专题 S304 复杂句之名词性从句-【弯道超车-备战毕业班】2025年 高中英语新高三 暑假自学培优提升学案（全国通用）

新高三毕业班·衔接讲义 专题 S304 复杂句之名词性从句 暑假自习提升（全国通用） 内 容 提 要 考点速览 思维导图，把握考点框架 精讲精练 讲练结合，梳理关键考点 难点突破 突出重难点，全面提升能力 真题演练 感受真题，快速突破壁垒 一、名词性从句总览 （一）核心定义与分类 名词性从句是指在主从复合句中起名词作用的从句，其句法功能等同于名词，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。根据在句中的不同作用，具体分为四类： 1. 主语从句：在句中作主语，相当于 “名词 + 谓语” 结构（如：What she said made me angry. 她所说的话让我生气。）； 2. 宾语从句：作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语（如：I believe that he is honest. 我相信他是诚实的。）； 3. 表语从句：跟在系动词后作表语，解释主语的内容或状态（如：The problem is how we can solve it. 问题是我们如何解决它。）； 4. 同位语从句：位于抽象名词后，解释该名词的具体内容（如：The news that he won the award is exciting. 他获奖的消息令人兴奋。）。 （二）引导词分类表 类别 常见引导词 功能特点 连词 that, whether, if（仅用于宾语从句） 不充当从句成分，that 无实际词义，whether/if 表 “是否” 连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whose 充当从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，有具体词义 连接副词 when, where, how, why 充当从句的时间、地点、方式或原因状语 考点一：主语从句 （一）引导词用法详解 1. that 引导的主语从句： o 当从句结构完整且不缺词义时使用 that，且不可省略（如：That he passed the exam without preparation surprised everyone. 他没复习就通过考试让所有人惊讶。）。 2. whether 引导的主语从句： o 表 “是否”，不可用 if 替代，可位于句首或用 it 作形式主语（如：Whether the meeting will be held online remains to be decided. 会议是否在线上召开仍待决定。）。 3. 连接代词 / 副词引导的主语从句： o what 表示 “所…… 的事物”（如：What she needs most now is a chance to prove herself. 她现在最需要的是证明自己的机会。）； o when/where 等引导时需在从句中作对应状语（如：Where the exhibition will be held is still unknown. 展览将在哪里举办还不清楚。）。 （二）it 作形式主语的结构 1. It + be + 形容词 + that 从句： o 常见形容词：necessary, important, obvious, strange（如：It is crucial that we should develop good study habits from childhood. 我们从小养成良好的学习习惯至关重要。）。 2. It + be + 名词 + that 从句： o 常见名词：a pity, a shame, no wonder（如：It is a great honor that she was invited to speak at the ceremony. 她被邀请在典礼上发言是极大的荣誉。）。 3. It + 不及物动词 + that 从句： o 常见动词：seem, happen, occur to（如：It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my keys in the office. 我突然想起把钥匙落在办公室了。）。 （三）对点练习 1. ______ matters most in learning a language is consistent practice and exposure to native speakers. 2. It is still under discussion ______ the project should be started next month or not. 3. ______ he managed to solve the complex problem within such a short time is beyond my understanding. 4. It suddenly struck me ______ I had forgotten to confirm the flight booking for our upcoming trip. 5. ______ will be appointed as the new team leader has become the focus of the department’s discussion. 考点二：宾语从句 （一）引导词核心用法 1. that 引导的宾语从句： o 通常可省略，但多个宾语从句并列时仅第一个 that 可省（如：He said (that) he was tired and that he needed a break. 他说他累了，需要休息。）。 2. whether/if 引导的宾语从句： o 表 “是否”，whether 可接 or not，if 不可（如：I can’t tell whether/if he is telling the truth. → I can’t tell whether or not he is telling the truth. 我分不清他是否在说真话。）。 3. 介词后的宾语从句： o 只能用 whether，不可用 if（如：The success of the plan depends on whether we can get enough funding. 计划的成功取决于我们能否获得足够资金。）。 （二）it 作形式宾语的结构 1. 动词 + it + 宾补 + that 从句： o 常见动词：think, find, make, consider（如：I think it essential that every student should learn basic first aid skills. 我认为每个学生都应学习基础急救技能很重要。）。 2. 动词 + it + 从句： o 常见动词：hate, like, appreciate（如：She hates it when people interrupt her during a presentation. 她讨厌别人在她演讲时打断。）。 （三）时态呼应规则 主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态（如：He said he was preparing for the exam. 他说他在备考。）； 从句为客观真理时用一般现在时（如：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光速比声速快。）。 （四）对点练习 1. The manager asked me ______ I had submitted the project report before the deadline. 2. I find ______ necessary that we should discuss the issue with all team members involved. 3. He didn’t inform me ______ he would attend the conference or stay at the office. 4. The team’s performance depends on ______ they can coordinate effectively during the competition. 5. She mentioned that she ______ (visit) the museum twice before moving to the city. 考点三：表语从句 （一）引导词关键用法 1. that 引导的表语从句： o 不可省略，用于从句完整时（如：The truth is that he has been working abroad for years. 事实是他已在国外工作多年。）。 2. 特殊连接词引导的表语从句： o because 表原因（如：He was absent from the meeting. That is because he fell ill suddenly. 他缺席会议，因为突然生病了。）； o why 表结果（如：He fell ill suddenly. That is why he was absent from the meeting. 他突然生病，所以缺席了会议。）； o as if/as though 表 “好像”（如：She acts as if she were the owner of the company. 她表现得好像是公司老板。）。 （二）经典句型结构 1. The reason why...is that...： o 如：The reason why he failed the exam is that he lacked proper revision. 他考试失利的原因是复习不充分。 2. This/That is because...： o 如：He didn’t pass the interview. That is because he didn’t prepare for it carefully. 他面试没通过，因为准备不认真。 （三）对点练习 1. The main challenge now is ______ we can secure enough resources to support the new project. 2. His explanation for being late was ______ he had missed the first bus of the day. 3. It looks ______ the storm will hit the coastal city within the next 24 hours. 4. That’s ______ she decided to quit her job and start her own business. 5. The reason behind his success is ______ he has always stayed committed to his goals. 考点四：同位语从句 （一）核心语法特征 1. 抽象名词 + 同位语从句： o 常见名词：idea, news, fact, promise, doubt（如：The news that the team won the championship spread quickly. 队伍夺冠的消息迅速传开。）。 2. that 的不可省略性： o that 在从句中不充当成分，但不可省略（如：× The fact he lied to us is unacceptable. √ The fact that he lied to us is unacceptable. 他对我们撒谎的事实不可接受。）。 （二）与定语从句的区别 对比项 同位语从句 定语从句 功能 解释名词的具体内容 修饰名词，限定其范围 that 的作用 不充当成分，不可省略 充当成分（主语 / 宾语），作宾语时可省 名词类型 抽象名词（idea, news, plan 等） 任意名词（book, person, place 等） （三）对点练习 1. The proposal ______ we should hold a charity sale to help the local community was widely supported. 2. There is no doubt ______ the team’s hard work will pay off in the upcoming competition. 3. The question ______ the company can afford to hire more staff remains to be answered. 4. I have no idea ______ she chose to study abroad instead of attending a local university. 5. The promise ______ he would return the borrowed book within a week has not been kept. 一、主语从句的形式主语陷阱 难点核心 1. it 作形式主语的结构误用： o 易遗漏 it 导致句子头重脚轻，如：× That he left without saying goodbye made us confused. √ It made us confused that he left without saying goodbye.（需用 it 作形式主语）。 2. whether 与 if 的混用： o if 不可引导主语从句，如：× If he will come is unknown. √ Whether he will come is unknown.（主语从句表 “是否” 只能用 whether）。 3. 连接代词的成分缺失： o 需确保 what/who 等在从句中作成分，如：× What he said it made sense. √ What he said made sense.（what 已作 said 的宾语，it 多余）。 二、宾语从句的时态呼应误区 难点核心 1. 客观真理的时态错误： o 从句为客观事实时仍用过去时，如：× The teacher told us that the earth moved around the sun. √ The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.（客观真理用一般现在时）。 2. 介词后 if 的非法使用： o 介词后宾语从句误用 if，如：× The plan depends on if we can get permission. √ The plan depends on whether we can get permission.（介词后只能用 whether）。 3. 多个宾语从句的 that 省略错误： o 仅第一个 that 可省，后续不可省，如：× He said he was tired he needed rest. √ He said (that) he was tired and that he needed rest. 三、表语从句的句型混淆 难点核心 1. because 与 why 的逻辑颠倒： o 结果用 why，原因用 because，如：× He was late. That is because he missed the bus. √ He missed the bus. That is why he was late.（前因后果用 why）。 2. as if 虚拟语气的缺失： o 与事实相反时未用虚拟，如：× She talks as if she is the boss. √ She talks as if she were the boss.（与现在事实相反，be 动词用 were）。 3. The reason is that... 的 that 省略： o 句型中 that 不可省，如：× The reason is he was careless. √ The reason is that he was careless. 四、同位语从句与定语从句的辨别难点 难点核心 1. that 的功能混淆： o 同位语从句 that 不充当成分，定语从句 that 作成分，如： o 同位语：The news that he won is true.（that 无成分） o 定语：The news that made us happy is true.（that 作主语） 2. 抽象名词的误判： o 具体名词后不可接同位语从句，如：× The book that he bought is interesting.（定语从句，book 为具体名词）。 3. whether 与 if 的同位语从句误用： o 同位语从句表 “是否” 用 whether，如：× The question if he will come is unclear. √ The question whether he will come is unclear. 五、名词性从句的语序错误 难点核心 1. 疑问句语序残留： o 从句未用陈述语序，如：× Do you know where is he from? √ Do you know where he is from?（宾语从句用陈述语序）。 2. 连接副词的成分重复： o 如：× This is how he did it yesterday. √ This is what he did yesterday.（how 作状语，do 缺宾语时用 what）。 3. 形式宾语 it 的遗漏： o 如：× I think that we should study hard important. √ I think it important that we should study hard.（需用 it 作形式宾语）。 真题速递 1. [2025年北京卷] The truth, though, is____13_ ___could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. 2．[2024年甲卷] On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____________ is now northwestern Wyoming. 3．[2024年浙江卷1月] If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ___4___________s__ they’ll promote. 4．[2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷]This is ___7_ __ they need an English trainer. 5．[2022年北京卷] It’s easy to explain how we determine ____5__ __ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. 6．[2022年浙江卷 1月]Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ___7_ __ she could do so remotely. 7．[2021年新高考Ⅰ卷] ___1________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 8．[2021年北京卷] The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____5_________ she lived． 9．[2020年北京卷] Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them 3 you can join in when it's possible. 10．[2020年浙江卷6月] Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 2 could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 名校模拟 Passage 1 （2025·山东潍坊·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Africa is known for its vast natural resources and beautiful landscapes, but it is also home to a rich culture of art. Traditionally, healing (疗愈), pleasure, protection and transformation have all been central themes in the work of African artists. African art is 1 vast and varied category involving masks, sculptures, textiles, and bead-work from across the African continent. There is no one definition of African art, however, there are some common themes 2 run throughout this genre (体裁). One of the most distinguishing features of African art 3 (be) the use of color. Bright colors are often used to express the energy and joy of life, while dark colors can convey 4 (sad) or anger. Texture (纹理) is also an important element of African art, with artists often 5 (use) complicated patterns and designs 6 (create) a sense of movement and dynamism. African artists often combine instruments into their work. In fact, music represents the importance of creativity and expression within African cultures. By now, traditional African instruments 7 (adapt) for use by Western musicians, making their way into genres such as jazz and rock. Masks are an important part of traditional African culture. Each mask has its own unique design and purpose. In western Africa, wooden masks were 8 (initial) worn for religious and formal occasions 9 weddings, agricultural work and wartime preparations. “The mask does not hide; it reveals the true face of the spirit.” The quote shows 10 a mask in African culture means. Passage 2 （2025·安徽蚌埠·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (RAMSAR COP14《湿地公约》缔约方大会) took place in Wuhan, Hubei Province in November. It was the first time that China 1 (host) this international event. 2 (know) as the kidneys (肾脏) of the Earth, wetlands are among the world’s three major ecosystems together with forests and oceans. China’s wetlands are vast, diverse and widely distributed, 3 (range) from the cold temperate zone to the hot zone. In recent years, China has been strengthening the protection and restoration of wetlands. 4 is remarkable is that more than 600 wetland nature reserves and 1,600 wetland parks have been established. China’s first law 5 (specific) protecting wetlands took effect on June 1 this year. Wuhan, the host city of RAMSAR COP 14, has 162, 400 hectares (公顷) of wetlands, accounting 6 18.9 per cent of its total area. In June, Wuhan 7 (award) Wetland City Accreditation by the Ramsar Convention, 8 international honor for the protection of urban wetland ecology. Nature provides the basic conditions for human 9 (survive) and development. With a comprehensive approach to the conservation of ecosystems in place, China aims to boost their biodiversity, stability and sustainability. Wetland conservation is a crucial part of the country’s efforts to achieve 10 (it) green development goals. Passage 3 （2025·辽宁·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Maya pyramids (金字塔), often 1 (refer) to as Mayan temples, are among the most representative structures left by the ancient Maya civilization. These architectural wonders, primarily found in present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador, 2 (build) over a period of approximately 2000 years. One of the 3 (famous) Maya pyramids is the Kukulcán Pyramid located in Chichén Itzá, Mexico. This pyramid stands as a proof to the advanced knowledge of astronomy possessed by the Mayans. The structure has four stairs, each with 91 steps, 4 (reach) 364 steps when combined, plus a top step to make 365 — this represents 5 number of days in a solar year. Maya pyramids typically served 6 ceremonial centers rather than tombs like the Egyptian pyramids. At the top of these pyramids lie temples where ceremonies were conducted. Another noteworthy site is the Pyramid of the Magician, which is famous for its impressive construction techniques and 7 (characteristic). The structure’s design allows a whisper at one end 8 (hear) distinctly at the other, though it is about 180 meters across. The Maya pyramids are not only 9 (remark) for their size and architectural skills but also for the cultural and historical insights they offer into a civilization in 10 is now Central America and the Yucatán Peninsula. Passage 4 （2025·广西柳州·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hoarding (囤积症) is a disorder where a person collects items and stores them in a typically chaotic manner, so that their environment grows messy or begins to block the person’s ability to live their life. The hoarded items will not 1 (necessary) have monetary value, because hoarding behavior is more often a sign of anxiety in a person’s life 2 a reflection of the value of the items themselves. The underlying reasons for uncontrollable collecting vary from person to person: Some hoarders save items because they can imagine future uses for them, while others resist 3 (throw) away objects for reasons rooted in sorrow or fear. Actually 4 (link) to anxiety, low mood, or depression, hoarding is not about people being lazy or dirty. When people are emotionally struggling, they don’t always have the energy to look after 5 (they), let alone their homes. In response to sorrow and 6 (lose), people sometimes turn to uncontrolled items collecting, in 7 situation, hoarding disorder can be 8 form of self-neglect, and people experiencing it deserve support and sympathy. Addressing hoarding, especially when such behavior is an extension of otherwise understandable beliefs, 9 (be) difficult. However, putting systems and steps in place around item management will make everyday life easier for those hoarders in the future, lessening such tendencies. 10 is important is to be aware of the way that external stresses may be pushing individuals to develop or deepen hoarding behavior. Passage 5 （2025·上海·三模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given ward; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Concerns Regarding Deep-Sea Tourism The depths of the oceans, with their charming mysteries, continue to capture the human imagination. For many, deep-sea tourism provides an opportunity to have a thrilling adventure unlike any 1 With greater commercial access, deep-sea tourism 2 (move) from an upper-class activity to a more accessible venture over the past few years. Various underwater adventures are now available. Luxury operations such as “Lovers Deep,” a St Lucia submarine hotel, cost $300,000 a night. Other, 3 (price-friendly), encounters are the Maldives submarine experience where tourists pay $1,500 for an hour-long dive. Despite the industry’s expansion, safety is an important issue. On March 27, a tourist submarine sank off the Egyptian Red Sea city of Hurghada. The sub was said 4 (experience) mechanical failure prior to sinking. The accident occurred more than a year after the OccanGate Titan submersible (潜水器) explosion on a dive to the Titanic wreck site. Safety concerns point to a lack of regulatory oversight. Submarines and submersibles sail without uniform international regulations, with safety practices 5 (leave) mostly in the hands of private operators. Certified submersibles undergo close inspections by independent organizations. These inspections cover the vessel's structure, life-support systems, and mechanical integrity. The need for third-party inspection 6 not be overstated. However, OceanGate’s Titan submersible notably avoided this process, claiming certification would slow down innovation. Certified submarines are generally safe, but any form of extreme underwater exploration involves certain risks. If something goes wrong, rescue operations for deep-sea vessels are complex and time-sensitive. Most tourist submarines operate at depths 7 divers or other submarines can assist in emergencies. However, vessels like the Titan, which dove to 12,500 feet, exceed most rescue capabilities. Typical tour submarines don’t dive 8 150 feet. At that depth, scuba divers can help if needed. But the deeper you go, the more difficult and slower a rescue becomes. 9 submarines operate also impacts rescues. In places such as Antarctica or the mid-Atlantic, conditions and logistical obstacles hinder quick rescue. In spite of recent tragedies, international regulation of deep-sea tourism is still low and governments do not usually regulate businesses 10 there are repeated failures. Hopefully, high-profile accidents like OceanGate’s explosion or the sinking of Hurghada might alter that. 6 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$新高三毕业班·衔接讲义 专题 S304 复杂句之名词性从句 暑假自习提升（全国通用） 内 容 提 要 考点速览 思维导图，把握考点框架 精讲精练 讲练结合，梳理关键考点 难点突破 突出重难点，全面提升能力 真题演练 感受真题，快速突破壁垒 一、名词性从句总览 （一）核心定义与分类 名词性从句是指在主从复合句中起名词作用的从句，其句法功能等同于名词，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。根据在句中的不同作用，具体分为四类： 1. 主语从句：在句中作主语，相当于 “名词 + 谓语” 结构（如：What she said made me angry. 她所说的话让我生气。）； 2. 宾语从句：作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语（如：I believe that he is honest. 我相信他是诚实的。）； 3. 表语从句：跟在系动词后作表语，解释主语的内容或状态（如：The problem is how we can solve it. 问题是我们如何解决它。）； 4. 同位语从句：位于抽象名词后，解释该名词的具体内容（如：The news that he won the award is exciting. 他获奖的消息令人兴奋。）。 （二）引导词分类表 类别 常见引导词 功能特点 连词 that, whether, if（仅用于宾语从句） 不充当从句成分，that 无实际词义，whether/if 表 “是否” 连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whose 充当从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，有具体词义 连接副词 when, where, how, why 充当从句的时间、地点、方式或原因状语 考点一：主语从句 （一）引导词用法详解 1. that 引导的主语从句： o 当从句结构完整且不缺词义时使用 that，且不可省略（如：That he passed the exam without preparation surprised everyone. 他没复习就通过考试让所有人惊讶。）。 2. whether 引导的主语从句： o 表 “是否”，不可用 if 替代，可位于句首或用 it 作形式主语（如：Whether the meeting will be held online remains to be decided. 会议是否在线上召开仍待决定。）。 3. 连接代词 / 副词引导的主语从句： o what 表示 “所…… 的事物”（如：What she needs most now is a chance to prove herself. 她现在最需要的是证明自己的机会。）； o when/where 等引导时需在从句中作对应状语（如：Where the exhibition will be held is still unknown. 展览将在哪里举办还不清楚。）。 （二）it 作形式主语的结构 1. It + be + 形容词 + that 从句： o 常见形容词：necessary, important, obvious, strange（如：It is crucial that we should develop good study habits from childhood. 我们从小养成良好的学习习惯至关重要。）。 2. It + be + 名词 + that 从句： o 常见名词：a pity, a shame, no wonder（如：It is a great honor that she was invited to speak at the ceremony. 她被邀请在典礼上发言是极大的荣誉。）。 3. It + 不及物动词 + that 从句： o 常见动词：seem, happen, occur to（如：It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my keys in the office. 我突然想起把钥匙落在办公室了。）。 （三）对点练习 1. ______ matters most in learning a language is consistent practice and exposure to native speakers. 答案：What 解析：句意：学习语言最重要的是持续练习和接触母语者。主语从句中缺少主语，指 “最重要的事情”，用 what 引导。 2. It is still under discussion ______ the project should be started next month or not. 答案：whether 解析：句意：项目是否应在下个月启动仍在讨论中。主语从句表 “是否” 且有 or not，只能用 whether 引导，it 作形式主语。 3. ______ he managed to solve the complex problem within such a short time is beyond my understanding. 答案：How 解析：句意：他如何在这么短的时间内解决这个复杂问题我无法理解。主语从句缺方式状语，用 how 引导。 4. It suddenly struck me ______ I had forgotten to confirm the flight booking for our upcoming trip. 答案：that 解析：句意：我突然意识到忘了确认即将到来的旅行的航班预订。it 作形式主语，that 引导的从句完整，无词义。 5. ______ will be appointed as the new team leader has become the focus of the department’s discussion. 答案：Who 解析：句意：谁将被任命为新队长已成为部门讨论的焦点。主语从句缺主语，指人，用 who 引导。 考点二：宾语从句 （一）引导词核心用法 1. that 引导的宾语从句： o 通常可省略，但多个宾语从句并列时仅第一个 that 可省（如：He said (that) he was tired and that he needed a break. 他说他累了，需要休息。）。 2. whether/if 引导的宾语从句： o 表 “是否”，whether 可接 or not，if 不可（如：I can’t tell whether/if he is telling the truth. → I can’t tell whether or not he is telling the truth. 我分不清他是否在说真话。）。 3. 介词后的宾语从句： o 只能用 whether，不可用 if（如：The success of the plan depends on whether we can get enough funding. 计划的成功取决于我们能否获得足够资金。）。 （二）it 作形式宾语的结构 1. 动词 + it + 宾补 + that 从句： o 常见动词：think, find, make, consider（如：I think it essential that every student should learn basic first aid skills. 我认为每个学生都应学习基础急救技能很重要。）。 2. 动词 + it + 从句： o 常见动词：hate, like, appreciate（如：She hates it when people interrupt her during a presentation. 她讨厌别人在她演讲时打断。）。 （三）时态呼应规则 主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态（如：He said he was preparing for the exam. 他说他在备考。）； 从句为客观真理时用一般现在时（如：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光速比声速快。）。 （四）对点练习 1. The manager asked me ______ I had submitted the project report before the deadline. 答案：whether/if 解析：句意：经理问我是否在截止日期前提交了项目报告。宾语从句表 “是否”，可用 whether 或 if。 2. I find ______ necessary that we should discuss the issue with all team members involved. 答案：it 解析：句意：我认为我们有必要与所有相关团队成员讨论这个问题。it 作形式宾语，that 从句为真正宾语。 3. He didn’t inform me ______ he would attend the conference or stay at the office. 答案：whether 解析：句意：他没告诉我他会参加会议还是留在办公室。宾语从句有 or not，只能用 whether。 4. The team’s performance depends on ______ they can coordinate effectively during the competition. 答案：whether 解析：句意：团队的表现取决于他们在比赛中能否有效协作。介词 on 后宾语从句用 whether。 5. She mentioned that she ______ (visit) the museum twice before moving to the city. 答案：had visited 解析：句意：她提到搬到这个城市前已参观过博物馆两次。主句为过去时，从句动作先于主句，用过去完成时。 考点三：表语从句 （一）引导词关键用法 1. that 引导的表语从句： o 不可省略，用于从句完整时（如：The truth is that he has been working abroad for years. 事实是他已在国外工作多年。）。 2. 特殊连接词引导的表语从句： o because 表原因（如：He was absent from the meeting. That is because he fell ill suddenly. 他缺席会议，因为突然生病了。）； o why 表结果（如：He fell ill suddenly. That is why he was absent from the meeting. 他突然生病，所以缺席了会议。）； o as if/as though 表 “好像”（如：She acts as if she were the owner of the company. 她表现得好像是公司老板。）。 （二）经典句型结构 1. The reason why...is that...： o 如：The reason why he failed the exam is that he lacked proper revision. 他考试失利的原因是复习不充分。 2. This/That is because...： o 如：He didn’t pass the interview. That is because he didn’t prepare for it carefully. 他面试没通过，因为准备不认真。 （三）对点练习 1. The main challenge now is ______ we can secure enough resources to support the new project. 答案：how 解析：句意：现在的主要挑战是我们如何获取足够资源支持新项目。表语从句缺方式状语，用 how。 2. His explanation for being late was ______ he had missed the first bus of the day. 答案：that 解析：句意：他迟到的解释是错过了当天的首班车。表语从句完整，用 that 引导，不可省略。 3. It looks ______ the storm will hit the coastal city within the next 24 hours. 答案：as if 解析：句意：看起来风暴将在 24 小时内袭击这座沿海城市。表语从句表 “好像”，用 as if 引导。 4. That’s ______ she decided to quit her job and start her own business. 答案：why 解析：句意：那就是她决定辞职创业的原因。表语从句表结果，用 why 引导。 5. The reason behind his success is ______ he has always stayed committed to his goals. 答案：that 解析：句意：他成功的原因是一直坚持目标。The reason is that... 为固定句型，that 不可省。 考点四：同位语从句 （一）核心语法特征 1. 抽象名词 + 同位语从句： o 常见名词：idea, news, fact, promise, doubt（如：The news that the team won the championship spread quickly. 队伍夺冠的消息迅速传开。）。 2. that 的不可省略性： o that 在从句中不充当成分，但不可省略（如：× The fact he lied to us is unacceptable. √ The fact that he lied to us is unacceptable. 他对我们撒谎的事实不可接受。）。 （二）与定语从句的区别 对比项 同位语从句 定语从句 功能 解释名词的具体内容 修饰名词，限定其范围 that 的作用 不充当成分，不可省略 充当成分（主语 / 宾语），作宾语时可省 名词类型 抽象名词（idea, news, plan 等） 任意名词（book, person, place 等） （三）对点练习 1. The proposal ______ we should hold a charity sale to help the local community was widely supported. 答案：that 解析：句意：我们应举办慈善义卖帮助当地社区的提议得到广泛支持。同位语从句解释 proposal 的内容，用 that 引导。 2. There is no doubt ______ the team’s hard work will pay off in the upcoming competition. 答案：that 解析：句意：毫无疑问团队的努力将在即将到来的比赛中得到回报。同位语从句修饰 doubt，用 that 引导。 3. The question ______ the company can afford to hire more staff remains to be answered. 答案：whether 解析：句意：公司是否有能力雇佣更多员工的问题仍待解答。同位语从句表 “是否”，用 whether 引导。 4. I have no idea ______ she chose to study abroad instead of attending a local university. 答案：why 解析：句意：我不知道她为什么选择出国留学而不是上本地大学。同位语从句缺原因状语，用 why 引导。 5. The promise ______ he would return the borrowed book within a week has not been kept. 答案：that 解析：句意：他承诺一周内归还借来的书，但未兑现。同位语从句解释 promise 的内容，用 that 引导。 一、主语从句的形式主语陷阱 难点核心 1. it 作形式主语的结构误用： o 易遗漏 it 导致句子头重脚轻，如：× That he left without saying goodbye made us confused. √ It made us confused that he left without saying goodbye.（需用 it 作形式主语）。 2. whether 与 if 的混用： o if 不可引导主语从句，如：× If he will come is unknown. √ Whether he will come is unknown.（主语从句表 “是否” 只能用 whether）。 3. 连接代词的成分缺失： o 需确保 what/who 等在从句中作成分，如：× What he said it made sense. √ What he said made sense.（what 已作 said 的宾语，it 多余）。 二、宾语从句的时态呼应误区 难点核心 1. 客观真理的时态错误： o 从句为客观事实时仍用过去时，如：× The teacher told us that the earth moved around the sun. √ The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.（客观真理用一般现在时）。 2. 介词后 if 的非法使用： o 介词后宾语从句误用 if，如：× The plan depends on if we can get permission. √ The plan depends on whether we can get permission.（介词后只能用 whether）。 3. 多个宾语从句的 that 省略错误： o 仅第一个 that 可省，后续不可省，如：× He said he was tired he needed rest. √ He said (that) he was tired and that he needed rest. 三、表语从句的句型混淆 难点核心 1. because 与 why 的逻辑颠倒： o 结果用 why，原因用 because，如：× He was late. That is because he missed the bus. √ He missed the bus. That is why he was late.（前因后果用 why）。 2. as if 虚拟语气的缺失： o 与事实相反时未用虚拟，如：× She talks as if she is the boss. √ She talks as if she were the boss.（与现在事实相反，be 动词用 were）。 3. The reason is that... 的 that 省略： o 句型中 that 不可省，如：× The reason is he was careless. √ The reason is that he was careless. 四、同位语从句与定语从句的辨别难点 难点核心 1. that 的功能混淆： o 同位语从句 that 不充当成分，定语从句 that 作成分，如： o 同位语：The news that he won is true.（that 无成分） o 定语：The news that made us happy is true.（that 作主语） 2. 抽象名词的误判： o 具体名词后不可接同位语从句，如：× The book that he bought is interesting.（定语从句，book 为具体名词）。 3. whether 与 if 的同位语从句误用： o 同位语从句表 “是否” 用 whether，如：× The question if he will come is unclear. √ The question whether he will come is unclear. 五、名词性从句的语序错误 难点核心 1. 疑问句语序残留： o 从句未用陈述语序，如：× Do you know where is he from? √ Do you know where he is from?（宾语从句用陈述语序）。 2. 连接副词的成分重复： o 如：× This is how he did it yesterday. √ This is what he did yesterday.（how 作状语，do 缺宾语时用 what）。 3. 形式宾语 it 的遗漏： o 如：× I think that we should study hard important. √ I think it important that we should study hard.（需用 it 作形式宾语）。 真题速递 1. [2025年北京卷] The truth, though, is____13_ ___could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. 答案：what 解析：本题考查表语从句。“is” 后为表语从句，从句中 “could be guessed” 缺少主语，且表示 “…… 的事物”，需要用连接代词 “what” 引导表语从句 ，在从句中充当主语成分，整体句子意思是 “然而，事实是可以猜到的那种情况 —— 这里从来不会有其他人” 。 比如类似结构 “The problem is what we can do to solve it（问题是我们能做什么来解决它 ）”，“what” 在表语从句里就承担了 “做什么” 中 “什么” 这一主语表意 。 2．[2024年甲卷] On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____________ is now northwestern Wyoming. 【答案】 what 【解析】句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。 3．[2024年浙江卷1月] If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ___4___________s__ they’ll promote. 【答案】what 【解析】宾语从句 4．[2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷]This is ___7_ __ they need an English trainer. 【答案】why 【解析】表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。文体句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 5．[2022年北京卷] It’s easy to explain how we determine ____5__ __ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. 【答案】whether 【解析】宾语从句。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。文体句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，空格后是主+系+表的句子结构，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知，此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。 6．[2022年浙江卷 1月]Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ___7_ __ she could do so remotely. 【答案】whether/if 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。 7．[2021年新高考Ⅰ卷] ___1________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 【答案】What 【解析】主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。 8．[2021年北京卷] The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____5_________ she lived． 【答案】where 【解析】宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。 9．[2020年北京卷] Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them 3 you can join in when it's possible. 【答案】if/whether 【解析】宾语从句。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。 10．[2020年浙江卷6月] Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 2 could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 【答案】what 【解析】宾语从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。文体句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。 名校模拟 Passage 1 （2025·山东潍坊·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Africa is known for its vast natural resources and beautiful landscapes, but it is also home to a rich culture of art. Traditionally, healing (疗愈), pleasure, protection and transformation have all been central themes in the work of African artists. African art is 1 vast and varied category involving masks, sculptures, textiles, and bead-work from across the African continent. There is no one definition of African art, however, there are some common themes 2 run throughout this genre (体裁). One of the most distinguishing features of African art 3 (be) the use of color. Bright colors are often used to express the energy and joy of life, while dark colors can convey 4 (sad) or anger. Texture (纹理) is also an important element of African art, with artists often 5 (use) complicated patterns and designs 6 (create) a sense of movement and dynamism. African artists often combine instruments into their work. In fact, music represents the importance of creativity and expression within African cultures. By now, traditional African instruments 7 (adapt) for use by Western musicians, making their way into genres such as jazz and rock. Masks are an important part of traditional African culture. Each mask has its own unique design and purpose. In western Africa, wooden masks were 8 (initial) worn for religious and formal occasions 9 weddings, agricultural work and wartime preparations. “The mask does not hide; it reveals the true face of the spirit.” The quote shows 10 a mask in African culture means. 【答案】 1．a 2．that/which 3．is 4．sadness 5．using 6．to create 7．have been adapted 8．initially 9．like 10．what 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了非洲艺术的丰富内涵，包括其核心主题、显著特点（如色彩和纹理的运用）、与音乐的结合以及面具在传统文化中的重要性。 1．考查冠词。句意：非洲艺术是一个广泛而多样的类别，包括来自非洲大陆的面具、雕塑、纺织品和珠饰。category为可数名词单数，此处表泛指“一个广泛而多样的类别”，且vast是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．考查定语从句。句意：然而，非洲艺术没有一个统一的定义，但有一些贯穿这一类型的共同主题。此处为关系词引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为themes，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 3．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：非洲艺术最显著的特点之一是色彩的运用。此处为谓语动词，描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语One of the most distinguishing features为单数概念，所以用is。故填is。 4．考查名词。句意：明亮的颜色常用来表达生活的活力和喜悦，而深色则可以传达悲伤或愤怒。此处与anger并列，作convey的宾语，用sad的名词sadness，意为“悲伤”。故填sadness。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：纹理也是非洲艺术的重要元素，艺术家经常使用复杂的图案和设计来创造运动感和活力。此处为非谓语动词作宾补，artists与use为主动关系，用现在分词using。故填using。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处为use sth. to do sth.意为“用某物做某事”，所以此处使用动词不定式to create作目的状语。故填to create。 7．考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，传统非洲乐器已被西方音乐家改编使用，进入了爵士和摇滚等流派。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语By now（到目前为止）可知，此处用现在完成时；instruments与adapt为被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为have been adapted。故填have been adapted。 8．考查副词。句意：在西非，木制面具最初是为宗教和正式场合佩戴的，如婚礼、农活和战时准备。此处修饰动词worn，用initial的副词initially，意为“最初”。故填initially。 9．考查介词。句意：同上。空后为名词短语，列举木质面具的佩戴场合，所以此处表示举例，用介词like，意为“例如”。故填like。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：这句话展示了非洲文化中面具的含义。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句，作shows的宾语，从句中缺少宾语，用连接代词what，意为“……的事物”。故填what。 Passage 2 （2025·安徽蚌埠·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (RAMSAR COP14《湿地公约》缔约方大会) took place in Wuhan, Hubei Province in November. It was the first time that China 1 (host) this international event. 2 (know) as the kidneys (肾脏) of the Earth, wetlands are among the world’s three major ecosystems together with forests and oceans. China’s wetlands are vast, diverse and widely distributed, 3 (range) from the cold temperate zone to the hot zone. In recent years, China has been strengthening the protection and restoration of wetlands. 4 is remarkable is that more than 600 wetland nature reserves and 1,600 wetland parks have been established. China’s first law 5 (specific) protecting wetlands took effect on June 1 this year. Wuhan, the host city of RAMSAR COP 14, has 162, 400 hectares (公顷) of wetlands, accounting 6 18.9 per cent of its total area. In June, Wuhan 7 (award) Wetland City Accreditation by the Ramsar Convention, 8 international honor for the protection of urban wetland ecology. Nature provides the basic conditions for human 9 (survive) and development. With a comprehensive approach to the conservation of ecosystems in place, China aims to boost their biodiversity, stability and sustainability. Wetland conservation is a crucial part of the country’s efforts to achieve 10 (it) green development goals. 【答案】 1. had hosted 2. Known 3. ranging 4. What 5. specifically 6. for 7. was awarded 8. an 9. survival 10. its 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《湿地公约》缔约方大会在武汉举行，阐述了湿地的重要性、中国湿地情况及保护举措，还提及武汉湿地相关荣誉。 1. 考查固定句型和时态。句意：这是中国第一次主办这一国际活动。It+is/was+the first/second/...+that+sb. has/had done sth.为固定句型，表示“这是某人第几次做某事”，该句型主句中be动词是is时，从句中谓语动词用has/have done，be动词是was时，从句中谓语动词用had done；本句中是“It was the first time...”，所以从句中应使用had hosted。故填had hosted。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：湿地被称为地球之肾，与森林和海洋并列为世界三大生态系统。“(know) as the kidneys (肾脏) of the Earth”在句中作伴随状语，know(将……称为)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语wetlands之间是被动关系，用过去分词作状语；句首单词首字母大写。故填Known。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的湿地广阔、多样且分布广泛，从寒温带延伸到热带。“(range) from the cold temperate zone to the hot zone”在句中作伴随状语，range(在一定的范围内变化，变动)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语China’s wetlands之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填ranging。 4. 考查主语从句。句意：值得注意的是，中国已经建立了600多个湿地自然保护区和1600多个湿地公园。“_____ is remarkable”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“(值得注意的)事情”，用连接代词what引导主语从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 5. 考查副词。句意：中国第一部专门保护湿地的法律于今年6月1日生效。提示词修饰动词protecting，用副词specifically作状语，意为“专门地”。故填specifically。 6. 考查介词。句意：武汉，《湿地公约》缔约方大会的主办城市，拥有16.24万公顷的湿地，占其总面积的18.9%。account for是固定短语，意为“占……(比例)”。故填for。 7. 考查时态和语态。句意：6月，武汉被《湿地公约》授予“国际湿地城市”认证，这是对城市湿地生态保护的一项国际荣誉。award(授予，颁发)是谓语动词，与主语Wuhan之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“In June”可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是专有名词，谓语动词用单数形式was awarded。故填was awarded。 8. 考查冠词。句意：6月，武汉被《湿地公约》授予“国际湿地城市”认证，这是对城市湿地生态保护的一项国际荣誉。可数名词honor在句中泛指“一项国际荣誉”，且international发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 9. 考查名词。句意：大自然为人类的生存和发展提供了基本条件。提示词与名词development并列，作宾语，也用名词形式survival，意为“生存”，不可数名词。故填survival。 10. 考查代词。句意：湿地保护是中国实现其绿色发展目标努力的重要组成部分。提示词修饰名词短语green development goals，用形容词性物主代词its，意为“它的”。故填its。 Passage 3 （2025·辽宁·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Maya pyramids (金字塔), often 1 (refer) to as Mayan temples, are among the most representative structures left by the ancient Maya civilization. These architectural wonders, primarily found in present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador, 2 (build) over a period of approximately 2000 years. One of the 3 (famous) Maya pyramids is the Kukulcán Pyramid located in Chichén Itzá, Mexico. This pyramid stands as a proof to the advanced knowledge of astronomy possessed by the Mayans. The structure has four stairs, each with 91 steps, 4 (reach) 364 steps when combined, plus a top step to make 365 — this represents 5 number of days in a solar year. Maya pyramids typically served 6 ceremonial centers rather than tombs like the Egyptian pyramids. At the top of these pyramids lie temples where ceremonies were conducted. Another noteworthy site is the Pyramid of the Magician, which is famous for its impressive construction techniques and 7 (characteristic). The structure’s design allows a whisper at one end 8 (hear) distinctly at the other, though it is about 180 meters across. The Maya pyramids are not only 9 (remark) for their size and architectural skills but also for the cultural and historical insights they offer into a civilization in 10 is now Central America and the Yucatán Peninsula. 【答案】 1. referred 2. were built 3. most famous 4. reaching 5. the 6. as 7. characteristics 8. to be heard 9. remarkable 10. what 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了玛雅金字塔的相关信息，包括其地理位置、建造时间、著名代表的特点，以及玛雅金字塔在文化和历史方面的重要性。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：玛雅金字塔（常被称为玛雅神庙）是古代玛雅文明留下的最具代表性的建筑之一。空处为非谓语动词形式；主语The Maya pyramids和动词短语refer to之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填referred。 2. 考查谓语动词。句意：这些建筑奇迹主要分布在现今的墨西哥、危地马拉、伯利兹、洪都拉斯和萨尔瓦多，其建造时间跨度约2000年。空处为本句谓语动词；根据“over a period of approximately 2000 years”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为These architectural wonders，复数形式，和动词build之间为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用were。故填were built。 3. 考查形容词最高级。句意：最著名的玛雅金字塔之一是位于墨西哥奇琴伊察的库库尔坎金字塔。空处为形容词最高级形式，构成短语：one of the+形容词最高级，意为“最……之一”，符合句意。故填most famous。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这座金字塔证明了玛雅人拥有先进的天文学知识：其结构有四条阶梯，每条阶梯91级，合计364级，加上顶部的一级共365级——这象征着太阳年的天数。空处为非谓语动词担当结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填reaching。 5. 考查固定短语。句意：这座金字塔证明了玛雅人拥有先进的天文学知识：其结构有四条阶梯，每条阶梯91级，合计364级，加上顶部的一级共365级——这象征着太阳年的天数。空处为固定短语：the number of，意为“……的数目”，符合句意。故填the。 6. 考查固定短语。句意：与埃及金字塔不同，玛雅金字塔通常作为仪式中心而非陵墓使用。空处为固定短语：serve as，意为“担当……”，符合句意。故填as。 7. 考查名词的数。句意：另一处值得关注的遗址是魔术师金字塔，其以令人赞叹的建造工艺和独特构造闻名：尽管该建筑跨度约180米，但在一端的低语能在另一端清晰听见。空处为名词形式担当宾语；根据“techniques”可知，空处为名词的复数形式，构成并列的宾语。故填characteristics。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：另一处值得关注的遗址是魔术师金字塔，其以令人赞叹的建造工艺和独特构造闻名：尽管该建筑跨度约180米，但在一端的低语能在另一端清晰听见。空处为非谓语动词形式担当宾语补足语；宾语“a whisper”和动词“hear”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填to be heard。 9. 考查形容词。句意：玛雅金字塔不仅以其规模和建筑技艺令人称奇，更因其为今中美洲和尤卡坦半岛文明提供的文化与历史洞察而意义非凡。空处作表语，用形容词形式remarkable“卓越的，非凡的”。故填remarkable。 10. 考查宾语从句。句意：玛雅金字塔不仅以其规模和建筑技艺令人称奇，更因其为今中美洲和尤卡坦半岛文明提供的文化与历史洞察而意义非凡。空处为宾语从句的引导词，指物，从句中缺少主语，用what引导。故填what。 Passage 4 （2025·广西柳州·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hoarding (囤积症) is a disorder where a person collects items and stores them in a typically chaotic manner, so that their environment grows messy or begins to block the person’s ability to live their life. The hoarded items will not 1 (necessary) have monetary value, because hoarding behavior is more often a sign of anxiety in a person’s life 2 a reflection of the value of the items themselves. The underlying reasons for uncontrollable collecting vary from person to person: Some hoarders save items because they can imagine future uses for them, while others resist 3 (throw) away objects for reasons rooted in sorrow or fear. Actually 4 (link) to anxiety, low mood, or depression, hoarding is not about people being lazy or dirty. When people are emotionally struggling, they don’t always have the energy to look after 5 (they), let alone their homes. In response to sorrow and 6 (lose), people sometimes turn to uncontrolled items collecting, in 7 situation, hoarding disorder can be 8 form of self-neglect, and people experiencing it deserve support and sympathy. Addressing hoarding, especially when such behavior is an extension of otherwise understandable beliefs, 9 (be) difficult. However, putting systems and steps in place around item management will make everyday life easier for those hoarders in the future, lessening such tendencies. 10 is important is to be aware of the way that external stresses may be pushing individuals to develop or deepen hoarding behavior. 【答案】 1. necessarily 2. than 3. throwing 4. linked 5. themselves 6. loss 7. which 8. a 9. is 10. What 【导语】这是一篇说明文。囤积症是一种无序收藏物品的病症，成因因人而异，与情绪问题相关，解决困难，需关注外部压力影响 。 1. 考查副词。句意：囤积的物品不一定有金钱价值，因为与其说囤积行为是物品本身价值的反映，不如说更多时候是一个人生活中其他注意力集中和焦虑的一种表现。have为谓语动词，需用副词修饰，necessary的副词形式是necessarily，作状语，not necessarily表示“不一定”，符合句意。故填necessarily。 2. 考查固定搭配。句意：囤积的物品不一定有金钱价值，因为与其说囤积行为是物品本身价值的反映，不如说更多时候是一个人生活中其他注意力集中和焦虑的一种表现。根据“more often”可知，此处考查“more...than...”结构，意为“与其说……不如说……”。故填than。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一些囤积者保存物品是因为他们可以想象到未来对这些物品的用途，而另一些人则因为悲伤或恐惧的原因而抗拒扔掉这些物品。此空考查resist doing sth.，为固定用法，意为“抗拒做某事”，所以throw要用动名词形式throwing作宾语。故填throwing。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：实际上，囤积症与焦虑、情绪低落或抑郁有关，它并不是因为人们懒惰或不讲卫生。be linked to，表示“与……有关”，此处省略be，用过去分词作状语。故填linked。 5. 考查代词。句意：当人们情绪低落时，他们往往没有足够的精力去照顾自己，更不用说打理自己的家了。 宾语和主语所指相同，因此宾语用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 6. 考查名词。句意：面对悲伤与失落，人们有时会转向无节制的物品收集行为，在这种情况下，囤积症可能是一种自我忽视的表现，而正在经历这种状况的人理应得到支持和同情。作介词的宾语，用名词loss。故填loss。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：面对悲伤与失落，人们有时会转向无节制的物品收集行为，在这种情况下，囤积症可能是一种自我忽视的表现，而正在经历这种状况的人理应得到支持和同情。这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，用关系代词which。in which sense，表示“从这种意义上说”，其在定语从句中表示对先行词在特定语义或逻辑层面的修饰，通常用于抽象概念的限定或说明。故填which。 8. 考查冠词。句意：面对悲伤与失落，人们有时会转向无节制的物品收集行为，在这种情况下，囤积症可能是一种自我忽视的表现，而正在经历这种状况的人理应得到支持和同情。form为可数名词，此处泛指“一种形式”，应用不定冠词修饰，且form为辅音音素开始的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 9. 考查时态。句意：要解决囤积行为问题，尤其是当这种行为是源于一些可以理解的观念的延伸时，确实是一项艰巨的任务。空处为主句谓语动词，根据上文is可知为一般现在时，主语为Addressing hoarding，谓语用单数。故填is。 10. 考查主语从句。句意：重要的是要意识到外部压力是如何促使个体形成或强化囤积行为的。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指代事物，故用what，首字母大写。故填What。 Passage 5 （2025·上海·三模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given ward; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Concerns Regarding Deep-Sea Tourism The depths of the oceans, with their charming mysteries, continue to capture the human imagination. For many, deep-sea tourism provides an opportunity to have a thrilling adventure unlike any 1 With greater commercial access, deep-sea tourism 2 (move) from an upper-class activity to a more accessible venture over the past few years. Various underwater adventures are now available. Luxury operations such as “Lovers Deep,” a St Lucia submarine hotel, cost $300,000 a night. Other, 3 (price-friendly), encounters are the Maldives submarine experience where tourists pay $1,500 for an hour-long dive. Despite the industry’s expansion, safety is an important issue. On March 27, a tourist submarine sank off the Egyptian Red Sea city of Hurghada. The sub was said 4 (experience) mechanical failure prior to sinking. The accident occurred more than a year after the OccanGate Titan submersible (潜水器) explosion on a dive to the Titanic wreck site. Safety concerns point to a lack of regulatory oversight. Submarines and submersibles sail without uniform international regulations, with safety practices 5 (leave) mostly in the hands of private operators. Certified submersibles undergo close inspections by independent organizations. These inspections cover the vessel's structure, life-support systems, and mechanical integrity. The need for third-party inspection 6 not be overstated. However, OceanGate’s Titan submersible notably avoided this process, claiming certification would slow down innovation. Certified submarines are generally safe, but any form of extreme underwater exploration involves certain risks. If something goes wrong, rescue operations for deep-sea vessels are complex and time-sensitive. Most tourist submarines operate at depths 7 divers or other submarines can assist in emergencies. However, vessels like the Titan, which dove to 12,500 feet, exceed most rescue capabilities. Typical tour submarines don’t dive 8 150 feet. At that depth, scuba divers can help if needed. But the deeper you go, the more difficult and slower a rescue becomes. 9 submarines operate also impacts rescues. In places such as Antarctica or the mid-Atlantic, conditions and logistical obstacles hinder quick rescue. In spite of recent tragedies, international regulation of deep-sea tourism is still low and governments do not usually regulate businesses 10 there are repeated failures. Hopefully, high-profile accidents like OceanGate’s explosion or the sinking of Hurghada might alter that. 【答案】 1. other 2. has moved 3. more price-friendly 4. to have experienced 5. left 6. can 7. where 8. beyond 9. Where 10. unless 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨深海旅游的现状、发展趋势及安全隐患，指出其从上层活动转向更普及的同时，存在监管缺失问题，事故频发凸显第三方检查必要性，且深海救援难度随深度和区域条件增加，呼吁加强国际监管。 1. 考查代词。句意：对许多人来说，深海旅游提供了一次激动人心的冒险机会，这是任何其他活动都无法比拟的。此处指代前面的“a thrilling adventure”，any other表示“任何其他的”，符合语境。故填other。 2. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：随着商业渠道的扩大，在过去的几年里，深海旅游已经从一种上层阶级的活动转变为一种更容易接触到的冒险。根据时间状语“over the past few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语“deep-sea tourism”是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has moved。 3. 考查形容词比较级。句意：其他价格更友好的体验是马尔代夫的潜水体验，游客只需支付1,500美元就可以进行一小时的潜水。根据句意可知，此处表示“价格更友好的，更实惠的”，应用形容词比较级more price-friendly。故填more price-friendly。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：据说这艘潜艇在沉没前出现了机械故障。be said to do sth.是固定用法，意为“据说做某事”，且“experience”这一动作发生在“said”之前，应用不定式的完成式。故填to have experienced。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：潜艇和潜水器在没有统一的国际法规的情况下航行，安全措施主要由私人运营商负责。此处是with复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，“safety practices”和“leave”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填left。 6. 考查情态动词。句意：第三方检查的必要性怎么强调都不为过。情态动词can表示“必要性”时，与not连用，意为“怎么强调都不为过”。故填can。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：大多数旅游潜艇在潜水员或其他潜艇无法在紧急情况下提供帮助的深度作业。此处为定语从句，先行词是“depths”，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 8. 考查介词。句意：典型的旅游潜艇下潜不超过150英尺。根据句意可知，此处表示“超出……范围”，应用介词beyond。故填beyond。 9. 考查名词性从句。句意：潜艇的作业地点也会影响救援。此处为主语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Where。 10. 考查状语从句。句意：尽管最近发生了悲剧，但深海旅游业的国际监管仍然很低，政府通常不会在出现多次失败的情况下对企业进行监管。根据句意可知，此处表示“在……情况下”，应用unless引导条件状语从句。故填unless。 22 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$