategic methodology eradicate alleviate mitigate 一：新高考词汇难度增大。高频词深度化考查成为绝对主流；检测学生对核心词在语篇语境下的词汇深层理解和运用能力，要求建立以核心词为主的语义网络。 二：学术词汇（AWL）考查量激增与语境化。学术词汇表（Academic Word List）在最近试卷中出现频率增长较多，且呈现：生物领域：culture=细胞培养（非文化） 经济文本：fluctuation=市场波动。检测"中国文化→英语思维→国际表达"的转换能力，要求考生建立概念对等而非字面对应的认知模式。在备考中，应当注重掌握课标，扩充课外阅读量。 1. 稳中有升增加对熟词生义的考查。 2. 适度考查一些学生不常接触的高考词汇。 3. 加大了对构词法的考查力度。 4. 全面考查词汇在语境中灵活运用的能力，如情境意识、同义转换和概要思维能力。 复习目标：以新课标词汇为依据，上外、上教版新教材单词表为蓝本，以近年新高考真题为导向，在一轮词汇复习中夯实词汇基础，并反复积累，运用构词法扩大词汇量并在大量的语篇阅读中迁移词汇运用能力，大胆猜测熟词的生义并积累地道的搭配和习惯用语。 考点一Unit1 Our world 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 digital adj. 数字信息系统的；数码的；数字式的 go digital typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的；不出所料的；特有的 a typical day event n. 发生的事情；（尤指）重要的事情，大事 current events onto 介词 （与动词连用，表示朝某处或某位置运动）向，朝 get onto midnight n. 子夜，午夜 at midnight routine n. 常规，正常顺序 daily routine scene n. 场面；片段，镜头 on the scene earn v. 挣得，赚得，挣钱 earn money death n. 死亡，死 cause of death button n. 扣子；纽扣 press a button type n. 类型；种类 type of unique adj. 独特的；唯一的 unique style respond v. 反应 respond to select v. 挑选；选择 select from organization n. 组织；机构；团体 international organization goal n. 目标，目的 achieve one's goal partner n. 搭档，同伴；配偶；v. 结成伙伴 business partner improve v. (使)改进，（使）改善； improve on currently adv. 当前，现在； currently available schedule n. 工作计划，日程安排 on schedule conference n. 会议 international conference quality n. 质量；品质 quality control deliver v. 给与，递送 deliver a speech inspire v. 鼓励；鼓舞 inspire sb to do sth tip n. 指点，实用的提示 tip for acquire v. 获得；习得 acquire knowledge challenge n. 挑战 take on a challenge volunteer n. 志愿者，义务工作者； v. 自愿做，义务做 volunteer for location n. 地方，地点，位置 in a location length n. 长度，（持续）时间的长短 length of time electricity n. 电 supply of electricity material n. (某一活动所需的)材料 material used senior adj. 年长的；高级的；n. 较年长的人 senior citizen junior adj. 初级的； junior member freedom n. (权利或状态)自由 freedom of speech dorm n. 集体宿舍；学生宿舍 in the dorm aspect n. 方面；层面 one aspect of exploration n. 探究，研究；探测 space exploration edit v. 编辑，校订(文章、书籍等) edit a book particular adj. 专指的；特指的 be particular about element n. 元素，要素 key element behavior n. 行为 human behavior related adj. 相关的；有联系的 related to lantern n. 灯笼 Chinese lantern tradition n. 传统 cultural tradition reflect v. 显示，表明，表达 reflect on attitude n. 态度；看法 positive attitude respect n. 尊重 show respect for description n. 描述 give a description 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. digital adj. 数字信息系统的；数码的；数字式的→digitally adv. 数字地；数字化地 2. typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的→typically adv. 典型地；通常地 3. event n. 发生的事情；（尤指）重要的事情，大事→eventual adj. 最终的→eventually adv. 最后；终于 4. routine n. 常规，正常顺序→routinely adv. 例行地；常规地 5. scene n. 场面；片段，镜头→scenic adj. 风景的；风景如画的 6. earn v. 挣得，赚得，挣钱→earner n. 赚钱者→earnings n. 赚的钱；收入 7. unique adj. 独特的；唯一的→uniquely adv. 独特地→uniqueness n. 独特性；唯一性 8. select v. 挑选；选择→selection n. 选择；选拔→selective adj. 选择性的→selectively adv. 选择性地 9. partner n. 搭档，同伴；配偶；v. 结成伙伴→partnership n. 合伙；合作→partnered adj. 合作的 10. improve v. (使)改进，（使）改善→improvement n. 改善；改进→improvable adj. 可改进的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1. video clip 视频片段；视频剪辑 2. time capsule 时间文物贮藏器（收藏具有时代特征的物品）；时间胶囊 3. in all 总共 4. hula hoop 呼啦圈 5. well off 富有的；富裕的 6. be keen on 喜爱，对……着迷；有兴趣 7. paper towel 厚纸巾 8. be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧 9. on behalf of 代表…… 10. refer to 描述；涉及；与……相关 11. Chinese knot 中国结 12. dragon boat 龙舟；龙船 考向1 补全句子翻译 A. volunteer B. routine C. particular D. inspire E. challenge F. scene G. reflect H. acquire I. typical J. unique K. domestic 1. The carvings represent a hunting . 这些雕刻作品描绘了一幅狩猎的场面。 2. The new government's first is the economy. 新政府面临的第一项挑战是经济。 3. The ocean would more heat and light. 海洋会反射更多的光和热。 4. Ted was very about the colours he used. 特德对于他使用的颜色是非常挑剔的。 5. Aunt Mary to clean up the kitchen. 玛丽姨妈主动要求打扫厨房。 6. Administrative personnel should also some technical skills. 管理人员也应该学几门手艺。 7. The window had been replaced last week during maintenance. 那窗在上星期的例行检修中已被换掉了。 8. This success will me to greater efforts. 这次成功大大地鼓励了我下次更加努力。 9. This painting is a work of Rembrandt(伦勃朗). 这幅画是一幅典型的伦勃朗作品。 10. Mary is a very interesting person who has her interpretation of life. 玛丽是一个非常有趣的人，她对生活有着独特的理解。 考向2 选词填空 （2025·上海闵行·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．switch    B．cost    C． deadliest    D．flooding    E. items    F. shipping G. translates    H. packed    I. sticks    J. lightweight    K. recycle     Plastic is everywhere, but it’s not great for our health or the planet. In the past, a typical box from Amazon — an online shopping platform — arrived 1 with plastic air pillows (枕头) made from flexible plastic film. When plastic film is thrown away, it often ends up in landfills or in the environment, including the oceans, where it can injure and kill marine life. In studies of 80 marine species that died after swallowing a variety of plastic rubbish, flexible plastic proved to be the 2 . Now Amazon announced that by October 2024, it had removed all plastic air pillows from its delivery packaging. “We want to make sure the final package is easy to 3 at home,” says Pat Lindner, Amazon’s vice president of sustainable packaging. To make the 4 , the company had to make sure that a replacement would work as well as the plastic version. It actually turned out to perform better. The number of packages that get damaged in shipment was reduced. Amazon worked with suppliers to find a 5 , 100% recycled paper that’s easier to wrap around an object to protect it. The paper also takes up less space, so now more 6 fit in a smaller box. That 7 to using less gas or electricity, in the case of the company’s electric vans to make a delivery. It’s a welcome change following years of pressure from environmental groups to stop plastic pollution 8 into oceans. “The fact that the world’s largest e-commerce company has made plastic air pillows a thing of history globally is fantastic news for the world’s oceans,” the nonprofit Oceana said in a statement in response to Amazon’s announcement. Plastic is cheap, but the new system saves the company money since there’s less risk that something will break during 9 and need replacement, Lindner says. “And so the fact that we can deliver packages more safely and with less damage is a 10 saving to us.” （2009·上海·高考真题）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．contents       B．taking       C． carefully       D．plastic      E. packaging F. declined       G. freely        H. typical        I. contracts      J. registered If the package looks pretty, people will buy just about anything. So says an advertising executive in New York, and he has proved his point by selling boxes of rubbish for the price of an expensive bottle of wine. Justin Gignac, 26, has sold almost 900 11 presented plastic boxes of rubbish from the street of Big Apple at between ＄50 and ＄100 each. Buyers from 19 countries have paid for the souvenirs (纪念品). The idea has been so successful that he is thinking of promoting it around the world. It all began when Mr Gignac was at a summer workshop, “We had a discussion about the importance of 12 ,” he recalls. “Someone said packaging was unimportant. I disagreed. The only way to prove it was by selling something nobody would ever want.” He searches the streets of Manhattan and typical 13 include broken glass, subway tickets, Starbucks cups and used 14 forks. “Special editions” are offered at a high price. He charged ＄100 for rubbish from the opening day of the New York Yankees’ stadium. Mr Gignac denies 15 his customers for fools: “They know what they’re getting. They appreciate the fact that they’re taking something nobody would want and finding beauty in it.” Some 16 customers include people who used to live in the city and want a down-to-earth souvenir. He claims he has even sold to art collectors. Realizing that the concept appears to be a real money-maker, Mr Gignac has 17 a company and is employing his girlfriend as vice president. He 18 to discuss his profit margins: “It’s actually quite a lot of effort putting them together — but yes, garbage is free.” Mr Gignac is considering more varieties of souvenirs. He maintains that he has signed 19 with people interested in similar projects from as far as Berlin and London. 考点二Unit 2 Places词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 destination n. 目的地 final destination million num. 一百万 millions of amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的 an amazing experience historic adj. 历史上重要的 historic site site n. 地点 construction site former adj. 以前的 former president poetry n. 诗歌；诗作 write poetry basis n. 基础；要素 on the basis of court n. 宫殿 royal court originally adv. 原先；起初 originally from defence n. 防御 national defence nowadays adv. 当前；目前 nowadays trend view n. 景色，风景 scenic view memory n. 回忆；记忆 memory of contribute v. 捐献 contribute to scientific adj. 科学（上）的 scientific research admire v. 钦佩 admire sb for sth statue n. 雕塑，雕像 statue of liberty fancy adj. 昂贵的；奢华的 fancy restaurant feature n. 特色；特征；特点 key feature position n. 地位 in a position to opportunity n. 机会；时机 opportunity for transport n. 交通运输系统 public transport disappoint v. 使失望 disappoint sb structure n. 结构；构造 building structure sculpture n. 雕像；雕塑品 modern sculpture weapon n. 武器；兵器 nuclear weapon crowded adj. 人多的；拥挤的 crowded place indicate v. 表明；显示 indicate that afterwards adv. 以后；后来 see you afterwards downtown adv. 在市中心，往市中心 go downtown moment n. 某一时刻 at the moment envelope n. 信封 open an envelope cafe n. 咖啡馆，小餐馆 local cafe vote v. 投票 vote for chat v. 闲聊；聊天 chat with nowhere adv. 无处；哪里都不 nowhere to go embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的 feel embarrassed shocked adj. 震惊的 be shocked at opinion n. 意见；想法；看法 in one's opinion blog n. 博客 start a blog settle v. 定居 settle down adventure n. 冒险；冒险的经历 go on an adventure energetic adj. 精力充沛的 energetic performance origin n. 起源；源头 place of origin desert n. 沙漠 in the desert entrance n. 入口 main entrance battle n. 战役；战斗 battle against 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. destination n. 目的地→destine v. 预定；使注定→destined adj. 注定的 2. amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的→amaze v. 使惊讶→amazed adj. 感到惊讶的→amazement n. 惊讶 3. historic adj. 历史上重要的→historical adj. 历史的；与历史有关的→history n. 历史 4. site n. 地点→situate v. 位于；处于→situated adj. 位于……的 5. defence n. 防御→defensive adj. 防御的；守势的→defensively adv. 防御性地 6. view n. 景色，风景→viewer n. 观众；旁观者→viewpoint n. 观点；见解 7. contribute v. 捐献→contribution n. 贡献；捐款→contributor n. 贡献者；投稿者 8. scientific adj. 科学（上）的→science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家 9. statue n. 雕塑，雕像→statue-like adj. 像雕像的→statuelike adj. 如雕像的 10. feature n. 特色；特征；特点→featureless adj. 无特征的→featured adj. 有……为特征的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1. belong to 属于某人；归某人所有 2. in case 以防；以防万一 3. in the distance 在远方 4. a variety of 各种各样的 5. prime minister 首相；总理 考向1 补全句子翻译 1. I was really , but then I saw the funny side of it. 我确实感到尴尬，但接着我发现了事情好笑的一面。 2. Jon in one of the show's most thrilling episodes. 乔恩主演了该剧中最惊悚的几集之一。 3. What I is not what you have, but what you are. 我所羡慕的不是你所拥有的东西，而是你是什么。 4. On the social level, improvement in the quality of life can greatly to social harmony. 在社会层面，生活质量的提高非常有助于社会和谐。 5. The of the Dragon Boat Festival is to recall the soul of Qu Yuan. 龙舟节的起源是为了缅怀屈原的灵魂。 6. We are living in a great era. 我们正处在一个伟大的历史时代。 7. There is heavy traffic in the area tonight. 今夜闹市区交通繁忙。 8. The magazine was packaged in a plastic case with attractive graphics. 这本杂志装在一个带有漂亮图纹的别致塑料盒子里。 9. Her decision to cancel the concert is bound to her fans. 她决定取消这场音乐会，肯定会使她的歌迷失望。 10. Doctors study the of the human body. 医生研究人体构造。 考向2 选词填空 （2021·上海·高考真题）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．applauding    B．entry-level  C． struck  D．fascination  E. back-seat  F. stuck G. stand         H. promoter   I. hook   J. dominant     K. empowered The nature is part of us. Therefore, it holds a mysterious 1 for me. In my memory, the valley was quiet and calm, only to see the wheat all over the mountains waving together in rhythm when the wind blew through, like a ballet troupe. The sun rose every morning as usual, sweeping across the valley and ultimately falling behind the peaks. The snow that falls in winter always melts in spring, bringing new hope to this nature where everything was pleasant and beautiful. Led by fate, I have became an environmentalist and had the honor of being invited to address students about my green lifestyle for a long time. The students were surprised at my lifestyle and maybe they thought my lifestyle was no longer suitable for modern life. Fortunately, they were still listened to whole lecture, saluting or 2 me——to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me. As I began to interact with them under the stage, I was 3 by kids’ lack of knowledge of nature so that they had little knowledge of protecting environment. After the address, I put up a stand in the 4 offering green food, hoping them interested in it to get the 5 experiencing a first-hand feeling of the green lifestyle no one shows any interest in. So I decided to team up with the concert 6 to run a campaign: “anyone who can answer a(n) 7 environmental question is qualified to attend the concert. Soon the music can 8 them coming here”. Since then , I have been considering why kids today do not have the same deep appreciation for nature that I do. One of the significant factors may be that the former rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization. In the past, the poor played the 9 role in the nature, so they cleared the wasteland, planted crops and reproduced civilization. With the massive invasion of industrialization and urbanization, people were forced to move away from nature. The struggle between tradition and modernity, the confrontation between humans and nature has led people to believe that they are the masters of the universe. Is this really the case? It is time to think about who 10 us to destroy nature. （2025·上海浦东新·三模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accurately  B．craft  C． double-check  D．functions  E. laborious F. narrow G. pools  H. progressively  I. shares  J. tips  K. unlock Ask the right way With the introduction of accessible new AI systems like ChatGPT, travel will never be the same. AI has simplified planning and made it easier to discover new experience. Instead of a march through 11 research, users get similar results with a quick conversation with AI. AI is great for some travel 12 , like generating ideas, highlighting small businesses, and translating languages, but there are tricks to use it well, especially when it comes to traveling. Here’s how to best use AI for travel. Once you have chosen your destinations, 13 your search. AI is skilled at responding to specific interests, whether you’re looking for the best restaurant in an area or designing a five-day travel plan of off-the-beaten-path museums. AI is also useful in finding responses to prompts (提示) like “less crowded” or “underrated.” It is because unlike platforms such as TripAdvisor, the system 14 knowledge from all corners of the web, interprets results to fit your inquires best and then delivers the information in a conversational way. To 15 a good prompt, it’s crucial to ask questions in your native language. AI models can speak and understand many languages, and your grammar matters. The more precise your punctuation (标点) , spelling, and grammar, the more 16 AI will be able to understand you. Finally, always 17 AI’s answers against other sources as cross-referencing its suggestions with trusted platforms adds an extra layer of confidence to your planning. By mastering these 18 you can tap into this powerful generative engine to ensure a safer, better-informed and more satisfying travel experience. Every day, AI is rapidly evolving as more start-ups and companies figure out the best ways to 19 its potential to deliver information using natural language. As the system 20 gets more access to the web, learns what users want, and becomes more “intelligent, ” it will continue to shift travel in unexpected and groundbreaking ways. The future of travel is here. 考点三Unit 3 Choices词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 convenience n. 方便；便利 for convenience label n. 标签 read the label global adj. 全球的；全世界的 global warming snack n. 点心；小吃；快餐 healthy snack packaging n. 包装材料 plastic packaging recycle v. 回收利用 recycle waste facility n. （供特定用途的）场所 sports facility plastic n. 塑料 plastic bag container n. 容器 storage container greenhouse n. 温室 in a greenhouse energy-efficient adj. 节能的 energy-efficient appliances amount n. 数量；数额 large amount gas n. 气体 natural gas impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用 have an impact on determine v. 明；测定；准确算出 determine the cause stress n. 压力 under stress cattle n. 牛 head of cattle frozen adj. 冷冻的；冷藏的 frozen food link v. 连接 link to teenager n. （13至19岁之间的）青少年 teenage years diet n. 日常饮食；日常食物 balanced diet details n. 具体情况 in detail yoghurt n. 酸奶 plain yoghurt slim adj. 苗条的；纤细的 slim figure image n. 形象；印象 public image source n. 起源；根源；原因 source of income expert n. 专家；行家；能手 expert opinion loss n. 丧失；损失；丢失 loss of life actually adv. （在口语中用于强调事实）的确，真实地，事实上 actually mean tend v. 往往会；常常就 tend to do moreover adv. 此外，而且 moreover, it is equal adj. （大小、数量、价值等）相同的，同样的；相等的 equal rights comment n. 评论；解释 have a comment on host n. （电视或广播的）节目主持人 host a show remind v. 提醒；使想起 remind sb of sth apologize v. 道歉；谢罪 apologize for pudding n. （餐末的）甜食，甜点 Christmas pudding decoration n. 装饰品 Christmas decoration consumer n. 消费者；顾客；用户 consumer goods despite prep. 即使；尽管 despite the fact prove v. 证明；证实 prove to be retired adj. 已退休的，已退职的 retired teacher groceries n. 食品杂货 buy groceries establish v. 查实；确定；证实 establish the truth legally adv. 合法地 legally binding permit v. 允许；准许 permit to do assume v. 假定；假设；认为 assume that carbon footprint n. 碳足迹（日常活动所产生的碳排放量的量度方式） reduce carbon footprint rubbish dump n. 垃圾场；废物堆 local rubbish dump carbon dioxide n. 二氧化碳 emit carbon dioxide 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. convenience n. 方便；便利→convenient adj. 方便的；便利的→conveniently adv. 便利地 2. global adj. 全球的；全世界的→globe n. 地球；球体→globally adv. 全球地 3. snack n. 点心；小吃；快餐→snack bar 快餐吧→snack-sized adj. 小吃大小的 4. recycle v. 回收利用→recyclable adj. 可回收的→recycler n. 回收者 5. plastic n. 塑料→plasticity n. 可塑性；弹性→plasticize v. 使成塑料；使有弹性 6. amount n. 数量；数额→amount to 合计达→quantify v. 量化 7. impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用→impacting v. 冲击；碰撞→impactive adj. 有冲击力的 8. determine v. 明；测定；准确算出→determination n. 决心；果断→determinable adj. 可决定的 9. loss n. 丧失；损失；丢失→lose v. 失去；丢失→losable adj. 可丢失的 10. expect v. 期望；指望→expectation n. 期望；预期→unexpected adj. 意外的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1. carbon footprint 碳足迹（日常活动所产生的碳排放量的量度方式） 2. rubbish dump 垃圾场；废物堆 3. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 4. put ... aside 忽视；不理睬；忘记 5. peanut butter 花生酱 6. baked potato （带皮）烤土豆 7. junk food 垃圾食品 8. vending machine （出售饮料等的）自动售货机 9. pay regard to 注意；关注；关心 10. traffic accident 交通事故 考向1 补全句子翻译 establish apologize comment loss recycle slim global assume permit remind determine 1. The loss of glaciers due to warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. 由于全球变暖带来的冰川融化对农业造成了巨大的威胁。 2. If we try our best to the wastes, we can reduce pollution and conserve natural resources. 如果我们尽力回收废物，我们可以减少污染，保护自然资源。 3. A fleet sailed for New South Wales to the first European settlement in Australia. 一支舰队驶向新南威尔士去建立欧洲在澳大利亚的第一个移民地。 4. It is quite reasonable to that modern science and technology will continue to advance. 人们认为科技会继续进步，这个预测是有道理的。 5. Cash machines you to withdraw money at any time. 取款机可让你随时取款。 6. We for the late arrival of the train. 我们为火车误点表示歉意。 7. You really can't until you know the facts. 你的确不能在你知道事实之前进行评论。 8. They me of the time when I used to live in Spain. 它们让我想起那些我在西班牙生活的日子。 9. An inquiry was set up to the cause of the accident. 已展开调查以确定事故原因。 10. The war brought massive devastation and of life to the region. 战争给该地区造成巨大的破坏以及生命的丧失。 考向2 单元话题选词填空 （2025·上海青浦·二模）Directions:  Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.  Each word can be used only once.  Note that there is one word more than you need. A．controlling    B．practically      C． sort         D．litter    E. claimed      F. diet           G. inefficient     H. revolutionary   I. commercial    J. reborn   K. theoretically A New Way to Break Down “Unrecyclable” Plastic Waste The world is miserable at recycling plastics. Currently, just 10-15% of the plastic waste we generate annually is recycled — with the rest burned, buried in landfill or dumped as 1 . A big part of the problem is that much of the waste is a pile of different dirty plastics mixed with food, inks and labels. It’s expensive to clean and 2 this mess into streams of single-polymer plastic — the kind that is generally needed for conventional “mechanical” recycling, in which plastic is cut, melted and re-formed into small balls, ready for new products. That explains the excitement around a chemical plant that will start 3 operations this year in northeast England. It can, 4 , take any kind of plastic waste, including mixed plastics considered “unrecyclable”, and break it down into chemicals that are similar to those extracted from oil. With further processing, these chemicals can be turned back into fresh plastic. If successful, it could be a powerful example of a circular manufacturing process — in which plastic is used and reprocessed over and over again — potentially 5 the world’s dependence on fossil resources to make original plastics. The facility uses a variation on a concept called chemical recycling, which breaks plastics apart into smaller chemical building blocks. Its main competitor in this approach is pyrolysis: heating plastics to temperatures above 450 °C in a reactor without oxygen. But pyrolysis is energy-intensive and 6 , with much of the plastic being turned into something useless. Mura Technology, the London-based company behind the facility, says it is the first commercial-scale plant in the world to recycle plastic in this way. Mura has also declared the technology to be “ 7 ” because it “has the potential to help eliminate plastic waste, recycling all types of plastic to create a true circular economy”.   In practice, as Mura explains, the plant is currently picky about its 8 of plastic waste. And because, as with pyrolysis plants, not all of the facility’s products will be 9 as plastic, some critics say that the process shouldn’t count as recycling — an accusation that Mura rejects. These practicalities raise questions about the future of plastics pollution and whether chemical recycling can live up to its promised potential. The idea is not useless — but the real-life complications around the process make it less groundbreaking than 10 . （2025·上海金山·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．changes    B．current     C． delays            D．enclosed    E. identifiable     F. include        G. matching     H. movements        I. occurred    J. overriding        K. works We need a fourth white traffic light to ease traffic jams Engineers propose adding a white traffic light to let self-driving cars ease traffic jams. Studies show this fourth light could help autonomous vehicles (AVs) manage traffic flow and reduce travel time. Normally, the four-light system works like 11 three-light systems—red means stop, green means go. However, when enough self-driving cars approach a crossroads, the white light activates, 12 the standard signals. This tells human drivers that AVs are now directing vehicle 13 via wireless communication. Human drivers must simply follow the car ahead— 14 its stops or movements. A researcher, Dr. Ali, said, “Our ‘white phase’ concept taps into the computing power of AVs themselves. Entitling some of the traffic flow control to AVs 15 in any AV case. But we must 16 the white light concept at crossroads to clarify the situation for humans.” The colour of the ‘white light’ doesn’t matter. What’s important is that there should be a signal that is clearly 17 by drivers. Tests showed that small improvements in traffic flow 18 when as little as 10 per cent of the vehicles at a crossroads were autonomous. Dr Ali said, “For example, when 10 per cent of vehicles are autonomous, you see 19 reduced by 3 per cent. When 30 per cent are autonomous, they are reduced by 10.7 per cent.” While AVs aren’t ready for immediate use, researchers say it would require only minor 20 to crossroads and AV software updates. Critics warn that relying on humans to follow the “leader” rule poses risks, but the team believes this balances innovation with clear communication during the transition to AVs. 考点四Unit 4 My space词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 experiment n. 实验；试验 conduct an experiment capable adj. 有能力的 be capable of survive v. 生存；存活；继续存在 survive in unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地；可惜地；可悲地 unfortunately for labour-saving adj. 省力的；节省劳力的；降低劳动强度的 labour-saving device device n. 装置；仪器；器具；设备 electronic device immediately adv. 立即；马上；即刻 act immediately disappear v. 消失；不见 disappear from sight regularly adv. 有规律地 exercise regularly bomb n. 炸弹 atomic bomb goods n. 商品；货品 goods for sale petrol n. 汽油 petrol station boil v. （使）沸腾；煮沸；烧开 boil water aim n. 目的；目标 aim to do narrow adj. 狭窄的；窄小的 narrow path suffer v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨 suffer from argue v. 论证；说理；争辩 argue with decrease v. （使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低 decrease in apartment n. （通常指在同一楼层的）公寓套房 luxury apartment definitely adv. 肯定；当然；确实 definitely will stuff n. 东西，物品 stuff for sale downstairs adj. 楼下的 go downstairs piano n. 钢琴 play the piano talent n. 天才；天资；天赋 have a talent for curtain n. 窗帘 draw the curtain gather v. 搜集，收集（情报） gather information data n. 数据；资料；材料 collect data download v. 下载 download from software n. 软件 computer software company n. 公司；商号；商行 start a company load v. （把大量……）装上，装入 load up file n. 文件 open a file percentage n. 百分率；百分比 high percentage recommend v. 推荐 recommend sb to do sth prefer v. 较喜欢；喜欢……多于…… prefer to do responsibility n. 职责；义务；任务 sense of responsibility arrange v. 整理；排列；布置 arrange a meeting poster n. 海报 put up a poster extremely adv. 极其；极端；非常 extremely important slightly adv. 略微；稍微 slightly different technique n. 技术；技能 special technique grab v. 引人注意；吸引 grab attention brochure n. 资料（或广告）手册 tourist brochure intended adj. 意欲达到的；打算的；计划的 as intended ceiling n. 天花板；顶棚 high ceiling occasion n. 特别的事情（或仪式、庆典） on occasion upper-class adj. 上流社会的 upper-class family adult n. 成年人 adult education soul n. 灵魂 soul of time-honoured adj. 古老而受到尊重的；历史悠久的；由来已久的 time-honoured tradition style n. 风格；体 fashion style 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. experiment n. 实验；试验→experimental adj. 实验的；试验的→experimentally adv. 实验上地 2. capable adj. 有能力的→capability n. 能力；才能→capable of 有能力做…… 3. survive v. 生存；存活；继续存在→survival n. 幸存；生存→survivor n. 幸存者 4. device n. 装置；仪器；器具；设备→devise v. 设计；发明→devisable adj. 可设计的 5. aim n. 目的；目标→aimless adj. 无目的的；无目标的→aiming prep. 旨在；目的是 6. suffer v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨→suffering n. 痛苦；苦难→sufferer n. 受苦者 7. argue v. 论证；说理；争辩→argument n. 争论；辩论→arguable adj. 可争论的 8. decrease v. （使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低→decrease n. 减少；降低→decreasingly adv. 越来越少地 9. piano n. 钢琴→pianist n. 钢琴家→pianistic adj. 钢琴的；钢琴演奏的 10. talent n. 天才；天资；天赋→talented adj. 有才能的；天才的→talentless adj. 无才能的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1. hang on 等等（好像有什么不对或新的情况出现） 2. take cover 躲避；隐蔽 3. domestic chore 家务琐事 4. to somebody’s credit 使值得表扬；使受尊重 5. science fiction 科幻小说（或影片等） 6. be attractive to 对……有吸引力的 考向1 补全句子翻译 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The ____________has overspent on marketing. 这个公司在市场推广方面开支过多。 2. I could____________to meet with you any day next week. 我可以安排在下周的任何一天和你见一面。 3. I selected a ____________and pressed the delete key. 我选定了一份文件，然后按下了删除键。 4. Joseph is the right man for the job. You should ____________him. 约瑟夫是这份工作的合适人选。你该推荐他。 5. We didn't have any____________proof. 我们没有任何确凿的证据。 6. Carrying more than a light ____________on your bicycle makes it more difficult to control. 自行车上携带超额负载会使自行车更难以控制。 7. Be very careful with this____________, it can be dangerous if it isn't handled properly. 对这东西要小心，处理得不好可能会发生危险。 8. He ____________to get rid of the tipping practice. 他打算取消给小费的做法。 9. Two police officers had a narrow ____________when rioters attacked their vehicles. 暴徒们攻击他们的车辆时，两名警官死里逃生。 10. You are____________of better work than this. 你有能力做得比这更好。 考向2 单元话题选词填空 （2025·上海静安·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．commutes       B．incidental      C． boundary      D．cloud    E. contemporary      F. straight    G. fueled        H. facilitate     I. capitalize      J. presence        K. exploit Imagine walking into a bright office tower ten years aga: the hum of desktop computers and the sight of employees chained to their desks for eight 1 hours. The day begins at 9 and ends at 5, and productivity is measured by 2 , not output. Fast forward to today: the office has no assigned desks, and the workspace exists as much on telecommuting tools as it does in the building. Work has evolved, and with it, so has the very definition of where and how we work. Welcome to the age of the workspace — where flexibility, adaptability, and innovation are to redefine what productivity looks like. The rise of digital technologies, coupled with globalization, started to 3 the lines between work and location. Remote communication tools and mobile devices have empowered employees to work from anywhere, challenging the concept that productivity is tied to a specific place. The geographical 4 is fading away. Remote work, once considered an exception, has become a mainstream practice. Remote work, the practice of carrying out professional responsibilities outside the traditional office, has emerged as a game-changer in modern work culture. Greatly 5 by technological advancements, particularly the multiplication of cooperative tools, remote work has transferred from being a mere trend to becoming a vital component of the 6 work style. The rise of remote work lies in several factors. Rapid globalization has made it possible for teams to collaborate closely across time zones and continents. Technological innovations have birthed multiple digital platforms that 7 effective communication and project management from a distance. Organizations are increasingly recognizing the value of offering flexible work arrangements, contributing to the rise of remote work. The advantages of remote work extend to benefit employees as well. The employee experience is not merely 8 . It is fundamental to how organizations shape the productivity and well-being of their teams. Today’s employees prefer the independence and flexibility that remote work affords, allowing for improved work-life balance and the removal of time-consuming 9 . Employers, on the other hand, can 10 on reduced overhead costs and the ability to tap into the global talent pool, making the retaining of specialized talents more feasible than ever before. （2021·上海·高考真题）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．applauding    B．entry-level  C． struck  D．fascination  E. back-seat  F. stuck G. stand         H. promoter   I. hook   J. dominant     K. empowered The nature is part of us. Therefore, it holds a mysterious 11 for me. In my memory, the valley was quiet and calm, only to see the wheat all over the mountains waving together in rhythm when the wind blew through, like a ballet troupe. The sun rose every morning as usual, sweeping across the valley and ultimately falling behind the peaks. The snow that falls in winter always melts in spring, bringing new hope to this nature where everything was pleasant and beautiful. Led by fate, I have became an environmentalist and had the honor of being invited to address students about my green lifestyle for a long time. The students were surprised at my lifestyle and maybe they thought my lifestyle was no longer suitable for modern life. Fortunately, they were still listened to whole lecture, saluting or 12 me——to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me. As I began to interact with them under the stage, I was 13 by kids’ lack of knowledge of nature so that they had little knowledge of protecting environment. After the address, I put up a stand in the 14 offering green food, hoping them interested in it to get the 15 experiencing a first-hand feeling of the green lifestyle no one shows any interest in. So I decided to team up with the concert 16 to run a campaign: “anyone who can answer a(n) 17 environmental question is qualified to attend the concert. Soon the music can 18 them coming here”. Since then , I have been considering why kids today do not have the same deep appreciation for nature that I do. One of the significant factors may be that the former rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization. In the past, the poor played the 19 role in the nature, so they cleared the wasteland, planted crops and reproduced civilization. With the massive invasion of industrialization and urbanization, people were forced to move away from nature. The struggle between tradition and modernity, the confrontation between humans and nature has led people to believe that they are the masters of the universe. Is this really the case? It is time to think about who 20 us to destroy nature. 5 / 38 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第01讲 沪教版必修一词汇 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4 考点一 Unit 1 Our world 4 知识点1 读单词、识词义 4 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 6 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 7 考向1 补全句子翻译 7 考向2 单元话题选词填空 8 考点二 Unit 2 Places 13 知识点1 读单词、识词义 13 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 14 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 15 考向1 补全句子翻译 16 考向2 单元话题选词填空 18 考点三 Unit 3 Choices 21 知识点1 读单词、识词义 21 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 21 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 23 考向1 补全句子翻译 24 考向2 单元话题选词填空 26 考点四 Unit 4 My space 30 知识点1 读单词、识词义 31 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 31 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 32 考向1 补全句子翻译 32 考向2 单元话题选词填空 35 考点要求 考题统计 考情分析 教材词汇 课标词汇 近几年出现超纲词（含熟词生义；派生词；转化词） perception strategic methodology eradicate alleviate mitigate 一：新高考词汇难度增大。高频词深度化考查成为绝对主流；检测学生对核心词在语篇语境下的词汇深层理解和运用能力，要求建立以核心词为主的语义网络。 二：学术词汇（AWL）考查量激增与语境化。学术词汇表（Academic Word List）在最近试卷中出现频率增长较多，且呈现：生物领域：culture=细胞培养（非文化） 经济文本：fluctuation=市场波动。检测"中国文化→英语思维→国际表达"的转换能力，要求考生建立概念对等而非字面对应的认知模式。在备考中，应当注重掌握课标，扩充课外阅读量。 1. 稳中有升增加对熟词生义的考查。 2. 适度考查一些学生不常接触的高考词汇。 3. 加大了对构词法的考查力度。 4. 全面考查词汇在语境中灵活运用的能力，如情境意识、同义转换和概要思维能力。 复习目标：以新课标词汇为依据，上外、上教版新教材单词表为蓝本，以近年新高考真题为导向，在一轮词汇复习中夯实词汇基础，并反复积累，运用构词法扩大词汇量并在大量的语篇阅读中迁移词汇运用能力，大胆猜测熟词的生义并积累地道的搭配和习惯用语。 考点一Unit1 Our world 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 digital adj. 数字信息系统的；数码的；数字式的 go digital typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的；不出所料的；特有的 a typical day event n. 发生的事情；（尤指）重要的事情，大事 current events onto 介词 （与动词连用，表示朝某处或某位置运动）向，朝 get onto midnight n. 子夜，午夜 at midnight routine n. 常规，正常顺序 daily routine scene n. 场面；片段，镜头 on the scene earn v. 挣得，赚得，挣钱 earn money death n. 死亡，死 cause of death button n. 扣子；纽扣 press a button type n. 类型；种类 type of unique adj. 独特的；唯一的 unique style respond v. 反应 respond to select v. 挑选；选择 select from organization n. 组织；机构；团体 international organization goal n. 目标，目的 achieve one's goal partner n. 搭档，同伴；配偶；v. 结成伙伴 business partner improve v. (使)改进，（使）改善； improve on currently adv. 当前，现在； currently available schedule n. 工作计划，日程安排 on schedule conference n. 会议 international conference quality n. 质量；品质 quality control deliver v. 给与，递送 deliver a speech inspire v. 鼓励；鼓舞 inspire sb to do sth tip n. 指点，实用的提示 tip for acquire v. 获得；习得 acquire knowledge challenge n. 挑战 take on a challenge volunteer n. 志愿者，义务工作者； v. 自愿做，义务做 volunteer for location n. 地方，地点，位置 in a location length n. 长度，（持续）时间的长短 length of time electricity n. 电 supply of electricity material n. (某一活动所需的)材料 material used senior adj. 年长的；高级的；n. 较年长的人 senior citizen junior adj. 初级的； junior member freedom n. (权利或状态)自由 freedom of speech dorm n. 集体宿舍；学生宿舍 in the dorm aspect n. 方面；层面 one aspect of exploration n. 探究，研究；探测 space exploration edit v. 编辑，校订(文章、书籍等) edit a book particular adj. 专指的；特指的 be particular about element n. 元素，要素 key element behavior n. 行为 human behavior related adj. 相关的；有联系的 related to lantern n. 灯笼 Chinese lantern tradition n. 传统 cultural tradition reflect v. 显示，表明，表达 reflect on attitude n. 态度；看法 positive attitude respect n. 尊重 show respect for description n. 描述 give a description 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. digital adj. 数字信息系统的；数码的；数字式的→digitally adv. 数字地；数字化地 2. typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的→typically adv. 典型地；通常地 3. event n. 发生的事情；（尤指）重要的事情，大事→eventual adj. 最终的→eventually adv. 最后；终于 4. routine n. 常规，正常顺序→routinely adv. 例行地；常规地 5. scene n. 场面；片段，镜头→scenic adj. 风景的；风景如画的 6. earn v. 挣得，赚得，挣钱→earner n. 赚钱者→earnings n. 赚的钱；收入 7. unique adj. 独特的；唯一的→uniquely adv. 独特地→uniqueness n. 独特性；唯一性 8. select v. 挑选；选择→selection n. 选择；选拔→selective adj. 选择性的→selectively adv. 选择性地 9. partner n. 搭档，同伴；配偶；v. 结成伙伴→partnership n. 合伙；合作→partnered adj. 合作的 10. improve v. (使)改进，（使）改善→improvement n. 改善；改进→improvable adj. 可改进的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1. video clip 视频片段；视频剪辑 2. time capsule 时间文物贮藏器（收藏具有时代特征的物品）；时间胶囊 3. in all 总共 4. hula hoop 呼啦圈 5. well off 富有的；富裕的 6. be keen on 喜爱，对……着迷；有兴趣 7. paper towel 厚纸巾 8. be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧 9. on behalf of 代表…… 10. refer to 描述；涉及；与……相关 11. Chinese knot 中国结 12. dragon boat 龙舟；龙船 考向1 补全句子翻译 A. volunteer B. routine C. particular D. inspire E. challenge F. scene G. reflect H. acquire I. typical J. unique K. domestic 1. The carvings represent a hunting . 这些雕刻作品描绘了一幅狩猎的场面。 2. The new government's first is the economy. 新政府面临的第一项挑战是经济。 3. The ocean would more heat and light. 海洋会反射更多的光和热。 4. Ted was very about the colours he used. 特德对于他使用的颜色是非常挑剔的。 5. Aunt Mary to clean up the kitchen. 玛丽姨妈主动要求打扫厨房。 6. Administrative personnel should also some technical skills. 管理人员也应该学几门手艺。 7. The window had been replaced last week during maintenance. 那窗在上星期的例行检修中已被换掉了。 8. This success will me to greater efforts. 这次成功大大地鼓励了我下次更加努力。 9. This painting is a work of Rembrandt(伦勃朗). 这幅画是一幅典型的伦勃朗作品。 10. Mary is a very interesting person who has her interpretation of life. 玛丽是一个非常有趣的人，她对生活有着独特的理解。 Keys： 1-5：scene; challenge; reflect; particular; volunteered 6-10: acquire; routine; inspire; typical; unique 考向2 选词填空 （2025·上海闵行·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．switch    B．cost    C． deadliest    D．flooding    E. items    F. shipping G. translates    H. packed    I. sticks    J. lightweight    K. recycle     Plastic is everywhere, but it’s not great for our health or the planet. In the past, a typical box from Amazon — an online shopping platform — arrived 1 with plastic air pillows (枕头) made from flexible plastic film. When plastic film is thrown away, it often ends up in landfills or in the environment, including the oceans, where it can injure and kill marine life. In studies of 80 marine species that died after swallowing a variety of plastic rubbish, flexible plastic proved to be the 2 . Now Amazon announced that by October 2024, it had removed all plastic air pillows from its delivery packaging. “We want to make sure the final package is easy to 3 at home,” says Pat Lindner, Amazon’s vice president of sustainable packaging. To make the 4 , the company had to make sure that a replacement would work as well as the plastic version. It actually turned out to perform better. The number of packages that get damaged in shipment was reduced. Amazon worked with suppliers to find a 5 , 100% recycled paper that’s easier to wrap around an object to protect it. The paper also takes up less space, so now more 6 fit in a smaller box. That 7 to using less gas or electricity, in the case of the company’s electric vans to make a delivery. It’s a welcome change following years of pressure from environmental groups to stop plastic pollution 8 into oceans. “The fact that the world’s largest e-commerce company has made plastic air pillows a thing of history globally is fantastic news for the world’s oceans,” the nonprofit Oceana said in a statement in response to Amazon’s announcement. Plastic is cheap, but the new system saves the company money since there’s less risk that something will break during 9 and need replacement, Lindner says. “And so the fact that we can deliver packages more safely and with less damage is a 10 saving to us.” 【答案】 1．H 2．C 3．K 4．A 5．J 6．E 7．G 8．D 9．F 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了亚马逊公司为减少塑料污染，将其快递包装中的塑料气枕替换为可回收纸包装的举措及相关益处。 1．考查过去分词。句意：在过去，来自亚马逊 —— 一个在线购物平台 —— 典型包裹到达时被装满了由柔性塑料薄膜制成的塑料气枕。根据下文“with plastic air pillows (枕头) made from flexible plastic film. ”可知，“be packed with” 符合句意，是固定短语，意为 “被装满”，此处用过去分词 “packed” 作状语，表示被动和完成的动作，故填 H。 2．考查形容词最高级。句意：在对 80 种因吞食各种塑料垃圾而死亡的海洋物种的研究中，柔性塑料被证明是最致命的。根据语境及定冠词 “the” 可知，此处应填形容词最高级 “deadliest”，表示 “最致命的”，符合句意。故填C。 3．考查动词。句意：我们希望确保最终的包装在家里易于回收。“be easy to do sth.” 是固定结构，意为 “做某事是容易的”，此处需要一个动词，“recycle” 意为 “回收”，符合语境，故填K。 4．考查名词。句意：为了进行这种转变，公司必须确保替代品能像塑料版本一样有效。“make the switch” 是固定搭配，意为 “进行转变”符合句意，故填A。 5．考查形容词。句意：亚马逊与供应商合作，找到了一种轻便的、100% 回收的纸，这种纸更容易包裹物体以保护它。此处需要一个形容词修饰 “paper”，“lightweight” 意为 “轻量的，轻便的”，符合语境，故填J。 6．考查名词。句意：这种纸也占用更少的空间，所以现在更多的物品能装进一个更小的盒子里。根据“fit in a smaller box”可知，此处指更多的物品，“items” 意为 “物品”，符合语境，故填E。 7．考查动词。句意：这意味着在公司的电动货车送货的情况下，使用更少的汽油或电力。“translate to” 是固定短语，意为 “意味着，转化为”，主语 “That” 是第三人称单数，所以用 “translates”，符合句意。故填G。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是在多年来环保组织施加压力要求阻止塑料污染涌入海洋之后受到欢迎的改变。“stop sth. from doing sth.” 是固定结构，意为 “阻止某物做某事”，“flooding into” 意为 “涌入”符合语境，为动名词作宾语。故填D。 9．考查名词。句意：塑料很便宜，但新系统为公司节省了资金，因为在运输过程中东西损坏并需要更换的风险降低了。此处指在运输过程中，“shipping” 意为 “运输”，作宾语。符合语境，故填F。 10．考查名词。句意：所以我们能够更安全地递送包裹并且减少损坏，这对我们来说是成本的节省。“cost saving” 意为 “成本节省”符合语境，故填B。 （2009·上海·高考真题）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．contents       B．taking       C． carefully       D．plastic      E. packaging F. declined       G. freely        H. typical        I. contracts      J. registered If the package looks pretty, people will buy just about anything. So says an advertising executive in New York, and he has proved his point by selling boxes of rubbish for the price of an expensive bottle of wine. Justin Gignac, 26, has sold almost 900 11 presented plastic boxes of rubbish from the street of Big Apple at between ＄50 and ＄100 each. Buyers from 19 countries have paid for the souvenirs (纪念品). The idea has been so successful that he is thinking of promoting it around the world. It all began when Mr Gignac was at a summer workshop, “We had a discussion about the importance of 12 ,” he recalls. “Someone said packaging was unimportant. I disagreed. The only way to prove it was by selling something nobody would ever want.” He searches the streets of Manhattan and typical 13 include broken glass, subway tickets, Starbucks cups and used 14 forks. “Special editions” are offered at a high price. He charged ＄100 for rubbish from the opening day of the New York Yankees’ stadium. Mr Gignac denies 15 his customers for fools: “They know what they’re getting. They appreciate the fact that they’re taking something nobody would want and finding beauty in it.” Some 16 customers include people who used to live in the city and want a down-to-earth souvenir. He claims he has even sold to art collectors. Realizing that the concept appears to be a real money-maker, Mr Gignac has 17 a company and is employing his girlfriend as vice president. He 18 to discuss his profit margins: “It’s actually quite a lot of effort putting them together — but yes, garbage is free.” Mr Gignac is considering more varieties of souvenirs. He maintains that he has signed 19 with people interested in similar projects from as far as Berlin and London. 【答案】11．C 12．E 13．A 14．D 15．B 16．H 17．J 18．F 19．I 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Justin Gignac通过出售精心包装的街道垃圾作为纪念品，大获成功的故事。 11．考查形容词。句意：26岁的Justin Gignac以50到100美元不等的价格，卖出了近900个精心包装的塑料垃圾盒，这些垃圾来自纽约的街头。根据presented plastic boxes of rubbish可知，空格处应填副词修饰动词presented，carefully“仔细地”为副词，符合句意。故选C项。 12．考查名词。句意：他回忆道：“我们讨论了包装的重要性。”根据Someone said packaging was unimportant.可知，空格处应填名词packaging“包装”，作介词of的宾语。故选E项。 13．考查名词。句意：他搜索了曼哈顿的街道，典型的物品包括碎玻璃、地铁票、星巴克杯子和用过的塑料叉子。根据include broken glass, subway tickets, Starbucks cups and used __4__ forks可知，空格处应填名词复数形式表示泛指，作主语，contents“内容，所容纳之物”为名词复数形式，符合句意。故选A项。 14．考查形容词。句意：他搜索了曼哈顿的街道，典型的物品包括碎玻璃、地铁票、星巴克杯子和用过的塑料叉子。根据forks可知，空格处应填形容词作定语，plastic“塑料的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。 15．考查动词。句意：Gignac先生否认把他的顾客当傻瓜：“他们知道自己买的是什么。他们欣赏这样一个事实：他们拿的是别人不想要的东西，却从中发现了美。”根据his customers for fools可知，空格处应填动词，take sb. for a fool“把某人当傻瓜”，deny doing sth.“否认做某事”，所以空格处应用动名词形式taking。故选B项。 16．考查形容词。句意：一些典型的顾客包括那些曾经住在城市里，想要一件接地气的纪念品的人。根据people who used to live in the city and want a down-to-earth souvenir可知，空格处应填形容词作定语，typical“典型的”为形容词，符合句意。故选H项。 17．考查动词。句意：意识到这个概念似乎是一个真正的赚钱机器，Gignac先生注册了一家公司，并雇佣了他的女朋友担任副总裁。根据a company可知，空格处应填动词，register“注册”为动词，根据前文has可知，句子使用现在完成时，故空格处应填过去分词registered。故选J项。 18．考查动词。句意：他拒绝透露自己的利润率：“把它们组装起来实际上要付出很多努力——但没错，垃圾是免费的。”根据to discuss his profit margins可知，空格处应填动词，decline“拒绝”为动词，句子描述过去的一般情况，使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故选F项。 19．考查名词。句意：他坚称，他已经与来自柏林和伦敦等地对类似项目感兴趣的人签订了合同。根据signed可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，contract“合同”为可数名词，应用复数形式表示泛指。故选I项。 考点二Unit 2 Places词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 destination n. 目的地 final destination million num. 一百万 millions of amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的 an amazing experience historic adj. 历史上重要的 historic site site n. 地点 construction site former adj. 以前的 former president poetry n. 诗歌；诗作 write poetry basis n. 基础；要素 on the basis of court n. 宫殿 royal court originally adv. 原先；起初 originally from defence n. 防御 national defence nowadays adv. 当前；目前 nowadays trend view n. 景色，风景 scenic view memory n. 回忆；记忆 memory of contribute v. 捐献 contribute to scientific adj. 科学（上）的 scientific research admire v. 钦佩 admire sb for sth statue n. 雕塑，雕像 statue of liberty fancy adj. 昂贵的；奢华的 fancy restaurant feature n. 特色；特征；特点 key feature position n. 地位 in a position to opportunity n. 机会；时机 opportunity for transport n. 交通运输系统 public transport disappoint v. 使失望 disappoint sb structure n. 结构；构造 building structure sculpture n. 雕像；雕塑品 modern sculpture weapon n. 武器；兵器 nuclear weapon crowded adj. 人多的；拥挤的 crowded place indicate v. 表明；显示 indicate that afterwards adv. 以后；后来 see you afterwards downtown adv. 在市中心，往市中心 go downtown moment n. 某一时刻 at the moment envelope n. 信封 open an envelope cafe n. 咖啡馆，小餐馆 local cafe vote v. 投票 vote for chat v. 闲聊；聊天 chat with nowhere adv. 无处；哪里都不 nowhere to go embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的 feel embarrassed shocked adj. 震惊的 be shocked at opinion n. 意见；想法；看法 in one's opinion blog n. 博客 start a blog settle v. 定居 settle down adventure n. 冒险；冒险的经历 go on an adventure energetic adj. 精力充沛的 energetic performance origin n. 起源；源头 place of origin desert n. 沙漠 in the desert entrance n. 入口 main entrance battle n. 战役；战斗 battle against 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. destination n. 目的地→destine v. 预定；使注定→destined adj. 注定的 2. amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的→amaze v. 使惊讶→amazed adj. 感到惊讶的→amazement n. 惊讶 3. historic adj. 历史上重要的→historical adj. 历史的；与历史有关的→history n. 历史 4. site n. 地点→situate v. 位于；处于→situated adj. 位于……的 5. defence n. 防御→defensive adj. 防御的；守势的→defensively adv. 防御性地 6. view n. 景色，风景→viewer n. 观众；旁观者→viewpoint n. 观点；见解 7. contribute v. 捐献→contribution n. 贡献；捐款→contributor n. 贡献者；投稿者 8. scientific adj. 科学（上）的→science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家 9. statue n. 雕塑，雕像→statue-like adj. 像雕像的→statuelike adj. 如雕像的 10. feature n. 特色；特征；特点→featureless adj. 无特征的→featured adj. 有……为特征的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1. belong to 属于某人；归某人所有 2. in case 以防；以防万一 3. in the distance 在远方 4. a variety of 各种各样的 5. prime minister 首相；总理 考向1 补全句子翻译 structure contribute downtown embarrassed fancy deserve featured historic admire origin disappoint 1. I was really , but then I saw the funny side of it. 我确实感到尴尬，但接着我发现了事情好笑的一面。 2. Jon in one of the show's most thrilling episodes. 乔恩主演了该剧中最惊悚的几集之一。 3. What I is not what you have, but what you are. 我所羡慕的不是你所拥有的东西，而是你是什么。 4. On the social level, improvement in the quality of life can greatly to social harmony. 在社会层面，生活质量的提高非常有助于社会和谐。 5. The of the Dragon Boat Festival is to recall the soul of Qu Yuan. 龙舟节的起源是为了缅怀屈原的灵魂。 6. We are living in a great era. 我们正处在一个伟大的历史时代。 7. There is heavy traffic in the area tonight. 今夜闹市区交通繁忙。 8. The magazine was packaged in a plastic case with attractive graphics. 这本杂志装在一个带有漂亮图纹的别致塑料盒子里。 9. Her decision to cancel the concert is bound to her fans. 她决定取消这场音乐会，肯定会使她的歌迷失望。 10. Doctors study the of the human body. 医生研究人体构造。 1-5: embarrassed; featured; admire; contribute; origin 6-10: historic; downtown; fancy; disappoint; structure 考向2 选词填空 （2021·上海·高考真题）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．applauding    B．entry-level  C． struck  D．fascination  E. back-seat  F. stuck G. stand         H. promoter   I. hook   J. dominant     K. empowered The nature is part of us. Therefore, it holds a mysterious 1 for me. In my memory, the valley was quiet and calm, only to see the wheat all over the mountains waving together in rhythm when the wind blew through, like a ballet troupe. The sun rose every morning as usual, sweeping across the valley and ultimately falling behind the peaks. The snow that falls in winter always melts in spring, bringing new hope to this nature where everything was pleasant and beautiful. Led by fate, I have became an environmentalist and had the honor of being invited to address students about my green lifestyle for a long time. The students were surprised at my lifestyle and maybe they thought my lifestyle was no longer suitable for modern life. Fortunately, they were still listened to whole lecture, saluting or 2 me——to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me. As I began to interact with them under the stage, I was 3 by kids’ lack of knowledge of nature so that they had little knowledge of protecting environment. After the address, I put up a stand in the 4 offering green food, hoping them interested in it to get the 5 experiencing a first-hand feeling of the green lifestyle no one shows any interest in. So I decided to team up with the concert 6 to run a campaign: “anyone who can answer a(n) 7 environmental question is qualified to attend the concert. Soon the music can 8 them coming here”. Since then , I have been considering why kids today do not have the same deep appreciation for nature that I do. One of the significant factors may be that the former rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization. In the past, the poor played the 9 role in the nature, so they cleared the wasteland, planted crops and reproduced civilization. With the massive invasion of industrialization and urbanization, people were forced to move away from nature. The struggle between tradition and modernity, the confrontation between humans and nature has led people to believe that they are the masters of the universe. Is this really the case? It is time to think about who 10 us to destroy nature. 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．E 5．G 6．H 7．B 8．I 9．J 10．K 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。表达了作者对自然的深厚感情，对现代人与自然关系变化的思考，以及自己作为环保人士的努力和遭遇。 1．考查名词。句意：因此，它对我有一种神秘的吸引力。根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入名词。而且结合下文中的景色描写以及“where everything was pleasant and beautiful”可知，此处句意为“因此，它对我有一种神秘的吸引力(fascination)”，名词作宾语，故选D。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，他们整个讲座都在听，向我致敬或鼓掌——在某种程度上，掌声暗示着他们对我的鼓励。根据句子结构分析，此处or连接两个动词，应该填入动词的现在分词形式。而且根据下文“to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me”的提示，可知，此处句意为“幸运的是，他们仍然听了整个讲座，在某种程度上向我致敬或鼓掌(applauding)”，故选A。 3．考查动词语态。句意：当我开始在台下与他们互动时，我惊讶于孩子们对自然的认识不足，他们对保护环境的知识很少。根据句子结构分析，此处为被动语态，需要填入动词的过去分词形式。而且根据上文可知作者是一个环保主义者，又根据下文“they had little knowledge of protecting environment”提示，此处句意为“被孩子们缺乏保护自然的知识所震惊(be struck by)”，故此处考查的是固定搭配 be struck by意为“被……所侵袭；被……所触动；被……所迷惑”，故选C。 4．考查名词。句意：演讲结束后，我在后座设立了一个展台，希望那些对此感兴趣的人能够亲自体验一下绿色生活方式，这种生活方式没有人表现出任何兴趣。结合上文可知，作者做了一场关于环保的演讲，而且根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入名词，故可推测，作者是在演讲场地设置的摊位，故此处句意最有可能是“演讲结束后，我在后座 (back-seat) 设立了一个展台”，故选E。 5．考查名词。句意：演讲结束后，我在后座设立了一个展台，希望那些对此感兴趣的人能够亲自体验一下绿色生活方式，这种生活方式没有人表现出任何兴趣。结合上文作者设置了一个展台，可知此处讲述的还是同一件事情，故可推知，此处句意为“希望对它感兴趣的学生能够进行展台(stand)亲身体验”，名词作定语，故选G。 6．考查名词。句意：所以我决定和音乐会的发起人合作发起一项活动：“任何能回答一个入门级环境问题的人都有资格参加音乐会。”根据文章分析，此处应该是音乐会的相关负责人与作者一起举办了活动，故可推知此处句意为“作者决定与音乐会发起人(promoter) 合作开展一项活动”，名词作宾语。故选H。 7．考查形容词。句意：所以我决定和音乐会的发起人合作发起一项活动：“任何能回答一个入门级环境问题的人都有资格参加音乐会。”根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入对环境问题的修饰词，故此处句意为“任何能回答入门级(entry-level) 环境问题的人都有资格参加音乐会”，形容词作定语，故选B。 8．考查动词。句意：很快音乐就能吸引他们来这里。据句子结构分析，此处缺少动词，而且根据上文提及的音乐会活动可知，此处句意为“很快音乐就把他们吸引(hook) 到这里来了”，故选I。 9．考查形容词。句意：在过去，穷人在自然中起着主导作用，他们清理荒地，种植庄稼，繁衍文明。根据固定搭配可知，此处应填入一个形容词，而且根据上一句“The once rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization”可知，此处想要表达的是“在过去，穷人在大自然中起着主导 (dominant)作用”，故选J。 10．考查动词。句意：是时候想想是谁赋予我们破坏自然的权力了。根据句子结构分析可知，此处为宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少谓语动词，而且结合上文作者提及的工业化和城市化带来的变化，可推知，此处句意“是时候想想是谁赋予了 (empowered)我们破坏自然的力量了”，故选K。 （2025·上海浦东新·三模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accurately  B．craft  C． double-check  D．functions  E. laborious F. narrow G. pools  H. progressively  I. shares  J. tips  K. unlock Ask the right way With the introduction of accessible new AI systems like ChatGPT, travel will never be the same. AI has simplified planning and made it easier to discover new experience. Instead of a march through 11 research, users get similar results with a quick conversation with AI. AI is great for some travel 12 , like generating ideas, highlighting small businesses, and translating languages, but there are tricks to use it well, especially when it comes to traveling. Here’s how to best use AI for travel. Once you have chosen your destinations, 13 your search. AI is skilled at responding to specific interests, whether you’re looking for the best restaurant in an area or designing a five-day travel plan of off-the-beaten-path museums. AI is also useful in finding responses to prompts (提示) like “less crowded” or “underrated.” It is because unlike platforms such as TripAdvisor, the system 14 knowledge from all corners of the web, interprets results to fit your inquires best and then delivers the information in a conversational way. To 15 a good prompt, it’s crucial to ask questions in your native language. AI models can speak and understand many languages, and your grammar matters. The more precise your punctuation (标点) , spelling, and grammar, the more 16 AI will be able to understand you. Finally, always 17 AI’s answers against other sources as cross-referencing its suggestions with trusted platforms adds an extra layer of confidence to your planning. By mastering these 18 you can tap into this powerful generative engine to ensure a safer, better-informed and more satisfying travel experience. Every day, AI is rapidly evolving as more start-ups and companies figure out the best ways to 19 its potential to deliver information using natural language. As the system 20 gets more access to the web, learns what users want, and becomes more “intelligent, ” it will continue to shift travel in unexpected and groundbreaking ways. The future of travel is here. 【答案】 11．E 12．D 13．F 14．G 15．B 16．A 17．C 18．J 19．K 20．H 【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着像ChatGPT这样易于使用的新人工智能系统的引入，旅行规划方式将发生改变，人工智能简化了规划过程，并提供了使用人工智能辅助旅行的相关技巧，从而确保旅行体验更加安全、信息更丰富且更令人满意。 11．考查形容词。句意：用户不再需要进行艰苦的研究，只需与人工智能进行一次快速对话，就能得到类似的结果。空格处为定语修饰后面名词research，根据下文“users get similar results with a quick conversation with AI.”可知，laborious“艰苦的；费力的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。 12．考查名词。句意：人工智能在一些旅行功能方面非常出色，比如产生想法、突出小型企业以及翻译语言，但要想用好它有一些技巧，尤其是在旅行方面。空格处为介词for的宾语，前面有some修饰，根据“like generating ideas, highlighting small businesses, and translating languages”可知，functions“功能”为可数名词复数，符合句意。故选D项。 13．考查动词。句意：一旦你选定了目的地，就缩小你的搜索范围。空格处为祈使句的谓语动词，根据“Once you have chosen your destinations”可知，narrow“缩小”为动词，符合句意。故选F项。 14．考查动词。句意：这是因为与TripAdvisor等平台不同，该系统从网络的各个角落汇集知识，解释结果以最适合你的查询，然后以对话的方式提供信息。空格处为谓语动词，根据“from all corners of the web”可知，pools“汇集”为动词，符合句意。为一般现在时。故选G项。 15．考查动词。句意：要打造一个好的提示，用母语提问至关重要。空格处为不定式to do作目的状语，根据“a good prompt”可知，craft“打造”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。 16．考查副词。句意：你的标点、拼写和语法越精确，人工智能就越能准确地理解你。空格处为副词修饰前面动词understand，根据“The more precise”可知，accurately“准确地”为副词，符合句意。故选A项。 17．考查动词。句意：最后，总是复核人工智能对其他来源的回答，将其建议与可信平台进行交叉引用，为您的规划增添了额外的信心。空格处为祈使句的谓语动词，double-check“复核”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。 18．考查名词。句意：通过掌握这些技巧，你可以利用这个强大的生成引擎，确保更安全、更知情、更令人满意的旅行体验。空格处为动词mastering的宾语，前面有these修饰，根据下文“better-informed and more satisfying travel experience.”可知，tips“技巧”为可数名词复数，符合句意。故选J项。 19．考查动词。句意：每天，随着越来越多的初创企业和公司找到利用自然语言释放其潜力的最佳方式，人工智能正在迅速发展。空格处为不定式to do作后置定语修饰前面名词ways，根据下文“its potential to deliver information using natural language”可知，“unlock“释放”为动词，符合句意。故选K项。 20．考查副词。句意：随着该系统逐渐获得更多访问网络的机会，了解用户想要什么，并变得更加“智能”，它将继续以意想不到和开创性的方式改变旅行。空格处为副词修饰后面动词gets，根据“gets more access to the web”可知，progressively“逐渐地”为副词，符合句意。故选H项。 考点三Unit 3 Choices词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 convenience n. 方便；便利 for convenience label n. 标签 read the label global adj. 全球的；全世界的 global warming snack n. 点心；小吃；快餐 healthy snack packaging n. 包装材料 plastic packaging recycle v. 回收利用 recycle waste facility n. （供特定用途的）场所 sports facility plastic n. 塑料 plastic bag container n. 容器 storage container greenhouse n. 温室 in a greenhouse energy-efficient adj. 节能的 energy-efficient appliances amount n. 数量；数额 large amount gas n. 气体 natural gas impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用 have an impact on determine v. 明；测定；准确算出 determine the cause stress n. 压力 under stress cattle n. 牛 head of cattle frozen adj. 冷冻的；冷藏的 frozen food link v. 连接 link to teenager n. （13至19岁之间的）青少年 teenage years diet n. 日常饮食；日常食物 balanced diet details n. 具体情况 in detail yoghurt n. 酸奶 plain yoghurt slim adj. 苗条的；纤细的 slim figure image n. 形象；印象 public image source n. 起源；根源；原因 source of income expert n. 专家；行家；能手 expert opinion loss n. 丧失；损失；丢失 loss of life actually adv. （在口语中用于强调事实）的确，真实地，事实上 actually mean tend v. 往往会；常常就 tend to do moreover adv. 此外，而且 moreover, it is equal adj. （大小、数量、价值等）相同的，同样的；相等的 equal rights comment n. 评论；解释 have a comment on host n. （电视或广播的）节目主持人 host a show remind v. 提醒；使想起 remind sb of sth apologize v. 道歉；谢罪 apologize for pudding n. （餐末的）甜食，甜点 Christmas pudding decoration n. 装饰品 Christmas decoration consumer n. 消费者；顾客；用户 consumer goods despite prep. 即使；尽管 despite the fact prove v. 证明；证实 prove to be retired adj. 已退休的，已退职的 retired teacher groceries n. 食品杂货 buy groceries establish v. 查实；确定；证实 establish the truth legally adv. 合法地 legally binding permit v. 允许；准许 permit to do assume v. 假定；假设；认为 assume that carbon footprint n. 碳足迹（日常活动所产生的碳排放量的量度方式） reduce carbon footprint rubbish dump n. 垃圾场；废物堆 local rubbish dump carbon dioxide n. 二氧化碳 emit carbon dioxide 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. convenience n. 方便；便利→convenient adj. 方便的；便利的→conveniently adv. 便利地 2. global adj. 全球的；全世界的→globe n. 地球；球体→globally adv. 全球地 3. snack n. 点心；小吃；快餐→snack bar 快餐吧→snack-sized adj. 小吃大小的 4. recycle v. 回收利用→recyclable adj. 可回收的→recycler n. 回收者 5. plastic n. 塑料→plasticity n. 可塑性；弹性→plasticize v. 使成塑料；使有弹性 6. amount n. 数量；数额→amount to 合计达→quantify v. 量化 7. impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用→impacting v. 冲击；碰撞→impactive adj. 有冲击力的 8. determine v. 明；测定；准确算出→determination n. 决心；果断→determinable adj. 可决定的 9. loss n. 丧失；损失；丢失→lose v. 失去；丢失→losable adj. 可丢失的 10. expect v. 期望；指望→expectation n. 期望；预期→unexpected adj. 意外的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1. carbon footprint 碳足迹（日常活动所产生的碳排放量的量度方式） 2. rubbish dump 垃圾场；废物堆 3. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 4. put ... aside 忽视；不理睬；忘记 5. peanut butter 花生酱 6. baked potato （带皮）烤土豆 7. junk food 垃圾食品 8. vending machine （出售饮料等的）自动售货机 9. pay regard to 注意；关注；关心 10. traffic accident 交通事故 考向1 补全句子翻译 establish apologize comment loss recycle slim global assume permit remind determine 1. The loss of glaciers due to warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. 由于全球变暖带来的冰川融化对农业造成了巨大的威胁。 2. If we try our best to the wastes, we can reduce pollution and conserve natural resources. 如果我们尽力回收废物，我们可以减少污染，保护自然资源。 3. A fleet sailed for New South Wales to the first European settlement in Australia. 一支舰队驶向新南威尔士去建立欧洲在澳大利亚的第一个移民地。 4. It is quite reasonable to that modern science and technology will continue to advance. 人们认为科技会继续进步，这个预测是有道理的。 5. Cash machines you to withdraw money at any time. 取款机可让你随时取款。 6. We for the late arrival of the train. 我们为火车误点表示歉意。 7. You really can't until you know the facts. 你的确不能在你知道事实之前进行评论。 8. They me of the time when I used to live in Spain. 它们让我想起那些我在西班牙生活的日子。 9. An inquiry was set up to the cause of the accident. 已展开调查以确定事故原因。 10. The war brought massive devastation and of life to the region. 战争给该地区造成巨大的破坏以及生命的丧失。 答案：1. global 2. recycle 3. establish 4. assume 5. permit 6. apologize 7. comment 8. remind 9. determine 10. loss 考向2 单元话题选词填空 （2025·上海青浦·二模）Directions:  Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.  Each word can be used only once.  Note that there is one word more than you need. A．controlling    B．practically      C． sort         D．litter    E. claimed      F. diet           G. inefficient     H. revolutionary   I. commercial    J. reborn   K. theoretically A New Way to Break Down “Unrecyclable” Plastic Waste The world is miserable at recycling plastics. Currently, just 10-15% of the plastic waste we generate annually is recycled — with the rest burned, buried in landfill or dumped as 1 . A big part of the problem is that much of the waste is a pile of different dirty plastics mixed with food, inks and labels. It’s expensive to clean and 2 this mess into streams of single-polymer plastic — the kind that is generally needed for conventional “mechanical” recycling, in which plastic is cut, melted and re-formed into small balls, ready for new products. That explains the excitement around a chemical plant that will start 3 operations this year in northeast England. It can, 4 , take any kind of plastic waste, including mixed plastics considered “unrecyclable”, and break it down into chemicals that are similar to those extracted from oil. With further processing, these chemicals can be turned back into fresh plastic. If successful, it could be a powerful example of a circular manufacturing process — in which plastic is used and reprocessed over and over again — potentially 5 the world’s dependence on fossil resources to make original plastics. The facility uses a variation on a concept called chemical recycling, which breaks plastics apart into smaller chemical building blocks. Its main competitor in this approach is pyrolysis: heating plastics to temperatures above 450 °C in a reactor without oxygen. But pyrolysis is energy-intensive and 6 , with much of the plastic being turned into something useless. Mura Technology, the London-based company behind the facility, says it is the first commercial-scale plant in the world to recycle plastic in this way. Mura has also declared the technology to be “ 7 ” because it “has the potential to help eliminate plastic waste, recycling all types of plastic to create a true circular economy”.   In practice, as Mura explains, the plant is currently picky about its 8 of plastic waste. And because, as with pyrolysis plants, not all of the facility’s products will be 9 as plastic, some critics say that the process shouldn’t count as recycling — an accusation that Mura rejects. These practicalities raise questions about the future of plastics pollution and whether chemical recycling can live up to its promised potential. The idea is not useless — but the real-life complications around the process make it less groundbreaking than 10 . 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．I 4．K 5．A 6．G 7．H 8．F 9．J 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国东北部一家化学工厂处理“不可回收”塑料垃圾的新方式。 1．考查名词。句意：目前，我们每年产生的塑料垃圾中只有10-15%被回收利用，其余的被焚烧、埋在垃圾填埋场或当作垃圾倾倒。根据“burned, buried in landfill or dumped”可知，这里说的是当作垃圾处理，名词“litter”意为“垃圾”，作宾语。故选项D。 2．考查动词。句意：将这些杂乱的东西清理并分类成单一聚合物塑料流是很昂贵的。根据前文“a pile of different dirty plastics”和后文“into streams of single-polymer plastic”可知，需要把不同的塑料进行分类，动词“sort”意为“分类”，符合语意。故选项C。 3．考查形容词。句意：这就解释了一家将于今年在英格兰东北部开始商业运营的化工厂为何令人兴奋。根据后文“With further processing, these chemicals can be turned back into fresh plastic. If successful, it could be a powerful example of a circular manufacturing process”可知，化工厂将开始商业运营，令人兴奋，形容词“commercial”意为“商业的”，作定语。故选项I。 4．考查副词。句意：从理论上讲，它可以处理任何种类的塑料垃圾。根据后文提到实际情况工厂对塑料垃圾有要求可知，这里说的是理论上的情况，副词“theoretically”意为“理论上”，符合语意。故选项K。 5．考查动词。句意：如果成功的话，它可能是循环制造过程的一个有力范例，有可能控制世界在制造原始塑料时对化石资源的依赖。根据后文“the world’s dependence on fossil resources”可知，这种方式可能控制对化石资源的依赖，动词“controlling”意为“控制”，符合语意。故选项A。 6．考查形容词。句意：但热解过程耗能大且效率低，大部分塑料会变成无用的东西。根据后文“much of the plastic being turned into something useless”可知，热解是效率低的，形容词“inefficient”意为“效率低的”，作表语。故选项G。 7．考查形容词。句意：Mura还宣称这项技术具有“革命性”，因为它“有潜力帮助消除塑料垃圾，回收各种类型的塑料，创造真正的循环经济”。根据后文“has the potential to help eliminate plastic waste”可知，这项技术有革命性意义，形容词“revolutionary”意为“革命性的”，作表语。故选项H。 8．考查名词。句意：实际上，正如Mura所解释的，该工厂目前对其处理的塑料垃圾“饮食”很挑剔。根据前文“It can, 4 , take any kind of plastic waste, including mixed plastics considered “unrecyclable”, and break it down into chemicals that are similar to those extracted from oil. With further processing, these chemicals can be turned back into fresh plastic.”可知，先要将塑料垃圾送入化工厂，作为生产新塑料的原料，可将其视为工厂的“饮食”，即diet；结合句中“picky about”可知，工厂对其能处理的塑料垃圾很挑剔，即对其“diet”很挑剔，这是一种比喻用法。故选项F。 9．考查动词。句意：因为和热解工厂一样，该工厂的并非所有产品都会重生为塑料。根据前文“not all of the facility’s products will be”和后文“some critics say that the process shouldn’t count as recycling”可知，不是所有产品都会再次成为塑料，动词“reborn”意为“重生”，符合语境。故选项J。 10．考查动词。句意：这个想法并非无用，但围绕这个过程的现实复杂性使其不如所宣称的那样具有开创性。根据前文提到Mura宣称技术有革命性等，可知这里说现实不如所宣称的，动词“claimed”意为“宣称”，符合语境。故选项E。 （2025·上海金山·二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．changes    B．current     C． delays            D．enclosed    E. identifiable     F. include        G. matching     H. movements        I. occurred    J. overriding        K. works We need a fourth white traffic light to ease traffic jams Engineers propose adding a white traffic light to let self-driving cars ease traffic jams. Studies show this fourth light could help autonomous vehicles (AVs) manage traffic flow and reduce travel time. Normally, the four-light system works like 11 three-light systems—red means stop, green means go. However, when enough self-driving cars approach a crossroads, the white light activates, 12 the standard signals. This tells human drivers that AVs are now directing vehicle 13 via wireless communication. Human drivers must simply follow the car ahead— 14 its stops or movements. A researcher, Dr. Ali, said, “Our ‘white phase’ concept taps into the computing power of AVs themselves. Entitling some of the traffic flow control to AVs 15 in any AV case. But we must 16 the white light concept at crossroads to clarify the situation for humans.” The colour of the ‘white light’ doesn’t matter. What’s important is that there should be a signal that is clearly 17 by drivers. Tests showed that small improvements in traffic flow 18 when as little as 10 per cent of the vehicles at a crossroads were autonomous. Dr Ali said, “For example, when 10 per cent of vehicles are autonomous, you see 19 reduced by 3 per cent. When 30 per cent are autonomous, they are reduced by 10.7 per cent.” While AVs aren’t ready for immediate use, researchers say it would require only minor 20 to crossroads and AV software updates. Critics warn that relying on humans to follow the “leader” rule poses risks, but the team believes this balances innovation with clear communication during the transition to AVs. 【答案】 11．B 12．J 13．H 14．G 15．K 16．F 17．E 18．I 19．C 20．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。工程师提议增设白交通灯助自动驾驶车疏堵，介绍其运作及效果，虽有风险但只需小改动即可实现。 11．考查形容词。句意：通常情况下，四灯系统的工作方式与当前的三灯系统类似 —— 红灯停，绿灯行。分析句子可知，这里需要一个形容词来修饰“three - light systems”，current，表示“当前的”， 符合语境，故选B。 12．考查现在分词。句意：然而，当足够多的自动驾驶汽车接近十字路口时，白灯亮起，优先于标准信号。分析句子结构，这里可用现在分词作伴随状语，overriding，表示“优先于；凌驾于”，符合“白灯亮起时会优先于标准信号”的意思。故选J。 13．考查名词。句意：这告诉人类司机，自动驾驶汽车现在正通过无线通信指挥车辆的移动。分析句子可知，vehicle后需要一个名词，movements，表示“移动；运动”，符合“指挥车辆移动”的语境，故选H。 14．考查现在分词。句意：人类司机只需跟随前面的车 —— 匹配它的停车或移动。分析句子结构，这里可用现在分词作伴随状语，matching，表示“匹配；与…… 相符”，符合“人类司机的操作要与前面车的动作相匹配”的意思。故选G。 15．考查动词。句意：在任何自动驾驶情况下，将部分交通流量控制权交给自动驾驶汽车都是有效的。分析句子可知，这里需要一个动词作谓语，works，表示“起作用；有效”，符合语境。故选K。 16．考查动词。句意：但我们必须在十字路口包含白灯概念，以便为人类澄清情况。分析句子可知，must后接动词原形，include，表示“包含；包括”，符合“要把白灯概念包含在十字路口的交通规则中”的意思。故选F。 17．考查形容词。句意：重要的是应该有一个能被司机清楚识别的信号。分析句子可知，is后可接形容词作表语，identifiable，表示“可识别的；可辨认的”，符合“信号要能被司机清楚识别”的语境。故选E。 18．考查动词。句意：测试表明，当十字路口只有 10% 的车辆是自动驾驶时，交通流量就会出现小幅改善。分析句子可知，这里需要一个动词作谓语，occurred，表示“发生；出现”，符合“交通流量出现改善”的语境。故选I。 19．考查名词。句意：例如，当10%的车辆是自动驾驶时，你会看到延误减少了3%。分析句子可知，see后接名词作宾语，delays，表示“延误；延迟”，符合“交通延误减少”的语境。故选C。 20．考查名词。句意：研究人员表示，这只需要对十字路口进行微小的改变和自动驾驶软件更新。分析句子可知，minor 后应接名词，changes，表示“改变；变化”，符合“对十字路口进行小的改变”的语境。故选A。 考点四Unit 4 My space词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 experiment n. 实验；试验 conduct an experiment capable adj. 有能力的 be capable of survive v. 生存；存活；继续存在 survive in unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地；可惜地；可悲地 unfortunately for labour-saving adj. 省力的；节省劳力的；降低劳动强度的 labour-saving device device n. 装置；仪器；器具；设备 electronic device immediately adv. 立即；马上；即刻 act immediately disappear v. 消失；不见 disappear from sight regularly adv. 有规律地 exercise regularly bomb n. 炸弹 atomic bomb goods n. 商品；货品 goods for sale petrol n. 汽油 petrol station boil v. （使）沸腾；煮沸；烧开 boil water aim n. 目的；目标 aim to do narrow adj. 狭窄的；窄小的 narrow path suffer v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨 suffer from argue v. 论证；说理；争辩 argue with decrease v. （使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低 decrease in apartment n. （通常指在同一楼层的）公寓套房 luxury apartment definitely adv. 肯定；当然；确实 definitely will stuff n. 东西，物品 stuff for sale downstairs adj. 楼下的 go downstairs piano n. 钢琴 play the piano talent n. 天才；天资；天赋 have a talent for curtain n. 窗帘 draw the curtain gather v. 搜集，收集（情报） gather information data n. 数据；资料；材料 collect data download v. 下载 download from software n. 软件 computer software company n. 公司；商号；商行 start a company load v. （把大量……）装上，装入 load up file n. 文件 open a file percentage n. 百分率；百分比 high percentage recommend v. 推荐 recommend sb to do sth prefer v. 较喜欢；喜欢……多于…… prefer to do responsibility n. 职责；义务；任务 sense of responsibility arrange v. 整理；排列；布置 arrange a meeting poster n. 海报 put up a poster extremely adv. 极其；极端；非常 extremely important slightly adv. 略微；稍微 slightly different technique n. 技术；技能 special technique grab v. 引人注意；吸引 grab attention brochure n. 资料（或广告）手册 tourist brochure intended adj. 意欲达到的；打算的；计划的 as intended ceiling n. 天花板；顶棚 high ceiling occasion n. 特别的事情（或仪式、庆典） on occasion upper-class adj. 上流社会的 upper-class family adult n. 成年人 adult education soul n. 灵魂 soul of time-honoured adj. 古老而受到尊重的；历史悠久的；由来已久的 time-honoured tradition style n. 风格；体 fashion style 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. experiment n. 实验；试验→experimental adj. 实验的；试验的→experimentally adv. 实验上地 2. capable adj. 有能力的→capability n. 能力；才能→capable of 有能力做…… 3. survive v. 生存；存活；继续存在→survival n. 幸存；生存→survivor n. 幸存者 4. device n. 装置；仪器；器具；设备→devise v. 设计；发明→devisable adj. 可设计的 5. aim n. 目的；目标→aimless adj. 无目的的；无目标的→aiming prep. 旨在；目的是 6. suffer v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨→suffering n. 痛苦；苦难→sufferer n. 受苦者 7. argue v. 论证；说理；争辩→argument n. 争论；辩论→arguable adj. 可争论的 8. decrease v. （使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低→decrease n. 减少；降低→decreasingly adv. 越来越少地 9. piano n. 钢琴→pianist n. 钢琴家→pianistic adj. 钢琴的；钢琴演奏的 10. talent n. 天才；天资；天赋→talented adj. 有才能的；天才的→talentless adj. 无才能的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 1. hang on 等等（好像有什么不对或新的情况出现） 2. take cover 躲避；隐蔽 3. domestic chore 家务琐事 4. to somebody’s credit 使值得表扬；使受尊重 5. science fiction 科幻小说（或影片等） 6. be attractive to 对……有吸引力的 考向1 补全句子翻译 用所给单词的适当形式填空 intends company escape stuff arrange store file recommend load definite capable 1. The ____________has overspent on marketing. 这个公司在市场推广方面开支过多。 2. I could ____________to meet with you any day next week. 我可以安排在下周的任何一天和你见一面。 3. I selected a ____________and pressed the delete key. 我选定了一份文件，然后按下了删除键。 4. Joseph is the right man for the job. You should ____________him. 约瑟夫是这份工作的合适人选。你该推荐他。 5. We didn't have any ____________proof. 我们没有任何确凿的证据。 6. Carrying more than a light ____________on your bicycle makes it more difficult to control. 自行车上携带超额负载会使自行车更难以控制。 7. Be very careful with this ____________, it can be dangerous if it isn't handled properly. 对这东西要小心，处理得不好可能会发生危险。 8. He ____________to get rid of the tipping practice. 他打算取消给小费的做法。 9. Two police officers had a narrow ____________when rioters attacked their vehicles. 暴徒们攻击他们的车辆时，两名警官死里逃生。 10. You are ____________of better work than this. 你有能力做得比这更好。 答案：1.company 2. arrange 3. file 4. recommend 5. definite 6. load 7. stuff 8. intends 9. escape 10. capable 考向2 单元话题选词填空 （2025·上海静安·二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．commutes       B．incidental      C． boundary      D．cloud    E. contemporary      F. straight    G. fueled        H. facilitate     I. capitalize      J. presence        K. exploit Imagine walking into a bright office tower ten years aga: the hum of desktop computers and the sight of employees chained to their desks for eight 1 hours. The day begins at 9 and ends at 5, and productivity is measured by 2 , not output. Fast forward to today: the office has no assigned desks, and the workspace exists as much on telecommuting tools as it does in the building. Work has evolved, and with it, so has the very definition of where and how we work. Welcome to the age of the workspace — where flexibility, adaptability, and innovation are to redefine what productivity looks like. The rise of digital technologies, coupled with globalization, started to 3 the lines between work and location. Remote communication tools and mobile devices have empowered employees to work from anywhere, challenging the concept that productivity is tied to a specific place. The geographical 4 is fading away. Remote work, once considered an exception, has become a mainstream practice. Remote work, the practice of carrying out professional responsibilities outside the traditional office, has emerged as a game-changer in modern work culture. Greatly 5 by technological advancements, particularly the multiplication of cooperative tools, remote work has transferred from being a mere trend to becoming a vital component of the 6 work style. The rise of remote work lies in several factors. Rapid globalization has made it possible for teams to collaborate closely across time zones and continents. Technological innovations have birthed multiple digital platforms that 7 effective communication and project management from a distance. Organizations are increasingly recognizing the value of offering flexible work arrangements, contributing to the rise of remote work. The advantages of remote work extend to benefit employees as well. The employee experience is not merely 8 . It is fundamental to how organizations shape the productivity and well-being of their teams. Today’s employees prefer the independence and flexibility that remote work affords, allowing for improved work-life balance and the removal of time-consuming 9 . Employers, on the other hand, can 10 on reduced overhead costs and the ability to tap into the global talent pool, making the retaining of specialized talents more feasible than ever before. 【答案】 1．F 2．J 3．D 4．C 5．G 6．E 7．H 8．B 9．A 10．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今工作形式发生了变化，远程工作越来越普遍和受欢迎的现象。 1．考查形容词。句意：想象一下，十年前走进一座明亮的办公大楼：台式电脑嗡嗡作响，员工们连续八个小时被拴在办公桌前。根据“employees chained to their desks for eight”以及句意“连续”可知应用形容词straight，修饰名词hour，作定语。故选F。 2．考查名词。句意：一天从9点开始到5点结束，效率是通过出勤而不是产出来衡量的。根据“The day begins at 9 and ends at 5”以及句意“出勤”可知应用名词presence，作宾语，故选J。 3．考查动词。句意：数字技术的兴起，加上全球化，开始模糊工作和地点之间的界限。根据“Remote communication tools and mobile devices have empowered employees to work from anywhere, challenging the concept that productivity is tied to a specific place.(远程通信工具和移动设备使员工能够在任何地方工作，挑战了生产力与特定地点联系在一起的概念)”以及句意“模糊”可知应用动词cloud，不定式作宾语，故选D。 4．考查名词。句意：地理界限正在消失。根据“Remote communication tools and mobile devices have empowered employees to work from anywhere, challenging the concept that productivity is tied to a specific place.(远程通信工具和移动设备使员工能够在任何地方工作，挑战了生产力与特定地点联系在一起的概念)”以及句意“界限”可知应用名词boundary，作主语，故选C。 5．考查动词。句意：在技术进步的大力推动下，特别是协作工具的增加，远程工作已经从仅仅是一种趋势转变为当代工作方式的一个重要组成部分。根据“by technological advancements, particularly the multiplication of cooperative tools”以及句意“推动”可知应用过去分词fueled，作状语，和主语是被动关系。故选G。 6．考查形容词。句意：在技术进步的大力推动下，特别是协作工具的增加，远程工作已经从仅仅是一种趋势转变为当代工作方式的一个重要组成部分。根据“remote work has transferred from being a mere trend to becoming a vital component of the”以及句意“当代”可知应用形容词contemporary，修饰名词style，作定语，故选E。 7．考查动词。句意：技术创新催生了多种数字平台，促进了远程有效沟通和项目管理。根据“effective communication and project management from a distance”以及句意“促进”可知应用动词facilitate，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，谓语与先行词platforms保持一致，用原形。故选H。 8．考查形容词。句意：员工的经历不仅仅是偶然的。根据“It is fundamental to how organizations shape the productivity and well-being of their teams.(它是组织如何塑造其团队的生产力和福祉的基础)”以及句意“偶然的”可知应用形容词incidental，作表语。故选B。 9．考查名词。句意：如今的员工更喜欢远程工作所带来的独立性和灵活性，从而改善了工作与生活的平衡，并消除了耗时的通勤。根据“employees prefer the independence and flexibility that remote work affords, allowing for improved work-life balance and the removal of time-consuming”以及句意“通勤”可知应用名词commutes，作宾语，故选A。 10．考查动词。句意：另一方面，雇主可以利用降低的管理费用和利用全球人才库的能力，使留住专业人才比以往任何时候都更加可行。根据“on reduced overhead costs and the ability”以及句意“利用”可知应用动词capitalize，且can后跟动词原形。故选I。 （2021·上海·高考真题）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．applauding    B．entry-level  C． struck  D．fascination  E. back-seat  F. stuck G. stand         H. promoter   I. hook   J. dominant     K. empowered The nature is part of us. Therefore, it holds a mysterious 11 for me. In my memory, the valley was quiet and calm, only to see the wheat all over the mountains waving together in rhythm when the wind blew through, like a ballet troupe. The sun rose every morning as usual, sweeping across the valley and ultimately falling behind the peaks. The snow that falls in winter always melts in spring, bringing new hope to this nature where everything was pleasant and beautiful. Led by fate, I have became an environmentalist and had the honor of being invited to address students about my green lifestyle for a long time. The students were surprised at my lifestyle and maybe they thought my lifestyle was no longer suitable for modern life. Fortunately, they were still listened to whole lecture, saluting or 12 me——to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me. As I began to interact with them under the stage, I was 13 by kids’ lack of knowledge of nature so that they had little knowledge of protecting environment. After the address, I put up a stand in the 14 offering green food, hoping them interested in it to get the 15 experiencing a first-hand feeling of the green lifestyle no one shows any interest in. So I decided to team up with the concert 16 to run a campaign: “anyone who can answer a(n) 17 environmental question is qualified to attend the concert. Soon the music can 18 them coming here”. Since then , I have been considering why kids today do not have the same deep appreciation for nature that I do. One of the significant factors may be that the former rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization. In the past, the poor played the 19 role in the nature, so they cleared the wasteland, planted crops and reproduced civilization. With the massive invasion of industrialization and urbanization, people were forced to move away from nature. The struggle between tradition and modernity, the confrontation between humans and nature has led people to believe that they are the masters of the universe. Is this really the case? It is time to think about who 20 us to destroy nature. 【答案】 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．E 15．G 16．H 17．B 18．I 19．J 20．K 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。表达了作者对自然的深厚感情，对现代人与自然关系变化的思考，以及自己作为环保人士的努力和遭遇。 11．考查名词。句意：因此，它对我有一种神秘的吸引力。根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入名词。而且结合下文中的景色描写以及“where everything was pleasant and beautiful”可知，此处句意为“因此，它对我有一种神秘的吸引力(fascination)”，名词作宾语，故选D。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，他们整个讲座都在听，向我致敬或鼓掌——在某种程度上，掌声暗示着他们对我的鼓励。根据句子结构分析，此处or连接两个动词，应该填入动词的现在分词形式。而且根据下文“to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me”的提示，可知，此处句意为“幸运的是，他们仍然听了整个讲座，在某种程度上向我致敬或鼓掌(applauding)”，故选A。 13．考查动词语态。句意：当我开始在台下与他们互动时，我惊讶于孩子们对自然的认识不足，他们对保护环境的知识很少。根据句子结构分析，此处为被动语态，需要填入动词的过去分词形式。而且根据上文可知作者是一个环保主义者，又根据下文“they had little knowledge of protecting environment”提示，此处句意为“被孩子们缺乏保护自然的知识所震惊(be struck by)”，故此处考查的是固定搭配 be struck by意为“被……所侵袭；被……所触动；被……所迷惑”，故选C。 14．考查名词。句意：演讲结束后，我在后座设立了一个展台，希望那些对此感兴趣的人能够亲自体验一下绿色生活方式，这种生活方式没有人表现出任何兴趣。结合上文可知，作者做了一场关于环保的演讲，而且根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入名词，故可推测，作者是在演讲场地设置的摊位，故此处句意最有可能是“演讲结束后，我在后座 (back-seat) 设立了一个展台”，故选E。 15．考查名词。句意：演讲结束后，我在后座设立了一个展台，希望那些对此感兴趣的人能够亲自体验一下绿色生活方式，这种生活方式没有人表现出任何兴趣。结合上文作者设置了一个展台，可知此处讲述的还是同一件事情，故可推知，此处句意为“希望对它感兴趣的学生能够进行展台(stand)亲身体验”，名词作定语，故选G。 16．考查名词。句意：所以我决定和音乐会的发起人合作发起一项活动：“任何能回答一个入门级环境问题的人都有资格参加音乐会。”根据文章分析，此处应该是音乐会的相关负责人与作者一起举办了活动，故可推知此处句意为“作者决定与音乐会发起人(promoter) 合作开展一项活动”，名词作宾语。故选H。 17．考查形容词。句意：所以我决定和音乐会的发起人合作发起一项活动：“任何能回答一个入门级环境问题的人都有资格参加音乐会。”根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入对环境问题的修饰词，故此处句意为“任何能回答入门级(entry-level) 环境问题的人都有资格参加音乐会”，形容词作定语，故选B。 18．考查动词。句意：很快音乐就能吸引他们来这里。据句子结构分析，此处缺少动词，而且根据上文提及的音乐会活动可知，此处句意为“很快音乐就把他们吸引(hook) 到这里来了”，故选I。 19．考查形容词。句意：在过去，穷人在自然中起着主导作用，他们清理荒地，种植庄稼，繁衍文明。根据固定搭配可知，此处应填入一个形容词，而且根据上一句“The once rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization”可知，此处想要表达的是“在过去，穷人在大自然中起着主导 (dominant)作用”，故选J。 20．考查动词。句意：是时候想想是谁赋予我们破坏自然的权力了。根据句子结构分析可知，此处为宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少谓语动词，而且结合上文作者提及的工业化和城市化带来的变化，可推知，此处句意“是时候想想是谁赋予了 (empowered)我们破坏自然的力量了”，故选K。 5 / 38 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$