专题 S310 七选五之说明文-【弯道超车-备战毕业班】2025年 高中英语新高三 暑假自学培优提升学案（全国通用）

新高三毕业班·衔接讲义 专题 S310 七选五之说明文 暑假自习提升（全国通用） 内 容 提 要 考点速览 思维导图，把握考点框架 精讲精练 讲练结合，梳理关键考点 难点突破 突出重难点，全面提升能力 真题演练 感受真题，快速突破壁垒 一、说明文七选五核心特征 内容特征 聚焦方法步骤（如植物标本制作的 “收集 - 压制 - 标注” 流程）、科学原理（游泳对心肺功能的影响机制）、现象分析（极限运动社群文化的形成原因）等，以客观说明为核心，常通过举例、列数据等方式展开，如文档中 “国际旅行轻装打包” 主题，围绕 “规划服装 - 称重行李” 等具体步骤进行知识传递。 结构特征 多采用总分或总分总结构，首段开门见山点明主题（如 “急救知识” 首段定义基本急救），段落内主题句明确（如 “不要移动伤者” 为段落核心），逻辑链条清晰，便于通过设空位置快速定位句子功能。 语言特征 高频使用逻辑连接词（如 however 表转折、therefore 表因果），说明顺序严谨（时间顺序、因果关系），专业术语少且多配语境解释，如 “groundwater” 通过 “water under the ground” 辅助理解。 二、四大核心考点与解题细则 考点一：主旨概括句 解题细则 1. 段首句预判：需总领段落，与后文形成 “主题句 - 支撑细节” 结构，重点关注后文重复出现的名词（如 “community” 在极限运动段落中复现）； 2. 段尾句总结：需归纳上文核心，常含 “in short/thus” 等总结词，与段首主题句形成呼应； 3. 关键词匹配：选项关键词需覆盖段落核心话题，如段落围绕 “急救注意事项”，选项应含 “first aid”“precautions” 等词。 例题 文段： 30 The shared passion for these high-risk activities creates a strong sense of community. Extreme sports enthusiasts often gather... exchange experiences... support each other. 选项： A. Despite the risks, extreme sports also foster a unique sense of community. B. Participants can set their own goals and practice at their own pace. C. These sports demand a combination of physical strength and mental toughness. 解析：后文多次出现 “community”，且论述社群文化，A 选项以 “Despite the risks” 衔接上文风险话题，“foster a unique sense of community” 精准概括段落核心，B “goals” 和 C “physical strength” 与段落主题无关，排除。 考点二：过度衔接句 解题细则 1. 逻辑词定位：关注上下文的 “but/so/meanwhile” 等词，选项需匹配逻辑关系（如转折、因果）； 2. 承上启下：前半句总结上文（如 “急救需专业帮助”），后半句引出下文（如 “注意事项”）； 3. 关键词复现：选项含上下文共享词汇（如 “first aid” 在急救段落中复现）。 例题 文段： Basic first aid allows you to determine a person’s condition... You should seek professional help. 36 Do not move the person. Moving someone with spinal cord damage may increase paralysis risk. 选项： A. But be sure to be aware of the following life-saving tips. B. It could harm them even more unless they are in immediate danger. C. Never, ever put yourself in danger when providing first aid. 解析：前文强调 “寻求专业帮助”，后文列举 “不移动伤者” 等注意事项，A 选项以 “But” 转折，“following life-saving tips” 引出下文，B “harm them” 和 C “put yourself in danger” 与上下文逻辑衔接不紧密，排除。 考点三：细节支撑句 解题细则 1. 段落逻辑分析：明确段落结构为 “观点 - 解释”“主题 - 例子”，选项需充当论据； 2. 因果 / 例证关系：若前文为 “禁止复位骨折”，选项应解释原因（如 “复位风险”）； 3. 就近匹配：选项与前后句共享关键词（如 “reset a broken bone” 与 “making things worse” 形成因果）。 例题 文段： Never try to reset a broken bone. 39 Resetting runs a strong risk of making things worse. Only doctors are qualified. 选项： A. Remember, first aid is for emergency care, not professional treatment. B. This can help conquer the physical challenge and push mental boundaries. C. Even minor mistakes in resetting may lead to permanent damage. 解析：前文禁止复位，后文说明风险，C 选项 “minor mistakes... permanent damage” 具体解释风险，A “first aid” 偏离 “复位风险” 话题，B “mental boundaries” 与段落无关，排除。 考点四：结论概括句 解题细则 1. 总结性信号词：选项常含 “therefore/thus/in conclusion” 等词，或用 “also/another” 补充最后一点； 2. 主题呼应：与首段主题句形成闭环，如首段讲 “阅读食谱重要性”，末句应总结其好处； 3. 避免片面：排除仅概括部分内容的选项，需覆盖段落核心要点。 例题 文段： Reading a recipe from start to finish is crucial. This eliminates surprises... reviews ingredients... 69. It also gives you a sense of the cooking mechanics, improving skills. 选项： A. So take time to read thoroughly before starting to cook. B. Recommended cooking times are just estimates, so rely on your tests. C. This preparation ensures you understand the steps and avoid mistakes. 解析：前文论述阅读食谱的好处（避免意外、回顾食材），C 选项 “preparation ensures... avoid mistakes” 总结上文，A “take time to read” 为建议而非总结，B “cooking times” 偏离段落核心，排除。 三、解题步骤与细则扩展 （一）通读全文，把握大意  30 秒速览操作： 1. 标题定位：如标题 “How to Pack Light for Your International Trip?” 直接锁定 “国际旅行轻装打包” 主题，预判文章围绕打包方法展开； 2. 首尾段精读：首段若出现 “Here are four tips to keep in mind...”，可确定全文为 “总 — 分” 结构，末段常总结方法意义（如 “轻装让旅行更自由”）； 3. 段首句扫读：标记各段首句关键词，如 “Plan outfits...”“Weigh your packed bags...”，快速梳理段落功能（规划服装、称重行李等）。  结构预判示例： 若首段为 “Basic first aid refers to the initial process... Here are key things to remember.”，可预判后文分点说明急救注意事项，形成 “定义 — 分述” 结构。 （二）看设空位置，预判功能  段首句（90% 主题句）： o 例：设空在 “31. Planning outfits instead of items is the solution to overpacking.” 段首，需选含 “outfit planning” 或同义表达的选项，如 “Start by organizing your wardrobe by daily activities”。  段中句（60% 过渡句 / 30% 细节支撑句 / 10% 例子）： o 过渡句：设空在 “Seek professional help. 36. Do not move the person...” 中间，需选承上启下句，如 “But first aid also requires knowing what NOT to do”； o 细节支撑句：设空在 “Never reset a broken bone. 39. Resetting may worsen injuries.” 中间，需解释原因，如 “Even minor misalignment can cause permanent damage”。  段尾句（80% 总结句 / 20% 过渡句）： o 总结句：设空在 “Read the whole recipe... This helps avoid surprises. 69.” 段尾，需总结好处，如 “Thus, thorough reading ensures cooking success”； o 过渡句：设空在 “Swimming builds muscles... 23. Next, let’s explore its impact on heart health.” 段尾，需引出下段，如 “Beyond muscles, swimming benefits the cardiovascular system”。 （三）圈画关键词，找呼应  名词优先标记： o 专有名词：在 “veterinary clinic” 段落中，圈出 “cat food”“library” 等词，选项若含 “vet”“books” 可优先匹配； o 主题名词：在 “extreme sports” 段落中，反复出现 “community”“enthusiasts”，选项需含 “group”“members” 等同义词。  逻辑词标记符号： o △转折词：在 “But 30, extreme sports foster community” 中，标记 “but”，选项需含转折逻辑，如 “Despite the dangers”； o ○举例词：在 “Plan outfits, 32. For example, re - wear pants” 中，标记 “for example”，选项需含 “such as”“like” 等举例引导词。 （四）利用逻辑线索，筛选选项  并列关系： o 标志词：also, another, besides, furthermore o 示例：文段 “Reading a recipe eliminates surprises. 69. It also helps understand cooking steps.”，选项需含 “also”，如 “Additionally, it allows time to gather ingredients”。  转折关系： o 标志词：despite, however, nevertheless, while o 示例：文段 “Volunteering takes time. 7, it makes you feel fulfilled.”，选项需含 “however”，如 “However, the emotional rewards are worth it”。  因果关系： o 标志词：thus, so, therefore, as a result o 示例：文段 “Green buildings use solar panels. 35, they reduce energy costs.”，选项需含 “thus”，如 “Thus, they are economically beneficial in the long run”。 （五）代入检查  语义流畅性验证： o 例：设空处选 “Despite the risks, extreme sports build community” 后，连读后文 “The shared passion creates a strong sense of community...”，若语义连贯则正确；若选 “Extreme sports are dangerous”，则与后文 “community” 主题断裂，需排除。  语法一致性检查： o 时态：全文用过去时，选项不可出现 “plans”（现在时），需选 “planned”； o 单复数：前文 “tips” 为复数，选项需用 “they” 而非 “it” 指代，如 “They help avoid overpacking”。 四、难点突破策略 （一）长难句拆分法 实例： 长难句："Meira, a determined surfer who had overcome multiple setbacks like losing her mother and surviving a car accident, flew to Hawaii for an operation that was so successful that she eventually stood up, ________which inspired her to resume surfing and even compete in championships." • 拆分细则： 1. 主句：Meira flew to Hawaii for an operation（核心动作：去夏威夷做手术）； 2. 定语从句：that was so successful（修饰 “手术”，强调成功）； 3. 结果状语从句：that she eventually stood up（手术成功的结果）； 4. 非限制性定语从句：which inspired her to resume surfing（“站起来” 引发的后续行为）。 • 设空位置：在 “stood up” 之后 • 选项： A. This new ability inspired her to return to the sport she loved B. She decided to take a long break from all physical activities C. The doctors advised her against strenuous exercise post-operation • 解题应用：  拆分后可知，设空处需衔接 “重新冲浪” 的逻辑。A 选项中 “inspired” 与从句中的 “inspired” 原词复现，“return to the sport” 对应 “resume surfing”，形成精准呼应；  B 选项 “take a break” 与原文 “resume surfing” 语义矛盾；  C 选项 “doctors advised against” 虽符合医疗常识，但未提及 “surfing”，偏离长难句强调的 “激励重返运动” 核心。 （二）逻辑词突破法 实例： 文段逻辑： "Green buildings use solar panels, advanced insulation, and smart systems. They reduce energy consumption by 50% compared to traditional buildings. ____, the initial construction cost is higher, but the long-term savings are significant." • 逻辑分析： 前文强调节能优势，后文指出 “初期成本高但长期省钱”，前后为转折关系，需含转折逻辑词。 • 选项： A. However, the long-term benefits outweigh the upfront expenses B. Therefore, they are too expensive for most developers C. Additionally, governments offer tax incentives for green buildings • 解题应用：  A 选项 “However” 表转折，“long-term benefits” 呼应后文 “long-term savings”，逻辑与语义双重匹配；  B 选项 “Therefore” 表因果，与 “成本高” 的后文无法构成转折，且 “too expensive” 过度推断；  C 选项 “Additionally” 表并列，偏离 “优势 — 劣势” 的转折结构，且 “tax incentives” 原文未提及。 （三）关键词复现法 实例： 文段片段： "Studies show skin color affects wearable device data. Darker skin may cause inaccuracies in blood oxygen readings. Researchers tested devices on different skin tones, finding significant differences. ____. This discovery highlights the need for more inclusive device design." • 关键词分析：  核心名词：skin color, wearable device, inaccuracies, skin tones；  动词：affects, tested, highlights。 • 选项： A. The findings indicate that skin tone is a crucial factor in device accuracy B. Wearable devices have revolutionized personal health monitoring C. Light-skinned individuals often have more reliable readings • 解题应用：  A 选项 “findings” 复现 “studies/researchers”，“skin tone” 复现 “skin color/skin tones”，“device accuracy” 复现 “inaccuracies”，实现关键词全方位复现；  B 选项未提及 “skin color”，偏离文段核心主题；  C 选项仅聚焦 “light-skinned”，未覆盖 “肤色影响设备数据” 的整体论述，属于以偏概全。 （四）上下文逻辑链构建法 实例： 文段结构： 1. 首段：介绍极限运动的风险与吸引力； 2. 中段：" The shared passion creates a strong sense of community. Enthusiasts gather, exchange experiences, and support each other." 3. 尾段：总结社群文化的意义。 • 逻辑链需求：衔接 “风险” 与 “社群文化”，形成 “转折 — 主题 — 支撑” 逻辑。 • 选项： A. Despite the dangers, extreme sports foster a unique sense of community B. Accidents are common in extreme sports due to carelessness C. Community support plays a vital role in reducing risks • 解题应用：  A 选项 “Despite the dangers” 承接首段风险论述，“foster community” 引出中段主题，与后文 “shared passion creates community” 形成因果逻辑，完整构建 “风险 — 转折 — 社群” 链条；  B 选项仅强调 “事故常见”，未衔接后文 “社群”，逻辑断裂；  C 选项虽提及 “community support”，但 “reducing risks” 与后文 “社群文化的意义” 无关，偏离段落核心。 （五）语法一致性验证法 实例： 文段片段： "Basic first aid allows you to quickly assess a situation. You should always seek professional help. ____. Do not move the person with spinal injuries." • 语法分析：  全文时态为一般现在时，设空处需保持时态一致；  后文 “do not move” 为祈使句，选项需与祈使句逻辑衔接。 • 选项： A. But remember these life-saving do’s and don’ts B. However, moving the person may worsen their condition C. The injured person was taken to the hospital immediately • 解题应用：  A 选项 “remember” 为一般现在时祈使动词，与后文 “do not move” 形成祈使句并列，语法与逻辑双重正确；  B 选项虽为现在时，但 “moving” 动名词结构与后文祈使句的动词原形结构不匹配；  C 选项 “was taken” 为过去时被动语态，与全文时态冲突，直接排除。 五、复习提升建议 1. 分题型刷题：每天练 2 篇，周一 / 三专练主旨题，周二 / 四专练过渡句题； 2. 逻辑词整理：制作 “七选五高频逻辑词表”，如转折（however/despite）、因果（thus/therefore）； 3. 错题归类：按 “主旨偏离 / 逻辑误判 / 关键词漏看” 分类记录，针对性强化； 4. 限时训练：每篇控制在 7-8 分钟内，用手机计时模拟考场压力。 真题速递 Passage 1 （2025·全国二卷·高考真题）Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? 1 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ●You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 2 ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. 3 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ● 4 Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 5 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A．Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B．Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C．Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D．Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E．For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F．You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. G．Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 【答案】1．B 2．G 3．E 4．C 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍家庭共同参与志愿活动带来的意外好处，包括感觉时间更充裕、促进身体健康、对青少年产生长远积极影响以及增进家庭互动等。 1．根据上文“Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? (你在寻找让家人团聚的方法吗？希望找到一个大人和小孩都能参与的爱好吗)”可知，此处以提问方式引出家庭共同活动的需求，空格处需给出解决方案。B选项“Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. (全家一起做志愿者可能正是你需要的)”中的“Volunteering as a family”直接回应“bring your family together”和“shared hobby”，引出下文对家庭志愿活动好处的具体说明，符合语境。故选B项。 2．根据段落主题句“You’ll feel like you have more time. (你会觉得自己有更多时间)”及上文“Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. (然而，研究发现，把时间投入到社区事业中实际上会让你觉得自己拥有更多时间)”可推知，设空处需解释“感觉时间更多”的原因。G选项“Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. (志愿活动让你感觉有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天)”中的“makes you feel capable”和“inspires you to make the most of each day”从心理层面解释了为何志愿活动会让人产生时间更充裕的感觉，与“feel like you have more time”形成因果关联。故选G项。 3．根据下文“Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. (华盛顿大学研究发现，55 岁及以上的成年人中，参与志愿服务的人群比同龄人拥有更优的记忆力，且能更长久地维持整体健康状态)”可知，本段聚焦志愿活动对成年人身体健康的益处。E选项“For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. (对成年人来说，志愿活动可以带来显著的身体健康益处)”中的“For adults”对应“adults 55 and older”，“physical health benefits”概括了“better memory”和“maintained overall health”，与本段的主题吻合。故选E项。 4．根据下文“Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect teen’s well-being in the years to come. (青少年时期参与志愿服务已被证实与一些重要的积极影响相关，例如成绩提升和自信心增强。这些影响并非只是短期的，而是已被证明会在未来数年持续影响青少年的身心健康)”可知，本段主题为志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。C选项“Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. (志愿活动对儿童和青少年有终身影响)”中的“lifelong effect”对应“affect teen’s well-being in the years to come”，“on kids and teenagers”覆盖段落讨论的年龄群体，符合段落主旨。故选C项。 5．根据上文“Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. (一起做志愿者的家庭有朝着共同目标努力的独特经历)”及下文“Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. (每个人都能带来独特的东西，并能以新的方式相互联系)”可推知，设空处需补充家庭志愿活动中成员间的具体互动。F选项“You may even learn that your kid has talent you didn’t know about before. (你甚至可能会发现你的孩子有你以前不知道的天赋)”中的“learn that your kid has talent”体现“Everyone brings something unique”，且“in a new way”对应“发现孩子未知天赋”的新颖体验，衔接上下文。故选F项。 Passage 2 （2025·浙江·高考真题）One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much. 1 There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn’t come across clearly. Being clear and brief — while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know — is a high-level communication skill. Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively. Keep your audience in mind. Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. 2 This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information. Don’t use ten words when one will do. Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 3 However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple. 4 If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills. Consider the best method to deliver your message. If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions. 5       Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort. A．Be patient. B．Get the audience involved. C．The best messages are often simple. D．Speak directly to what matters to them. E．You may be surprised by what your listeners offer. F．It will also give them a handy record to refer back to. G．As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. G 4. B 5. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些更有效地进行沟通的技巧。 1. 上文“One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much.(沟通中最常见的错误之一就是试图做得太多)”指出“做得太多”是沟通中易犯的错误，C选项“The best messages are often simple.(最好的信息往往是简单的)”承接上文，明确正确沟通方法，即不要“做得太多”，要避免复杂，追求简单，句中“simple”与上文“too much”形成对比。故选C项。 2. 上文“Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests.(当你根据受众的兴趣来调整你的沟通内容时，他们自然会更感兴趣、更投入)”强调要迎合受众兴趣，D选项“Speak directly to what matters to them.(直接谈论对他们重要的事情)”进一步说明了具体做法，即直接针对受众关心的事情进行交流，与上文逻辑一致。故选D项。 3. 下文“However, they’re hearing it for the first time.(然而，他们是第一次听到这些)”与设空句之间是转折关系。G选项“As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say.(作为演讲者，你已经知道你要说什么了)”与下文构成转折，演讲者自己熟悉内容，但听众是初次接触，同时，句中“what you’re going to say”与下文中指示代词“it”构成指代关系，上下文逻辑连贯。故选G项。 4. 下文“If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others.(如果你曾经当过导师、经理、培训师或教练，你就会知道，没有比教别人更好的学习新信息的方法了。让听众贡献他们的想法，或者让他们扮演向他人解释新概念和政策的角色)”建议让受众参与其中，B选项“Get the audience involved.(让受众参与进来)”能概括这部分内容，适合作段首小标题。故选B项。 5. 上文“If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions.(如果你传达的信息不紧急，考虑发电子邮件。书面沟通会给你的受众更多时间来复习、思考，并跟进提问)”说明了发邮件这种书面沟通的好处，F选项“It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.(它还会给他们提供一个方便查阅的记录)”进一步补充了发邮件的另一个好处，与上文逻辑紧密。故选F项。 名校模拟 Passage 3 （2025·山东·模拟预测）It has long been known that sleep also plays a significant role in physical and emotional health. Now, researchers from the University of South Australia have published a new study in the Journal of Neuroscience. 1 This is good news for anyone who wants to study a foreign language. According to a blog on Everywhere English, there are two phases that the brain cycles through when sleeping. 2 During this phase, which usually happens about an hour and a half after a person has fallen asleep, brain activity is high and shows levels that are similar to when that person is awake. This is when dreams occur. In non-REM sleep, brain activity is low. 3 But in fact, the researchers from the University of South Australia found that just the opposite is true. According to a University of South Australia press release, the researchers conducted an experiment with 35 native English speakers. Half of the students learned the language in the morning and then went on with their days. 4 This way the researchers could record their brainwaves. Both groups were tested on their knowledge in the morning. The group that had slept soon after they studied performed significantly better than those who had not. “ 5 It’s an active, transformative state for the brain,” Dr. Scott Cousins, a researcher at the University of South Australia, said in the press release. A．Sleep is not just restful. B．The first is called REM sleep. C．Is sleep help you learn language? D．If you are active, you’ll have a good memory. E．It investigates the way sleep helps people learn language. F．But the other half studied in the evening and then slept at the lab. G．One may think that memory and learning are gained when the brain is active. 【答案】1. E 2. B 3. G 4. F 5. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文通过南澳大利亚大学的研究，揭示了睡眠在语言学习中的关键作用，指出睡眠的REM阶段并非被动休息，而是大脑主动巩固记忆的过程，并通过实验证明睡前学习结合睡眠能显著提升语言学习效果。 1. 前文提到“Now, researchers from the University of South Australia have published a new study in the Journal of Neuroscience.(现在，来自南澳大利亚大学的研究人员在《神经科学杂志》上发表了一项新研究。)”以及后文“This is good news for anyone who wants to study a foreign language.(这对任何想学外语的人来说都是个好消息。)”说明此处需要填入一个研究内容于语言学习相关的选项。E项“It investigates the way sleep helps people learn language.(该研究阐述了睡眠如何帮助语言学习)”该项提到了研究的内容，即睡眠对于人们语言学习方式的帮助，起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选E。 2. 前文提到“According to a blog on Everywhere English, there are two phases that the brain cycles through when sleeping. (根据Everywhere English的一篇博客，睡眠时大脑会经历两个阶段。)”由此判断，该段介绍了睡眠的两个阶段，后文中“this phase(这个阶段)”应指代第一个阶段，并描述其特点。B项“The first is called REM sleep.(第一个阶段是REM睡眠阶段)”与后文衔接自然，起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选B。 3. 后文提到“But in fact, the researchers from the University of South Australia found that just the opposite is true.(但事实上，南澳大学的研究人员发现，事实恰恰相反。)”后文提到“事实恰恰相反”，需先引出大众普遍认为的某一观点，与该句形成对比。G项“One may think that memory and learning are gained when the brain is active.(人们可能会认为记忆和学习是在大脑活跃的时候获得的。)”该项与后文形成转折，逻辑合理，符合文意。故选G。 4. 前文提到“Half of the students learned the language in the morning and then went on with their days.(一半的学生在早上学习语言，然后继续他们的日常活动。)”第四段提到分组实验，前文提到“一半学生早上学习”，空处则需填入另一半的对比情况。F项“But the other half studied in the evening and then slept at the lab.(而另一半则在晚上学习，然后在实验室睡觉。)”该项与前文形成完整对照，符合实验设计描述。故选F。 5. 后文提到“It’s an active, transformative state for the brain(对大脑来说，这是一种活跃的、变革的状态。)”该段强调“睡眠是大脑的主动转化状态”，空处需填入对睡眠本质的总结。A项“Sleep is not just restful.(睡眠不仅是休息)”直接呼应后文，点明该段核心观点。符合文意。故选A。 Passage 4 （2025·北京东城·一模）Voice notes are a highly divisive medium of communication. There are those,like me, who enjoy both leaving and listening to them; and then there are those who dislike them and feel very strongly about that. 1 A poll found that 62% of Americans have sent voice notes, and about 30% communicate this way on a regular basis. But even the voice note lovers among us have our limits. All of us know a voice note bore. And it is time to establish some ground rules. The first rule: only ever leave voice notes for someone that you are confident likes you. 2 It is also somewhat self-indulgent (我行我素)．While a spot of self-indulgence can be healthy, it is unreasonable to expect someone who dislikes you to indulge you. Never give complicated instructions in a voice note. 3 If you end up leaving a long voice note that contains a mixture of key information and other bits, follow it up with a text that gives the other person the important stuff, so they're not forced to listen straight away. 4 Leaving a voice note that is under 10 seconds long-unless you are funny or the other person likes you-is annoying. Type it out instead. Follow the other person's cues. If they are responding to your eight-minute specials with one-minute voice messages, take the hint. Also, if your message is longer than about four minutes, you should be open to the possibility that the other person is going to take a long time to listen and respond. If your message is upwards of 10 minutes, they might never listen to it. 5 All you need do, really, is remember to use a bit of common sense. Modern innovations need not negate good old-fashioned manners. A．Be at peace with that. B．Be responsive and informative. C．You need not keep your messages too short. D．It seems the haters are losing the battle, though. E．A voice note is a demand on someone else's time. F．It suggests limiting voice notes to less than two minutes. G．These should be typed out so the other person can refer back. 【答案】1. D 2. E 3. G 4. C 5. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了语音消息的现状及使用的一些规则。 1. 由上文“There are those, like me, who enjoy both leaving and listening to them; and then there are those who dislike them and feel very strongly about that.(有些人，比如我，既喜欢发语音也喜欢听语音；然后还有那些非常不喜欢语音的人)”可知，本空要说跟人们对语音信息的不同态度有关的话题，D选项“It seems the haters are losing the battle, though.(然而，似乎那些讨厌语音信息的人正在输掉这场战斗)”承接上文，符合题意，haters呼应上文的those who dislike them。故选D。 2. 由上文“The first rule: only ever leave voice notes for someone that you are confident likes you.(第一条规则：只给你确信喜欢你的人发语音信息)”可知，本空要说跟发语音信息有关的话题，E选项“A voice note is a demand on someone else's time.(语音信息是对别人时间的一种占用)”承接上文，解释了为什么要只给喜欢自己的人发语音信息，符合题意。故选E。 3. 由上文“Never give complicated instructions in a voice note.(永远不要在语音信息中给出复杂的指示)”可知，本空要说跟不要在语音信息中给出复杂指示有关的话题，G选项“These should be typed out so the other person can refer back.(这些应该打出来，以便对方可以回头参考)”承接上文，对上文进行了进一步解释，these指代complicated instructions。故选G。 4. 由下文“Leaving a voice note that is under 10 seconds long-unless you are funny or the other person likes you-is annoying. Type it out instead.(除非你有趣或者对方喜欢你，否则留下一条不到10秒的语音信息是令人讨厌的。相反，把它打出来)”可知，本空要说跟语音信息时长有关的话题，C选项“You need not keep your messages too short.(你不必把信息留得太短)”引出下文，符合题意，下文是对该选项的进一步说明。故选C。 5. 由上文“If your message is upwards of 10 minutes, they might never listen to it.(如果你的信息超过10分钟，他们可能永远不会听)”可知，本空要说跟对方不听长语音信息有关的话题，A选项“Be at peace with that.(平静地接受这一点吧)”承接上文，符合题意，that指代上文提到的对方可能不听长语音信息的情况。故选A。 Passage 5 （2025·湖南邵阳·二模）Mental resilience (韧性) has become a vital skill in today’s fast-paced world. 1 Research indicates that individuals with high resilience levels are 35 % more likely to maintain mental health during long-term stress. Let’s explore scientific ally proven methods to strengthen this ability. The Main Idea Explained Resilience is not about reducing stress but managing it effectively. Emerging neurobiological evidence sheds light on this positively adaptive process. 2 Neuroscientists (神经学家) compare it to muscle training: facing proper challenged regularly improved mental ability to adjust. For instance, A 2023 Harvard study showed that proper stress increased brain thickness in areas related to making decisions. Physical Activity as a Foundation Exercise is universally recognized as a key resilience-building tool. During aerobic workouts, the body producers BDNF (脑源性神经营养因子), a protein important for brain development. 3 Meanwhile, this chemical process not only improved mood but also strengthens mental abilities. To maximize benefits, experts suggest combining 30 minutes of daily exercise with relaxation methods such as deep breathing. The Power of Social Bonds Human beings succeed through meaningful connections. Strong social networks act as psychological safety nets during c rises. 4 A Stanford University study over many years found that people with strong social support recovered 50 % faster from emotional difficulties than those who were isolated. Surprisingly, online communication through video calls was 80 % as effective as face-to-face meetings in recent tests. Methods to Change Negative Thoughts How we view difficulties shapes our mental resilience. Psychologists suggest changing extreme negative ideas like “I can’t handle this” into positive views such as “This is hard but possible.” 2022 study found that daily gratitude practice lowers stress hormones by 25 % in three weeks. 5 A．Therefore, building strong connections should be a key goal. B．Creative activities like painting unexpectedly better stress tolerance. C．Workplace culture significantly impacts employees’ stress management. D．This natural process helps maintain stable emotions and enhanced clear thinking. E．Moreover, actively noticing small daily successes helps develop positive thinking. F．This psychological training strengthens the brain’s ability to handle future challengers. G．It refers to the ability to recover from difficulties while keeping basic operations running. 【答案】1. G 2. F 3. D 4. A 5. E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在当今快节奏的世界中，心理韧性已成为一项至关重要的技能，并探讨了科学证实的增强心理韧性的方法，包括正确理解韧性、进行体育活动、建立社会联系以及改变消极想法等。 1. 根据上文“Mental resilience (韧性) has become a vital skill in today’s fast-paced world. (心理韧性在当今快节奏的世界中已成为一项至关重要的技能)”以及下文“Research indicates that individuals with high resilience levels are 35 % more likely to maintain mental health during long-term stress. (研究表明，具有高韧性水平的人在长期压力下保持心理健康的可能性要高出 35%)”可知上文提到了“心理韧性”，下文说的是“心理韧性”的重要性，可推理出空白处需要对“心理韧性”这一概念进行解释说明，与G项“It refers to the ability to recover from difficulties while keeping basic operations running. (它指的是在保持基本功能正常运行的同时从困难中恢复的能力)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。 2. 根据上文“Resilience is not about reducing stress but managing it effectively. Emerging neurobiological evidence sheds light on this positively adaptive process. (韧性不是减少压力，而是有效地管理压力。新出现的神经生物学证据揭示了这一积极的适应过程)”以及下文“Neuroscientists (神经学家) compare it to muscle training: facing proper challenged regularly improved mental ability to adjust. (神经学家将其比作肌肉训练：定期面对适当的挑战可以提高心理调节能力)”可知，这里阐述的是这种适应过程对大脑能力的积极影响，与F项“This psychological training strengthens the brain’s ability to handle future challengers. (这种心理训练增强了大脑处理未来挑战的能力)”表达的意思一致，故选F项。 3. 根据上文“During aerobic workouts, the body producers BDNF (脑源性神经营养因子), a protein important for brain development. (在有氧运动中，身体会产生脑源性神经营养因子，这是一种对大脑发育很重要的蛋白质)”以及下文“Meanwhile, this chemical process not only improved mood but also strengthens mental abilities. (同时，这个化学过程不仅改善了情绪，还增强了心理能力)”可知此处提到了产生脑源性神经营养因子这一自然过程，可推理出空白处应是在说产生脑源性神经营养因子这一自然过程对人的积极的作用，与D项“This natural process helps maintain stable emotions and enhanced clear thinking. (这个自然过程有助于保持稳定的情绪并增强清晰的思维)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。 4. 根据上文“Human beings succeed through meaningful connections. Strong social networks act as psychological safety nets during c rises. (人类通过有意义的联系取得成功。强大的社交网络在危机期间充当心理安全网。)”以及下文“A Stanford University study over many years found that people with strong social support recovered 50 % faster from emotional difficulties than those who were isolated. (斯坦福大学多年的一项研究发现，有强大社会支持的人比那些孤立无援的人从情感困难中恢复的速度要快50%)”可知有强大社会支持的人比那些孤立无援的人从情感困难中恢复的速度要快50%，可推理出此处应是在强调建立强大联系的重要性，与A项“Therefore, building strong connections should be a key goal. (因此，建立强大的联系应该是一个关键目标)”表达的意思一致，故选A项。 5. 根据上文“Psychologists suggest changing extreme negative ideas like “I can’t handle this” into positive views such as “This is hard but possible.” 2022 study found that daily gratitude practice lowers stress hormones by 25 % in three weeks (心理学家建议将“我无法处理这个问题”等极端消极想法转变为“这很难但有可能”等积极观点。2022年的一项研究发现，每天进行感恩练习可以在三周内将压力荷尔蒙降低 25%)”可知，此处应是在进一步说明培养积极思维的方法，与E项“Moreover, actively noticing small daily successes helps develop positive thinking. (此外，积极关注日常的小成功有助于培养积极的思维)”表达的含义一致，且“Moreover”进一步递进，符合语境，故选E项。 Passage 6 （2024·河南·一模）Players, in Project SEKAI a world where reality and digital fantasy intertwine, 1 . A Symphony of Taps: Engaging Rhythm Mechanics Project Sekai transforms familiar rhythm gameplay into an enthralling experience where precision and timing bring music to life. Adjustable difficulty settings ensure that both newcomers and seasoned players find their rhythm, challenging them to perfect performances and ascend the leaderboards. Interwoven Stories and Evolving Characters At the heart of Project Sekai lies its rich narrative depth, where characters—from virtual idols to vibrant human protagonists— 2 . Through fully voiced dialogues and interactive stories, players explore personal growth and friendships that evolve with each note sung. Exploring the Dual Dimensions of Hatsune Miku: Colorful Stage In the heart of Shibuya, Tokyo, the game unfolds, presenting a unique scenario where beloved virtual idols like Hatsune Miku exist only within the confines of fiction. Yet, these characters discover a gateway to “SEKAI”,a mysterious alternate reality that forms in response to human emotions. 3 This game sets players on a compelling quest alongside these virtual singers to navigate their complex worlds and unravel the truths hidden in their “true feelings.” Besides, the game pivots around a silent, melody-less song called “Untitled,” that mysteriously appears on various personal devices. 4 , transforming as players delve deeper into understanding and expressing their emotion. As they interact with the song, it gradually develops a melody, lyrics, and finally a name, mirroring the player's emotional journey. 5 ,challenging players to find balance and harmony between two worlds. A．bring their own dreams and dilemmas B．display a variety of emotions stirred from themselves C．It acts as a key to SEKAI D．immerse themselves in it with the rhythmic spotlight surrounded E．Each SEKAI manifests differently, reflecting the diverse emotional landscapes of those who access it F．embark on their captivating musical adventure G．It allows for a fluid movement between the tangible reality of Tokyo and the ethereal realms of SEKAI 【答案】1. F 2. A 3. E 4. C 5. G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了游戏《SEKAI计划》的相关内容。 1. 空前提到的是Project Sekai的世界背景，空后是介绍游戏玩法的段落，因此此处应为一种玩家与世界互动的方式。以及第二段小标题“A Symphony of Taps: Engaging Rhythm Mechanics(交响乐的熄灯号：引人入胜的节奏力学)”说明这是一个音乐相关的游戏，F项“embark on their captivating musical adventure(玩家们开始了他们迷人的音乐冒险)”该项提到通过这个游戏可以进行愉快的冒险，起到引出后文的作用。故选F。 2. 前文提到“At the heart of Project Sekai lies its rich narrative depth, where characters—from virtual idols to vibrant human protagonists(《世相计划》的核心在于其丰富的叙事深度，从虚拟偶像到充满活力的人类主角，其中的角色。)”空前为角色的介绍，强调角色的多样性和丰富性。A项“bring their own dreams and dilemmas(带来了他们自己的梦想和困境)”符合对游戏角色功能性的介绍。 该项起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选A。 3. 前文提到“Yet, these characters discover a gateway to “SEKAI”,a mysterious alternate reality that forms in response to human emotions.(然而，这些角色发现了通往“SEKAI”的大门，这是一个神秘的替代现实，是对人类情感的反应。)”空前讲述了游戏中虚拟偶像存在的交错现实和虚构情境，E项“Each SEKAI manifests differently, reflecting the diverse emotional landscapes of those who access it(每个SEKAI的表现各不相同，反映了访问者不同的情感景观)”该项提到了游戏体验因人而异，与上文相符。 故选E。 4. 前文提到“Besides, the game pivots around a silent, melody-less song called “Untitled,” that mysteriously appears on various personal devices.(此外，游戏围绕着一首名为“Untitled”的无声无旋律歌曲展开，这首歌神秘地出现在各种个人设备上。)”该段提到了游戏中的音乐，这首歌曲在游戏中也起着十分重要的作用。C项“It acts as a key to SEKAI(它作为SEKAI的钥匙)”起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选C。 5. 前文提到“As they interact with the song, it gradually develops a melody, lyrics, and finally a name, mirroring the player's emotional journey.(当他们与歌曲互动时，歌曲会逐渐形成旋律、歌词，最后是一个名字，反映出玩家的情感历程。)”以及后文提到“challenging players to find balance and harmony between two worlds.(挑战玩家在两个世界之间找到平衡与和谐)”空前后的内容提及玩家在两个世界间的探索及文化交融，G项“It allows for a fluid movement between the tangible reality of Tokyo and the ethereal realms of SEKAI(它允许在东京的现实和SEKAI的超凡领域之间的流畅移动)”该项提到可以在现实和虚拟世界之间转换。该项起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选G。 Passage 7 （2024·全国·模拟预测）Are all the emails and social media notifications making you anxious or getting you down? Is having to learn yet another new piece of software stressing you out? Are the boundaries between family life and work life unclear because of technology? 1 The term is used to describe the negative psychological effect that using new technologies can have. Though many people may not be familiar with technostress, they probably are familiar with the feelings of having too much technology in their lives. Technostress can be broken down into a few subcategories including techno-overload, techno-complexity and techno-invasion. 2 Technostress may make people feel down or burned-out and even suffer from depression. Some may feel tension in the body, which can lead to headaches and back pain. 3 That is why dealing with technostress is vital to overall health. 4 Acknowledge that it’s a sign of strength and courage to recognize a mental health challenge and take steps to manage it. Experts encourage people struggling with technostress to take steps in the workplace to get involved in how technology may be used. Taking time each day to get outside is also a great way. By all accounts, there’s almost nothing that aids in stress management so much as a few hours spent in the park, the woods or the mountains. 5 Hours spent on the computer may be perceived as stressful but the stressors can be seen as more bearable if on this day one can look forward to a walk in nature. Just go outside and nature never disappoints. A．All of them can have significant effects on health. B．It’s not a medical problem but can lead to diseases. C．Such time is one ready resource available to most people. D．In the connected world, most people continuously multitask. E．You may be experiencing a phenomenon known as technostress. F．Engaging in activities that are grounding and centering is helpful. G．The first thing to do is to accept that it’s normal to have stress from technology. 【答案】1. E 2. A 3. B 4. G 5. C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了技术压力这一现象，以及如何通过一些策略来应对技术压力。语篇鼓励考生正确处理生活中的问题，关注身心健康。 1. 空前“Are all the emails and social media notifications making you anxious or getting you down? Is having to learn yet another new piece of software stressing you out? Are the boundaries between family life and work life unclear because of technology?(所有的电子邮件和社交媒体通知是否让你感到焦虑或沮丧？不得不学习另一款新软件会让你感到压力吗？由于科技的发展，家庭生活和工作生活之间的界限变得模糊了吗？)”通过三个并列问句描述技术影响人们的场景；空后“The term is used to describe the negative psychological effect that using new technologies can have.(这个词用来描述使用新技术可能产生的负面心理影响。)”提到这个术语的影响。所以空处内容应是对三个场景的解释或拓展，且涉及一个术语，使The term有所指，E项“你可能正在经历一种被称为技术压 力的现象”能概括上述问题，且technostress与The term呼应。故选E项。 2. 空前“Technostress can be broken down into a few subcategories including techno-overload, techno-complexity and techno-invasion.(技术压力可以分为几个子类，包括技术超载、技术复杂性和技术入侵。)”提到了技术压力的几种子类别，故空处内容应涉及这些子类别。对比选项可知，A项中的“All of them”可承接上文，指代“techno-overload, techno-complexity and techno-invasion”，所以A选项“所有这些都会对健康产生重大影响。”起到承上启下作用。故选A项。 3. 空前“Some may feel tension in the body, which can lead to headaches and back pain.(有些人可能会感到身体紧张，这会导致头痛和背痛。)”提到了技术压力可能产生的一些问题。空后“That is why dealing with technostress is vital to overall health.(这就是为什么应对技术压力对整体健康至关重要。)”提到了应对技术压力的重要性。前后内容都与技术压力对健康的影响有关，所以空处也应围绕这一内容展开。B项“这不是一个医学问题，但可能导致疾病”总结了空前的描述，并引出空后处理技术压力的重要性。故选B项。 4. 空后“Acknowledge that it’s a sign of strength and courage to recognize a mental health challenge and take steps to manage it. Experts encourage people struggling with technostress to take steps in the workplace to get involved in how technology may be used.(承认这是一种力量和勇气的标志，认识到心理健康的挑战，并采取措施来管理它。专家们鼓励那些与技术压力作斗争的人在工作场所采取措施，了解如何使用技术。)”提到了对待技术压力的态度，是所有G项“首先要做的是接受有技术压力是正常的”能概括下文内容，符合语境。故选G项。 5. 空前“Taking time each day to get outside is also a great way. By all accounts, there’s almost nothing that aids in stress management so much as a few hours spent in the park, the woods or the mountains.(每天花点时间出去走走也是一个很好的方法。大家都说，几乎没有什么比在公园、树林或山上呆上几个小时更能帮助管理压力了。)”提到了花点时间出去走走，所以C项“对大多数人来说，这样的时间是现成的资源。”能承接上文，且Such time与空前的a few hours spent in the park，the woods or the mountains呼应。故选C项。 Passage 8 （2024·贵州黔南·一模）In a world where screens often blur (模糊) the line between reality and representation, taking care of your emotional well-being is key to avoiding destructive thoughts and unnecessary comparisons. 1 ● Encourage authenticity Getting rid of virtual masks and showing authentic aspects of your life are among the first steps to a healthier online presence. Revealing imperfections creates a real connection with your audience. So, the first tip is to show yourself as you are. ● Promote body positivity Remember that it’s okay to edit your photos or videos a bit if it makes you feel more confident. Avoid drastically changing your appearance using artificial intelligence tools. 2 . Therefore, try to highlight your natural beauty. ● 3 Don’t fall into the trap of comparing yourself to unrealistic standards when editing your images. Comparing yourself to others can negatively affect your confidence and emotional well-being. Give importance to your personal accomplishments and celebrate your authenticity rather than seeking recognition through outward appearance. ● Share valuable content If you want to have a positive social media presence, think twice before posting the image you just edited. 4 . But you shouldn’t depend on them. Share inspiration, motivation, and personal goals to foster a positive environment. 5 . A study in Applied Psychology suggested that people who are exposed to negative news and images on the Internet are at an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. A．Avoid social comparisons B．Focus on inner feelings C．Keep in mind that AI tools can be great helpers D．That keeps you better connected with your audience E．Honest representation contributes to a more positive body image for you F．Here are some recommendations when editing images for your social networks G．On the whole, never underestimate the power of the things you post on social media 【答案】1. F 2. E 3. A 4. C 5. G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在社交网络编辑和分享图片的一些建议。 1. 根据上文“In a world where screens often blur ( 模糊 ) the line between reality and representation, taking care of your emotional well-being is key to avoiding destructive thoughts and unnecessary comparisons.(在一个屏幕经常模糊现实和表现之间界限的世界里，照顾好你的情绪健康是避免破坏性想法和不必要比较的关键。)”并结合下文各段给出的关于编辑图片的建议可知，空格处的句子应该是一个引领句，引出下文的建议，所以F项“Here are some recommendations when editing images for your social networks(在为你的社交网络编辑图片时，这里有一些建议)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选F项。 2. 根据上文的句子“Remember that it’s okay to edit your photos or videos a bit if it makes you feel more confident. Avoid drastically changing your appearance using artificial intelligence tools.(记住，如果能让你感觉更自信，可以稍微编辑一下你的照片或视频。避免使用人工智能工具大幅改变你的外表。)”可知，作者建议不要大幅编辑自己的照片，下文应该接着说这样做的好处，所以E项“Honest representation contributes to a more positive body image for you(诚实的展示有助于给你一个更积极的身体形象)”填入空格处，符合语境。且E项与下文的句子“Therefore, try to highlight your natural beauty.(因此，尽量突出你的自然美。)”是顺接关系。故选E项。 3. 空格处是该部分的主题句。根据下文的内容“Don’t fall into the trap of comparing yourself to unrealistic standards when editing your images. Comparing yourself to others can negatively affect your confidence and emotional well-being. Give importance to your personal accomplishments and celebrate your authenticity rather than seeking recognition through outward appearance.(在编辑图像时，不要陷入将自己与不切实际的标准进行比较的陷阱。把自己和别人比较会对你的自信和情绪健康产生负面影响。重视你的个人成就，庆祝你的真实，而不是通过外表寻求认可。)”可知，此处作者主要是建议不要把自己和别人比较，不要通过外表寻求认可。所以，A项“Avoid social comparisons(避免社会比较)”填入空格处，可以作为该部分的主题句，符合语境。故选A项。 4. 根据空格后的句子“But you shouldn’t depend on them.(但是你不应该依赖它们。)”可推知，空格处应该提到不应该依赖的东西是什么，并且这些东西应该是有用的，所以C项“Keep in mind that AI tools can be great helpers(请记住，人工智能工具可以是很好的帮手)”填入空格处，符合语境。下文的them代指C项中的AI tools。故选C项。 5. 根据空格后的例子“A study in Applied Psychology suggested that people who are exposed to negative news and images on the Internet are at an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.(《应用心理学》上的一项研究表明，在互联网上接触负面新闻和图片的人患抑郁症、焦虑症和创伤后应激障碍的风险更高。)”可知，空格处的句子应该是强调社交媒体的影响力之大。所以G项“On the whole, never underestimate the power of the things you post on social media(总的来说，永远不要低估你在社交媒体上发布的东西的力量)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选G项。 Passage 9 （24-25高三上·湖北·阶段练习）Whether you like it or not, fall is here. Soon the weather will get colder. The leaves will die and the nights will stretch longer than the days. Another year is dying; that’s just how it goes. Studies suggest that if you are deeply preoccupied with your thoughts, in the autumn, you may be at more risk for depression in the winter. Changing the clocks in the fall is associated with depressive episodes (changing them back in spring is not). 1 Psychologists say that the feelings that often crop up in autumn come from our discomfort with change, and an anxiety and uncertainty about what that change will bring. 2 And of these things the anxiety, the promise and even the careful thoughts — make it the ideal season to build resilience and practice mindfulness. Psychologists have also found that the thought of change, the ending of one thing, the beginning of another, and perhaps our own mortality, underlies a great deal of anxiety. Some of us struggle with “intolerance of uncertainty,” more than others. But intolerance of uncertainty is a part of being human; everyone has it on some level. 3 One way to build tolerance is to lean into it — to cultivate uncertainty rather than running away from it. 4 Quietly sit on a park bench and watch a tree drop its leaves, for instance, examine the roses in the garden that need pruning ... in such moments, it’s important to stop thinking, analyzing, or having internal conversations about work or troubles or even whatever you are witnessing. Autumn will probably hold some whisper of decay and mortality. 5 If you are always trying to avoid difficult feelings, you might end up also cutting yourself off from love, richness and sweetness. Dr. Wilson said, “this is how life is: sweet and sad, poured from the same vessel in equal measure.” A．And it is changeable. B．But it is not that bad. C．But embracing that sadness is important. D．More recently, it’s become a time to appreciate our surroundings. E．Fall also brings with it bright, briskdays, pumpkin patches and cozy sweaters. F．It is no wonder that the season has so many celebrations to attempt to keep our spirits up. G．Another strategy experts suggest for soothing anxiety is to step back and simply observe the world around you. 【答案】1. F 2. B 3. A 4. G 5. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了秋天会出现的情绪波动甚至抑郁，并提出了一些调整方法。 1. 根据上文“Studies suggest that if you are deeply preoccupied with your thoughts, in the autumn, you may be at more risk for depression in the winter. Changing the clocks in the fall is associated with depressive episodes (changing them back in spring is not).(研究表明，如果你在秋天被自己的想法深深占据，那么你在冬天患抑郁症的风险可能更大。在秋天调时钟与抑郁发作有关（在春天调时钟则不然）。)”可知，上文解释了选项发生的原因。故F选项“难怪这个季节有这么多的庆祝活动试图让我们振作起来。”切题。故选F项。 2. 根据上文“Psychologists say that the feelings that often crop up in autumn come from our discomfort with change, and an anxiety and uncertainty about what that change will bring.(心理学家说，秋天经常出现的感觉来自于我们对变化的不适，以及对变化会带来什么的焦虑和不确定。)”和下文“And of these things the anxiety, the promise and even the careful thoughts— make it the ideal season to build resilience and practice mindfulness.(焦虑，承诺，甚至是仔细的思考，这些都使它成为建立适应力和练习正念的理想季节。)”可知，选项与上文为转折关系且承接下文说明情况也没有那么糟糕。故B选项“但也没那么糟糕。”切题。故选B项。 3. 根据上文“But intolerance of uncertainty is a part of being human; everyone has it on some level.(但不能容忍不确定性是人类的一部分；每个人在某种程度上都有这种感觉。)”和下文“One way to build tolerance is to lean into it— to cultivate uncertainty rather than running away from it.(培养宽容的一种方法是向宽容靠拢——培养不确定性，而不是逃避不确定性。)”可知，选项承接上下文说明上文情况具有变化性。changeable呼应uncertainty。故A选项“而且它是多变的”切题。故选A项。 4. 根据下文“Quietly sit on a park bench and watch a tree drop its leaves, for instance, examine the roses in the garden that need pruning ... in such moments, it’s important to stop thinking, analyzing, or having internal conversations about work or troubles or even whatever you are witnessing.(比如，静静地坐在公园的长椅上，看着一棵树落叶，审视花园里需要修剪的玫瑰……在这样的时刻，重要的是停止思考，分析，或对工作或麻烦甚至你所目睹的任何事情进行内心对话。)”可知，本段主要在说缓解焦虑的策略是退后一步，简单地观察你周围的世界。故G选项“专家建议的另一个缓解焦虑的策略是退后一步，简单地观察你周围的世界。”切题。故选G项。 5. 根据下文“If you are always trying to avoid difficult feelings, you might end up also cutting yourself off from love, richness and sweetness.(如果你总是试图避免困难的感觉，你可能最终也切断了自己与爱，丰富和甜蜜的联系。)”可知，不能逃避悲伤而是要拥抱悲伤。故C选项“但拥抱悲伤是很重要的”切题，承接下文。故选C项。 Passage 10 （24-25高三上·广东深圳·阶段练习）Public transportation is not fully used across the globe, even if good transport systems are in place. 1 There are three primary reasons listed below, which all can be solved by good urban planning. 2 For example, in Barcelona, 30% of daily trips are carried out by public transport. In contrast, in Atlanta, this figure drops to 4%. Since Barcelona is 30 times denser(更密集的) than Atlanta, it is easier to provide reliable public transport services. Accessibility is another key factor in public transportation usage. In a comparison of three international cities, though one of them has the highest population density, its public transport use is less than the other two cities. 3 Walkability is also a major component that matters. Studies show that well- maintained and safe streets encourage people to use public transportation. 4 By contrast, narrow or poorly- maintained sidewalks, and fewer trees make streets less walkable. It is in these types of urban environments that people are significantly less likely to use public transport, even if it is only 100 meters away from their homes. Nowadays, city planners have attached great importance to the construction of more public transportation infrastructure (基础设施). 5 And it can promote good urban mobility (移动性) at the same time. However, urban planners should also understand that factors related to the urban fabric (结构) also impact if and how public transport is used. So efforts should also be devoted to improving public environments to encourage the use of public transport, which will result in healthier cities and communities. A．Why is this the case? B．This emphasis aims to reduce the reliance on private vehicles. C．The trend causes cities to become more and more advanced. D．A city’s density directly impacts how public transport services are provided. E．People in big cities need to get out of their cars and use public transportation. F．In such urban environments, people are likelier to go further to access public transport. G．It’s due to its very wide streets, large street blocks and buildings set far from the street edges. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. G 4. F 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了全球范围内公共交通未得到充分利用的现象，并分析了其原因主要有城市密度、交通可达性和街道的可步行性三个方面，强调城市规划者在重视建设公共交通基础设施的同时，也应致力于改善公共环境以鼓励人们使用公共交通，从而建设更健康的城市和社区。 1. 上文“Public transportation is not fully used across the globe, even if good transport systems are in place. (即使有良好的交通系统，全球公共交通也没有得到充分利用)”提出问题，下文“There are three primary reasons listed below, which all can be solved by good urban planning. (下面列出了三个主要原因，这些原因都可以通过良好的城市规划来解决。)”说明了有三个原因，A项“Why is this the case? (为什么会这样呢？)”承上启下，引出原因，上下文过渡自然，故选A项。 2. 根据下文“For example, in Barcelona, 30% of daily trips are carried out by public transport. In contrast, in Atlanta, this figure drops to 4%. Since Barcelona is 30 times denser(更密集的) than Atlanta, it is easier to provide reliable public transport services. (例如，在巴塞罗那，30%的日常出行是通过公共交通完成的。相比之下，在亚特兰大，这一数字降至4%。由于巴塞罗那的人口密度是亚特兰大的30倍，所以提供可靠的公共交通服务更容易。)”可知，本段主要内容与城市密度与公共交通之间的关系有关，与D项“A city’s density directly impacts how public transport services are provided. (城市的密度直接影响公共交通服务的提供方式。)”与下文一致，符合文意，故选D项。 3. 根据上文“Accessibility is another key factor in public transportation usage. In a comparison of three international cities, though one of them has the highest population density, its public transport use is less than the other two cities. (可达性是公共交通使用的另一个关键因素。在三个国际城市的比较中，虽然其中一个城市的人口密度最高，但其公共交通使用量低于其他两个城市。)”可知，下文要解释为什么这个城市人口密度高但公共交通使用率低的原因，与G项“It’s due to its very wide streets, large street blocks and buildings set far from the street edges. (这是由于其非常宽阔的街道、大型街区和远离街道边缘的建筑物。)”上下文一致，符合文意。故选G项。 4. 上文“Studies show that well- maintained and safe streets encourage people to use public transportation.(研究表明，维护良好和安全的街道鼓励人们使用公共交通工具。)”提出维护良好和安全的街道鼓励人们使用公共交通工具，F项“In such urban environments, people are likelier to go further to access public transport. (在这样的城市环境中，人们更有可能走得更远，以使用公共交通工具。)”承接上文，进一步进行解释，与下文“By contrast, narrow or poorly- maintained sidewalks, and fewer trees make streets less walkable. (相比之下，狭窄或维护不善的人行道以及较少的树木会使街道更难步行。)”形成对比，上下文语意连贯，故选F项。 5. 根据上文“Nowadays, city planners have attached great importance to the construction of more public transportation infrastructure (基础设施). (如今，城市规划者非常重视建设更多的公共交通基础设施。)”及下文“And it can promote good urban mobility (移动性) at the same time. (同时，它可以促进良好的城市交通移动性。”可知，空处应为更多的公共交通基础设施的影响，与B项“This emphasis aims to reduce the reliance on private vehicles. (这一重点旨在减少对私家车的依赖。)”上下文一致，符合文意。故选B项。 6 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$新高三毕业班·衔接讲义 专题 S310 七选五之说明文 暑假自习提升（全国通用） 内 容 提 要 考点速览 思维导图，把握考点框架 精讲精练 讲练结合，梳理关键考点 难点突破 突出重难点，全面提升能力 真题演练 感受真题，快速突破壁垒 一、说明文七选五核心特征 内容特征 聚焦方法步骤（如植物标本制作的 “收集 - 压制 - 标注” 流程）、科学原理（游泳对心肺功能的影响机制）、现象分析（极限运动社群文化的形成原因）等，以客观说明为核心，常通过举例、列数据等方式展开，如文档中 “国际旅行轻装打包” 主题，围绕 “规划服装 - 称重行李” 等具体步骤进行知识传递。 结构特征 多采用总分或总分总结构，首段开门见山点明主题（如 “急救知识” 首段定义基本急救），段落内主题句明确（如 “不要移动伤者” 为段落核心），逻辑链条清晰，便于通过设空位置快速定位句子功能。 语言特征 高频使用逻辑连接词（如 however 表转折、therefore 表因果），说明顺序严谨（时间顺序、因果关系），专业术语少且多配语境解释，如 “groundwater” 通过 “water under the ground” 辅助理解。 二、四大核心考点与解题细则 考点一：主旨概括句 解题细则 1. 段首句预判：需总领段落，与后文形成 “主题句 - 支撑细节” 结构，重点关注后文重复出现的名词（如 “community” 在极限运动段落中复现）； 2. 段尾句总结：需归纳上文核心，常含 “in short/thus” 等总结词，与段首主题句形成呼应； 3. 关键词匹配：选项关键词需覆盖段落核心话题，如段落围绕 “急救注意事项”，选项应含 “first aid”“precautions” 等词。 例题 文段： 30 The shared passion for these high-risk activities creates a strong sense of community. Extreme sports enthusiasts often gather... exchange experiences... support each other. 选项： A. Despite the risks, extreme sports also foster a unique sense of community. B. Participants can set their own goals and practice at their own pace. C. These sports demand a combination of physical strength and mental toughness. 解析：后文多次出现 “community”，且论述社群文化，A 选项以 “Despite the risks” 衔接上文风险话题，“foster a unique sense of community” 精准概括段落核心，B “goals” 和 C “physical strength” 与段落主题无关，排除。 考点二：过度衔接句 解题细则 1. 逻辑词定位：关注上下文的 “but/so/meanwhile” 等词，选项需匹配逻辑关系（如转折、因果）； 2. 承上启下：前半句总结上文（如 “急救需专业帮助”），后半句引出下文（如 “注意事项”）； 3. 关键词复现：选项含上下文共享词汇（如 “first aid” 在急救段落中复现）。 例题 文段： Basic first aid allows you to determine a person’s condition... You should seek professional help. 36 Do not move the person. Moving someone with spinal cord damage may increase paralysis risk. 选项： A. But be sure to be aware of the following life-saving tips. B. It could harm them even more unless they are in immediate danger. C. Never, ever put yourself in danger when providing first aid. 解析：前文强调 “寻求专业帮助”，后文列举 “不移动伤者” 等注意事项，A 选项以 “But” 转折，“following life-saving tips” 引出下文，B “harm them” 和 C “put yourself in danger” 与上下文逻辑衔接不紧密，排除。 考点三：细节支撑句 解题细则 1. 段落逻辑分析：明确段落结构为 “观点 - 解释”“主题 - 例子”，选项需充当论据； 2. 因果 / 例证关系：若前文为 “禁止复位骨折”，选项应解释原因（如 “复位风险”）； 3. 就近匹配：选项与前后句共享关键词（如 “reset a broken bone” 与 “making things worse” 形成因果）。 例题 文段： Never try to reset a broken bone. 39 Resetting runs a strong risk of making things worse. Only doctors are qualified. 选项： A. Remember, first aid is for emergency care, not professional treatment. B. This can help conquer the physical challenge and push mental boundaries. C. Even minor mistakes in resetting may lead to permanent damage. 解析：前文禁止复位，后文说明风险，C 选项 “minor mistakes... permanent damage” 具体解释风险，A “first aid” 偏离 “复位风险” 话题，B “mental boundaries” 与段落无关，排除。 考点四：结论概括句 解题细则 1. 总结性信号词：选项常含 “therefore/thus/in conclusion” 等词，或用 “also/another” 补充最后一点； 2. 主题呼应：与首段主题句形成闭环，如首段讲 “阅读食谱重要性”，末句应总结其好处； 3. 避免片面：排除仅概括部分内容的选项，需覆盖段落核心要点。 例题 文段： Reading a recipe from start to finish is crucial. This eliminates surprises... reviews ingredients... 69. It also gives you a sense of the cooking mechanics, improving skills. 选项： A. So take time to read thoroughly before starting to cook. B. Recommended cooking times are just estimates, so rely on your tests. C. This preparation ensures you understand the steps and avoid mistakes. 解析：前文论述阅读食谱的好处（避免意外、回顾食材），C 选项 “preparation ensures... avoid mistakes” 总结上文，A “take time to read” 为建议而非总结，B “cooking times” 偏离段落核心，排除。 三、解题步骤与细则扩展 （一）通读全文，把握大意  30 秒速览操作： 1. 标题定位：如标题 “How to Pack Light for Your International Trip?” 直接锁定 “国际旅行轻装打包” 主题，预判文章围绕打包方法展开； 2. 首尾段精读：首段若出现 “Here are four tips to keep in mind...”，可确定全文为 “总 — 分” 结构，末段常总结方法意义（如 “轻装让旅行更自由”）； 3. 段首句扫读：标记各段首句关键词，如 “Plan outfits...”“Weigh your packed bags...”，快速梳理段落功能（规划服装、称重行李等）。  结构预判示例： 若首段为 “Basic first aid refers to the initial process... Here are key things to remember.”，可预判后文分点说明急救注意事项，形成 “定义 — 分述” 结构。 （二）看设空位置，预判功能  段首句（90% 主题句）： o 例：设空在 “31. Planning outfits instead of items is the solution to overpacking.” 段首，需选含 “outfit planning” 或同义表达的选项，如 “Start by organizing your wardrobe by daily activities”。  段中句（60% 过渡句 / 30% 细节支撑句 / 10% 例子）： o 过渡句：设空在 “Seek professional help. 36. Do not move the person...” 中间，需选承上启下句，如 “But first aid also requires knowing what NOT to do”； o 细节支撑句：设空在 “Never reset a broken bone. 39. Resetting may worsen injuries.” 中间，需解释原因，如 “Even minor misalignment can cause permanent damage”。  段尾句（80% 总结句 / 20% 过渡句）： o 总结句：设空在 “Read the whole recipe... This helps avoid surprises. 69.” 段尾，需总结好处，如 “Thus, thorough reading ensures cooking success”； o 过渡句：设空在 “Swimming builds muscles... 23. Next, let’s explore its impact on heart health.” 段尾，需引出下段，如 “Beyond muscles, swimming benefits the cardiovascular system”。 （三）圈画关键词，找呼应  名词优先标记： o 专有名词：在 “veterinary clinic” 段落中，圈出 “cat food”“library” 等词，选项若含 “vet”“books” 可优先匹配； o 主题名词：在 “extreme sports” 段落中，反复出现 “community”“enthusiasts”，选项需含 “group”“members” 等同义词。  逻辑词标记符号： o △转折词：在 “But 30, extreme sports foster community” 中，标记 “but”，选项需含转折逻辑，如 “Despite the dangers”； o ○举例词：在 “Plan outfits, 32. For example, re - wear pants” 中，标记 “for example”，选项需含 “such as”“like” 等举例引导词。 （四）利用逻辑线索，筛选选项  并列关系： o 标志词：also, another, besides, furthermore o 示例：文段 “Reading a recipe eliminates surprises. 69. It also helps understand cooking steps.”，选项需含 “also”，如 “Additionally, it allows time to gather ingredients”。  转折关系： o 标志词：despite, however, nevertheless, while o 示例：文段 “Volunteering takes time. 7, it makes you feel fulfilled.”，选项需含 “however”，如 “However, the emotional rewards are worth it”。  因果关系： o 标志词：thus, so, therefore, as a result o 示例：文段 “Green buildings use solar panels. 35, they reduce energy costs.”，选项需含 “thus”，如 “Thus, they are economically beneficial in the long run”。 （五）代入检查  语义流畅性验证： o 例：设空处选 “Despite the risks, extreme sports build community” 后，连读后文 “The shared passion creates a strong sense of community...”，若语义连贯则正确；若选 “Extreme sports are dangerous”，则与后文 “community” 主题断裂，需排除。  语法一致性检查： o 时态：全文用过去时，选项不可出现 “plans”（现在时），需选 “planned”； o 单复数：前文 “tips” 为复数，选项需用 “they” 而非 “it” 指代，如 “They help avoid overpacking”。 四、难点突破策略 （一）长难句拆分法 实例： 长难句："Meira, a determined surfer who had overcome multiple setbacks like losing her mother and surviving a car accident, flew to Hawaii for an operation that was so successful that she eventually stood up, ________which inspired her to resume surfing and even compete in championships." • 拆分细则： 1. 主句：Meira flew to Hawaii for an operation（核心动作：去夏威夷做手术）； 2. 定语从句：that was so successful（修饰 “手术”，强调成功）； 3. 结果状语从句：that she eventually stood up（手术成功的结果）； 4. 非限制性定语从句：which inspired her to resume surfing（“站起来” 引发的后续行为）。 • 设空位置：在 “stood up” 之后 • 选项： A. This new ability inspired her to return to the sport she loved B. She decided to take a long break from all physical activities C. The doctors advised her against strenuous exercise post-operation • 解题应用：  拆分后可知，设空处需衔接 “重新冲浪” 的逻辑。A 选项中 “inspired” 与从句中的 “inspired” 原词复现，“return to the sport” 对应 “resume surfing”，形成精准呼应；  B 选项 “take a break” 与原文 “resume surfing” 语义矛盾；  C 选项 “doctors advised against” 虽符合医疗常识，但未提及 “surfing”，偏离长难句强调的 “激励重返运动” 核心。 （二）逻辑词突破法 实例： 文段逻辑： "Green buildings use solar panels, advanced insulation, and smart systems. They reduce energy consumption by 50% compared to traditional buildings. ____, the initial construction cost is higher, but the long-term savings are significant." • 逻辑分析： 前文强调节能优势，后文指出 “初期成本高但长期省钱”，前后为转折关系，需含转折逻辑词。 • 选项： A. However, the long-term benefits outweigh the upfront expenses B. Therefore, they are too expensive for most developers C. Additionally, governments offer tax incentives for green buildings • 解题应用：  A 选项 “However” 表转折，“long-term benefits” 呼应后文 “long-term savings”，逻辑与语义双重匹配；  B 选项 “Therefore” 表因果，与 “成本高” 的后文无法构成转折，且 “too expensive” 过度推断；  C 选项 “Additionally” 表并列，偏离 “优势 — 劣势” 的转折结构，且 “tax incentives” 原文未提及。 （三）关键词复现法 实例： 文段片段： "Studies show skin color affects wearable device data. Darker skin may cause inaccuracies in blood oxygen readings. Researchers tested devices on different skin tones, finding significant differences. ____. This discovery highlights the need for more inclusive device design." • 关键词分析：  核心名词：skin color, wearable device, inaccuracies, skin tones；  动词：affects, tested, highlights。 • 选项： A. The findings indicate that skin tone is a crucial factor in device accuracy B. Wearable devices have revolutionized personal health monitoring C. Light-skinned individuals often have more reliable readings • 解题应用：  A 选项 “findings” 复现 “studies/researchers”，“skin tone” 复现 “skin color/skin tones”，“device accuracy” 复现 “inaccuracies”，实现关键词全方位复现；  B 选项未提及 “skin color”，偏离文段核心主题；  C 选项仅聚焦 “light-skinned”，未覆盖 “肤色影响设备数据” 的整体论述，属于以偏概全。 （四）上下文逻辑链构建法 实例： 文段结构： 1. 首段：介绍极限运动的风险与吸引力； 2. 中段：" The shared passion creates a strong sense of community. Enthusiasts gather, exchange experiences, and support each other." 3. 尾段：总结社群文化的意义。 • 逻辑链需求：衔接 “风险” 与 “社群文化”，形成 “转折 — 主题 — 支撑” 逻辑。 • 选项： A. Despite the dangers, extreme sports foster a unique sense of community B. Accidents are common in extreme sports due to carelessness C. Community support plays a vital role in reducing risks • 解题应用：  A 选项 “Despite the dangers” 承接首段风险论述，“foster community” 引出中段主题，与后文 “shared passion creates community” 形成因果逻辑，完整构建 “风险 — 转折 — 社群” 链条；  B 选项仅强调 “事故常见”，未衔接后文 “社群”，逻辑断裂；  C 选项虽提及 “community support”，但 “reducing risks” 与后文 “社群文化的意义” 无关，偏离段落核心。 （五）语法一致性验证法 实例： 文段片段： "Basic first aid allows you to quickly assess a situation. You should always seek professional help. ____. Do not move the person with spinal injuries." • 语法分析：  全文时态为一般现在时，设空处需保持时态一致；  后文 “do not move” 为祈使句，选项需与祈使句逻辑衔接。 • 选项： A. But remember these life-saving do’s and don’ts B. However, moving the person may worsen their condition C. The injured person was taken to the hospital immediately • 解题应用：  A 选项 “remember” 为一般现在时祈使动词，与后文 “do not move” 形成祈使句并列，语法与逻辑双重正确；  B 选项虽为现在时，但 “moving” 动名词结构与后文祈使句的动词原形结构不匹配；  C 选项 “was taken” 为过去时被动语态，与全文时态冲突，直接排除。 五、复习提升建议 1. 分题型刷题：每天练 2 篇，周一 / 三专练主旨题，周二 / 四专练过渡句题； 2. 逻辑词整理：制作 “七选五高频逻辑词表”，如转折（however/despite）、因果（thus/therefore）； 3. 错题归类：按 “主旨偏离 / 逻辑误判 / 关键词漏看” 分类记录，针对性强化； 4. 限时训练：每篇控制在 7-8 分钟内，用手机计时模拟考场压力。 真题速递 Passage 1 （2025·全国二卷·高考真题）Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? 1 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ●You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 2 ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. 3 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ● 4 Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 5 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A．Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B．Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C．Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D．Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E．For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F．You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. G．Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 【答案】1．B 2．G 3．E 4．C 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍家庭共同参与志愿活动带来的意外好处，包括感觉时间更充裕、促进身体健康、对青少年产生长远积极影响以及增进家庭互动等。 1．根据上文“Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? (你在寻找让家人团聚的方法吗？希望找到一个大人和小孩都能参与的爱好吗)”可知，此处以提问方式引出家庭共同活动的需求，空格处需给出解决方案。B选项“Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. (全家一起做志愿者可能正是你需要的)”中的“Volunteering as a family”直接回应“bring your family together”和“shared hobby”，引出下文对家庭志愿活动好处的具体说明，符合语境。故选B项。 2．根据段落主题句“You’ll feel like you have more time. (你会觉得自己有更多时间)”及上文“Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. (然而，研究发现，把时间投入到社区事业中实际上会让你觉得自己拥有更多时间)”可推知，设空处需解释“感觉时间更多”的原因。G选项“Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. (志愿活动让你感觉有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天)”中的“makes you feel capable”和“inspires you to make the most of each day”从心理层面解释了为何志愿活动会让人产生时间更充裕的感觉，与“feel like you have more time”形成因果关联。故选G项。 3．根据下文“Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. (华盛顿大学研究发现，55 岁及以上的成年人中，参与志愿服务的人群比同龄人拥有更优的记忆力，且能更长久地维持整体健康状态)”可知，本段聚焦志愿活动对成年人身体健康的益处。E选项“For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. (对成年人来说，志愿活动可以带来显著的身体健康益处)”中的“For adults”对应“adults 55 and older”，“physical health benefits”概括了“better memory”和“maintained overall health”，与本段的主题吻合。故选E项。 4．根据下文“Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect teen’s well-being in the years to come. (青少年时期参与志愿服务已被证实与一些重要的积极影响相关，例如成绩提升和自信心增强。这些影响并非只是短期的，而是已被证明会在未来数年持续影响青少年的身心健康)”可知，本段主题为志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。C选项“Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. (志愿活动对儿童和青少年有终身影响)”中的“lifelong effect”对应“affect teen’s well-being in the years to come”，“on kids and teenagers”覆盖段落讨论的年龄群体，符合段落主旨。故选C项。 5．根据上文“Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. (一起做志愿者的家庭有朝着共同目标努力的独特经历)”及下文“Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. (每个人都能带来独特的东西，并能以新的方式相互联系)”可推知，设空处需补充家庭志愿活动中成员间的具体互动。F选项“You may even learn that your kid has talent you didn’t know about before. (你甚至可能会发现你的孩子有你以前不知道的天赋)”中的“learn that your kid has talent”体现“Everyone brings something unique”，且“in a new way”对应“发现孩子未知天赋”的新颖体验，衔接上下文。故选F项。 Passage 2 （2025·浙江·高考真题）One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much. 1 There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn’t come across clearly. Being clear and brief — while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know — is a high-level communication skill. Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively. Keep your audience in mind. Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. 2 This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information. Don’t use ten words when one will do. Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 3 However, they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple. 4 If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills. Consider the best method to deliver your message. If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions. 5       Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort. A．Be patient. B．Get the audience involved. C．The best messages are often simple. D．Speak directly to what matters to them. E．You may be surprised by what your listeners offer. F．It will also give them a handy record to refer back to. G．As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. G 4. B 5. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些更有效地进行沟通的技巧。 1. 上文“One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much.(沟通中最常见的错误之一就是试图做得太多)”指出“做得太多”是沟通中易犯的错误，C选项“The best messages are often simple.(最好的信息往往是简单的)”承接上文，明确正确沟通方法，即不要“做得太多”，要避免复杂，追求简单，句中“simple”与上文“too much”形成对比。故选C项。 2. 上文“Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests.(当你根据受众的兴趣来调整你的沟通内容时，他们自然会更感兴趣、更投入)”强调要迎合受众兴趣，D选项“Speak directly to what matters to them.(直接谈论对他们重要的事情)”进一步说明了具体做法，即直接针对受众关心的事情进行交流，与上文逻辑一致。故选D项。 3. 下文“However, they’re hearing it for the first time.(然而，他们是第一次听到这些)”与设空句之间是转折关系。G选项“As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say.(作为演讲者，你已经知道你要说什么了)”与下文构成转折，演讲者自己熟悉内容，但听众是初次接触，同时，句中“what you’re going to say”与下文中指示代词“it”构成指代关系，上下文逻辑连贯。故选G项。 4. 下文“If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others.(如果你曾经当过导师、经理、培训师或教练，你就会知道，没有比教别人更好的学习新信息的方法了。让听众贡献他们的想法，或者让他们扮演向他人解释新概念和政策的角色)”建议让受众参与其中，B选项“Get the audience involved.(让受众参与进来)”能概括这部分内容，适合作段首小标题。故选B项。 5. 上文“If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions.(如果你传达的信息不紧急，考虑发电子邮件。书面沟通会给你的受众更多时间来复习、思考，并跟进提问)”说明了发邮件这种书面沟通的好处，F选项“It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.(它还会给他们提供一个方便查阅的记录)”进一步补充了发邮件的另一个好处，与上文逻辑紧密。故选F项。 名校模拟 Passage 3 （2025·山东·模拟预测）It has long been known that sleep also plays a significant role in physical and emotional health. Now, researchers from the University of South Australia have published a new study in the Journal of Neuroscience. 1 This is good news for anyone who wants to study a foreign language. According to a blog on Everywhere English, there are two phases that the brain cycles through when sleeping. 2 During this phase, which usually happens about an hour and a half after a person has fallen asleep, brain activity is high and shows levels that are similar to when that person is awake. This is when dreams occur. In non-REM sleep, brain activity is low. 3 But in fact, the researchers from the University of South Australia found that just the opposite is true. According to a University of South Australia press release, the researchers conducted an experiment with 35 native English speakers. Half of the students learned the language in the morning and then went on with their days. 4 This way the researchers could record their brainwaves. Both groups were tested on their knowledge in the morning. The group that had slept soon after they studied performed significantly better than those who had not. “ 5 It’s an active, transformative state for the brain,” Dr. Scott Cousins, a researcher at the University of South Australia, said in the press release. A．Sleep is not just restful. B．The first is called REM sleep. C．Is sleep help you learn language? D．If you are active, you’ll have a good memory. E．It investigates the way sleep helps people learn language. F．But the other half studied in the evening and then slept at the lab. G．One may think that memory and learning are gained when the brain is active. 【答案】1. E 2. B 3. G 4. F 5. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文通过南澳大利亚大学的研究，揭示了睡眠在语言学习中的关键作用，指出睡眠的REM阶段并非被动休息，而是大脑主动巩固记忆的过程，并通过实验证明睡前学习结合睡眠能显著提升语言学习效果。 1. 前文提到“Now, researchers from the University of South Australia have published a new study in the Journal of Neuroscience.(现在，来自南澳大利亚大学的研究人员在《神经科学杂志》上发表了一项新研究。)”以及后文“This is good news for anyone who wants to study a foreign language.(这对任何想学外语的人来说都是个好消息。)”说明此处需要填入一个研究内容于语言学习相关的选项。E项“It investigates the way sleep helps people learn language.(该研究阐述了睡眠如何帮助语言学习)”该项提到了研究的内容，即睡眠对于人们语言学习方式的帮助，起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选E。 2. 前文提到“According to a blog on Everywhere English, there are two phases that the brain cycles through when sleeping. (根据Everywhere English的一篇博客，睡眠时大脑会经历两个阶段。)”由此判断，该段介绍了睡眠的两个阶段，后文中“this phase(这个阶段)”应指代第一个阶段，并描述其特点。B项“The first is called REM sleep.(第一个阶段是REM睡眠阶段)”与后文衔接自然，起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选B。 3. 后文提到“But in fact, the researchers from the University of South Australia found that just the opposite is true.(但事实上，南澳大学的研究人员发现，事实恰恰相反。)”后文提到“事实恰恰相反”，需先引出大众普遍认为的某一观点，与该句形成对比。G项“One may think that memory and learning are gained when the brain is active.(人们可能会认为记忆和学习是在大脑活跃的时候获得的。)”该项与后文形成转折，逻辑合理，符合文意。故选G。 4. 前文提到“Half of the students learned the language in the morning and then went on with their days.(一半的学生在早上学习语言，然后继续他们的日常活动。)”第四段提到分组实验，前文提到“一半学生早上学习”，空处则需填入另一半的对比情况。F项“But the other half studied in the evening and then slept at the lab.(而另一半则在晚上学习，然后在实验室睡觉。)”该项与前文形成完整对照，符合实验设计描述。故选F。 5. 后文提到“It’s an active, transformative state for the brain(对大脑来说，这是一种活跃的、变革的状态。)”该段强调“睡眠是大脑的主动转化状态”，空处需填入对睡眠本质的总结。A项“Sleep is not just restful.(睡眠不仅是休息)”直接呼应后文，点明该段核心观点。符合文意。故选A。 Passage 4 （2025·北京东城·一模）Voice notes are a highly divisive medium of communication. There are those,like me, who enjoy both leaving and listening to them; and then there are those who dislike them and feel very strongly about that. 1 A poll found that 62% of Americans have sent voice notes, and about 30% communicate this way on a regular basis. But even the voice note lovers among us have our limits. All of us know a voice note bore. And it is time to establish some ground rules. The first rule: only ever leave voice notes for someone that you are confident likes you. 2 It is also somewhat self-indulgent (我行我素)．While a spot of self-indulgence can be healthy, it is unreasonable to expect someone who dislikes you to indulge you. Never give complicated instructions in a voice note. 3 If you end up leaving a long voice note that contains a mixture of key information and other bits, follow it up with a text that gives the other person the important stuff, so they're not forced to listen straight away. 4 Leaving a voice note that is under 10 seconds long-unless you are funny or the other person likes you-is annoying. Type it out instead. Follow the other person's cues. If they are responding to your eight-minute specials with one-minute voice messages, take the hint. Also, if your message is longer than about four minutes, you should be open to the possibility that the other person is going to take a long time to listen and respond. If your message is upwards of 10 minutes, they might never listen to it. 5 All you need do, really, is remember to use a bit of common sense. Modern innovations need not negate good old-fashioned manners. A．Be at peace with that. B．Be responsive and informative. C．You need not keep your messages too short. D．It seems the haters are losing the battle, though. E．A voice note is a demand on someone else's time. F．It suggests limiting voice notes to less than two minutes. G．These should be typed out so the other person can refer back. 【答案】1. D 2. E 3. G 4. C 5. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了语音消息的现状及使用的一些规则。 1. 由上文“There are those, like me, who enjoy both leaving and listening to them; and then there are those who dislike them and feel very strongly about that.(有些人，比如我，既喜欢发语音也喜欢听语音；然后还有那些非常不喜欢语音的人)”可知，本空要说跟人们对语音信息的不同态度有关的话题，D选项“It seems the haters are losing the battle, though.(然而，似乎那些讨厌语音信息的人正在输掉这场战斗)”承接上文，符合题意，haters呼应上文的those who dislike them。故选D。 2. 由上文“The first rule: only ever leave voice notes for someone that you are confident likes you.(第一条规则：只给你确信喜欢你的人发语音信息)”可知，本空要说跟发语音信息有关的话题，E选项“A voice note is a demand on someone else's time.(语音信息是对别人时间的一种占用)”承接上文，解释了为什么要只给喜欢自己的人发语音信息，符合题意。故选E。 3. 由上文“Never give complicated instructions in a voice note.(永远不要在语音信息中给出复杂的指示)”可知，本空要说跟不要在语音信息中给出复杂指示有关的话题，G选项“These should be typed out so the other person can refer back.(这些应该打出来，以便对方可以回头参考)”承接上文，对上文进行了进一步解释，these指代complicated instructions。故选G。 4. 由下文“Leaving a voice note that is under 10 seconds long-unless you are funny or the other person likes you-is annoying. Type it out instead.(除非你有趣或者对方喜欢你，否则留下一条不到10秒的语音信息是令人讨厌的。相反，把它打出来)”可知，本空要说跟语音信息时长有关的话题，C选项“You need not keep your messages too short.(你不必把信息留得太短)”引出下文，符合题意，下文是对该选项的进一步说明。故选C。 5. 由上文“If your message is upwards of 10 minutes, they might never listen to it.(如果你的信息超过10分钟，他们可能永远不会听)”可知，本空要说跟对方不听长语音信息有关的话题，A选项“Be at peace with that.(平静地接受这一点吧)”承接上文，符合题意，that指代上文提到的对方可能不听长语音信息的情况。故选A。 Passage 5 （2025·湖南邵阳·二模）Mental resilience (韧性) has become a vital skill in today’s fast-paced world. 1 Research indicates that individuals with high resilience levels are 35 % more likely to maintain mental health during long-term stress. Let’s explore scientific ally proven methods to strengthen this ability. The Main Idea Explained Resilience is not about reducing stress but managing it effectively. Emerging neurobiological evidence sheds light on this positively adaptive process. 2 Neuroscientists (神经学家) compare it to muscle training: facing proper challenged regularly improved mental ability to adjust. For instance, A 2023 Harvard study showed that proper stress increased brain thickness in areas related to making decisions. Physical Activity as a Foundation Exercise is universally recognized as a key resilience-building tool. During aerobic workouts, the body producers BDNF (脑源性神经营养因子), a protein important for brain development. 3 Meanwhile, this chemical process not only improved mood but also strengthens mental abilities. To maximize benefits, experts suggest combining 30 minutes of daily exercise with relaxation methods such as deep breathing. The Power of Social Bonds Human beings succeed through meaningful connections. Strong social networks act as psychological safety nets during c rises. 4 A Stanford University study over many years found that people with strong social support recovered 50 % faster from emotional difficulties than those who were isolated. Surprisingly, online communication through video calls was 80 % as effective as face-to-face meetings in recent tests. Methods to Change Negative Thoughts How we view difficulties shapes our mental resilience. Psychologists suggest changing extreme negative ideas like “I can’t handle this” into positive views such as “This is hard but possible.” 2022 study found that daily gratitude practice lowers stress hormones by 25 % in three weeks. 5 A．Therefore, building strong connections should be a key goal. B．Creative activities like painting unexpectedly better stress tolerance. C．Workplace culture significantly impacts employees’ stress management. D．This natural process helps maintain stable emotions and enhanced clear thinking. E．Moreover, actively noticing small daily successes helps develop positive thinking. F．This psychological training strengthens the brain’s ability to handle future challengers. G．It refers to the ability to recover from difficulties while keeping basic operations running. 【答案】1. G 2. F 3. D 4. A 5. E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在当今快节奏的世界中，心理韧性已成为一项至关重要的技能，并探讨了科学证实的增强心理韧性的方法，包括正确理解韧性、进行体育活动、建立社会联系以及改变消极想法等。 1. 根据上文“Mental resilience (韧性) has become a vital skill in today’s fast-paced world. (心理韧性在当今快节奏的世界中已成为一项至关重要的技能)”以及下文“Research indicates that individuals with high resilience levels are 35 % more likely to maintain mental health during long-term stress. (研究表明，具有高韧性水平的人在长期压力下保持心理健康的可能性要高出 35%)”可知上文提到了“心理韧性”，下文说的是“心理韧性”的重要性，可推理出空白处需要对“心理韧性”这一概念进行解释说明，与G项“It refers to the ability to recover from difficulties while keeping basic operations running. (它指的是在保持基本功能正常运行的同时从困难中恢复的能力)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。 2. 根据上文“Resilience is not about reducing stress but managing it effectively. Emerging neurobiological evidence sheds light on this positively adaptive process. (韧性不是减少压力，而是有效地管理压力。新出现的神经生物学证据揭示了这一积极的适应过程)”以及下文“Neuroscientists (神经学家) compare it to muscle training: facing proper challenged regularly improved mental ability to adjust. (神经学家将其比作肌肉训练：定期面对适当的挑战可以提高心理调节能力)”可知，这里阐述的是这种适应过程对大脑能力的积极影响，与F项“This psychological training strengthens the brain’s ability to handle future challengers. (这种心理训练增强了大脑处理未来挑战的能力)”表达的意思一致，故选F项。 3. 根据上文“During aerobic workouts, the body producers BDNF (脑源性神经营养因子), a protein important for brain development. (在有氧运动中，身体会产生脑源性神经营养因子，这是一种对大脑发育很重要的蛋白质)”以及下文“Meanwhile, this chemical process not only improved mood but also strengthens mental abilities. (同时，这个化学过程不仅改善了情绪，还增强了心理能力)”可知此处提到了产生脑源性神经营养因子这一自然过程，可推理出空白处应是在说产生脑源性神经营养因子这一自然过程对人的积极的作用，与D项“This natural process helps maintain stable emotions and enhanced clear thinking. (这个自然过程有助于保持稳定的情绪并增强清晰的思维)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。 4. 根据上文“Human beings succeed through meaningful connections. Strong social networks act as psychological safety nets during c rises. (人类通过有意义的联系取得成功。强大的社交网络在危机期间充当心理安全网。)”以及下文“A Stanford University study over many years found that people with strong social support recovered 50 % faster from emotional difficulties than those who were isolated. (斯坦福大学多年的一项研究发现，有强大社会支持的人比那些孤立无援的人从情感困难中恢复的速度要快50%)”可知有强大社会支持的人比那些孤立无援的人从情感困难中恢复的速度要快50%，可推理出此处应是在强调建立强大联系的重要性，与A项“Therefore, building strong connections should be a key goal. (因此，建立强大的联系应该是一个关键目标)”表达的意思一致，故选A项。 5. 根据上文“Psychologists suggest changing extreme negative ideas like “I can’t handle this” into positive views such as “This is hard but possible.” 2022 study found that daily gratitude practice lowers stress hormones by 25 % in three weeks (心理学家建议将“我无法处理这个问题”等极端消极想法转变为“这很难但有可能”等积极观点。2022年的一项研究发现，每天进行感恩练习可以在三周内将压力荷尔蒙降低 25%)”可知，此处应是在进一步说明培养积极思维的方法，与E项“Moreover, actively noticing small daily successes helps develop positive thinking. (此外，积极关注日常的小成功有助于培养积极的思维)”表达的含义一致，且“Moreover”进一步递进，符合语境，故选E项。 Passage 6 （2024·河南·一模）Players, in Project SEKAI a world where reality and digital fantasy intertwine, 1 . A Symphony of Taps: Engaging Rhythm Mechanics Project Sekai transforms familiar rhythm gameplay into an enthralling experience where precision and timing bring music to life. Adjustable difficulty settings ensure that both newcomers and seasoned players find their rhythm, challenging them to perfect performances and ascend the leaderboards. Interwoven Stories and Evolving Characters At the heart of Project Sekai lies its rich narrative depth, where characters—from virtual idols to vibrant human protagonists— 2 . Through fully voiced dialogues and interactive stories, players explore personal growth and friendships that evolve with each note sung. Exploring the Dual Dimensions of Hatsune Miku: Colorful Stage In the heart of Shibuya, Tokyo, the game unfolds, presenting a unique scenario where beloved virtual idols like Hatsune Miku exist only within the confines of fiction. Yet, these characters discover a gateway to “SEKAI”,a mysterious alternate reality that forms in response to human emotions. 3 This game sets players on a compelling quest alongside these virtual singers to navigate their complex worlds and unravel the truths hidden in their “true feelings.” Besides, the game pivots around a silent, melody-less song called “Untitled,” that mysteriously appears on various personal devices. 4 , transforming as players delve deeper into understanding and expressing their emotion. As they interact with the song, it gradually develops a melody, lyrics, and finally a name, mirroring the player's emotional journey. 5 ,challenging players to find balance and harmony between two worlds. A．bring their own dreams and dilemmas B．display a variety of emotions stirred from themselves C．It acts as a key to SEKAI D．immerse themselves in it with the rhythmic spotlight surrounded E．Each SEKAI manifests differently, reflecting the diverse emotional landscapes of those who access it F．embark on their captivating musical adventure G．It allows for a fluid movement between the tangible reality of Tokyo and the ethereal realms of SEKAI 【答案】1. F 2. A 3. E 4. C 5. G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了游戏《SEKAI计划》的相关内容。 1. 空前提到的是Project Sekai的世界背景，空后是介绍游戏玩法的段落，因此此处应为一种玩家与世界互动的方式。以及第二段小标题“A Symphony of Taps: Engaging Rhythm Mechanics(交响乐的熄灯号：引人入胜的节奏力学)”说明这是一个音乐相关的游戏，F项“embark on their captivating musical adventure(玩家们开始了他们迷人的音乐冒险)”该项提到通过这个游戏可以进行愉快的冒险，起到引出后文的作用。故选F。 2. 前文提到“At the heart of Project Sekai lies its rich narrative depth, where characters—from virtual idols to vibrant human protagonists(《世相计划》的核心在于其丰富的叙事深度，从虚拟偶像到充满活力的人类主角，其中的角色。)”空前为角色的介绍，强调角色的多样性和丰富性。A项“bring their own dreams and dilemmas(带来了他们自己的梦想和困境)”符合对游戏角色功能性的介绍。 该项起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选A。 3. 前文提到“Yet, these characters discover a gateway to “SEKAI”,a mysterious alternate reality that forms in response to human emotions.(然而，这些角色发现了通往“SEKAI”的大门，这是一个神秘的替代现实，是对人类情感的反应。)”空前讲述了游戏中虚拟偶像存在的交错现实和虚构情境，E项“Each SEKAI manifests differently, reflecting the diverse emotional landscapes of those who access it(每个SEKAI的表现各不相同，反映了访问者不同的情感景观)”该项提到了游戏体验因人而异，与上文相符。 故选E。 4. 前文提到“Besides, the game pivots around a silent, melody-less song called “Untitled,” that mysteriously appears on various personal devices.(此外，游戏围绕着一首名为“Untitled”的无声无旋律歌曲展开，这首歌神秘地出现在各种个人设备上。)”该段提到了游戏中的音乐，这首歌曲在游戏中也起着十分重要的作用。C项“It acts as a key to SEKAI(它作为SEKAI的钥匙)”起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选C。 5. 前文提到“As they interact with the song, it gradually develops a melody, lyrics, and finally a name, mirroring the player's emotional journey.(当他们与歌曲互动时，歌曲会逐渐形成旋律、歌词，最后是一个名字，反映出玩家的情感历程。)”以及后文提到“challenging players to find balance and harmony between two worlds.(挑战玩家在两个世界之间找到平衡与和谐)”空前后的内容提及玩家在两个世界间的探索及文化交融，G项“It allows for a fluid movement between the tangible reality of Tokyo and the ethereal realms of SEKAI(它允许在东京的现实和SEKAI的超凡领域之间的流畅移动)”该项提到可以在现实和虚拟世界之间转换。该项起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选G。 Passage 7 （2024·全国·模拟预测）Are all the emails and social media notifications making you anxious or getting you down? Is having to learn yet another new piece of software stressing you out? Are the boundaries between family life and work life unclear because of technology? 1 The term is used to describe the negative psychological effect that using new technologies can have. Though many people may not be familiar with technostress, they probably are familiar with the feelings of having too much technology in their lives. Technostress can be broken down into a few subcategories including techno-overload, techno-complexity and techno-invasion. 2 Technostress may make people feel down or burned-out and even suffer from depression. Some may feel tension in the body, which can lead to headaches and back pain. 3 That is why dealing with technostress is vital to overall health. 4 Acknowledge that it’s a sign of strength and courage to recognize a mental health challenge and take steps to manage it. Experts encourage people struggling with technostress to take steps in the workplace to get involved in how technology may be used. Taking time each day to get outside is also a great way. By all accounts, there’s almost nothing that aids in stress management so much as a few hours spent in the park, the woods or the mountains. 5 Hours spent on the computer may be perceived as stressful but the stressors can be seen as more bearable if on this day one can look forward to a walk in nature. Just go outside and nature never disappoints. A．All of them can have significant effects on health. B．It’s not a medical problem but can lead to diseases. C．Such time is one ready resource available to most people. D．In the connected world, most people continuously multitask. E．You may be experiencing a phenomenon known as technostress. F．Engaging in activities that are grounding and centering is helpful. G．The first thing to do is to accept that it’s normal to have stress from technology. 【答案】1. E 2. A 3. B 4. G 5. C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了技术压力这一现象，以及如何通过一些策略来应对技术压力。语篇鼓励考生正确处理生活中的问题，关注身心健康。 1. 空前“Are all the emails and social media notifications making you anxious or getting you down? Is having to learn yet another new piece of software stressing you out? Are the boundaries between family life and work life unclear because of technology?(所有的电子邮件和社交媒体通知是否让你感到焦虑或沮丧？不得不学习另一款新软件会让你感到压力吗？由于科技的发展，家庭生活和工作生活之间的界限变得模糊了吗？)”通过三个并列问句描述技术影响人们的场景；空后“The term is used to describe the negative psychological effect that using new technologies can have.(这个词用来描述使用新技术可能产生的负面心理影响。)”提到这个术语的影响。所以空处内容应是对三个场景的解释或拓展，且涉及一个术语，使The term有所指，E项“你可能正在经历一种被称为技术压 力的现象”能概括上述问题，且technostress与The term呼应。故选E项。 2. 空前“Technostress can be broken down into a few subcategories including techno-overload, techno-complexity and techno-invasion.(技术压力可以分为几个子类，包括技术超载、技术复杂性和技术入侵。)”提到了技术压力的几种子类别，故空处内容应涉及这些子类别。对比选项可知，A项中的“All of them”可承接上文，指代“techno-overload, techno-complexity and techno-invasion”，所以A选项“所有这些都会对健康产生重大影响。”起到承上启下作用。故选A项。 3. 空前“Some may feel tension in the body, which can lead to headaches and back pain.(有些人可能会感到身体紧张，这会导致头痛和背痛。)”提到了技术压力可能产生的一些问题。空后“That is why dealing with technostress is vital to overall health.(这就是为什么应对技术压力对整体健康至关重要。)”提到了应对技术压力的重要性。前后内容都与技术压力对健康的影响有关，所以空处也应围绕这一内容展开。B项“这不是一个医学问题，但可能导致疾病”总结了空前的描述，并引出空后处理技术压力的重要性。故选B项。 4. 空后“Acknowledge that it’s a sign of strength and courage to recognize a mental health challenge and take steps to manage it. Experts encourage people struggling with technostress to take steps in the workplace to get involved in how technology may be used.(承认这是一种力量和勇气的标志，认识到心理健康的挑战，并采取措施来管理它。专家们鼓励那些与技术压力作斗争的人在工作场所采取措施，了解如何使用技术。)”提到了对待技术压力的态度，是所有G项“首先要做的是接受有技术压力是正常的”能概括下文内容，符合语境。故选G项。 5. 空前“Taking time each day to get outside is also a great way. By all accounts, there’s almost nothing that aids in stress management so much as a few hours spent in the park, the woods or the mountains.(每天花点时间出去走走也是一个很好的方法。大家都说，几乎没有什么比在公园、树林或山上呆上几个小时更能帮助管理压力了。)”提到了花点时间出去走走，所以C项“对大多数人来说，这样的时间是现成的资源。”能承接上文，且Such time与空前的a few hours spent in the park，the woods or the mountains呼应。故选C项。 Passage 8 （2024·贵州黔南·一模）In a world where screens often blur (模糊) the line between reality and representation, taking care of your emotional well-being is key to avoiding destructive thoughts and unnecessary comparisons. 1 ● Encourage authenticity Getting rid of virtual masks and showing authentic aspects of your life are among the first steps to a healthier online presence. Revealing imperfections creates a real connection with your audience. So, the first tip is to show yourself as you are. ● Promote body positivity Remember that it’s okay to edit your photos or videos a bit if it makes you feel more confident. Avoid drastically changing your appearance using artificial intelligence tools. 2 . Therefore, try to highlight your natural beauty. ● 3 Don’t fall into the trap of comparing yourself to unrealistic standards when editing your images. Comparing yourself to others can negatively affect your confidence and emotional well-being. Give importance to your personal accomplishments and celebrate your authenticity rather than seeking recognition through outward appearance. ● Share valuable content If you want to have a positive social media presence, think twice before posting the image you just edited. 4 . But you shouldn’t depend on them. Share inspiration, motivation, and personal goals to foster a positive environment. 5 . A study in Applied Psychology suggested that people who are exposed to negative news and images on the Internet are at an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. A．Avoid social comparisons B．Focus on inner feelings C．Keep in mind that AI tools can be great helpers D．That keeps you better connected with your audience E．Honest representation contributes to a more positive body image for you F．Here are some recommendations when editing images for your social networks G．On the whole, never underestimate the power of the things you post on social media 【答案】1. F 2. E 3. A 4. C 5. G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在社交网络编辑和分享图片的一些建议。 1. 根据上文“In a world where screens often blur ( 模糊 ) the line between reality and representation, taking care of your emotional well-being is key to avoiding destructive thoughts and unnecessary comparisons.(在一个屏幕经常模糊现实和表现之间界限的世界里，照顾好你的情绪健康是避免破坏性想法和不必要比较的关键。)”并结合下文各段给出的关于编辑图片的建议可知，空格处的句子应该是一个引领句，引出下文的建议，所以F项“Here are some recommendations when editing images for your social networks(在为你的社交网络编辑图片时，这里有一些建议)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选F项。 2. 根据上文的句子“Remember that it’s okay to edit your photos or videos a bit if it makes you feel more confident. Avoid drastically changing your appearance using artificial intelligence tools.(记住，如果能让你感觉更自信，可以稍微编辑一下你的照片或视频。避免使用人工智能工具大幅改变你的外表。)”可知，作者建议不要大幅编辑自己的照片，下文应该接着说这样做的好处，所以E项“Honest representation contributes to a more positive body image for you(诚实的展示有助于给你一个更积极的身体形象)”填入空格处，符合语境。且E项与下文的句子“Therefore, try to highlight your natural beauty.(因此，尽量突出你的自然美。)”是顺接关系。故选E项。 3. 空格处是该部分的主题句。根据下文的内容“Don’t fall into the trap of comparing yourself to unrealistic standards when editing your images. Comparing yourself to others can negatively affect your confidence and emotional well-being. Give importance to your personal accomplishments and celebrate your authenticity rather than seeking recognition through outward appearance.(在编辑图像时，不要陷入将自己与不切实际的标准进行比较的陷阱。把自己和别人比较会对你的自信和情绪健康产生负面影响。重视你的个人成就，庆祝你的真实，而不是通过外表寻求认可。)”可知，此处作者主要是建议不要把自己和别人比较，不要通过外表寻求认可。所以，A项“Avoid social comparisons(避免社会比较)”填入空格处，可以作为该部分的主题句，符合语境。故选A项。 4. 根据空格后的句子“But you shouldn’t depend on them.(但是你不应该依赖它们。)”可推知，空格处应该提到不应该依赖的东西是什么，并且这些东西应该是有用的，所以C项“Keep in mind that AI tools can be great helpers(请记住，人工智能工具可以是很好的帮手)”填入空格处，符合语境。下文的them代指C项中的AI tools。故选C项。 5. 根据空格后的例子“A study in Applied Psychology suggested that people who are exposed to negative news and images on the Internet are at an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.(《应用心理学》上的一项研究表明，在互联网上接触负面新闻和图片的人患抑郁症、焦虑症和创伤后应激障碍的风险更高。)”可知，空格处的句子应该是强调社交媒体的影响力之大。所以G项“On the whole, never underestimate the power of the things you post on social media(总的来说，永远不要低估你在社交媒体上发布的东西的力量)”填入空格处，符合语境。故选G项。 Passage 9 （24-25高三上·湖北·阶段练习）Whether you like it or not, fall is here. Soon the weather will get colder. The leaves will die and the nights will stretch longer than the days. Another year is dying; that’s just how it goes. Studies suggest that if you are deeply preoccupied with your thoughts, in the autumn, you may be at more risk for depression in the winter. Changing the clocks in the fall is associated with depressive episodes (changing them back in spring is not). 1 Psychologists say that the feelings that often crop up in autumn come from our discomfort with change, and an anxiety and uncertainty about what that change will bring. 2 And of these things the anxiety, the promise and even the careful thoughts — make it the ideal season to build resilience and practice mindfulness. Psychologists have also found that the thought of change, the ending of one thing, the beginning of another, and perhaps our own mortality, underlies a great deal of anxiety. Some of us struggle with “intolerance of uncertainty,” more than others. But intolerance of uncertainty is a part of being human; everyone has it on some level. 3 One way to build tolerance is to lean into it — to cultivate uncertainty rather than running away from it. 4 Quietly sit on a park bench and watch a tree drop its leaves, for instance, examine the roses in the garden that need pruning ... in such moments, it’s important to stop thinking, analyzing, or having internal conversations about work or troubles or even whatever you are witnessing. Autumn will probably hold some whisper of decay and mortality. 5 If you are always trying to avoid difficult feelings, you might end up also cutting yourself off from love, richness and sweetness. Dr. Wilson said, “this is how life is: sweet and sad, poured from the same vessel in equal measure.” A．And it is changeable. B．But it is not that bad. C．But embracing that sadness is important. D．More recently, it’s become a time to appreciate our surroundings. E．Fall also brings with it bright, briskdays, pumpkin patches and cozy sweaters. F．It is no wonder that the season has so many celebrations to attempt to keep our spirits up. G．Another strategy experts suggest for soothing anxiety is to step back and simply observe the world around you. 【答案】1. F 2. B 3. A 4. G 5. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了秋天会出现的情绪波动甚至抑郁，并提出了一些调整方法。 1. 根据上文“Studies suggest that if you are deeply preoccupied with your thoughts, in the autumn, you may be at more risk for depression in the winter. Changing the clocks in the fall is associated with depressive episodes (changing them back in spring is not).(研究表明，如果你在秋天被自己的想法深深占据，那么你在冬天患抑郁症的风险可能更大。在秋天调时钟与抑郁发作有关（在春天调时钟则不然）。)”可知，上文解释了选项发生的原因。故F选项“难怪这个季节有这么多的庆祝活动试图让我们振作起来。”切题。故选F项。 2. 根据上文“Psychologists say that the feelings that often crop up in autumn come from our discomfort with change, and an anxiety and uncertainty about what that change will bring.(心理学家说，秋天经常出现的感觉来自于我们对变化的不适，以及对变化会带来什么的焦虑和不确定。)”和下文“And of these things the anxiety, the promise and even the careful thoughts— make it the ideal season to build resilience and practice mindfulness.(焦虑，承诺，甚至是仔细的思考，这些都使它成为建立适应力和练习正念的理想季节。)”可知，选项与上文为转折关系且承接下文说明情况也没有那么糟糕。故B选项“但也没那么糟糕。”切题。故选B项。 3. 根据上文“But intolerance of uncertainty is a part of being human; everyone has it on some level.(但不能容忍不确定性是人类的一部分；每个人在某种程度上都有这种感觉。)”和下文“One way to build tolerance is to lean into it— to cultivate uncertainty rather than running away from it.(培养宽容的一种方法是向宽容靠拢——培养不确定性，而不是逃避不确定性。)”可知，选项承接上下文说明上文情况具有变化性。changeable呼应uncertainty。故A选项“而且它是多变的”切题。故选A项。 4. 根据下文“Quietly sit on a park bench and watch a tree drop its leaves, for instance, examine the roses in the garden that need pruning ... in such moments, it’s important to stop thinking, analyzing, or having internal conversations about work or troubles or even whatever you are witnessing.(比如，静静地坐在公园的长椅上，看着一棵树落叶，审视花园里需要修剪的玫瑰……在这样的时刻，重要的是停止思考，分析，或对工作或麻烦甚至你所目睹的任何事情进行内心对话。)”可知，本段主要在说缓解焦虑的策略是退后一步，简单地观察你周围的世界。故G选项“专家建议的另一个缓解焦虑的策略是退后一步，简单地观察你周围的世界。”切题。故选G项。 5. 根据下文“If you are always trying to avoid difficult feelings, you might end up also cutting yourself off from love, richness and sweetness.(如果你总是试图避免困难的感觉，你可能最终也切断了自己与爱，丰富和甜蜜的联系。)”可知，不能逃避悲伤而是要拥抱悲伤。故C选项“但拥抱悲伤是很重要的”切题，承接下文。故选C项。 Passage 10 （24-25高三上·广东深圳·阶段练习）Public transportation is not fully used across the globe, even if good transport systems are in place. 1 There are three primary reasons listed below, which all can be solved by good urban planning. 2 For example, in Barcelona, 30% of daily trips are carried out by public transport. In contrast, in Atlanta, this figure drops to 4%. Since Barcelona is 30 times denser(更密集的) than Atlanta, it is easier to provide reliable public transport services. Accessibility is another key factor in public transportation usage. In a comparison of three international cities, though one of them has the highest population density, its public transport use is less than the other two cities. 3 Walkability is also a major component that matters. Studies show that well- maintained and safe streets encourage people to use public transportation. 4 By contrast, narrow or poorly- maintained sidewalks, and fewer trees make streets less walkable. It is in these types of urban environments that people are significantly less likely to use public transport, even if it is only 100 meters away from their homes. Nowadays, city planners have attached great importance to the construction of more public transportation infrastructure (基础设施). 5 And it can promote good urban mobility (移动性) at the same time. However, urban planners should also understand that factors related to the urban fabric (结构) also impact if and how public transport is used. So efforts should also be devoted to improving public environments to encourage the use of public transport, which will result in healthier cities and communities. A．Why is this the case? B．This emphasis aims to reduce the reliance on private vehicles. C．The trend causes cities to become more and more advanced. D．A city’s density directly impacts how public transport services are provided. E．People in big cities need to get out of their cars and use public transportation. F．In such urban environments, people are likelier to go further to access public transport. G．It’s due to its very wide streets, large street blocks and buildings set far from the street edges. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. G 4. F 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了全球范围内公共交通未得到充分利用的现象，并分析了其原因主要有城市密度、交通可达性和街道的可步行性三个方面，强调城市规划者在重视建设公共交通基础设施的同时，也应致力于改善公共环境以鼓励人们使用公共交通，从而建设更健康的城市和社区。 1. 上文“Public transportation is not fully used across the globe, even if good transport systems are in place. (即使有良好的交通系统，全球公共交通也没有得到充分利用)”提出问题，下文“There are three primary reasons listed below, which all can be solved by good urban planning. (下面列出了三个主要原因，这些原因都可以通过良好的城市规划来解决。)”说明了有三个原因，A项“Why is this the case? (为什么会这样呢？)”承上启下，引出原因，上下文过渡自然，故选A项。 2. 根据下文“For example, in Barcelona, 30% of daily trips are carried out by public transport. In contrast, in Atlanta, this figure drops to 4%. Since Barcelona is 30 times denser(更密集的) than Atlanta, it is easier to provide reliable public transport services. (例如，在巴塞罗那，30%的日常出行是通过公共交通完成的。相比之下，在亚特兰大，这一数字降至4%。由于巴塞罗那的人口密度是亚特兰大的30倍，所以提供可靠的公共交通服务更容易。)”可知，本段主要内容与城市密度与公共交通之间的关系有关，与D项“A city’s density directly impacts how public transport services are provided. (城市的密度直接影响公共交通服务的提供方式。)”与下文一致，符合文意，故选D项。 3. 根据上文“Accessibility is another key factor in public transportation usage. In a comparison of three international cities, though one of them has the highest population density, its public transport use is less than the other two cities. (可达性是公共交通使用的另一个关键因素。在三个国际城市的比较中，虽然其中一个城市的人口密度最高，但其公共交通使用量低于其他两个城市。)”可知，下文要解释为什么这个城市人口密度高但公共交通使用率低的原因，与G项“It’s due to its very wide streets, large street blocks and buildings set far from the street edges. (这是由于其非常宽阔的街道、大型街区和远离街道边缘的建筑物。)”上下文一致，符合文意。故选G项。 4. 上文“Studies show that well- maintained and safe streets encourage people to use public transportation.(研究表明，维护良好和安全的街道鼓励人们使用公共交通工具。)”提出维护良好和安全的街道鼓励人们使用公共交通工具，F项“In such urban environments, people are likelier to go further to access public transport. (在这样的城市环境中，人们更有可能走得更远，以使用公共交通工具。)”承接上文，进一步进行解释，与下文“By contrast, narrow or poorly- maintained sidewalks, and fewer trees make streets less walkable. (相比之下，狭窄或维护不善的人行道以及较少的树木会使街道更难步行。)”形成对比，上下文语意连贯，故选F项。 5. 根据上文“Nowadays, city planners have attached great importance to the construction of more public transportation infrastructure (基础设施). (如今，城市规划者非常重视建设更多的公共交通基础设施。)”及下文“And it can promote good urban mobility (移动性) at the same time. (同时，它可以促进良好的城市交通移动性。”可知，空处应为更多的公共交通基础设施的影响，与B项“This emphasis aims to reduce the reliance on private vehicles. (这一重点旨在减少对私家车的依赖。)”上下文一致，符合文意。故选B项。 8 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$