精品解析：上海市曹杨中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期末英语试卷

上海市曹杨中学2024学年第二学期 高一英语期末试卷 总分：115分；考试时间：105分钟； Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. It is hard for me to recall the day ______ we lived in Canada. A. that B. which C. when D. as 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我很难回忆起我们在加拿大生活的那一天。定语从句修饰先行词day，在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。故选C。 2. More than a dozen students in that school ________ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：去年那所学校有十几名学生被送到国外学医。根据时间状语last year可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，动词send和主语之间是被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B项。 3. ________you want me to fire you, I suggest you stop wearing sports clothes at office. A. If B. Since C. Unless D. Until 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：除非你想让我解雇你，我建议你不要在办公室里穿运动服。A. If如果；B. Since因为；C. Unless除非；D. Until直到。此处表示除非你想让我解雇你，结合句意，故选C。 4. You’d better take something to read when you go to see a doctor __________ you have to wait. A. as if B. even if C. so that D. in case 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查连词。句意：你去看医生的时候最好带点东西看，以防你要等。A. as if好像；B. even if即使；C. so that以便，为了；D. in case免得，以防。根据前后语义可知，此处表达“以防你要等”的意思。故选D项。 5. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He is always working hard, so he makes progress all the time. A. to learn B. learn C. learned D. learning 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查不定式。句意：保罗不需要被强迫去学习。他总是努力工作，所以他总是取得进步。make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，“do sth.”是省略to的不定式，其变为被动语态时需将不定式符号to还原，因此为sb. be made to do，因此空格处是不定式to learn，故选A。 6. ________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据报纸报道，两国之间的谈判正取得进展。分析句子结构可知，as引导非限定性定语从句，主句是：talks between the two countries are making progress，也是as所指代的内容。该句子可以改为：It is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two countries are making progress.，其中it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。也可以改为：What is reported in the newspaper is that talks between the two countries are making progress.，其中what引导主语从句：what is reported in the newspaper，并在从句中作主语，that引导表语从句，不作成分，只起引导作用。综上分析，此题为第一种情况。故选B。 7. You can’t imagine the difficulty the single mother had_____________ her three children. A. to bring up B. bringing up C. bring up D. brought up 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：你无法想象那位单身母亲在养育她的三个孩子时所经历的困难。分析句子可知，the difficulty the single mother had后面省略了in，完整的结构是have difficulty (in) doing sth.，表示“做某事有困难”，这里用动名词形式，所以需用bringing up。故选B项。 8. Hopefully in 2030 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we ________ communication tools by then. A. have developed B. had developed C. will have developed D. developed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：希望在2030年，我们将不再互相发送电子邮件，因为到那时我们将开发出通信工具。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语by then可知，应使用完成时态，结合句意可知，then指的是2023年，为将来的时间，截止到2023年，该动作已经发生，所以应使用将来完成时态。故选C项。 9. When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians_____________ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly. A. wearing B. to wear C. worn D. having worn 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当第一批英国移民到达新大陆时，戴着动物骨头制成的首饰的印第安人热情地欢迎他们。空处为非谓语动词，Indians与wear为主动关系，用现在分词作定语。故选A项。 10. You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of ______ you think your real interests lie. A. where B. what C. that D. how 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你应当首先开发你的天赋，了解自己，以便于列出一个你认为你真正的兴趣所在的名单。空处引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用连接副词where引导。故选A。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why would someone decide to stop eating? We know that the body needs food in order to function well. However, many people fast at some time during their lives. Why is this? Some people fast for political reasons. In the early 20th century, women in England and the United States ___11___ (not allow) to vote. In protest, many women went on fasts. They hoped that fasting ___12___ (bring) attention to this injustice. Mohandas Gandhi, the famous Indian leader, fasted 17 times during his life. For Gandhi, fasting was a powerful political tool. In 1943, he fasted to bring attention to his country’s need for independence. For 21 days, he went without food. Another famous faster was Cesar Chavez. In the 1960s, he fasted for three weeks. Why? His goal was ___13___ (arouse) people’s awareness of the terrible working conditions of farm workers in the United States. Fasting is also a spiritual practice in many religions. Every year during the month of Ramadan, ___14___ is a religious holiday, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. Many Hindus fast on special occasions, as do some Christians and Buddhists. Of course, not everyone fasts for political or religious reasons. Some people occasionally fast just ___15___ it makes them feel better. The American writer Mark Twain thought fasting was the best medicine for common illnesses. ___16___ he had a cold or a fever, he stopped eating completely. He said that this always made his cold or fever go away. Another American writer, Upton Sinclair, discovered ___17___ fasting brought about after years of overeating, indigestion, and headaches. His first fast last for 12 days. During this time, his headaches and stomachaches went away. Sinclair said that fasting also made him ___18___ (alert) and energetic. Despite the advantages, choosing to go___19___ food can be very dangerous. However, that doesn’t stop people from ____20____ (fast) for political, religious, or health reasons. 【答案】11. weren’t allowed 12. would bring 13. to arouse 14. which 15. because 16. Whenever 17. what 18. more alert 19. without 20 fasting 【解析】 【导语】本文体裁是说明文，文章主要介绍了人们选择禁食的原因。 【11题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：在 20 世纪初，英国和美国的女性不被允许投票。主语women与动词allow之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语in the early 20th century，要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填weren’t allowed。 【12题详解】 考查过去将来时。句意：她们希望禁食会引起对这种不公正的关注。主句hoped是一般过去时，宾语从句要用过去将来时，故填would bring。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他的目标是唤起人们对美国农场工人恶劣工作条件的认识。空白处在句子中做表语表示主语的目的，用动词不定式，故填to arouse。 【14题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：每年在斋月期间，这是一个宗教节日，穆斯林从日出到日落禁食。这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是Ramadan，在定语从句中作主语，且逗号前是非限制性定语从句，不能用that，故填which。 【15题详解】 考查连词。句意：有些人偶尔禁食只是因为这让他们感觉更好。根据下文“it makes them feel better (这让他们感觉更好)”可知前后句是因果关系，故填because。 【16题详解】 考查连词。句意：每当他感冒或发烧时，他就完全停止进食。根据空白处下文“he had a cold or a fever(他感冒或发烧)”可知，这是一个包含时间状语从句的复合句，whenever 表示“无论何时；每当”，引导时间状语从句，故填Whenever。 【17题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：另一位美国作家厄普顿·辛克莱在多年暴饮暴食、消化不良和头痛之后发现了禁食带来的影响。discovered后接宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，故填what。 【18题详解】 考查形容词的比较级。句意：辛克莱说，禁食也让他更警觉、更有活力。根据上文“His first fast last for 12 days. During this time, his headaches and stomachaches went away.(他的禁食持续了12天。在此期间，他的头疼和肚子痛消失了)”可知，此处将禁食前后进行比较，应使用形容词的比较级，故填more alert。 【19题详解】 考查介词。句意：尽管有这些好处，但选择不吃东西可能非常危险。根据上文“His first fast last for 12 days (他的禁食持续了12天)”可知此处说的是禁食，go without为固定短语，表示“没有……也行；忍受没有……”，故填without。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，这并没有阻止人们出于政治、宗教或健康原因禁食。stop sb. from doing sth为固定短语，表示“阻止某人做某事”，from是介词，后接动名词，故填fasting。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. wonder B. regular C. doubt D. physically E. breathing F. wealth G. functioning H. flexibility I. flow J. generally K. mood Sometimes it’s the simplest daily practice that can have the biggest impact on your health, and yoga is proof of that. Although most forms of yoga aren’t considered to be as intense as other workout regimens, practising yoga on a daily basis has been scientifically demonstrated to help you mentally and ___21___. Through breath work, meditation and holding poses that increase strength and ___22___the body and mind gain benefits from yoga that positively impact your long-term health. It’s no ___23___people have been practising yoga for over 5000 years, and that the number of Australians practising yoga doubled between 2008 and 2017 to over two million, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Yoga teacher, Jenni Tarmar, shares, “we have a ___24___of research demonstrating that a regular mindfulness practice - the act of paying attention to the sensation in the body, thoughts and emotions without judgment - can reduce stress and help us to feel calmer, more productive, and ____25____more even-keeled in our daily lives.” After evaluating yoga history and research, one 2014 review published in Frontiers in Human Neouroscience concluded that ___26___yoga practice can help facilitate self-regulation. Another study of adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 found that practising yoga positively benefited emotional regulation and self-esteem. “Movement releases beneficial neurotransmitters (神经转发器) in the brain, which helps us feel good as well as assist in ___27___regulation,” says yoga instructor, Evan Lawrence. “One of the things that I like about yoga specifically is that there is, at the same time, a focus on physical movement and ___28___.” According to associate professor of psychiatry, Dr Gail Saltz, “practising yoga improves overall blood ___29___to the body, including the brain, which is helpful for cognition and memory.” One 2019 review published in Brain Plasticity concluded that behavioural interventions like yoga can help “mitigate age-related and neurodegenerative decline” due to the positive effects a daily practice has on different parts of the ___30___brain, like the hippocampus (which plays a major role in learning and memory) and the prefrontal cortex (cognitive control functions). 【答案】21. D 22. H 23. A 24. F 25. J 26. B 27. K 28. E 29. I 30. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过引用科学研究、专家观点和统计数据来说明瑜伽对身心健康的积极影响，解释瑜伽如何帮助人们进行自我调节、改善情绪和认知功能，并强调了瑜伽作为一种日常实践的重要性。 【21题详解】 考查副词。句意：虽然大多数形式的瑜伽不像其他锻炼方案那样剧烈，但科学证明，每天练习瑜伽对你的身心都有帮助。根据前文的“mentally and”可知，空处应和前文的mentally并列，应是D项physically“身体上”符合语境，构成固定搭配：mentally and physically意为“精神上和身体上”。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：通过呼吸练习，冥想和保持姿势，增加身体和心灵的力量和灵活性，从瑜伽中获益，对你的长期健康有积极的影响。空处和前文的strength并列，所以空处应填名词，此处应是flexibility意为“灵活性”符合语境。故选H项。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：难怪人们练习瑜伽已经超过5000年了，根据澳大利亚统计局的数据，澳大利亚练习瑜伽的人数在2008年至2017年间翻了一番，超过200万人。根据前文“the body and mind gain benefits from yoga that positively impact your long-term health.”可知，空处应是wonder意为“惊奇”，构成固定搭配：it is no wonder意为“难怪”符合语境。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：瑜伽老师Jenni Tarmar分享说：“我们有大量的研究表明，定期的正念练习——不加评判地关注身体的感觉、思想和情绪——可以减轻压力，帮助我们在日常生活中感到更平静、更有效率、更平稳。”空前是不定冠词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，此处应是wealth意为“大量”，构成固定搭配：a wealth of意为“大量的”符合语境。故选F项。 【25题详解】 考查副词。句意：瑜伽老师珍妮·塔尔玛 (Jenni Tarmar) 分享道：“我们有大量的研究表明，经常进行正念练习——即不加评判地关注身体的感觉、思想和情感——可以减轻压力，帮助我们在日常生活中感觉更加平静、更有效率，而且通常更加稳定。”空处修饰空后的形容词，应该用副词修饰，根据句意，应是generally意为“通常”符合语境。故选J项。 26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在评估了瑜伽的历史和研究之后，2014年发表在《人类神经科学前沿》(Frontiers in Human neuroscience)上的一篇综述得出结论，定期练习瑜伽有助于促进自我调节。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是regular意为“定期的”符合语境。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：瑜伽教练埃文·劳伦斯说：“运动在大脑中释放有益的神经递质，这有助于我们感觉良好，并有助于调节情绪。”空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是mood，和regulation构成固定搭配：mood regulation意为“情绪调节”符合语境。故选K项。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：我特别喜欢瑜伽的一个原因是，它同时注重身体运动和呼吸。根据空前的and可知，空处和前文的movement并列，所以空处应填名词作宾语，此处应是breathing，表达“同时注重身体运动和呼吸”之意。故选E项。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：精神病学副教授盖尔·萨尔茨博士表示，“练习瑜伽可以改善身体的整体血液流动，包括大脑，这对认知和记忆有帮助。”空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，此处应是flow，构成固定词组搭配：blood flow意为“血流”。故选I项。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：2019年发表在《大脑可塑性》杂志上的一篇综述得出结论，瑜伽等行为干预措施可以帮助“缓解与年龄相关的神经退行性衰退”，因为每天的练习对大脑功能的不同部位有积极影响，比如海马体(在学习和记忆中起主要作用)和前额皮质(认知控制功能)。此处修饰名词brain，应用名词functioning“功能”，作定语。故选G项。 Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Why do some people live to be longer than others? You know the standard ____31____: keeping a moderate diet, encouraging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities ____32____ longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question ____33____ the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be a least 100. The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more ____34____ and less neurotic(神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a(an) ____35____ life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough ____36____ to make it through tough times. Interestingly, ____37____, other characteristics that you might consider advantages had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, ____38____, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being ____39____ to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways. Whether you can successfully change your ____40____ as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should ____41____ to be as outgoing as possible. Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help ____42____ your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids ____43____ diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger. Personality isn’t destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health. Therefore, it might be ____44____ to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours, stress reduction and ____45____ to the challenging problems. 31. A. statements B. definitions C. applications D. explanations 32. A. result from B. lead to C. rely on D. consist of 33. A. assessing B. interviewing C. examining D. diagnosing 34. A. active B. extensive C. persuasive D. sensitive 35. A. agreeable B. normal C. changeable D. formal 36. A. resources B. associations C. procedures D. interactions 37. A. therefore B. however C. furthermore D. otherwise 38. A. in other words B. as usual C. in addition D. for instance 39. A. resistant B. open C. bind D. alert 40. A. perspective B. ambition C. personality D. philosophy 41. A. reject B. strive C. claim D. oppose 42. A. extend B. restrict C. shorten D. determine 43. A. unhealthy B. nutritious C. adequate D. moderate 44. A. predictable B. advisable C. sustainable D. enjoyable 45. A. temptation B. introduction C. adaptation D. objection 【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B 36. A 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. C 41. B 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明，寿命最长的人比其他人更外向、更活跃、更少神经质。长寿的女性也比正常寿命的女性更有同情心和合作精神。解释了自身性格以及母亲的性格对人的寿命的影响。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你知道标准的解释：保持适度的饮食，鼓励有规律的锻炼，等等。A. statements声明；B. definitions定义；C. applications应用；D. explanations解释。根据后文“keeping a moderate diet, encouraging in regular exercise, etc”可知保持适度的饮食，鼓励有规律的锻炼可以解释为什么有些人比其他人活得长。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：某些个性会带来更长的寿命吗？A. result from由于；B. lead to导致；C. rely on依赖；D. consist of由……组成。根据后文“longer lives”可知此处指某些个性会不会导致人的寿命更长。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：《美国老年医学会杂志》上的一项新研究研究了这个问题，研究了至少活到100岁的人的246名子女的性格特征。A. assessing评价；B. interviewing采访；C. examining研究，检查；D. diagnosing诊断。根据后文“the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be a least 100”指研究至少活到100岁的人的246名子女的性格特征。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，寿命最长的人比其他人更外向、更活跃、更少神经质。A. active活跃的；B. extensive巨大的；C. persuasive有说服力的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据上文“those living the longest are more outgoing, more”可知长寿的人具有的是一些积极的性格，即更外向、更活跃、更少神经质。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：长寿的女性也比正常寿命的女性更有同情心和合作精神。A. agreeable愉悦的；B. normal正常的；C. changeable变化的；D. formal正式的。结合上文“Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with”可知此处是在把长寿的女性与正常寿命的女性进行比较。故选B。 【36题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些发现与你从进化理论中所期望的是一致的：那些喜欢交朋友和帮助别人的人可以收集到足够的资源来度过困难时期。A. resources资源；B. associations协会；C. procedures程序；D. interactions互动。结合后文“to make it through tough times”可知要度过困难时期应该是要收集足够的资源。故选A。 【37题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有趣的是，其他你可能认为是优势的特征对研究参与者是否可能更长寿没有影响。A. therefore因此；B. however然而；C. furthermore此外；D. otherwise否则。根据前后文可知此处表转折，应用however。故选B。 【38题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，那些更自律的人并不太可能活到很老。A. in other words换句话说；B. as usual和往常一样；C. in addition此外；D. for instance例如。此处是在针对上文提到“其他你可能认为是优势的特征对研究参与者是否可能更长寿没有影响”这一观点进行举例。故选D。 【39题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另外，对新思想的开放与长寿没有关系，这可能解释了所有那些脾气不好、固步自封的老人们。A. resistant抵制的；B. open开放的；C. bind捆绑；D. alert警惕的。根据后文“which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways”可知脾气不好、固步自封的人活到了老年，说明了对新思想的开放与长寿没有关系，故选B。 【40题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个成年人，你是否能成功地改变自己的性格，这是一个长期存在的心理学争论的主题。A. perspective观点；B. ambition抱负；C. personality个性；D. philosophy哲学。呼应上文“the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be a least 100”即研究主要是针对性格对寿命的影响，所以此处指改变性格。故选C。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这篇新发表的论文建议，如果你想长寿，你应该努力尽可能地外向。A. reject拒绝；B. strive努力；C. claim声称；D. oppose反对。根据上文“those living the longest are more outgoing”可知如果你想长寿，你应该努力尽可能地外向。故选B。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，最近的另一项研究表明，你母亲的性格也可能有助于决定你的寿命。A. extend延伸；B. restrict限制；C. shorten缩短；D. determine决定。根据后文“Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.”可知，当我们成年后，童年的饮食模式很难改变，这可能意味着抑郁的母亲的孩子最终会早逝，所以母亲的性格也可能有助于决定你的寿命。故选D。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该研究调查了近2.8万名挪威母亲，发现那些更焦虑、抑郁和愤怒的母亲更有可能给孩子吃不健康的饮食。A. unhealthy不健康的；B. nutritious有营养的；C. adequate足够的；D. moderate普通的。根据后文“kids of depressed moms end up dying younger”可知那些更焦虑、抑郁和愤怒的母亲更有可能给孩子吃不健康的饮食，导致孩子成年后难以改变饮食模式，最终会早逝。故选A。 【44题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，通过与健康有关的行为、减少压力和适应挑战性的问题，形成有助于长寿的性格特征可能是明智的。A. predictable可预测的；B. advisable明智的；C. sustainable可持续的；D. enjoyable令人愉快的。根据后文“through health-related behaviours, stress reduction”可知通过与健康有关的行为、减少压力来形成有助于长寿的性格特征是明智的做法。故选B。 【45题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，通过与健康有关的行为、减少压力和适应挑战性的问题，形成有助于长寿的性格特征可能是明智的。A. temptation诱惑；B. introduction介绍；C. adaptation适应，改编；D. objection反对。根据后文“to the challenging problems”指适应挑战性问题，应用adaptation。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Robots and humans will soon be living in harmony(和睦).A singing robot is being taught to create jazz with a human in a project. Antonio Chella from Italy is working with a Telenoid robot. To start with, the Telenoid will be trained to follow the movements and simple sounds made by a human singer, and to connect music with different emotional states. Chella then plans to see if the robot can use these connections to create music. Intelligence is often regarded as the ability to find connections between the existing things. But Chella suggests that a conscious(有意识的) creature should be able to go a step further and introduce new connections that result in the creation of something new. Some jazz musicians say that they should have a mental library of musical phrases so that they are able to combine them in new ways. More importantly, however, this combination happens in a state that is similar in a sense to dreaming. Chella wants to copy these states in a machine. “This work raises interesting questions about the link between consciousness and music making,” says Philippe Pasquier, a musician and computer scientist. But he is skeptical about whether a robot musician needs a physical body. Pasquier argues that the robots are faced with two challenges(挑战). Software that can copy Bach has already been developed. But interpretation（演绎）includes human’s different tastes and judgments. “What made the Beatles famous was not so much their works, but the fact that the interpretations of the works were wonderful,” he says. It is not yet clear how a robot would go about interpreting music in a new way. But by copying humans and then learning to sing, Chella’s robot could provide clues. What seems to be important is that human composers often listen to lots of music made by others. So Chella’s robot had better listen to those jazz standards first. 46. Which of the following is the robot’s first step before it tries to create jazz? A. Living with human beings in harmony. B. Connecting actions with human’s emotions. C. Copying a human singer’s movements and sounds. D Learning to communicate with human beings freely. 47. The underlined word “skeptical” in Paragraph 5 could be replaced by . A. doubtful. B. worried. C. certain. D. concerned. 48. What can we know about the robots like Telenoid from the text? A. They are household robots. B. They can talk with researchers. C. They are faced with two challenges. D. They will become human singers. 49. What can be concluded from the text? A. Chella’s robot needs a physical body to make music. B. How to interpret jazz is a piece of cake for Chella’s robot. C. A new kind of software should be developed to copy Bach. D. Chella’s robot should listen to much jazz to create something new. 【答案】46. C 47. A 48. C 49. D 【解析】 【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了机器人和人类将生活和谐，目前正在创造音乐机器人． 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段To start with，the Telenoid will be trained to follow the movements and simple sounds made by a human singer，and to connect music with different emotional states可知机器人在创造爵士乐之前的第一步是模仿人类歌手的动作和声音。故选C。 【47题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章But he is skeptical about whether a robot musician needs a physical body中的but和whether可知但他怀疑一个机器人音乐家是否需要身体。故选A。 【48题详解】 细节理解题．根据文章Pasquier argues that the robots are faced with two challenges可知机器人面临两个挑战。故选C。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段What seems to be important is that human composers often listen to lots of music made by others．So Chella；s robot had better listen to those jazz standards first可知Chella的机器人应该多听爵士乐来创造新的东西。故选D。 【点睛】做推理判断题时，要求考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。本题第4小题，根据最后一段What seems to be important is that human composers often listen to lots of music made by others．So Chella；s robot had better listen to those jazz standards first可知Chella的机器人应该多听爵士乐来创造新的东西。故选D。 （B） Is an electric vehicle right for you? Many people will ask themselves that question for the first time this year. Prices are falling, battery range is rising and mainstream brands are adding new EVs at a breakneck pace. Here are three things anybody seriously considering buying an EV should know: 1. The price to install a 240v charger Anybody who owns an electric vehicle needs a 240-volt charger at home. With one, you can recharge overnight, so you start every day with the equivalent of a full tank. Just a few years ago, home 240v EV chargers cost $2,500-$3,000, including installation, but prices have declined as competition grows with the number of EVs on the road. 2. The time it takes to charge About 80% of miles driven in EVs are powered by electricity charged at home, but you’ll need to charge elsewhere occasionally. That’s when charging time becomes a big deal, but how long it takes depends on a couple of factors. First, voltage from the charger. Getting 250 miles of range in seven hours from a 240v charger is fine when you’re charging overnight at home, but it’s a deal breaker if you’re going 300 miles for a weekend getaway. In that case, you’ll want to look for a 400v DC fast charger. They’re not as common as 240v public chargers yet, but they’re becoming more widespread. There’s another factor: the on-board charger. It regulates how fast the battery can accept electricity. A vehicle with a higher-capacity on-board charger accepts electricity faster. 3. Where to charge Good route-planning apps will help you find chargers on a road trip. “Most people have no idea how many public charging stations are within, say, a 10-or 15-mile radius(半径) because they’re small, people don’t look for them or even don’t know what to look for, and they’re rarely signposted,” said journalist John Voelcker, who has studied EVs and charging exhaustively. 4. On the horizon If an EV doesn’t meet your needs now, watch this space. They’re coming closer, but large numbers of gasoline vehicles will remain in production for years. Beyond that, companies will keep making spare parts for oil-burners for decades. 50. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. The price of installing a home EV charger has remained stable in the past few years. B. It’s quite easy to identify the public charging stations with the help of striking signposts. C. Popular brands are introducing new EVs at an incredibly fast rate. D. An electric vehicle can’t provide the same amount of energy as a completely filled fuel tank. 51. The underlined phrase “watch this space” in the last paragraph probably means “________”. A. give up the plan to purchase an EV B. make space for an EV C. find an alternative to EV D. keep an eye out for future developments 52. This passage is mainly intended to ________. A. illustrate the factors charging time depends on B. offer advice on purchasing an electric vehicle C. look forward to the future of electric vehicles D. explain the reason for the falling prices of electric vehicles 【答案】50. C 51. D 52. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。旨在为读者提供购买电动汽车前需要了解的三个重要知识点。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Many people will ask themselves that question for the first time this year. Prices are falling, battery range is rising and mainstream brands are adding new EVs at a breakneck pace.(今年，很多人会第一次问自己这个问题。价格在下降，电池续航里程在增加，主流品牌正在以惊人的速度增加新的电动汽车)”可知，热门品牌正以令人难以置信的速度推出新的电动汽车。故选C项。 【51题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文“If an EV doesn’t meet your needs now(如果电动汽车现在还不能满足你的需求)”以及后文“They’re coming closer, but large numbers of gasoline vehicles will remain in production for years.(他们离目标越来越近了，但大量的汽油车仍将持续生产多年)”可知，电车离目标越来越近了，所以如果电动汽车现在还不能满足你的需求，就持续关注它的未来，直到达到目标，推知watch this space意为“关注未来的发展”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 【52题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Here are three things anybody seriously considering buying an EV should know:(任何认真考虑购买电动汽车的人都应该知道以下三点)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了购买电动汽车前需要了解的三个重要知识点，也就是提供购买电动汽车的建议。故选B项。 （C） Many people believe it’s possible to become immune to colds. Unfortunately, Dr. Ranit Mishori, of Georgetown University Hospital, says, that’s not the case. “There are about 200 different viruses that cause the common cold and people think that once you get infected one time you develop immunity for the rest of your life. This is wrong,” she said. There are many other common beliefs about colds that medical science does not support. How many of us believe the main cause of the common cold is exposure to cold temperatures? Even some studies have shown that people get sick more frequently during the winter. But Dr. Mishori says it is not because of the cold weather. “It’s because people tend to congregate and be together and the way the common cold virus is transmitted from one person to another is through handshake, through sneezing, or through coughing on one another.” While there is no actual cure for the common cold, Dr. Mishori says there are still a few things you can do to help reduce its duration and intensity. Though the medical community says Vitamin C does not help prevent colds, there is definitely some proof that it helps keep them from being as bad. In addition, medical science says honey and chicken soup are effective against colds. Especially honey. “Chicken soup has anti-inflammatory properties so it helps reduce the duration of the cold but it also helps clear the mucus”, Dr. Mishori said. There’s also a common belief that you should“feed a cold and starve a fever.” Dr Mishori say“not necessarily.”“If you do have a cold and you don’t feel like eating anything it's not going to hurt you but you have to drink a lot and you can drink water or tea anything that gets fluids into your body,” she said. “That’s very important.” There are many other myths about colds that do not pass scientific muster. Doctors say the best advice is to continue using whatever works best for you. Even if it doesn't make the cold better, it won’t make it worse either-while you wait for the cold to just run its natural course. 53. Medical experts find that people catch cold because ______. A. they fail to develop immunity B. they stay in cold weather C. they transmit the virus themselves D. they like to gather together 54. According to the common belief “feed a cold and starve a fever”, people ______ when catching cold. A. drink a lot to get fluids into their body B. have as much water and tea as possible C. eat a lot even if they don’t feel like eating D. starve themselves to a certain extent to kill the virus 55. In the last paragraph, the sentence“There are many other myths about colds that do not pass scientific muster” means that many other myths regarding colds ______. A. are not related to science B. are not convincing enough C. do not draw scientific conclusions D. are rejected by the public with a common sense 56. What is the passage mainly about? A. Ways to reduce duration and intensity of cold. B. Scientific discoveries on the basis of myths. C. Effects of different food on overcoming cold. D. The old myths and new facts concerning cold. 【答案】53. C 54. C 55. A 56. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些关于感冒的常见错误观点以及科学的医学解释。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s because people tend to congregate and be together and the way the common cold virus is transmitted from one person to another is through handshake, through sneezing, or through coughing on one another.(这是因为人们倾向于聚集在一起，普通感冒病毒从一个人传播到另一个人的方式是通过握手、打喷嚏或彼此咳嗽。)”可知，医学专家发现人们感冒是因为他们自己传播病毒。故选C。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“There’s also a common belief that you should‘feed a cold and starve a fever.’ Dr Mishori say‘not necessarily.’‘If you do have a cold and you don’t feel like eating anything it's not going to hurt you but you have to drink a lot and you can drink water or tea anything that gets fluids into your body,’ she said. ‘That’s very important.’(还有一种普遍的说法是‘感冒宜吃，发烧宜饿’。Mishori博士说，‘不一定’。她说：‘如果你真的感冒了，你不想吃任何东西，这不会伤害你，但你必须喝很多水，你可以喝水或茶，任何让液体进入你的身体的东西。这是非常重要的。’)”可推知，根据“感冒宜吃，发烧宜饿”的普遍观念，人们即使感冒时不想吃，也应该多吃。故选C。 【55题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Doctors say the best advice is to continue using whatever works best for you. Even if it doesn’t make the cold better, it won’t make it worse either-while you wait for the cold to just run its natural course.(医生说，最好的建议是继续使用对你最有效的药物。即使它不能使感冒好转，也不会使它更糟——在你等待感冒自然发展的过程中)”可知推知，“There are many other myths about cold that not pass scientific gather”这句话的意思是，关于感冒的许多其他神话并不被科学接受，所以最好的建议是继续使用对你最有效的药物。故选A。 【56题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“There are many other common beliefs about colds that medical science does not support. How many of us believe the main cause of the common cold is exposure to cold temperatures?(还有许多其他关于感冒的常见信念，医学科学并不支持。我们中有多少人认为普通感冒的主要原因是暴露在低温下？)”并结合文章主要说明了一些关于感冒的常见错误观点以及科学的医学解释可知，这篇文章主要讲的是关于感冒的旧神话和新事实。故选D。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How to Live a Happy Life Happiness is what we need most with the increase of pressure in modern life. However, sometimes it seems far away from us. Fortunately, this is not the case. Everyone has the ability. to hang on to happiness with his own efforts. The following methods may lead you to long- lasting happiness. ·Take exercise. Other than health benefits that are too numerous to mention, exercise makes you smarter, happier, improves sleep, and makes you feel better about your body. ___57___ Keeping in touch with nature can help you reduce stress, make you more creative, improve your memory and may even make you a better person. · ___58___ Relationships are worth more than you think. Not feeling socially connected can make you stupider and kill you. Loneliness can lead to heart attack, stroke (中风) and diabetes (肥胖症) . On the other hand, studies have shown that the longest lived people on the planet all place a strong cmphas is on social engagement. ·Challenge yourself. ___59___ Music lessons increase intelligence. Challenging your beliefs strengthens your mind. Increasing willpower just takes a little effort each day and it's more responsible for your success than IQ. Not getting an education or taking advantage of opportunities are two of the things people look back on their lives and regret the most. ·Laugh. Laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and the feet. It can even reduce the effect of pain on the body. Humor is a good way to cause laughter. ___60___ A. Life is always full of hope. B. Do something kind for the people you care about. C. Learning another language can keep your mind sharp. D. It would be better if you take exercise in nature. E. Spend time with friends and family. F. Just thinking about funny moments or things can help a lot. 【答案】57. D 58. E 59. C 60. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者就如何快乐的生活，提供了一些实用的方法。 【57题详解】 根据下文“Keeping in touch with nature can help you reduce stress, make you more creative, improve your memory and may even make you a better person. (与大自然接触可以帮助你减轻压力，使你更有创造力，提高你的记忆力，甚至可能使你成为一个更健康的人。)”可知，设空处要说明人应该在大自然中锻炼会更好， 然后紧接着说在大自然中锻炼对人产生的积极影响。故D选项It would be better if you take exercise in nature.(如果你在大自然中锻炼会更好)，符合句意，其中exercise与上文对应。故选D项。 【58题详解】 此处是本段小标题，根据本段“Relationships are worth more than you think. Not feeling socially connected can make you stupider and kill you. Loneliness can lead to heart attack, stroke (中风) and diabetes (肥胖症) . On the other hand, studies have shown that the longest lived people on the planet all place a strong cmphas is on social engagement.(关系比你想象的更有价值。没有社交联系会让你变得更愚蠢，甚至致命。孤独会导致心脏病发作、中风和糖尿病。另一方面，研究表明，地球上寿命最长的人都非常重视社会参与。)”可知，本段主要在讨论和朋友、家人在一起的重要性，也就是设空处所要说的内容。故E选项Spend time with friends and family.(花时间与朋友和家人在一起)符合句意。故选E项。 【59题详解】 根据本文标题Challenge Yourself.(挑战自己)，再根据下文“Music lessons increase intelligence. Challenging your beliefs strengthens your mind. (音乐课程增加智慧。挑战你的信念会增强你的心智。)”可知，此处以上音乐课为例说明要挑战自己，挑战自己能给自己带来好处，C项Learning another language can keep your mind sharp.(学习另一种语言能让你思维敏捷。)符合语境，因为这也是挑战自己的一种方式。故选C项。 【60题详解】 根据上文“Humor is a good way to cause laughter.(幽默是引起笑声的一种好方式。)”可知，设空处与上一句为并列关系，所以F选项Just thinking about funny moments or things can help a lot.(想想有趣的时刻或事情也会引起笑声)，符合句意，其中funny moments和上文 laughter对应。故选F项。 Ⅲ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 61. 为了健康，爷爷坚持早起参与日常活动，比如打扫房间和倒垃圾。(routine) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】For the sake of his health, Grandpa insists on waking up early to participate in daily routines, such as cleaning the house and taking out the trash. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语、动词短语、名词和非谓语动词。句子应该是介绍通常的情况，时态宜用一般现在时；“为了”可用介词短语for the sake of，“（他的）健康”可用名词短语his health，主语“爷爷”可用名词Grandpa，谓语“坚持做某事”可用动词短语insist on doing sth.，insist需用第三人称单数形式，“早起”可用动词短语wake up early，“参与日常活动”是“早起”的目的，应用不定式形式，“参与”可用动词短语participate in，“日常活动”可用名词短语daily routines，“比如”可用介词短语such as，后接动名词形式，“打扫房间”可用动词短语clean the house，“和”用连词and，“倒垃圾”可用动词短语take out the trash。故可译为：For the sake of his health, Grandpa insists on waking up early to participate in daily routines, such as cleaning the house and taking out the trash. 62. 随着网络的应用，持续了解全校师生发展的最新动态变得越来越便利。（track）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With the application of the Internet, it is becoming more and more convenient to constantly/persistently/continuously keep track of/track the latest updates of all the teachers and students in the school. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语、句型、时态、动词短语。“随着网络的应用”表达为介词短语with the application of the Internet，作状语；“持续了解全校师生发展的最新动态变得越来越便利”表达为句型it is+形容词+to do sth，it为形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语；“变得越来越便利”表达为现在进行时is becoming more and more convenient；“持续”表达为副词constantly/persistently/continuously，修饰动词“了解全校师生发展的最新动态”，作状语；“了解”表达为动词短语keep track of或动词track，后接宾语“全校师生发展的最新动态”，表达为the latest updates of all the teachers and students in the school。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为With the application of the Internet, it is becoming more and more convenient to constantly/persistently/continuously keep track of/track the latest updates of all the teachers and students in the school. 63. 不必担心考试结果，因为你已经努力拼搏、保持动力、并竭尽所能去实现目标了。（need n.）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is no need to worry about the exam results, for you have worked hard, stayed motivated, and done your best to achieve the goals. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、名词和固定句型。根据中文提示可知，表示“不必做某事”应用there is no need to do sh，为固定搭配。时态用一般现在时表客观情况；表示“担心考试结果”应用worry about the exam results，为不定式作后置定语；表示“因为”可用for，表示“你已经努力拼搏”应用you have worked hard，时态为现在完成时，强调对现在的影响；表示“保持动力”应用stayed motivated，为系表结构；表示“并竭尽所能去实现目标了”应用do your best to achieve the goals，这里done与前面stayed和worked为并列谓语，时态保持一致都用现在完成时。故翻译为There is no need to worry about the exam results, for you have worked hard, stayed motivated, and done your best to achieve the goals. 64. 为了和顾客建立相互信任的关系，公司应该提供更好的服务，所以经理鼓励员工耐心回应顾客的投诉。(suppose) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】For building mutual trust with customers, the company is supposed to provide better services, so the manager motivates staff to address customers’ complaints with patience. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语、形容词、名词和非谓语动词。句子应该是描述通常的情况，时态宜用一般现在时；“为了”可用介词for，“和……建立……”可用动词短语build… with…，build需用动名词形式，“相互信任（的关系）”可用名词短语mutual trust，“顾客”可用名词customers；主语“公司”可用名词the company，“应该做某事”可用短语be supposed to do，be动词用is，“提供更好的服务”可用动词短语provide better services；“所以”可用连词so，主语“经理”可用名词the manager，“鼓励某人做某事”可用动词短语motivate sb. to do sth.，motivate需用第三人称单数形式，“员工”可用名词staff，“回应顾客的投诉”可用动词短语address customers’ complaints，“耐心（地）”可用短语with patience。故可译为：For building mutual trust with customers, the company is supposed to provide better services, so the manager motivates staff to address customers’ complaints with patience. Ⅳ. Guided Writing 65. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，你校英语报正在举行征文比赛，主题为“The change that I expect AI to bring about”，写一篇文章参赛，内容须包括： (1)你最期待AI会带来的变化； (2)你期待这一变化的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Change That I Expect AI to Bring About As a senior high school student, I’m highly interested in the potential of AI. The change that I most expect AI to bring about is in the field of education. I hope AI can provide personalized learning experiences for every student. In traditional classrooms, teachers have to teach a large group of students with different learning paces and styles. However, AI can analyze students’ learning data, such as their strengths, weaknesses, and learning speeds. Then it can customize study plans and materials for each individual. The reason for my expectation is that personalized learning can greatly improve learning efficiency. Students can focus more on the areas where they need improvement, and they won’t waste time on things they already know well. Moreover, it can also increase students’ enthusiasm for learning as they are more likely to achieve better results with a more suitable learning method. In this way, AI can help every student reach their full potential in education. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于征文类作文。要求考生以高二学生李明的身份，围绕“The change that I expect AI to bring about”这一主题进行写作，需包含最期待 AI 带来的变化以及期待这一变化的理由。 详解】1. 词汇积累 希望：hope → wish 提供：provide → offer 然而：however → nevertheless 提高：improve → enhance 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：However, AI can analyze students’ learning data, such as their strengths, weaknesses, and learning speeds. 拓展句：However, AI, which has powerful computing capabilities, can analyze students’ learning data, such as their strengths, weaknesses, and learning speeds. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The change that I most expect AI to bring about is in the field of education. (运用了关系代词that引导限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] The reason for my expectation is that personalized learning can greatly improve learning efficiency.(运用了连词that引导表语从句) [高分句型3] Moreover, it can also increase students’ enthusiasm for learning as they are more likely to achieve better results with a more suitable learning method. (运用了从属连词as引导原因状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 上海市曹杨中学2024学年第二学期 高一英语期末试卷 总分：115分；考试时间：105分钟； Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. It is hard for me to recall the day ______ we lived in Canada. A. that B. which C. when D. as 2. More than a dozen students in that school ________ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent 3. ________you want me to fire you, I suggest you stop wearing sports clothes at office. A. If B. Since C. Unless D. Until 4. You’d better take something to read when you go to see a doctor __________ you have to wait. A. as if B. even if C. so that D. in case 5. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He is always working hard, so he makes progress all the time. A. to learn B. learn C. learned D. learning 6. ________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What 7. You can’t imagine the difficulty the single mother had_____________ her three children. A. to bring up B. bringing up C. bring up D. brought up 8. Hopefully in 2030 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we ________ communication tools by then. A. have developed B. had developed C will have developed D. developed 9. When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians_____________ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly. A. wearing B. to wear C. worn D. having worn 10. You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of ______ you think your real interests lie. A. where B. what C. that D. how Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why would someone decide to stop eating? We know that the body needs food in order to function well. However, many people fast at some time during their lives. Why is this? Some people fast for political reasons. In the early 20th century women in England and the United States ___11___ (not allow) to vote. In protest, many women went on fasts. They hoped that fasting ___12___ (bring) attention to this injustice. Mohandas Gandhi, the famous Indian leader, fasted 17 times during his life. For Gandhi, fasting was a powerful political tool. In 1943, he fasted to bring attention to his country’s need for independence. For 21 days, he went without food. Another famous faster was Cesar Chavez. In the 1960s, he fasted for three weeks. Why? His goal was ___13___ (arouse) people’s awareness of the terrible working conditions of farm workers in the United States. Fasting is also a spiritual practice in many religions. Every year during the month of Ramadan, ___14___ is a religious holiday, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. Many Hindus fast on special occasions, as do some Christians and Buddhists. Of course, not everyone fasts for political or religious reasons. Some people occasionally fast just ___15___ it makes them feel better. The American writer Mark Twain thought fasting was the best medicine for common illnesses. ___16___ he had a cold or a fever, he stopped eating completely. He said that this always made his cold or fever go away. Another American writer, Upton Sinclair, discovered ___17___ fasting brought about after years of overeating, indigestion, and headaches. His first fast last for 12 days. During this time, his headaches and stomachaches went away. Sinclair said that fasting also made him ___18___ (alert) and energetic. Despite the advantages, choosing to go___19___ food can be very dangerous. However, that doesn’t stop people from ____20____ (fast) for political, religious, or health reasons. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. wonder B. regular C. doubt D. physically E. breathing F. wealth G. functioning H. flexibility I. flow J. generally K. mood Sometimes it’s the simplest daily practice that can have the biggest impact on your health, and yoga is proof of that. Although most forms of yoga aren’t considered to be as intense as other workout regimens, practising yoga on a daily basis has been scientifically demonstrated to help you mentally and ___21___. Through breath work, meditation and holding poses that increase strength and ___22___the body and mind gain benefits from yoga that positively impact your long-term health. It’s no ___23___people have been practising yoga for over 5000 years, and that the number of Australians practising yoga doubled between 2008 and 2017 to over two million, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Yoga teacher, Jenni Tarmar, shares, “we have a ___24___of research demonstrating that a regular mindfulness practice - the act of paying attention to the sensation in the body, thoughts and emotions without judgment - can reduce stress and help us to feel calmer, more productive, and ____25____more even-keeled in our daily lives.” After evaluating yoga history and research, one 2014 review published in Frontiers in Human Neouroscience concluded that ___26___yoga practice can help facilitate self-regulation. Another study of adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 found that practising yoga positively benefited emotional regulation and self-esteem. “Movement releases beneficial neurotransmitters (神经转发器) in the brain, which helps us feel good as well as assist in ___27___regulation,” says yoga instructor, Evan Lawrence. “One of the things that I like about yoga specifically is that there is, at the same time, a focus on physical movement and ___28___.” According to associate professor of psychiatry, Dr Gail Saltz, “practising yoga improves overall blood ___29___to the body, including the brain, which is helpful for cognition and memory.” One 2019 review published in Brain Plasticity concluded that behavioural interventions like yoga can help “mitigate age-related and neurodegenerative decline” due to the positive effects a daily practice has on different parts of the ___30___brain, like the hippocampus (which plays a major role in learning and memory) and the prefrontal cortex (cognitive control functions). Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Why do some people live to be longer than others? You know the standard ____31____: keeping a moderate diet, encouraging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities ____32____ longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question ____33____ the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be a least 100. The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more ____34____ and less neurotic(神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a(an) ____35____ life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough ____36____ to make it through tough times. Interestingly, ____37____, other characteristics that you might consider advantages had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, ____38____, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being ____39____ to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways. Whether you can successfully change your ____40____ as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should ____41____ to be as outgoing as possible. Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help ____42____ your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids ____43____ diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger. Personality isn’t destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health. Therefore, it might be ____44____ to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours, stress reduction and ____45____ to the challenging problems. 31. A. statements B. definitions C. applications D. explanations 32. A. result from B. lead to C. rely on D. consist of 33. A. assessing B. interviewing C. examining D. diagnosing 34. A. active B. extensive C. persuasive D. sensitive 35. A. agreeable B. normal C. changeable D. formal 36. A. resources B. associations C. procedures D. interactions 37. A. therefore B. however C. furthermore D. otherwise 38. A. in other words B. as usual C. in addition D. for instance 39. A. resistant B. open C. bind D. alert 40. A. perspective B. ambition C. personality D. philosophy 41. A. reject B. strive C. claim D. oppose 42. A. extend B. restrict C. shorten D. determine 43. A. unhealthy B. nutritious C. adequate D. moderate 44. A. predictable B. advisable C. sustainable D. enjoyable 45. A. temptation B. introduction C. adaptation D. objection Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Robots and humans will soon be living in harmony(和睦).A singing robot is being taught to create jazz with a human in a project. Antonio Chella from Italy is working with a Telenoid robot. To start with, the Telenoid will be trained to follow the movements and simple sounds made by a human singer, and to connect music with different emotional states. Chella then plans to see if the robot can use these connections to create music. Intelligence is often regarded as the ability to find connections between the existing things. But Chella suggests that a conscious(有意识的) creature should be able to go a step further and introduce new connections that result in the creation of something new. Some jazz musicians say that they should have a mental library of musical phrases so that they are able to combine them in new ways. More importantly, however, this combination happens in a state that is similar in a sense to dreaming. Chella wants to copy these states in a machine. “This work raises interesting questions about the link between consciousness and music making,” says Philippe Pasquier, a musician and computer scientist. But he is skeptical about whether a robot musician needs a physical body. Pasquier argues that the robots are faced with two challenges(挑战). Software that can copy Bach has already been developed. But interpretation（演绎）includes human’s different tastes and judgments. “What made the Beatles famous was not so much their works, but the fact that the interpretations of the works were wonderful,” he says. It is not yet clear how a robot would go about interpreting music in a new way. But by copying humans and then learning to sing, Chella’s robot could provide clues. What seems to be important is that human composers often listen to lots of music made by others. So Chella’s robot had better listen to those jazz standards first. 46. Which of the following is the robot’s first step before it tries to create jazz? A. Living with human beings in harmony. B. Connecting actions with human’s emotions. C. Copying a human singer’s movements and sounds. D. Learning to communicate with human beings freely. 47. The underlined word “skeptical” in Paragraph 5 could be replaced by . A. doubtful. B. worried. C. certain. D. concerned. 48. What can we know about the robots like Telenoid from the text? A. They are household robots. B. They can talk with researchers. C. They are faced with two challenges. D. They will become human singers. 49. What can be concluded from the text? A. Chella’s robot needs a physical body to make music. B. How to interpret jazz is a piece of cake for Chella’s robot. C. A new kind of software should be developed to copy Bach. D. Chella’s robot should listen to much jazz to create something new. （B） Is an electric vehicle right for you? Many people will ask themselves that question for the first time this year. Prices are falling, battery range is rising and mainstream brands are adding new EVs at a breakneck pace. Here are three things anybody seriously considering buying an EV should know: 1. The price to install a 240v charger Anybody who owns an electric vehicle needs a 240-volt charger at home. With one, you can recharge overnight, so you start every day with the equivalent of a full tank. Just a few years ago, home 240v EV chargers cost $2,500-$3,000, including installation, but prices have declined as competition grows with the number of EVs on the road. 2 The time it takes to charge About 80% of miles driven in EVs are powered by electricity charged at home, but you’ll need to charge elsewhere occasionally. That’s when charging time becomes a big deal, but how long it takes depends on a couple of factors. First, voltage from the charger. Getting 250 miles of range in seven hours from a 240v charger is fine when you’re charging overnight at home, but it’s a deal breaker if you’re going 300 miles for a weekend getaway. In that case, you’ll want to look for a 400v DC fast charger. They’re not as common as 240v public chargers yet, but they’re becoming more widespread. There’s another factor: the on-board charger. It regulates how fast the battery can accept electricity. A vehicle with a higher-capacity on-board charger accepts electricity faster. 3. Where to charge Good route-planning apps will help you find chargers on a road trip. “Most people have no idea how many public charging stations are within, say, a 10-or 15-mile radius(半径) because they’re small, people don’t look for them or even don’t know what to look for, and they’re rarely signposted,” said journalist John Voelcker, who has studied EVs and charging exhaustively. 4. On the horizon If an EV doesn’t meet your needs now, watch this space. They’re coming closer, but large numbers of gasoline vehicles will remain in production for years. Beyond that, companies will keep making spare parts for oil-burners for decades. 50. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. The price of installing a home EV charger has remained stable in the past few years. B. It’s quite easy to identify the public charging stations with the help of striking signposts. C. Popular brands are introducing new EVs at an incredibly fast rate. D. An electric vehicle can’t provide the same amount of energy as a completely filled fuel tank. 51. The underlined phrase “watch this space” in the last paragraph probably means “________”. A. give up the plan to purchase an EV B. make space for an EV C. find an alternative to EV D. keep an eye out for future developments 52. This passage is mainly intended to ________. A. illustrate the factors charging time depends on B. offer advice on purchasing an electric vehicle C. look forward to the future of electric vehicles D. explain the reason for the falling prices of electric vehicles （C） Many people believe it’s possible to become immune to colds. Unfortunately, Dr. Ranit Mishori, of Georgetown University Hospital, says, that’s not the case. “There are about 200 different viruses that cause the common cold and people think that once you get infected one time you develop immunity for the rest of your life. This is wrong,” she said. There are many other common beliefs about colds that medical science does not support. How many of us believe the main cause of the common cold is exposure to cold temperatures? Even some studies have shown that people get sick more frequently during the winter. But Dr. Mishori says it is not because of the cold weather. “It’s because people tend to congregate and be together and the way the common cold virus is transmitted from one person to another is through handshake, through sneezing, or through coughing on one another.” While there is no actual cure for the common cold, Dr. Mishori says there are still a few things you can do to help reduce its duration and intensity. Though the medical community says Vitamin C does not help prevent colds, there is definitely some proof that it helps keep them from being as bad. In addition, medical science says honey and chicken soup are effective against colds. Especially honey. “Chicken soup has anti-inflammatory properties so it helps reduce the duration of the cold but it also helps clear the mucus”, Dr. Mishori said. There’s also a common belief that you should“feed a cold and starve a fever.” Dr Mishori say“not necessarily.”“If you do have a cold and you don’t feel like eating anything it's not going to hurt you but you have to drink a lot and you can drink water or tea anything that gets fluids into your body,” she said. “That’s very important.” There are many other myths about colds that do not pass scientific muster. Doctors say the best advice is to continue using whatever works best for you. Even if it doesn't make the cold better, it won’t make it worse either-while you wait for the cold to just run its natural course. 53. Medical experts find that people catch cold because ______. A. they fail to develop immunity B. they stay in cold weather C. they transmit the virus themselves D. they like to gather together 54. According to the common belief “feed a cold and starve a fever”, people ______ when catching cold. A. drink a lot to get fluids into their body B. have as much water and tea as possible C. eat a lot even if they don’t feel like eating D. starve themselves to a certain extent to kill the virus 55. In the last paragraph, the sentence“There are many other myths about colds that do not pass scientific muster” means that many other myths regarding colds ______. A. are not related to science B. are not convincing enough C. do not draw scientific conclusions D. are rejected by the public with a common sense 56. What is the passage mainly about? A. Ways to reduce duration and intensity of cold. B. Scientific discoveries on the basis of myths. C. Effects of different food on overcoming cold. D. The old myths and new facts concerning cold. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How to Live a Happy Life Happiness is what we need most with the increase of pressure in modern life. However, sometimes it seems far away from us. Fortunately, this is not the case. Everyone has the ability. to hang on to happiness with his own efforts. The following methods may lead you to long- lasting happiness. ·Take exercise. Other than health benefits that are too numerous to mention, exercise makes you smarter, happier, improves sleep, and makes you feel better about your body. ___57___ Keeping in touch with nature can help you reduce stress, make you more creative, improve your memory and may even make you a better person. · ___58___ Relationships are worth more than you think. Not feeling socially connected can make you stupider and kill you. Loneliness can lead to heart attack stroke (中风) and diabetes (肥胖症) . On the other hand, studies have shown that the longest lived people on the planet all place a strong cmphas is on social engagement. ·Challenge yourself. ___59___ Music lessons increase intelligence. Challenging your beliefs strengthens your mind. Increasing willpower just takes a little effort each day and it's more responsible for your success than IQ. Not getting an education or taking advantage of opportunities are two of the things people look back on their lives and regret the most. ·Laugh. Laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and the feet. It can even reduce the effect of pain on the body. Humor is a good way to cause laughter. ___60___ A. Life is always full of hope. B Do something kind for the people you care about. C. Learning another language can keep your mind sharp. D. It would be better if you take exercise in nature. E. Spend time with friends and family. F. Just thinking about funny moments or things can help a lot. Ⅲ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 61. 为了健康，爷爷坚持早起参与日常活动，比如打扫房间和倒垃圾。(routine) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 62. 随着网络的应用，持续了解全校师生发展的最新动态变得越来越便利。（track）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 63. 不必担心考试结果，因为你已经努力拼搏、保持动力、并竭尽所能去实现目标了。（need n.）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 64. 为了和顾客建立相互信任的关系，公司应该提供更好的服务，所以经理鼓励员工耐心回应顾客的投诉。(suppose) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ. Guided Writing 65. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，你校英语报正在举行征文比赛，主题为“The change that I expect AI to bring about”，写一篇文章参赛，内容须包括： (1)你最期待AI会带来的变化； (2)你期待这一变化的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$