第02讲 Unit 2（知识全梳理&考点精准练）-【暑假自学课】2025年新八年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（外研版2024）

第01讲 Unit 2（知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 一、重点单词、短语梳理 单词 1．giant n．（儿童故事中的）巨人 11．grade n．年级 21．agreement n．（意见的）一致 2．shout v．大声说，喊叫，呼喊 12．article n．（报刊的）文章，论文 22．relative n．家人；亲戚 3．gate n．（栅栏或围墙上的）大门 13．allow v．允许，容许，准许 23．poem n．诗；韵文 4．since prep．自从······以来； 14．attend v．参加，出席，到场 24．inside adv．在（容器或其他封闭的空间）里面；往里面 5．nor conj．也不 15．whom pron．谁，什么人 25．neighbour n．邻居，邻人 6．hole n．洞，孔，坑 16．narrow adj．狭窄的 26．drift v．随意移动，漂泊；摇摆不定；漫无目的地行动 7．afraid adj．害怕的，恐惧的 17．unit n．计量用的）单位 27．ashamed adj．羞耻的，内疚的 8．return v．返回，回来，回去 18．perhaps adv．可能，大概，也许 28．deeply adv．非常，很深地 9．lively adj．充满活力的，生气勃 19．argue v．争论，争吵 29．pass v．过去，流逝 10．theirs pron．他们的，她们的 20．divide v．（把······）分开 30．whenever conj．每当 词形变化 31. lively adj 充满活力的-live adj. 活的，现场直播的-living adj. 活着的，n. 生计（make a living） 32. argue v. 争吵-argument n. 争论 33. divide v. 分开-divided adj. 分裂的，有分歧的-division n.分开，分配 34. neighbour n.邻居- neighbourhood n. 街区 35. deeply adv. 深深地-deep adj. 深的 36. agree v.同意-agreement n.同意 短语 37．so．．that．如此······以至于······ 39．roller coaster 过山车 42．reach an agreement 达成协议 38．knock down 摧毁 40．argue over 就······争论 43．in return 作为回报 2、 核心考点精讲 考点1 Remember this and you will go a long way in getting along with people.记住这一点，你就能在与人相处方面走得很远。（教材P19） get along with sb.与某人和睦相处相当于get on with sb.。 例： It’s important to learn how to get along/on with your classmates at school.在学校学习如何与同班同学和睦相处是很重要的。 考点2 “What are you doing here?” he shouts in a very angry voice.“你们在这儿干什么？”他非常生气地喊道（教材P21） shout /ʃaʊt/ v.大声说，喊叫，呼喊 shout for help 呼救 shout at…冲……大声叫嚷（有愤怒的语气） shout to…对……大声喊叫（因距离远而呼喊） 例：It's not polite to shout to people. 对着人大声说话是很不礼貌的。 考点3 Since then, he hasn’t seen a child there.从那以后，他再也没有在那里见过一个孩子。（教材P21） since /sɪns/ prep.自从……以来；自从……之后，后接表示时间点的词或短语，常与现在完成时连用。 since then从那以后 例：Since then, I have stepped onto the road to learning about Chinese culture.从那时起，我就踏上了学习中国文化的道路. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. 几千年来，中国人就梦想着去月球. (since引导时间状语从句，从句常用一般过去时，对应的主句多用现在完成时。) 考点4 But spring never comes, nor summer.但是春天没有来，夏天也没有。（教材P21） nor /nɔː/ conj.也不，nor summer的原句应该是“nor does summer come”。nor常用于列举两个或更多相同性质的否定事物或情况 neither...nor...既不……也不…… （1）该短语表示否定含义，用来连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等。 （2）当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要与其邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。 We should neither feed the animals nor touch them in the zoo.在动物园里我们既不应该喂动物也不应该触摸它们。 Both he and I were wrong.我和他都错了。 考点5 One morning, the Giant suddenly hears birds singing.一天早晨，巨人突然听到鸟儿在唱歌。（教材P21） hear sb./sth. doing sth.听到某人/某物正在做某事 hear sb./sth.doing sth. “听到某人/某物正在做某事”，强调听到的动作正在进行。 hear sb./sth. do sth. “听到某人/某物做了某事或经常做某事”，强调听到某个动作发生的整个过程或某个动作经常发生。 例：I hear him singing in the room.我听见他正在房间里唱歌。 I often hear him sing.我经常听到他唱歌。 考点6 And the trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers.树木们开心得浑身都开满了花。（教材P21） so...that...如此……以至于…… , so后接形容词或副词，that后的句子表示结果。 例：Kelly was so surprised that she could hardly answer.凯莉惊讶得几乎说不出话来。 拓展：1. such...that...如此……以至于……，such后接名词（短语），that后的句子表示结果。 例： Table tennis is such an interesting sport that people all over the world play it.乒乓球是如此有趣的一项运动，以至于全世界的人都打乒乓球。 2. so．．．that．．．结构可以转化为too．．．to．．．结构。 例：The girl is so short that she can't reach the top of the shelf. The girl is too short to reach the top of the shelf. 那个女孩太矮了，够不到架子的顶端。 考点7 The children look afraid.孩子们看起来很害怕。（教材P21） afraid /əˈfreɪd/ adj.害怕的，恐惧的 例：Linda is afraid of the dark. She even leaves the light on while sleeping.琳达怕黑。她甚至在睡觉的时候也不关灯。 Don’t be afraid to ask teachers for help after class.下课后不要害怕向老师求助。 Jim is no longer afraid of making new friends at school now.吉姆现在不再害怕在学校结交新朋友了。 I understand your meaning. But I’m afraid I can’t agree with you. 我明白你的意思。但是恐怕我不能同意你的观点。 Will it rain tomorrow？明天会下雨吗？ -I'm afraid so, according to the weather forecast. 根据天气预报来看，恐怕会下。 考点8 The children return, and the garden is lively again. 孩子们回来了，花园又活跃起来了。（教材P22） return /rɪˈtɜ:n/ v. 返回，回来，回去, 相当于go/come back，“return to+地点名词/return+地点副词”意为“返回某地”。 还可意为“归还”。 return sth. to sb.相当于give sth. back to sb.,意为“把某物还给某人”。 例：I’m going to return this book to Tom.=I’m going to give this book back to Tom.我要把这本书还给汤姆。 lively /ˈlaɪvli/ adj.充满活力的，生气勃勃的, lively虽然以-ly结尾，但它不是副词 例：This is a really lively party.这真是个热闹的聚会。 考点9 This year, Uncle Jimmy plans to give away 800 ice creams. 今年，吉米叔叔计划赠送800个冰激凌。（教材P23） give away赠送；捐赠，give+人称代词（只能放中间）+away 例：I don’t need these books. I plan to give them away to the library.我不需要这些书。我打算把它们捐给图书馆。 考点10 Narrow lanes are very common in China.狭窄的小巷在中国很常见。（教材P28） narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. 狭窄的 例：It’s quite narrow — you can easily step across.它很窄，你可以很容易地跨过去。 考点11 Two local families, the Zhangs and the Wus, argued over the dividing line between their houses.当地的两户人家，张家和吴家，因为房子的分界线发生了争吵。（教材P28） argue /ˈɑ:ɡju:/ v.争论，争吵 argument n.争吵，争论 argue with sb.与某人争论/争吵 argue about/over sth.因某事而争论/争吵 例：Don’t argue with the driver when taking a bus.乘坐公共汽车时不要和司机争吵。 例：They were arguing about/over the matter again.他们又在为这件事争吵。 divide /dəˈvaɪd/ v.（把……）分开, divide...into...把……分成……, be divided into...被分成…… 例：The traditional Chinese calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms.中国传统历法将一年分为24个节气。 The book is divided into six sections.本书分为六部分 考点12 In return, they decided to do the same thing.作为回报，他们决定做同样的事情。（教材P29） in return作为回报；作为回应 例：I asked her opinion, but she just asked me a question in return.我征求她的意见，她却只是反问了我一句 考点13 The people of Tongcheng still keep the poem in mind.桐城人民的心中仍牢记着这首诗。（教材P29） keep...in mind把……放在心里，把……记在心上 例：We’re supposed to keep in mind that it is important to tell the truth.我们应该记住说真话是很重要的。 考点14 Whenever they walk down the lane, they remember how kindness encourages more kindness.每当他们走在小巷里，他们都会记得善良是如何鼓励更多的善良的。（教材P29） whenever /wenˈevə/ conj.每当，引导时间状语从句，相当于every time。 拓展：表示无论何时， 引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when。 Help whenever and wherever you can.无论何时何地，尽你所能提供帮助。 Grammar单元语法：现在完成时（二） 1. 与表示一段时间的标志词连用，短暂性动词要变为持续性动词（见下表）。表示一段时间的标志词有：for，since，how long。 for+一段时间，表示“持续……” ；since+ … ago / 过去时的句子，表示“自从……以来” 。 教材p23 一、单项选择 1．--What do you think of Simon? --Well, I find it hard to him. A．get along with B．get through C．get to D．get across 2．The little girl shouted ________ the people on the beach for help. A．at B．for C．to 3．—Did you see 2025 Spring Festival Gala? —Yes, the robots surprised people a lot. They ________ the world with the Yangko dance since then. A．impressed B．impress C．have impressed D．are impressing 4．Neither I nor he ________ known anything about the prices of the PCs, so ________ he ________ I decided to compare them before buying it. A．have; not only; but also B．has; both; and C．hasn’t; either; or D．haven’t; neither; nor 5． Jake his sister Emma takes guitar lessons at the weekends, because they have no time. A．Both; and B．Not only; but also C．Neither; nor D．Either; or 6．Listen! Can you hear someone ________ in the next room? A．sing B．singing C．to sing D．sings 7．Ne Zha 2 is ________ huge box office success. It is ________ a wonderful film that I have seen it three times. A．a; so B．a; such C．the; so D．the; such 8．—You study ______ hard ______ you’re sure to pass the exam. —Thank you for saying so. A．enough; to B．as; as C．so; that 9．Your teachers are all friendly and helpful. Don’t ________ afraid of ________ close to them. A．/; be B．/; being C．be; being D．be; be 10．Many butterflies are still ________ after the long winter days. Now the forest is ________. A．live; lively B．alive; living C．alive; lively 11．—Mum, ________ will you deal with the old clothes? —I want to ________to the people in poor areas. A．what; give them away B．what; give away them C．how; give them away D．how; give away them 12．We have different opinions on many things, so we often ▲ with each other. A．argue B．agree C．angry D．help 13．In order to finish the work in time, the leader plans to divide the volunteers ________ different groups. A．into B．from C．as D．on 14．David ________ in China for ten years. A．live B．has lived C．lives D．have lived 15．Since last year, our school ________ free breakfasts to students in need. A．offered B．has offered C．was offering 16．—Let’s turn on the TV and watch the football match. —It’s too late. It ________ for half an hour. And the result is 1-0. China won! A．has finished B．has begun C．has been on D．has been over 17．Not only the twins but also their cousin ________ their hometown for half a year. A．have left B．has left C．have been away from D．has been away from 18．My sister ______ the book from the library, and she ______ it for two weeks. A．borrowed; has kept B．lent; borrowed C．lent; has kept D．borrowed; borrowed 19．They ________ friends since they met in Shanghai. A．have made B．have become C．have been D．have had 20．—Oh, Jack, your MP4 player looks nice. Is it new? —No. I ________ it for two years. A．have bought B．bought C．have had 知识导图记忆 一、根据提示填词或用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．There is a (大的) garden behind my house. There are many beautiful flowers in it. 2．My father is waiting for me at the school (大门). 3．“If you work hard, your exam score will be (双倍的),” the teacher said to Jim. 4．We (提供) books, and we set tests every week to check your progress. 5．—Did you use to get (有压力的) when you saw the school report from your teacher? —Certainly, I was just a little child, you know. 6．The president has (最近) returned from a tour of South America. 7．John sells books (网上). He often talks to the customers on the computer. 8．Small cars are useful in cities with (狭窄的) streets. 9． (很可能) it will rain tomorrow. 10．Our (政府) has taken action to promote higher birth rates. 11．Adults often give children in their families red packets with money (在里面) . 12．Mr. Smith has just moved to my next door. I hope we can be good (邻居). 13．First, please read the (introduce) of the city. You’ll fall in love with it even before your visit. 14．These bikes are my classmates’ and those are (they). 15．We all enjoy Mr. Li’s class because he teaches maths in a (live) way. 16．The jewelry is so (price) that you must keep it safe. 17．Don’t ask questions about someone’s (person) life here. 18．There's no clear (divide) line between right and wrong about this problem. Everyone has his own opinion. 19．After hours of discussion, the couple reached an not to talk about work at home. (agree) 20．I will visit one of my (relative) in the countryside this coming weekend. 21．We were (deep) moved by his story 22．An hour ( pass) since the train ( leave). 23．It’s five years since he (come) back from the USA． 24．The story of Houyi Shoots the Suns (be) popular with children in China for many years. 25．You’d better cook the fish as soon as possible because they have been (die) for some time. 二、语法选择 Alexa and Brittany are good friends. They play together almost every day. But in fact, they are very different 26 each other. Alexa does 27 in schoolwork than Brittany does. However, Brittany enjoys playing soccer with other kids. Sometimes they can spend hours together happily, 28 at other times they can’t agree on what to do. Last week, Alexa invited Brittany 29 with her in the afternoon. “I don’t want to read now. I just want to play soccer outdoors.” Brittany answered. “We always do 30 you want to do. You should at least listen to 31 once.” Alexa shouted. “It’s not true. We just read books yesterday. I 32 soccer this afternoon.” Brittany said. After 33 argument, they didn’t talk to each other any more. The next day at school, Mrs. Stone learned what happened and talked with them. She said, “You don’t have to do the same every day to be the best friends. You should 34 for each other. You don’t need to be together all the time, because you have different personalities (个性) and think 35 . When you play together, take turns to choose the activity.” After hearing this, Alexa and Brittany agreed and became good friends again. 26．A．in B．for C．from 27．A．well B．better C．the best 28．A．or B．but C．so 29．A．read B．reading C．to read 30．A．whenever B．whoever C．whatever 31．A．my B．me C．mine 32．A．play B．played C．will play 33．A．a B．/ C．the 34．A．care B．caring C．to care 35．A．independent B．independence C．independently 三、完形填空 Once there was a clever man. One day he went shopping and he found a very beautiful vase. He loved it very much. It was 400 dollars, but it was too 36 for him to buy it. “Could you sell it at 200 dollars?” He wanted to cut down the 37 . “I am sorry I can’t,” the shop assistant answered. Then he left the shop 38 saying any word. He went back home and 39 his friends about the vase. His friends 40 a plan. The clever man hoped the plan could work. “The next day, one of his friends went to 41 and asked for the vase at 350 dollars. The shop assistant 42 . Shortly after the first one, the second friend went there and asked for it at 300 dollars. The shop assistant shook his head. Later, the 43 asked the vase for 200. The fourth for 150. The fifth for 100. Oh! It was too low. At last, the clever man went to the shop and offered 44 dollars again. This time, the plan worked and he 45 the beautiful vase at his price. 36．A．expensive B．useful C．cheap D．important 37．A．vase B．price C．tree D．shop 38．A．with B．without C．at D．about 39．A．gave B．showed C．talked D．told 40．A．didn’t have B．wanted C．came up with D．think of 41．A．the shop B．his home C．work D．another shop 42．A．was interested B．was angry C．didn’t agree D．sell it to him 43．A．first B．second C．third D．fourth 44．A．200 B．250 C．400 D．500 45．A．gave up B．broke C．sold D．got 四、阅读理解 A As your children grow up, they need friends, but sometimes, they don’t understand how to make friends. So, it’s time to tell them how to make friends. Talk about what friends are like. Ask your children what they think a friend is. Listen to their answers and then share your opinions on friendship. You might say, “A friend is someone you enjoy spending time with. They make you feel special, and you can rely on (依赖) them.” Then, encourage them to take part in happy and relaxing activities. __________ Storytelling is another great way to help kids learn about friendship. Tell your children a story about friends. Continue the story until it reaches the point where one character has to make a decision. Then, stop and ask your children to decide what a friend is like and discuss how to make friends with him or her. Celebrate your own friendships. Kids learn from you. Let them see that you enjoy great relationships with your friends! Plan a get-together with a few of them and ask your children to join in it as well. During your time together, explain why you enjoy being around your friends. Tell your children to make gifts for their friends. This can show the friends how much your children care about them. There are many different ways to make gifts. For example, your children could make a card, paint a picture, or write a song. After they have finished, help them plan a time to give the gifts to their friends. With your help, your children can be good at making friends. 46．What is a friend like according to Paragraph 2? A．A friend is someone who always makes you happy. B．A friend is someone you often join activities with. C．A friend is someone you enjoy being with and can depend on. D．A friend is someone who is special in the eyes of others. 47．Which of the following can be put in __________? A．Buy books with your kids. B．Ask your kids questions. C．Play with your kids’ friends. D．Tell kids stories about friendship. 48．Why should your children make gifts for their friends? A．Because it helps your children spend their free time. B．Because it shows that your children care about them a lot. C．Because it can improve your children’s hands-on skills. D．Because it helps your children become interesting. 49．Which of the following can show the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 50．The writer wrote the passage to ________. A．help parents learn about friendship B．find more friends for children C．teach children how to make friends D．teach children how to be better friends B Getting in touch with friends is difficult after people change schools or move house. They don’t know how to start the conversation again if they don’t talk with their friends for a long time. Many people want to get in touch with old friends, but they are afraid to do so. Psychologists (心理学家) from colleges did a study about how people feel about getting in touch with old friends. The study shows over 90% of the people don’t call their old friends.70% of them don’t want to call their friends first, because they worry that their old friends won’t want to hear from them or are too busy to talk with them. Some people even think getting in touch with their old friends is as hard as talking to strange people. Lara Aknin, one of the psychologists, said, “Most people are worried that they have different lifestyles and interests now. But these differences can be helpful for people to get close to each other. After sharing something new and interesting, they won’t feel embarrassed (尴尬的) at all. Instead, they know each other better.” In fact, if you get in touch with an old friend, you will be surprised to find that he or she is also looking forward to hearing from you. So, why not give your old friend a call? 51．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving a fact. C．By asking a question. D．By listing numbers. 52．Why don’t most people want to call their old friends first? A．Because they almost forget their old friends. B．Because they don’t want to trouble their old friends. C．Because they have nothing to say to their old friends. D．Because they don’t care about their old friends at all. 53．What can we learn from Lara Aknin’s words? A．It’s hard to get in touch with old friends. B．We can’t share our things with old friends. C．Differences may help people get close to old friends. D．Most people might have different lifestyles and interests. 54．What does the writer want to tell us? A．It’s important to have some good friends. B．Be brave to get in touch with your old friends. C．We should make as many new friends as possible. D．Make friends with people having the same interest. 55．Where is this passage probably from? A．A travel guide. B．A storybook. C．A sports newspaper. D．A science magazine. 五、完成句子 56．他借那本杂志多久了？ How has he the magazine? 57．Mary bought the book about History three days ago. (同义句转换) Mary has the book about History three days ago. 58．Broadway became famous in the early twentieth century. (用现在完成时改写句子) Broadway famous the early twentieth century. 59．迈克的爷爷奶奶结婚50年了。（两种表达） ①Mike’s grandparents for fifty years. ②Mike’s grandparents fifty years ago. 60．Ne Zha 2 started 10 minutes ago in Bona Cinema.（改为同义句） Ne Zha 2 for 10 minutes in Bona Cinema. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第01讲 Unit 2（知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 一、重点单词、短语梳理 单词 1．giant n．（儿童故事中的）巨人 11．grade n．年级 21．agreement n．（意见的）一致 2．shout v．大声说，喊叫，呼喊 12．article n．（报刊的）文章，论文 22．relative n．家人；亲戚 3．gate n．（栅栏或围墙上的）大门 13．allow v．允许，容许，准许 23．poem n．诗；韵文 4．since prep．自从······以来； 14．attend v．参加，出席，到场 24．inside adv．在（容器或其他封闭的空间）里面；往里面 5．nor conj．也不 15．whom pron．谁，什么人 25．neighbour n．邻居，邻人 6．hole n．洞，孔，坑 16．narrow adj．狭窄的 26．drift v．随意移动，漂泊；摇摆不定；漫无目的地行动 7．afraid adj．害怕的，恐惧的 17．unit n．计量用的）单位 27．ashamed adj．羞耻的，内疚的 8．return v．返回，回来，回去 18．perhaps adv．可能，大概，也许 28．deeply adv．非常，很深地 9．lively adj．充满活力的，生气勃 19．argue v．争论，争吵 29．pass v．过去，流逝 10．theirs pron．他们的，她们的 20．divide v．（把······）分开 30．whenever conj．每当 词形变化 31. lively adj 充满活力的-live adj. 活的，现场直播的-living adj. 活着的，n. 生计（make a living） 32. argue v. 争吵-argument n. 争论 33. divide v. 分开-divided adj. 分裂的，有分歧的-division n.分开，分配 34. neighbour n.邻居- neighbourhood n. 街区 35. deeply adv. 深深地-deep adj. 深的 36. agree v.同意-agreement n.同意 短语 37．so．．that．如此······以至于······ 39．roller coaster 过山车 42．reach an agreement 达成协议 38．knock down 摧毁 40．argue over 就······争论 43．in return 作为回报 2、 核心考点精讲 考点1 Remember this and you will go a long way in getting along with people.记住这一点，你就能在与人相处方面走得很远。（教材P19） get along with sb.与某人和睦相处相当于get on with sb.。 例： It’s important to learn how to get along/on with your classmates at school.在学校学习如何与同班同学和睦相处是很重要的。 考点2 “What are you doing here?” he shouts in a very angry voice.“你们在这儿干什么？”他非常生气地喊道（教材P21） shout /ʃaʊt/ v.大声说，喊叫，呼喊 shout for help 呼救 shout at…冲……大声叫嚷（有愤怒的语气） shout to…对……大声喊叫（因距离远而呼喊） 例：It's not polite to shout to people. 对着人大声说话是很不礼貌的。 考点3 Since then, he hasn’t seen a child there.从那以后，他再也没有在那里见过一个孩子。（教材P21） since /sɪns/ prep.自从……以来；自从……之后，后接表示时间点的词或短语，常与现在完成时连用。 since then从那以后 例：Since then, I have stepped onto the road to learning about Chinese culture.从那时起，我就踏上了学习中国文化的道路. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. 几千年来，中国人就梦想着去月球. (since引导时间状语从句，从句常用一般过去时，对应的主句多用现在完成时。) 考点4 But spring never comes, nor summer.但是春天没有来，夏天也没有。（教材P21） nor /nɔː/ conj.也不，nor summer的原句应该是“nor does summer come”。nor常用于列举两个或更多相同性质的否定事物或情况 neither...nor...既不……也不…… （1）该短语表示否定含义，用来连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等。 （2）当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要与其邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。 We should neither feed the animals nor touch them in the zoo.在动物园里我们既不应该喂动物也不应该触摸它们。 Both he and I were wrong.我和他都错了。 考点5 One morning, the Giant suddenly hears birds singing.一天早晨，巨人突然听到鸟儿在唱歌。（教材P21） hear sb./sth. doing sth.听到某人/某物正在做某事 hear sb./sth.doing sth. “听到某人/某物正在做某事”，强调听到的动作正在进行。 hear sb./sth. do sth. “听到某人/某物做了某事或经常做某事”，强调听到某个动作发生的整个过程或某个动作经常发生。 例：I hear him singing in the room.我听见他正在房间里唱歌。 I often hear him sing.我经常听到他唱歌。 考点6 And the trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers.树木们开心得浑身都开满了花。（教材P21） so...that...如此……以至于…… , so后接形容词或副词，that后的句子表示结果。 例：Kelly was so surprised that she could hardly answer.凯莉惊讶得几乎说不出话来。 拓展：1. such...that...如此……以至于……，such后接名词（短语），that后的句子表示结果。 例： Table tennis is such an interesting sport that people all over the world play it.乒乓球是如此有趣的一项运动，以至于全世界的人都打乒乓球。 2. so．．．that．．．结构可以转化为too．．．to．．．结构。 例：The girl is so short that she can't reach the top of the shelf. The girl is too short to reach the top of the shelf. 那个女孩太矮了，够不到架子的顶端。 考点7 The children look afraid.孩子们看起来很害怕。（教材P21） afraid /əˈfreɪd/ adj.害怕的，恐惧的 例：Linda is afraid of the dark. She even leaves the light on while sleeping.琳达怕黑。她甚至在睡觉的时候也不关灯。 Don’t be afraid to ask teachers for help after class.下课后不要害怕向老师求助。 Jim is no longer afraid of making new friends at school now.吉姆现在不再害怕在学校结交新朋友了。 I understand your meaning. But I’m afraid I can’t agree with you. 我明白你的意思。但是恐怕我不能同意你的观点。 Will it rain tomorrow？明天会下雨吗？ -I'm afraid so, according to the weather forecast. 根据天气预报来看，恐怕会下。 考点8 The children return, and the garden is lively again. 孩子们回来了，花园又活跃起来了。（教材P22） return /rɪˈtɜ:n/ v. 返回，回来，回去, 相当于go/come back，“return to+地点名词/return+地点副词”意为“返回某地”。 还可意为“归还”。 return sth. to sb.相当于give sth. back to sb.,意为“把某物还给某人”。 例：I’m going to return this book to Tom.=I’m going to give this book back to Tom.我要把这本书还给汤姆。 lively /ˈlaɪvli/ adj.充满活力的，生气勃勃的, lively虽然以-ly结尾，但它不是副词 例：This is a really lively party.这真是个热闹的聚会。 考点9 This year, Uncle Jimmy plans to give away 800 ice creams. 今年，吉米叔叔计划赠送800个冰激凌。（教材P23） give away赠送；捐赠，give+人称代词（只能放中间）+away 例：I don’t need these books. I plan to give them away to the library.我不需要这些书。我打算把它们捐给图书馆。 考点10 Narrow lanes are very common in China.狭窄的小巷在中国很常见。（教材P28） narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. 狭窄的 例：It’s quite narrow — you can easily step across.它很窄，你可以很容易地跨过去。 考点11 Two local families, the Zhangs and the Wus, argued over the dividing line between their houses.当地的两户人家，张家和吴家，因为房子的分界线发生了争吵。（教材P28） argue /ˈɑ:ɡju:/ v.争论，争吵 argument n.争吵，争论 argue with sb.与某人争论/争吵 argue about/over sth.因某事而争论/争吵 例：Don’t argue with the driver when taking a bus.乘坐公共汽车时不要和司机争吵。 例：They were arguing about/over the matter again.他们又在为这件事争吵。 divide /dəˈvaɪd/ v.（把……）分开, divide...into...把……分成……, be divided into...被分成…… 例：The traditional Chinese calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms.中国传统历法将一年分为24个节气。 The book is divided into six sections.本书分为六部分 考点12 In return, they decided to do the same thing.作为回报，他们决定做同样的事情。（教材P29） in return作为回报；作为回应 例：I asked her opinion, but she just asked me a question in return.我征求她的意见，她却只是反问了我一句 考点13 The people of Tongcheng still keep the poem in mind.桐城人民的心中仍牢记着这首诗。（教材P29） keep...in mind把……放在心里，把……记在心上 例：We’re supposed to keep in mind that it is important to tell the truth.我们应该记住说真话是很重要的。 考点14 Whenever they walk down the lane, they remember how kindness encourages more kindness.每当他们走在小巷里，他们都会记得善良是如何鼓励更多的善良的。（教材P29） whenever /wenˈevə/ conj.每当，引导时间状语从句，相当于every time。 拓展：表示无论何时， 引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when。 Help whenever and wherever you can.无论何时何地，尽你所能提供帮助。 Grammar单元语法：现在完成时（二） 1. 与表示一段时间的标志词连用，短暂性动词要变为持续性动词（见下表）。表示一段时间的标志词有：for，since，how long。 for+一段时间，表示“持续……” ；since+ … ago / 过去时的句子，表示“自从……以来” 。 教材p23 解析： 1 答案：I for 句意：这位74岁老人过去17年一直在新加坡卖雪糕，后跟时间段用for。 2 答案：offers 句意：每年3月22日他的生日，他免费提供雪糕，因此此处用一般现在时。 3 答案：since 句意：他从70岁生日就开始这样做。his 70th birthday是过去时间点用since。 4 答案：have been 句意：人们最近变得很有压力。recently可知要用现在完成时。 5 答案：for 句意：分享使得我在过去四年感到快乐。the past four years是时间段用for。 6 答案：enjoys 句意：他很享受与顾客聊天，此处为一般现在时。 7 答案：since 句意：很多顾客从他们第一次见面就成为了他的朋友。they first met是过去时的句子，用since。 8 答案：since 句意：他从那时开始在网上交了很多朋友。since then,从那时起。 一、单项选择 1．--What do you think of Simon? --Well, I find it hard to him. A．get along with B．get through C．get to D．get across 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得西蒙怎么样？——嗯，我觉得很难和他相处。A. get along with进展，与…和睦相处；B. get through 穿过；C. get to到达；D. get across横过。结合句意可知，答案为A。 2．The little girl shouted ________ the people on the beach for help. A．at B．for C．to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个小女孩朝着沙滩上的人们大声呼救。 考查介词辨析。at在……；for为了……；to向，朝着。shout at多指因生气或愤怒“冲某人大声吼叫”；shout to指因距离远而不得不“对某人大声叫喊”。根据题干可知小女孩大喊是为了让人们听到后来救她，此处应用shout to。故选C。 3．—Did you see 2025 Spring Festival Gala? —Yes, the robots surprised people a lot. They ________ the world with the Yangko dance since then. A．impressed B．impress C．have impressed D．are impressing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你看2025年春晚了吗？——看了，那些机器人让人们很惊讶。从那以后，它们就用秧歌舞给世界留下了深刻印象。 考查现在完成时。根据“since then”可知，此句时态用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，结构为have/has done。故选C。 4．Neither I nor he ________ known anything about the prices of the PCs, so ________ he ________ I decided to compare them before buying it. A．have; not only; but also B．has; both; and C．hasn’t; either; or D．haven’t; neither; nor 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我和他都不知道电脑的价格，所以他和我都决定在购买之前进行比较。 考查连词和主谓一致。neither…nor…“两者都不”，表否定；both…and…“两者都”；not only…but also…“不仅……而且……”；either…or…“要么……要么……”。“neither…nor…”作主语时，谓语动词由nor后面的内容决定，即“就近原则”，he是三单，且句子已有否定含义，助动词填has；根据“Neither I nor he has known anything about the prices of the PCs”可知，我和他都不知道电脑的价格，所以他和我都决定在购买之前进行比较。故选B。 5． Jake his sister Emma takes guitar lessons at the weekends, because they have no time. A．Both; and B．Not only; but also C．Neither; nor D．Either; or 【答案】C 【详解】句意：杰克和他的妹妹艾玛周末都不上吉他课，因为他们没有时间。本题考查并列连词的使用。A.both…and… 两者都,连接两个并列的作主语，谓语动词一般要用复数形式，根据后面动词takes，故排除；B.not only…but also… 不仅……而且……；C.neither…nor… 两者都不；D.either…or 要么……要么……。后三者连接两个并列的主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则，根据because they have no time.可知，此处是否定表达，两者都不，根据句意可知，故选C。 6．Listen! Can you hear someone ________ in the next room? A．sing B．singing C．to sing D．sings 【答案】B 【详解】句意：听！你能听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌吗？ 考查非谓语动词。hear sb doing sth“听到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行；hear sb do sth“听到某人做某事”，表示听到动作的全过程（常指经常性动作）。根据“Listen! Can you hear someone”可知，此处表示正在发生的动作，因此选择现在分词形式。故选B。 7．Ne Zha 2 is ________ huge box office success. It is ________ a wonderful film that I have seen it three times. A．a; so B．a; such C．the; so D．the; such 【答案】B 【详解】句意：《哪吒2》是一部票房大作。这是一部如此精彩的电影，我已经看了三遍。 考查冠词、形容词和副词辨析。a“一个”，不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；the“这，那”，定冠词，表特指；so“如此，那么”，副词；such“如此的”，形容词。根据句意可知，《哪吒2》是一部票房大作，此处表示泛指，且huge首音素是辅音音素，所以应用a；第二空是such a后接名词，意为“如此的一个……”，且such…that…引导结果状语从句，“such如此的”符合题意。故选B。 8．—You study ______ hard ______ you’re sure to pass the exam. —Thank you for saying so. A．enough; to B．as; as C．so; that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你学习如此努力，你一定能通过考试。——谢谢你这么说。 考查结果状语从句。...enought to do sth.足够……去做某事，形容词或者副词放在enough前面；as...as...和……一样……，表示同级比较；so...that...如此……以至于……，后面跟结果状语从句。根据句子结构可知，第二空后是一个句子，且结合句意可知，这里表示的是你学习如此努力，以至于你一定能通过考试，是一个结果状语从句。故选C。 9．Your teachers are all friendly and helpful. Don’t ________ afraid of ________ close to them. A．/; be B．/; being C．be; being D．be; be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你的老师都很友好和乐于助人。不要害怕靠近他们。 考查祈使句，形容词短语、动词短语和动名词作宾语。be afraid of“害怕”，祈使句用动词原形，排除AB；be close to“靠近”，of是介词，其后用动名词作宾语。故选C。 10．Many butterflies are still ________ after the long winter days. Now the forest is ________. A．live; lively B．alive; living C．alive; lively 【答案】C 【详解】句意：长长冬天后许多蝴蝶仍然活着，现在森林里是生机勃勃的。 考查形容词辨析。live生活，动词；lively活泼的，生动的，生机勃勃的，可作定语和表语；alive活着的，可作表语；living现存的，作定语。根据“Many butterflies are still...after the long winter days.”可知，这里指许多蝴蝶还活着，第一空填alive；根据“Now the forest is...”可知，现在森林里是生机勃勃的，第二空填lively。故选C。 11．—Mum, ________ will you deal with the old clothes? —I want to ________to the people in poor areas. A．what; give them away B．what; give away them C．how; give them away D．how; give away them 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，你打算怎么处理这些旧衣服？——我想把它们送给贫困地区的人们。 考查疑问词和动词短语用法。what什么；how怎样；give away捐出。第一个空处询问处理旧衣物的方式，“deal with”表示处理，对应的疑问词应为询问方式的how。短语give away表示“捐赠”，当代词them作宾语时，需放在动词和副词之间，即give them away。故选C。 12．We have different opinions on many things, so we often ▲ with each other. A．argue B．agree C．angry D．help 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在许多事情上我们有不同的意见，因此我们经常互相争论。A. argue 争论；   B. agree 同意；C. angry生气的；D. help帮助。argue with sb.与某人争论。结合语境判断，答案为A。 13．In order to finish the work in time, the leader plans to divide the volunteers ________ different groups. A．into B．from C．as D．on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了及时完成这项工作，这个领队打算把志愿者分成不同小组。 考查介词辨析和动词短语。into到……里；from从……；as作为；on在……上面。根据“divide the volunteers ... different groups”可知，应是把志愿者分成不同小组，此处使用短语divide...into“把……分为……”，故选A。 14．David ________ in China for ten years. A．live B．has lived C．lives D．have lived 【答案】B 【详解】句意：David在中国已经住了十年。 考查现在完成时。根据“for ten years”可知，用现在完成时，表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。主语是David是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故选B。 15．Since last year, our school ________ free breakfasts to students in need. A．offered B．has offered C．was offering 【答案】B 【详解】句意：从去年开始，我们学校就为贫困学生提供免费早餐了。 考查现在完成时。根据“Since last year”可知，此处应使用现在完成时。故选B。 16．—Let’s turn on the TV and watch the football match. —It’s too late. It ________ for half an hour. And the result is 1-0. China won! A．has finished B．has begun C．has been on D．has been over 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们打开电视看足球比赛吧。——太晚了。已经结束半小时了。结果是1比0。中国队赢了！ 考查现在完成时和词义辨析。finish结束；begin开始；on正在进行中；over结束的。“for half an hour”表示一段时间，finish和begin都是瞬间性动词，不能和一段时间连用，故排除A和B；根据“It’s too late...And the result is 1-0. China won!”可知，比赛已经结束了，因此空处应是has been over。故选D。 17．Not only the twins but also their cousin ________ their hometown for half a year. A．have left B．has left C．have been away from D．has been away from 【答案】D 【详解】句意：不仅双胞胎，他们的表亲也离开家乡半年了。 考查现在完成时延续性动词及主谓一致。根据“for half a year.”可知，表示一段时间，谓语需可延续的状态或动作，leave“离开”需变成延续性词be away from，时态用现在完成时，其结构为has/have done，Not only...but also...“不仅……而且……”，谓语动词需与最近的主语保持一致，their cousin为名词单数，助动词用has。故选D。 18．My sister ______ the book from the library, and she ______ it for two weeks. A．borrowed; has kept B．lent; borrowed C．lent; has kept D．borrowed; borrowed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我姐姐从图书馆借了这本书，她已经借了两周了。     考查动词辨析及时态。borrowed借入，过去时；has kept保留，现在完成时；lent借出，过去时。根据“My sister ... the book from the library, and she ...it for two weeks.”可知，从图书馆“借入”用borrowed；“for两周”需延续性动词keep。故选A。 19．They ________ friends since they met in Shanghai. A．have made B．have become C．have been D．have had 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从他们在上海相遇后，他们就一直是朋友。 考查现在完成时。根据“They...friends since they met in Shanghai.”可知，此处为现在完成时，make和become是短暂性动词，不能与since连用，此处要用延续性动词，所以排除选项A和B；have had表示“拥有”；be friends表示成为朋友的这种状态，符合题意。故选C。 20．—Oh, Jack, your MP4 player looks nice. Is it new? —No. I ________ it for two years. A．have bought B．bought C．have had 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——哦，杰克，你的MP4播放器看起来不错。是新的吗？——不，我已经买了两年了。 考查现在完成时的用法。根据时间状语“for two years”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时，且“拥有”需用延续性动词“have”，而非短暂性动词“buy”。故选C。 知识导图记忆 一、根据提示填词或用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．There is a (大的) garden behind my house. There are many beautiful flowers in it. 【答案】large 【详解】句意：我的房子后面有一个大花园。里面有许多美丽的花。根据中文提示，“大的”large，形容词修饰名词garden。故填large。 2．My father is waiting for me at the school (大门). 【答案】gate 【详解】句意：我的爸爸正在学校大门口等我。gate“大门”，此处表示“学校大门”用单数形式，故填gate。 3．“If you work hard, your exam score will be (双倍的),” the teacher said to Jim. 【答案】double 【详解】句意：“如果你努力学习，考试成绩就会加倍”，老师告诉Jim。根据句意及汉语提示可知，double“双倍的”，形容词作表语。故填double。 4．We (提供) books, and we set tests every week to check your progress. 【答案】provide/offer 【详解】句意：我们提供书籍，并且每周安排测试来检查您的学习进度。根据中文提示，provide/offer“提供”符合题意，结合“every week”可知，该句是一般现在时，主语是“We”，动词填原形。故填provide/offer。 5．—Did you use to get (有压力的) when you saw the school report from your teacher? —Certainly, I was just a little child, you know. 【答案】stressed 【详解】句意：当你从老师那里看到学习报告时，你有没有感到压力？get表感觉系动词，后接形容词；根据句意语境和汉语提示，可知填stressed。 6．The president has (最近) returned from a tour of South America. 【答案】recently 【详解】句意：总统最近从南美旅行中返回。根据汉语提示可知，recently意为“最近”，为时间副词。故填recently。 7．John sells books (网上). He often talks to the customers on the computer. 【答案】online 【详解】句意：John在网上卖书。他经常在电脑上与顾客交谈。online“（在）网上”，副词作状语。故填online。 8．Small cars are useful in cities with (狭窄的) streets. 【答案】narrow 【详解】句意：小型汽车在街道狭窄的城市是很有用的。narrow“狭窄的”，形容词作定语，故填narrow。 9． (很可能) it will rain tomorrow. 【答案】Perhaps/Probably 【详解】句意：很可能明天会下雨。根据所给汉语提示，perhaps/probably表示“很可能”。句首字母大写。故填Perhaps/Probably。 10．Our (政府) has taken action to promote higher birth rates. 【答案】government 【详解】句意：我们的政府已采取措施鼓励提高生育率。government“政府”，可数名词。根据“has”可知，主语是单数。故填government。 11．Adults often give children in their families red packets with money (在里面) . 【答案】inside 【详解】句意：成年人经常给家里的孩子红包，里面装着钱。根据“red packets with money”以及汉语提示可知，红包里面常常装着钱，inside“在里面”，副词作地点状语，说明钱的位置在红包内部。故填inside。 12．Mr. Smith has just moved to my next door. I hope we can be good (邻居). 【答案】neighbours/neighbors 【详解】句意：史密斯先生刚搬到我家隔壁。我希望我们能成为好邻居。根据汉语提示，neighbour/neighbor意为“邻居”，可数名词；根据“I hope we can be good...”可知，此处表达双方成为好邻居，用名词复数neighbours/neighbors，作表语。故填neighbours/neighbors。 13．First, please read the (introduce) of the city. You’ll fall in love with it even before your visit. 【答案】introduction 【详解】句意：首先，请阅读这座城市的介绍。在你游览之前，你甚至就会爱上它。根据“the + 名词 + of”结构可知，这里需要一个名词，“introduce”是动词，意为“介绍”，其名词形式是“introduction”。故填introduction。 14．These bikes are my classmates’ and those are (they). 【答案】theirs 【详解】句意：这些自行车是我同学们的，那些是他们的。空后没有名词，空处用名词性物主代词作表语，they的名词性物主代词为theirs。故填theirs。 15．We all enjoy Mr. Li’s class because he teaches maths in a (live) way. 【答案】lively 【详解】句意：我们都喜欢李老师的课，因为他教数学的方式很生动。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词way，live的形容词形式是lively“生动的、活泼的”。故填lively。 16．The jewelry is so (price) that you must keep it safe. 【答案】priceless 【详解】句意：这些珠宝是无价之宝，你必须妥善保管。price“价格”，是名词，作为系动词is的表语，有副词so修饰，用形容词，根据“you must keep it safe”可知，你必须妥善保管的珠宝，应是无价的，priceless“无价的”，是形容词，故填priceless。 17．Don’t ask questions about someone’s (person) life here. 【答案】personal 【详解】句意：不要在这里问别人的私生活问题。person“个人”，本句需要填入形容词来修饰“life”，personal“私人的，个人的”。故填personal。 18．There's no clear (divide) line between right and wrong about this problem. Everyone has his own opinion. 【答案】dividing 【详解】句意：这个问题没有明确的正确与错误的界限。每个人都有自己的看法。根据“line”可知，需要形容词，dividing line“分界线”符合句意，故填dividing。 19．After hours of discussion, the couple reached an not to talk about work at home. (agree) 【答案】agreement 【详解】句意：经过几个小时的讨论，夫妻俩达成协议，不在家里谈论工作。分析句子，空前有an，修饰可数名词单数，agree的名词形式为“agreement”，意为“协议”，作宾语。故填agreement。 20．I will visit one of my (relative) in the countryside this coming weekend. 【答案】relatives 【详解】句意：这个即将到来的周末，我将去乡下拜访我的一个亲戚。relative“亲戚”，名词。结合提示词和题干可知，one of+名词复数，表示“……之一”，所以此处应用relative的复数形式relatives。故填relatives。 21．We were (deep) moved by his story 【答案】deeply 【详解】句意：我们被他的故事深深地感动了。此处用副词修饰动作was moved，deep的副词形式是deeply“深深地”。故填deeply。 22．An hour ( pass) since the train ( leave). 【答案】 has passed left 【详解】句意：火车离开已经一个小时了。第一空，根据“since the train …”可知，主句的时态应用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done；主语“An hour”为第三人称单数，助动词应用has，动词pass的过去分词为passed；第二空从句中“火车离开”是过去发生的动作，句子时态应用一般过去时，谓语动词“leave”应用其过去式left。故填has passed；left。 23．It’s five years since he (come) back from the USA． 【答案】came 【详解】句意：自从他从美国回来已经五年了。句型“It is + 时间段 + since + 从句”表示“自从……以来已经多长时间了”，该结构中，since引导的从句需使用一般过去时，强调动作发生在过去的某个时间点，应填came。故填came。 24．The story of Houyi Shoots the Suns (be) popular with children in China for many years. 【答案】has been 【详解】句意：后羿射日的故事在中国已经受孩子们欢迎很多年了。由“for many years”可知句子用现在完成时（has/have + 过去分词），be的过去分词为been，主语是单数，助动词用has，故填has been。 25．You’d better cook the fish as soon as possible because they have been (die) for some time. 【答案】dead 【详解】句意：你最好尽快把鱼煮了，因为它们已经死了一段时间了。根据“they have been ... for some time”以及英文提示可知，此处需要填入一个形容词或过去分词，与“have been”构成现在完成时的被动状态，表示“死亡”的持续状态。“die”是短暂性动词，其对应的延续性状态为“dead”。故填dead。 二、语法选择 Alexa and Brittany are good friends. They play together almost every day. But in fact, they are very different 26 each other. Alexa does 27 in schoolwork than Brittany does. However, Brittany enjoys playing soccer with other kids. Sometimes they can spend hours together happily, 28 at other times they can’t agree on what to do. Last week, Alexa invited Brittany 29 with her in the afternoon. “I don’t want to read now. I just want to play soccer outdoors.” Brittany answered. “We always do 30 you want to do. You should at least listen to 31 once.” Alexa shouted. “It’s not true. We just read books yesterday. I 32 soccer this afternoon.” Brittany said. After 33 argument, they didn’t talk to each other any more. The next day at school, Mrs. Stone learned what happened and talked with them. She said, “You don’t have to do the same every day to be the best friends. You should 34 for each other. You don’t need to be together all the time, because you have different personalities (个性) and think 35 . When you play together, take turns to choose the activity.” After hearing this, Alexa and Brittany agreed and became good friends again. 26．A．in B．for C．from 27．A．well B．better C．the best 28．A．or B．but C．so 29．A．read B．reading C．to read 30．A．whenever B．whoever C．whatever 31．A．my B．me C．mine 32．A．play B．played C．will play 33．A．a B．/ C．the 34．A．care B．caring C．to care 35．A．independent B．independence C．independently 【答案】 26．C 27．B 28．B 29．C 30．C 31．B 32．C 33．C 34．A 35．C 【导语】本文讲述了Alexa和Brittany这对好朋友经常因为选择活动产生分歧，甚至发生争吵。最后在老师的建议下，她们学会了互相尊重彼此的不同，轮流选择活动，从而维系了友谊。 26．句意：但事实上，她们彼此非常不同。 in在……里；for为；from来自。be difficult from“与……不同”，固定搭配。故选C。 27．句意：Alexa在学校功课上比Brittany做得更好。 well好地，副词原级；better更好，比较级；the best最好的，最高级。根据“than”可知，空处需比较级，故选B。 28．句意：有时她们能开心地一起玩几个小时，但其他时间她们无法达成一致。 or或者，否则；but但是；so所以。根据前后句关系可知，空处表转折，需连词but。故选B。 29．句意：上周，Alexa邀请Brittany下午和她一起读书。 read读，动词原形或过去式；reading读，现在分词或动名词；to read读，动词不定式。invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”，固定搭配。故空处需动词不定式。故选C。 30．句意：我们总是做你想做的事。 whenever无论何时；whoever无论谁；whatever无论什么。根据分析句子结构可知，空处缺宾语，需whatever引导宾语从句，表示“无论什么”。故选C。 31．句意：你至少应该听我一次。 my我的，形容词性物主代词；me我，宾格；mine我的，名词性物主代词。listen to后宾语，故选B。 32．句意：我今天下午要踢足球。 play玩，动词原形；played玩，动词过去式；will play用于一般将来时。根据“this afternoon.”可知，空处时态为一般将来时。故选C。 33．句意：经过这场争论后，她们不再说话。 a一个，用于辅音音素的单词前；/指不填；the这个。根据“After...argument”可知，空处特指“这场争论”，需定冠词the。故选C。 34．句意：你们应该互相照顾。 care关心，动词原形；caring关心，动名词或现在分词；to care关心，动词不定式。情态动词should后跟动词原形。故选A。 35．句意：你们不需要一直在一起，因为你们有不同的个性，能独立地思考。 independent独立的，形容词；independence独立，名词；independently独立地。动词think需副词修饰。故选C。 三、完形填空 Once there was a clever man. One day he went shopping and he found a very beautiful vase. He loved it very much. It was 400 dollars, but it was too 36 for him to buy it. “Could you sell it at 200 dollars?” He wanted to cut down the 37 . “I am sorry I can’t,” the shop assistant answered. Then he left the shop 38 saying any word. He went back home and 39 his friends about the vase. His friends 40 a plan. The clever man hoped the plan could work. “The next day, one of his friends went to 41 and asked for the vase at 350 dollars. The shop assistant 42 . Shortly after the first one, the second friend went there and asked for it at 300 dollars. The shop assistant shook his head. Later, the 43 asked the vase for 200. The fourth for 150. The fifth for 100. Oh! It was too low. At last, the clever man went to the shop and offered 44 dollars again. This time, the plan worked and he 45 the beautiful vase at his price. 36．A．expensive B．useful C．cheap D．important 37．A．vase B．price C．tree D．shop 38．A．with B．without C．at D．about 39．A．gave B．showed C．talked D．told 40．A．didn’t have B．wanted C．came up with D．think of 41．A．the shop B．his home C．work D．another shop 42．A．was interested B．was angry C．didn’t agree D．sell it to him 43．A．first B．second C．third D．fourth 44．A．200 B．250 C．400 D．500 45．A．gave up B．broke C．sold D．got 【答案】 36．A 37．B 38．B 39．D 40．C 41．A 42．C 43．C 44．A 45．D 【导语】本文讲述了一位聪明的人非常喜欢一个花瓶，但价格太高，他通过和朋友们制定计划，逐步让店主降低对花瓶的心理价位，最终以自己期望的价格买到花瓶的故事。 36．句意：它400美元，但对他来说太贵了以至于他买不起。 expensive昂贵的；useful有用的；cheap便宜的；important重要的。根据“It was 400 dollars, but it was too…for him to buy it.”以及“Could you sell it at 200 dollars?”可知，他觉得价格高，想让店主降价，所以此处是说对他来说太贵了，应用expensive。故选A。 37．句意：他想要降低价格。 vase花瓶；price价格；tree树；shop商店。根据“Could you sell it at 200 dollars?”可知，他说让店主以200美元卖，是想降低花瓶的价格，cut down the price表示“降低价格”。故选B。 38．句意：然后他没说任何话就离开了商店。 with有；和……一起；without没有；at在，小地点等；about关于。根据“Then he left the shop…saying any word.”可知，他想降价但店主不同意，所以他没说任何话就走了，应用without，表示“没有做某事”。故选B。 39．句意：他回到家，告诉他的朋友们关于这个花瓶的事。 gave给；showed展示；talked谈话；told告诉。根据“He went back home and…his friends about the vase.”可知，这里应用tell sb about sth，表示“告诉某人关于某事”，这里是说他回家后告诉朋友们花瓶的事。故选D。 40．句意：他的朋友们想出了一个计划。 didn’t have没有；wanted想要；came up with想出；提出；think of想起；考虑。根据“His friends…a plan. The clever man hoped the plan could work.”可知，这里是朋友们想出了一个计划，come up with a plan表示“想出一个计划”，且根据全文时态，应用一般过去时。故选C。 41．句意：第二天，他的一个朋友去了商店，出价350美元买这个花瓶。 the shop商店；his home他的家；work工作；another shop另一家商店。根据前文可知，这个聪明的人是在一家商店看到的花瓶，且他和朋友们想让店主降价，所以他的朋友应该是去了同一家商店，应用the shop。故选A。 42．句意：店员不同意。 was interested感兴趣；was angry生气；didn’t agree不同意；sell it to him卖给他。根据“‘Could you sell it at 200 dollars?’ He wanted to cut down the…. ‘I am sorry I can’t,’ the shop assistant answered.”可知，店主一开始不同意200美元卖，现在朋友出价350美元，还是低于400美元，所以店员不同意，应用didn’t agree。故选C。 43．句意：后来，第三个人出价200美元买这个花瓶。 first第一；second第二；third第三；fourth第四。根据“The next day, one of his friends went to…and asked for the vase at 350 dollars. …Shortly after the first one, the second friend went there and asked for it at 300 dollars. …Later, the…asked the vase for 200. The fourth for 150.”可知，前面已经有第一个朋友出价350美元，第二个朋友出价300美元，接着是第四个朋友出价150美元，所以这里应该是第三个朋友出价200美元，应用third。故选C。 44．句意：最后，这个聪明的人去了商店，再次出价200美元。 200二百；250二百五十；400四百；500五百。根据“‘Could you sell it at 200 dollars?’ He wanted to cut down the….” 以及 “This time, the plan worked and he…the beautiful vase at his price.”可知，他一开始就想以200美元买这个花瓶，最后计划成功了，所以他应该是再次出价200美元，应用200。故选A。 45．句意：这次，计划成功了，他以自己的价格得到了这个漂亮的花瓶。 gave up放弃；broke打破；sold卖；got得到。根据“This time, the plan worked and he…the beautiful vase at his price.”可知，他想以自己期望的价格买花瓶，现在计划成功了，所以是得到了花瓶，应用got。故选D。 四、阅读理解 A As your children grow up, they need friends, but sometimes, they don’t understand how to make friends. So, it’s time to tell them how to make friends. Talk about what friends are like. Ask your children what they think a friend is. Listen to their answers and then share your opinions on friendship. You might say, “A friend is someone you enjoy spending time with. They make you feel special, and you can rely on (依赖) them.” Then, encourage them to take part in happy and relaxing activities. __________ Storytelling is another great way to help kids learn about friendship. Tell your children a story about friends. Continue the story until it reaches the point where one character has to make a decision. Then, stop and ask your children to decide what a friend is like and discuss how to make friends with him or her. Celebrate your own friendships. Kids learn from you. Let them see that you enjoy great relationships with your friends! Plan a get-together with a few of them and ask your children to join in it as well. During your time together, explain why you enjoy being around your friends. Tell your children to make gifts for their friends. This can show the friends how much your children care about them. There are many different ways to make gifts. For example, your children could make a card, paint a picture, or write a song. After they have finished, help them plan a time to give the gifts to their friends. With your help, your children can be good at making friends. 46．What is a friend like according to Paragraph 2? A．A friend is someone who always makes you happy. B．A friend is someone you often join activities with. C．A friend is someone you enjoy being with and can depend on. D．A friend is someone who is special in the eyes of others. 47．Which of the following can be put in __________? A．Buy books with your kids. B．Ask your kids questions. C．Play with your kids’ friends. D．Tell kids stories about friendship. 48．Why should your children make gifts for their friends? A．Because it helps your children spend their free time. B．Because it shows that your children care about them a lot. C．Because it can improve your children’s hands-on skills. D．Because it helps your children become interesting. 49．Which of the following can show the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 50．The writer wrote the passage to ________. A．help parents learn about friendship B．find more friends for children C．teach children how to make friends D．teach children how to be better friends 【答案】46．C 47．D 48．B 49．A 50．C 【导语】本文指出孩子成长中需朋友却常不懂交友，为此给出家长指导孩子交友的方法，包括谈论朋友特质、讲故事、庆祝友谊、教孩子送礼物等，助力孩子学会交友。 46．细节理解题。根据第二段 “You might say, ‘A friend is someone you enjoy spending time with. They make you feel special, and you can rely on (依赖) them.’” 可知，朋友是你喜欢与之相处且可以依赖的人。故选C。 47．细节理解题。根据第三段 “Storytelling is another great way to help kids learn about friendship.” 可知，讲故事是另一种有助于孩子们了解友谊的好方法，此处应填 “Tell kids stories about friendship.” ，故选D。 48．细节理解题。根据第五段 “Tell your children to make gifts for their friends. This can show the friends how much your children care about them.” 可知，让孩子给朋友制作礼物是因为这能表明孩子很在乎他们的朋友。故选B。 49．篇章结构题。文章第一段引出要教孩子如何交朋友的话题；第二、三、四、五段分别从谈论朋友是什么样的、讲故事、庆祝自己的友谊、让孩子给朋友制作礼物这几个方面阐述方法；第六段总结在家长帮助下孩子能学会交朋友。所以是 “总-分-总” 结构 ，A 选项符合。故选A。 50．推理判断题。根据第一段 “As your children grow up, they need friends, but sometimes, they don’t understand how to make friends. So, it’s time to tell them how to make friends.” 以及全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章是为了教孩子如何交朋友。故选C。 B Getting in touch with friends is difficult after people change schools or move house. They don’t know how to start the conversation again if they don’t talk with their friends for a long time. Many people want to get in touch with old friends, but they are afraid to do so. Psychologists (心理学家) from colleges did a study about how people feel about getting in touch with old friends. The study shows over 90% of the people don’t call their old friends.70% of them don’t want to call their friends first, because they worry that their old friends won’t want to hear from them or are too busy to talk with them. Some people even think getting in touch with their old friends is as hard as talking to strange people. Lara Aknin, one of the psychologists, said, “Most people are worried that they have different lifestyles and interests now. But these differences can be helpful for people to get close to each other. After sharing something new and interesting, they won’t feel embarrassed (尴尬的) at all. Instead, they know each other better.” In fact, if you get in touch with an old friend, you will be surprised to find that he or she is also looking forward to hearing from you. So, why not give your old friend a call? 51．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving a fact. C．By asking a question. D．By listing numbers. 52．Why don’t most people want to call their old friends first? A．Because they almost forget their old friends. B．Because they don’t want to trouble their old friends. C．Because they have nothing to say to their old friends. D．Because they don’t care about their old friends at all. 53．What can we learn from Lara Aknin’s words? A．It’s hard to get in touch with old friends. B．We can’t share our things with old friends. C．Differences may help people get close to old friends. D．Most people might have different lifestyles and interests. 54．What does the writer want to tell us? A．It’s important to have some good friends. B．Be brave to get in touch with your old friends. C．We should make as many new friends as possible. D．Make friends with people having the same interest. 55．Where is this passage probably from? A．A travel guide. B．A storybook. C．A sports newspaper. D．A science magazine. 【答案】51．B 52．B 53．C 54．B 55．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了人们在更换学校或搬家后与老朋友保持联系的困难，以及他们对此的心理障碍。 51．细节理解题。根据“Getting in touch with friends is difficult after people change schools or move house. They don’t know how to start the conversation again if they don’t talk with their friends for a long time. Many people want to get in touch with old friends, but they are afraid to do so.”可知，作者通过列事实开始本段的, 故选B。 52．细节理解题。根据“The study shows over 90% of the people don’t call their old friends.70% of them don’t want to call their friends first, because they worry that their old friends won’t want to hear from them or are too busy to talk with them.”可知，不给老朋友打电话因为他们不想麻烦他们，故选B。 53．细节理解题。根据“Lara Aknin, one of the psychologists, said, ‘Most people are worried that they have different lifestyles and interests now. But these differences can be helpful for people to get close to each other. After sharing something new and interesting, they won’t feel embarrassed at all. Instead, they know each other better.’”可知，通过他的话, 我们可以知道差异可以帮助人们亲近老朋友，故选C。 54．主旨大意题。根据“In fact, if you get in touch with an old friend, you will be surprised to find that he or she is also looking forward to hearing from you. So, why not give your old friend a call?”可知，我们要勇敢地和老朋友联系, 故选B。 55．推理判断题。根据“Getting in touch with friends is difficult after people change schools or move house. They don’t know how to start the conversation again if they don’t talk with their friends for a long time. Many people want to get in touch with old friends, but they are afraid to do so.”和通读全文可知，应该是出自科学书，故选D。 五、完成句子 56．他借那本杂志多久了？ How has he the magazine? 【答案】 long kept 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，询问多久用how long，根据“has”可知，此处是现在完成时，表示“借”应用延续性动词keep的过去分词kept。故填long；kept。 57．Mary bought the book about History three days ago. (同义句转换) Mary has the book about History three days ago. 【答案】 had since 【详解】句意：玛丽三天前买了这本关于历史的书。改写为：玛丽自从三天前就拥有了这本关于历史的书。原句是一般过去时，要改为现在完成时，且与一段时间连用。“buy”是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，需变为“have”，其过去分词是“had”；“since +时间点”表示“自从……”，用于现在完成时，“three days ago”是时间点，所以用“since”。故填had；since。 58．Broadway became famous in the early twentieth century. (用现在完成时改写句子) Broadway famous the early twentieth century. 【答案】 has been since 【详解】句意：百老汇在20世纪初变得著名。要求改成现在完成时，句子则表达为“百老汇自20世纪初以来一直非常有名。”，since“自从”，后跟时间点，句子应使用延续性动词，became是短暂性动词，其延续性动词为be，主语是第三人称单数，现在完成时结构用has been。故填has；been；since。 59．迈克的爷爷奶奶结婚50年了。（两种表达） ①Mike’s grandparents for fifty years. ②Mike’s grandparents fifty years ago. 【答案】 have been married got married 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，第一句缺少“结婚”“，“for fifty years”表示一段时间，要用现在完成时，且动词需用延续性动词。be married表示“已婚”的状态，是延续性的，其现在完成时形式为have been married，故第一空填have been married；第二句中“fifty years ago”是一般过去时的标志，get married表示 “结婚” 这一动作，其过去式为got married，故第二空填got married。故填have been married；got married。 60．Ne Zha 2 started 10 minutes ago in Bona Cinema.（改为同义句） Ne Zha 2 for 10 minutes in Bona Cinema. 【答案】 has been on 【详解】句意：《哪吒2》10分钟前在博纳电影院上映。根据“for 10 minutes”可知，是由一般过去时转换为现在完成时。现在完成时标志词为“for+一段时间”时，动词必须为延续动词，start为瞬间动词，需要转换为表示延续状态的短语“be on”；主语是单数，助动词用has，故填has；been；on。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$