专题 S307 语法填空之有提示词-【弯道超车-备战毕业班】2025年 高中英语新高三 暑假自学培优提升学案（全国通用）

新高三毕业班·衔接讲义 专题 S307 语法填空之有提示词 暑假自习提升（全国通用） 内 容 提 要 考点速览 思维导图，把握考点框架 精讲精练 讲练结合，梳理关键考点 难点突破 突出重难点，全面提升能力 真题演练 感受真题，快速突破壁垒 考点一：动词时态 核心要点梳理 1. 一般现在时 o 用法：表经常性动作（如：He often reads books）、客观真理（The earth moves around the sun）或按时刻表安排的将来（The train starts at 8 a.m.）。 o 标志词：often, usually, every day, always, seldom 等。 o 特殊考点：瞬间动词（come, go, leave）用一般现在时表将来（The plane takes off at 10:00）。 2. 一般过去时 o 用法：表过去某时发生的动作或状态（She bought a car yesterday）。 o 标志词：yesterday, last week, ago, in 2020, the other day 等。 o 注意：不规则动词过去式（如：buy→bought, think→thought）。 3. 现在进行时 o 用法：表此刻正在进行的动作（He is writing a letter），或近期计划的将来（She is arriving tomorrow）。 o 标志词：now, at present, look, listen, currently 等。 o 特殊动词：go, come, leave, start 等用现在进行时表将来（We are leaving for Beijing next week）。 4. 过去进行时 o 用法：表过去某时正在进行的动作（They were talking when I entered）。 o 标志词：at 8:00 yesterday, when/while + 过去时从句（如：While she was cooking, the phone rang）。 5. 现在完成时 o 用法： o 过去动作对现在的影响（He has finished his work, so he can play now）。 o 动作从过去持续到现在（He has lived here for 5 years/since 2018）。 o 标志词：already, yet, just, so far, ever, never, for + 时间段，since + 时间点。 o 注意：瞬间动词（die, marry）不可与 for/since 连用，需转化为延续性动词（如：die→be dead）。 6. 过去完成时 o 用法：表 “过去的过去”（By last year, she had learned 3 languages；He had left before I arrived）。 o 标志词：by + 过去时间，before + 过去时间，had + 过去分词。 7. 一般将来时 o 结构： o will + 动词原形（表临时决定） o be going to + 动词原形（表计划 / 迹象） o be to do（表官方计划）/be about to do（表即将发生） o 标志词：tomorrow, next week, in the future, soon 等。 8. 过去将来时 o 用法：表从过去某时看将来的动作（He said he would come back soon；They were going to leave that day）。 o 结构：would + 动词原形 /was/were going to + 动词原形。 对点练习（5小题） 1. So far, our country ______ (make) great achievements in space exploration. 2. The other day, I ______ (order) a digital camera online and saved $50. 3. Family-friendly facilities ______ (develop) in the city in the following years. 4. When they heard piano music, they thought their son Ethan ______ (listen) to a CD. 5. Before my marriage ended, everything I ______ (own) was sold to pay debts. 考点二：动词语态 核心要点梳理 1. 被动语态基本结构 o 构成：be + 过去分词，时态由 be 动词变化决定： o 一般现在时：am/is/are + done（The book is written by her） o 一般过去时：was/were + done（The house was built in 2000） o 现在完成时：have/has been + done（The work has been finished） o 一般将来时：will be + done（A new school will be built here） 2. 特殊用法与考点 o 使役 / 感官动词被动还原 to： o 主动：make/let/have sb. do → 被动：sb. be made to do（如：He was made to work 10 hours a day） o 主动：see/hear/watch sb. do → 被动：sb. be seen to do（He was seen to enter the room） o 主动表被动的情况： o 不及物动词 + 副词（sell, wash, write, read）： o The pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很顺滑） o This kind of shirt sells well.（这种衬衫很畅销） o 系动词（feel, look, smell, taste）+ 形容词： o The skirt feels soft.（裙子摸起来很软） o The food tastes delicious.（食物尝起来很美味） o need/want/require + doing = need to be done： o My car needs washing. = My car needs to be washed.（我的车需要清洗） o 无被动语态的动词： o 不及物动词：happen（发生）, break out（爆发）, belong to（属于）, result from（源于） o 及物动词：cost（花费）, fit（适合）, have（拥有）, suit（匹配） o 例：The accident happened yesterday.（事故发生在昨天） This coat fits me well.（这件外套很适合我） o 双宾语被动语态： o 主动：give sb. sth. → 被动：sb. be given sth. 或 sth. be given to sb. o 例：He gave me a book. → I was given a book. / A book was given to me. 对点练习（5小题） 1. It was said that the flight to New York ______ (cancel) due to heavy fog. 2. Earlier this summer, 90 employees ______ (hire) to guard the company’s doors. 3. The eggs that ______ (deposit) in warm sand by females are never cared for. 4. More expressways ______ (build) in Sichuan soon to boost the local economy. 5. Nowadays, new functions ______ (add) to cell phones continuously. 考点三：非谓语动词 核心要点梳理 1. 动词不定式（to do） o 基本用法： o 作宾语：接在 want, decide, plan, hope, agree 等动词后 o 例：I want to buy a new laptop.（我想买一台新笔记本电脑） o 作定语：后置修饰名词，表 “将要做” o 例：I have something important to tell you.（我有重要的事告诉你） o 作状语：表目的、结果、原因 o 目的：He got up early to catch the first bus.（他早起赶首班车） o 结果：He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.（他赶到车站却发现火车已开走） o 原因：I’m glad to see you.（见到你我很高兴） o 作宾补： o 接 to do 的动词：ask, tell, want, allow, encourage（如：He asked me to help him） o 省略 to 的动词（使役 / 感官动词）：make, let, have, see, hear（如：I saw him enter the room） o 特殊句型： o too...to...（太…… 而不能）：He is too young to go to school. o adj. + enough to do（足够…… 做）：The child is old enough to go to school. o It’s + adj. + for/of sb. to do：It’s important for us to learn English. 2. 动名词（doing） o 基本用法： o 作宾语：接在 enjoy, finish, mind, practice, avoid 等动词后 o 例：She enjoys listening to music.（她喜欢听音乐） o 作主语：Reading is good for us.（阅读对我们有好处） o 作表语：My job is teaching English.（我的工作是教英语） o 作定语：a swimming pool（游泳池）, a reading room（阅览室） o 固定搭配： o give up doing（放弃做）, be good at doing（擅长做） o look forward to doing（期待做）, be used to doing（习惯于做） o can’t help doing（忍不住做）, be worth doing（值得做） 3. 分词（现在分词 / 过去分词） o 现在分词（doing）：表主动或进行 o 作定语：a running boy（正在跑的男孩）, a developing country（发展中国家） o 作状语：表时间、原因、伴随 o 时间：Hearing the news, she cried.（听到消息时，她哭了） o 原因：Being ill, he didn’t go to school.（因为生病，他没去上学） o 伴随：She sat there, reading a book.（她坐在那里看书） o 作宾补：see/hear/watch sb. doing（如：I saw him running in the park） o 过去分词（done）：表被动或完成 o 作定语：a broken cup（打碎的杯子）, a written report（书面报告） o 作状语：表时间、条件、原因 o 时间：Seen from the sky, the city is beautiful.（从空中看，城市很美） o 条件：Given more time, I can finish the work.（如果给更多时间，我能完成工作） o 原因：Moved by the story, she cried.（被故事感动，她哭了） o 作宾补：have/get sth. done（如：I had my hair cut yesterday） 对点练习（5小题） 1. The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul has a long history ______ (date) back to 1455. 2. His ______ (laugh) at in public made him feel embarrassed. 3. ______ (expose) to freezing weather, tourists still choose to visit Antarctica. 4. They hurried to the beach only ______ (find) a baby seal lying there. 5. They all appreciated ______ (give) the opportunity to study abroad. 考点四：词性词形转化 核心要点梳理 1. 形容词与副词的转化 o 规则变化： o 多数形容词 + ly：quick→quickly, careful→carefully o 以 e 结尾： o 辅音 + e：terrible→terribly, gentle→gently o 元音 + e：true→truly, due→due ly（例外：whole→wholly） o 以 y 结尾（辅音 + y）：happy→happily, easy→easily o 以 le 结尾：possible→possibly, terrible→terribly o 不规则变化： o good→well, fast→fast, hard→hard, late→late 2. 形容词与名词的转化 o 形容词→名词： o 加 - ness：happy→happiness, kind→kindness o 加 - tion/-sion/-ation： develop→development, discuss→discussion, educate→education o 加 - ance/-ence：important→importance, different→difference o 特殊：true→truth, free→freedom o 名词→形容词： o 加 - ful：care→careful, hope→hopeful o 加 - less：care→care less, use→useless o 加 - al：music→musical, nature→natural o 加 - ous：danger→dangerous, fame→famous o 加 - ic：history→historic, economy→economic 3. 动词与名词的转化 o 动词→名词： o 加 - ing（表动作 / 结果）：build→building, paint→painting o 加 - or/-er（表人）：teach→teacher, work→worker o 加 - tion/-sion（表动作 / 状态）：act→action, decide→decision o 特殊：die→death, arrive→arrival o 名词→动词： o 加 - ize：computer→computerize, modern→modernize o 加 - en：strength→strengthen, wide→widen o 直接转化：hand（n. 手→v. 传递）, face（n. 脸→v. 面对） 4. 其他转化（代词 / 数词等） o 人称代词→反身代词：I→myself, we→ourselves o 基数词→序数词：one→first, two→second o 名词→代词：I→mine（名词性物主代词） 对点练习（5小题） 1. Skye received a ______ (profession) diagnosis of dyslexia at the end of 2nd grade. 2. These locations show the highest scientific value in geology ______ (globe). 3. Since 1972, it has become the ______ (large) environment celebration worldwide. 4. By ______ (host) World Environment Day, China shows its environmental progress. 5. She emphasized the ______ (relevant) of historical events to modern society. 一、动词时态易错难点 1. 现在完成时与一般过去时的混淆 难点表现：学生易忽略 “过去动作对现在的影响”，误用一般过去时。如：“So far, he ___(finish) his work.” 易错填 finished，实则 so far 需用现在完成时 has finished。 突破要点： o 现在完成时强调 “结果关联现在”（如 He has left, so he can’t answer the phone）；一般过去时仅描述过去动作（He left yesterday）。 o 标志词区分：nowadays/so far/for + 时间段用完成时；yesterday/ago 用过去时。 2. 瞬间动词与延续性动词的误用 难点表现：在 for/since 结构中用瞬间动词，如 “His grandpa ___(die) for 5 years.” 错填 died，应为 has been dead。 突破要点： o 瞬间动词（die/marry/leave）不可与 for/since 连用，需转化为延续性动词（die→be dead, marry→be married）。 o 记忆口诀：“来 come 去 goleave，开始 start 结束 end，死亡 die 买 buy 卖 sell，结婚 marry 借 borrow，瞬间动作变延续，be + 形容词 / 介词短语”。 3. 过去完成时的时间判断 难点表现：无法识别 “过去的过去”，如 “By the time she arrived, he ___(leave).” 易错填 left，应为 had left。 突破要点： o 过去完成时需存在两个过去动作，先发生的用 had done，后发生的用过去时（如 He had eaten before he went out）。 o 标志词：by + 过去时间（by 2020）、before + 过去动作（before she came）。 二、动词语态易错难点 1. 主动表被动的结构混淆 难点表现：忽略不及物动词 + 副词的主动表被动用法，如 “The book ___(sell) well.” 错填 is sold，实为 sells。 突破要点： o 当动词表示 “主语内在属性”（如 sell/wash/write），用主动形式表被动意义（The pen writes smoothly）。 o 区分：被动语态强调 “动作承受”（The book was sold by him），主动表被动强调 “事物特性”。 2. 使役动词被动还原 to 的遗漏 难点表现：被动语态中忘记还原 to，如 “He was made ___(work) all day.” 错填 work，正确为 to work。 突破要点： o 主动语态中 make/let/have sb. do，被动时需加 to（sb. be made to do）。 o 记忆口诀：“一感（feel）二听（hear/listen to）三让（make/let/have）四看（see/watch/notice/observe），主动省 to 被动加。” 3. 无被动动词的误用 难点表现：对 happen/belong to 等动词用被动，如 “The accident was happened yesterday.” 应为 happened。 突破要点： o 不及物动词（happen/break out）、表所属的动词（belong to）、表花费的动词（cost）无被动语态。 o 例：The house belongs to him.（√）；The house is belonged to him.（×） 三、非谓语动词易错难点 1. 不定式与动名词作宾语的混淆 难点表现：混淆接 to do 或 doing 的动词，如 “Remember ___(lock) the door.” 错填 locking（应为 to lock）。 突破要点： o 接 to do 表 “未做”（remember to do 记得去做），接 doing 表 “已做”（remember doing 记得做过）。 o 分类记忆： o 只接 to do：want/decide/plan o 只接 doing：enjoy/mind/finish o 两者均可（意义不同）：stop to do（停下做另一件事）/stop doing（停止正在做的事） 2. 现在分词与过去分词的逻辑关系判断 难点表现：分不清主动 / 被动，如 “___(see) from the sky, the city is beautiful.” 错填 Seeing（应为 Seen）。 突破要点： o 现在分词（doing）表主动（主语发出动作），过去分词（done）表被动（主语承受动作）。 o 步骤：找非谓语的逻辑主语→判断主被动→选形式。例：句中 see 的逻辑主语是 the city，城市 “被看”，用 Seen。 3. 不定式作结果状语的特殊用法 难点表现：忽略 only to do 表意外结果，如 “He arrived late only ___(find) the door closed.” 错填 finding（应为 to find）。 突破要点： o only to do 表示 “出乎意料的结果”（如 He studied hard only to fail. 努力却失败）。 o 现在分词 doing 表 “自然结果”（It rained heavily, causing floods. 大雨导致洪水）。 四、词性词形转化易错难点 1. 形容词变副词的规则遗漏 难点表现：错写 terrible→terriblely（应为 terribly）、true→truely（应为 truly）。 突破要点： o 以 - ble/-ple 结尾去 e 加 y：terrible→terribly, possible→possibly o 以辅音 + y 结尾变 i 加 ly：happy→happily, easy→easily o 特殊变化：true→truly, whole→wholly, good→well 2. 名词后缀的混淆（-tion/-ment 等） 难点表现：develop→developion（应为 development）、argue→arguement（应为 argument）。 突破要点： o 动词以 e 结尾去 e 加 - tion：develop→development, educate→education o 动词以辅音 + y 结尾变 i 加 - ment：argue→argument, employ→employment o 记忆常见例外：action（act）, decision（decide） 3. 形容词与副词功能的误用 难点表现：用形容词修饰动词，如 “He runs quick.” 应为 quickly。 突破要点： o 形容词修饰名词（a quick runner），副词修饰动词 / 形容词 / 句子（run quickly, very quick, luckily）。 o 例外：feel/look/smell 等系动词后接形容词（He feels happy）。 真题速递 1. [2025·新高考I卷] We hope 58 (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalism art, conceptual art and expressionism. 2. [2025·新高考I卷]You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your 59(guide) till they lose, explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 3. [2024·新高考Ⅰ卷]Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 4. [2024·新高考I卷]These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants. 5. [2024年1月浙江高考真题]If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 62 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 6. [2024·新高考Ⅰ卷]The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 7. [2024·新高考II卷]“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 8. [2024·新高考II卷]A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 9. [2024年1月浙江高考真题]Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. 10. [2023·新高考I卷]Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 11. [2024·新高考II卷]Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers. 12. [2024·新高考II卷]___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion. 名校模拟 Passage 1 （2025·山东泰安·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The northern branch of the Palace Museum is a key cultural project in Beijing in 2025, expected 1 (complete) by October. “Covering over 100,000 square meters, it’s now at a stage in 2 its main structure is going through a construction phase, 3 the main buildings gradually taking shape. The outside surface of the branch’s buildings has red walls and golden 4 (roof) to match the Palace Museum’s architectural aesthetics. Once completed, the northern extension will provide 5 expanded space for the Palace Museum’s cultural relic restoration projects. Also, special cultural relics with strict requirements for their exhibition environment such as calligraphic works, textiles, and paintings, will undergo much better restoration in the new branch. Nowadays, the Palace Museum 6 (house) over 1.86 million cultural relics. To better preserve such cultural relics, 7 (pioneer) building techniques are being used for the new northern branch, with a focus on 8 (stable). Modern high-tech materials will also be used in the construction. When cracks smaller than 0.6 millimeters form, the advanced concrete will be able to “repair” itself, greatly 9 (enhance) the longevity of the structures. Restoration of cultural relics is not the branch’s only goal. Once completed, the advanced facility will feature 12 exhibition halls 10 (build) with high-tech designs, covering approximately 35,000 square meters. Between 20,000 and 30,000 of the Palace Museum’s cultural relics will be displayed at the new site every year. Passage 2 （2025·江西新余·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Unlike common exhibitions, this collection of Chinese wooden furniture — in actual fact just a few dozen pieces — invited viewers 11 (appreciate) it. Visitors could not only admire the craftsmanship but also get hands-on experience by assembling sunmao (榫卯) joints and 12 (close) enjoying the distinct fragrance (香味) of various types of wood. For over three months, the exhibition Elegance of Woodcraft: Timeless Beauty, 13 concluded on Sunday, had drawn more than I million visitors to the Summer Palace Museum in Beijing. 14 exhibit traced the development of classical Chinese wooden furniture, its cultural significance, and the combination of the East and the West in the designs 15 (date) back to the Ming (1368~1644) and Qing (1644~1911) dynasties. 16 display were 83 precious pieces and sets of furniture. In recent years, 17 (small), more elegant exhibitions of traditional Chinese wooden furniture 18 (become) popular. Craftsmen and cultural relic restorers, co-working with curators (策展人), have used modern exhibition 19 (technique) to show the complicated craftsmanship and deep cultural legacy in Chinese wooden furniture, breathing new life into this cultural heritage. The Summer Palace exhibition 20 (hold) to celebrate the 110th anniversary of the palace’s public opening. It focused on Ming and Qing furniture relics from classical gardens, including a wide range of traditional furniture styles and types. Passage 3 （2025·山西太原·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wang Xiaoming (1980-) is one of the most outstanding contemporary Chinese figures in the field of artificial intelligence robot manufacturing, 21 has made remarkable achievements in this area and is not restricted by traditional manufacturing methods like many other engineers. He developed an interest in robotics at 22 very young age. With intense passion and unremitting efforts, he 23 (master) advanced technologies in robot programming, mechanical design, and sensor applications. One of the 24 (individual) who had a crucial influence on Wang Xiaoming was Professor Li, a renowned robotics expert from a top-tier university in China. Wang Xiaoming is well-known in the robotics industry for the innovation and high-efficiency that he has brought to various types of robots, such as service robots, industrial robots, 25 educational robots. In recent years, he has shifted his research focus to humanoid robots and robots for medical care. Notably, Wang Xiaoming is famous for developing a series of intelligent service robots that can interact with humans naturally. In 2020, he 26 (select) as the leader of the National Robot Innovation Team and 27 (brief) served as the chief consultant of the China Robotics Association, 28 was founded in 2015. In summary, by 29 (utilize) cutting-edge algorithms, high-precision sensors, and advanced materials, Wang Xiaoming has succeeded in creating intelligent and practical robots that have improved people’s lives and promoted industrial development. Wang Xiaoming’s works continue to inspire the robotics community with their unique combination of traditional Chinese engineering wisdom and modern AI technologies, 30 (ensure) his position as an important figure in the history of Chinese robotics. Passage 4 （2025·湖南长沙·三模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 With the popularization of smartphones and the convenience of reading e-books, how can traditional brick-and-mortar bookstores transform 31 (rise) to the challenge and break through in the decline? Dujiangyan Zhong Shuge is perhaps a very good example. Inspired by the complex river system that exists in Dujiangyan county, the two-story space embodies Chongqing’s unique geographical environment 32 an “8D Mountain City”. Zigzagging (曲折的) staircases are designed like mountain peaks, intertwined and complex. The ceiling is covered with mirrors, and being there 33 (give) people the illusion (错觉) that the mountain stairs are piercing the sky, much like the magical space in “Harry Potter”, fantastical and fun. In addition to the mountain-shaped stairs and mirrored ceilings 34 (correspond) with Chongqing’s geographical environment, the giant “lampshade 35 (bookshelf)” that can be seen everywhere in the lobby of Dujiangyan Zhongshuge, look like endless mountain ranges. Here, a city unfolds before your very eyes 36 you listen to the dialogue between culture and wisdom, interpret the cultural thoughts condensed (浓缩) in a historical context, experience ancient feelings with a 37 (poet) flavor, and picture the dream in your minds. 38 it be the tile (瓷砖) technology used to represent ancient wisdom in the reading area, or the bamboo sea display in the 39 (children) reading area that captures a sense of happiness and innocence, or the portrayal of natural scenery in the literary area, the design elements aim to create 40 ideal destination for the soul, marked by the harmonious coexistence of livability and natural ecology. Passage 5 （2025·河北·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 DeepSeek is a technology company that focuses on developing advanced artificial intelligence (AI) solutions. 41 (base) in China, the company aims to create intelligent systems that can help businesses and individuals solve complex problems more 42 (efficient). DeepSeek’s mission is to make AI 43 (access) and useful for everyone, regardless 44 their technical background. One of the key areas 45 DeepSeek excels is in natural language processing (NLP).This technology allows computers 46 (understand) and respond to human language in a way that feels natural and intuitive. For example, DeepSeek’s AI can be used to build chatbots that provide customer support, analyze large amounts of text data, or even assist in writing and editing documents. Another important focus for DeepSeek is machine learning, which enables computers to learn from data and improve their performance over time. This technology is used in various 47 (application), such as predicting trends, and recognizing patterns. DeepSeek’s machine learning models are created to be both powerful and easy to use, 48 (make) them suitable for a wide range of industries, from finance to healthcare. DeepSeek is also committed to ethical (合乎道德的) AI development. The company ensures that its technologies 49 (design) with fairness, transparency (透明), and privacy in mind. By doing so, DeepSeek aims to build trust with its users 50 contribute to the responsible growth of AI. 14 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$新高三毕业班·衔接讲义 专题 S307 语法填空之有提示词 暑假自习提升（全国通用） 内 容 提 要 考点速览 思维导图，把握考点框架 精讲精练 讲练结合，梳理关键考点 难点突破 突出重难点，全面提升能力 真题演练 感受真题，快速突破壁垒 考点一：动词时态 核心要点梳理 1. 一般现在时 o 用法：表经常性动作（如：He often reads books）、客观真理（The earth moves around the sun）或按时刻表安排的将来（The train starts at 8 a.m.）。 o 标志词：often, usually, every day, always, seldom 等。 o 特殊考点：瞬间动词（come, go, leave）用一般现在时表将来（The plane takes off at 10:00）。 2. 一般过去时 o 用法：表过去某时发生的动作或状态（She bought a car yesterday）。 o 标志词：yesterday, last week, ago, in 2020, the other day 等。 o 注意：不规则动词过去式（如：buy→bought, think→thought）。 3. 现在进行时 o 用法：表此刻正在进行的动作（He is writing a letter），或近期计划的将来（She is arriving tomorrow）。 o 标志词：now, at present, look, listen, currently 等。 o 特殊动词：go, come, leave, start 等用现在进行时表将来（We are leaving for Beijing next week）。 4. 过去进行时 o 用法：表过去某时正在进行的动作（They were talking when I entered）。 o 标志词：at 8:00 yesterday, when/while + 过去时从句（如：While she was cooking, the phone rang）。 5. 现在完成时 o 用法： o 过去动作对现在的影响（He has finished his work, so he can play now）。 o 动作从过去持续到现在（He has lived here for 5 years/since 2018）。 o 标志词：already, yet, just, so far, ever, never, for + 时间段，since + 时间点。 o 注意：瞬间动词（die, marry）不可与 for/since 连用，需转化为延续性动词（如：die→be dead）。 6. 过去完成时 o 用法：表 “过去的过去”（By last year, she had learned 3 languages；He had left before I arrived）。 o 标志词：by + 过去时间，before + 过去时间，had + 过去分词。 7. 一般将来时 o 结构： o will + 动词原形（表临时决定） o be going to + 动词原形（表计划 / 迹象） o be to do（表官方计划）/be about to do（表即将发生） o 标志词：tomorrow, next week, in the future, soon 等。 8. 过去将来时 o 用法：表从过去某时看将来的动作（He said he would come back soon；They were going to leave that day）。 o 结构：would + 动词原形 /was/were going to + 动词原形。 对点练习（5小题） 1. So far, our country ______ (make) great achievements in space exploration. 答案：has made 解析：so far 是现在完成时标志，主语 our country 为单数，故用 has made。 2. The other day, I ______ (order) a digital camera online and saved $50. 答案：ordered 解析：the other day 表过去时间，用一般过去时 ordered。 3. Family-friendly facilities ______ (develop) in the city in the following years. 答案：will be developed 解析：in the following years 表将来，设施 “被研发”，用一般将来时被动语态。 4. When they heard piano music, they thought their son Ethan ______ (listen) to a CD. 答案：was listening 解析：主句为过去时，从句表过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。 5. Before my marriage ended, everything I ______ (own) was sold to pay debts. 答案：had owned 解析：“拥有” 发生在 “被出售” 之前，为 “过去的过去”，用过去完成时。 考点二：动词语态 核心要点梳理 1. 被动语态基本结构 o 构成：be + 过去分词，时态由 be 动词变化决定： o 一般现在时：am/is/are + done（The book is written by her） o 一般过去时：was/were + done（The house was built in 2000） o 现在完成时：have/has been + done（The work has been finished） o 一般将来时：will be + done（A new school will be built here） 2. 特殊用法与考点 o 使役 / 感官动词被动还原 to： o 主动：make/let/have sb. do → 被动：sb. be made to do（如：He was made to work 10 hours a day） o 主动：see/hear/watch sb. do → 被动：sb. be seen to do（He was seen to enter the room） o 主动表被动的情况： o 不及物动词 + 副词（sell, wash, write, read）： o The pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很顺滑） o This kind of shirt sells well.（这种衬衫很畅销） o 系动词（feel, look, smell, taste）+ 形容词： o The skirt feels soft.（裙子摸起来很软） o The food tastes delicious.（食物尝起来很美味） o need/want/require + doing = need to be done： o My car needs washing. = My car needs to be washed.（我的车需要清洗） o 无被动语态的动词： o 不及物动词：happen（发生）, break out（爆发）, belong to（属于）, result from（源于） o 及物动词：cost（花费）, fit（适合）, have（拥有）, suit（匹配） o 例：The accident happened yesterday.（事故发生在昨天） This coat fits me well.（这件外套很适合我） o 双宾语被动语态： o 主动：give sb. sth. → 被动：sb. be given sth. 或 sth. be given to sb. o 例：He gave me a book. → I was given a book. / A book was given to me. 对点练习（5小题） 1. It was said that the flight to New York ______ (cancel) due to heavy fog. 答案：had been canceled 解析：航班 “被取消” 发生在 “据说” 之前，为过去完成时被动语态，故用 had been canceled。 2. Earlier this summer, 90 employees ______ (hire) to guard the company’s doors. 答案：were hired 解析：“今年夏天早些时候” 表过去，员工 “被雇佣”，用一般过去时被动语态，主语复数，故用 were hired。 3. The eggs that ______ (deposit) in warm sand by females are never cared for. 答案：were deposited 解析：描述过去事实，蛋 “被产下”，用一般过去时被动语态，故填 were deposited。 4. More expressways ______ (build) in Sichuan soon to boost the local economy. 答案：will be built 解析：soon 表将来，高速路 “被修建”，用一般将来时被动语态，故填 will be built。 5. Nowadays, new functions ______ (add) to cell phones continuously. 答案：are being added 解析：nowadays 表现在，功能 “被添加” 且动作持续进行，用现在进行时被动语态，故填 are being added。 考点三：非谓语动词 核心要点梳理 1. 动词不定式（to do） o 基本用法： o 作宾语：接在 want, decide, plan, hope, agree 等动词后 o 例：I want to buy a new laptop.（我想买一台新笔记本电脑） o 作定语：后置修饰名词，表 “将要做” o 例：I have something important to tell you.（我有重要的事告诉你） o 作状语：表目的、结果、原因 o 目的：He got up early to catch the first bus.（他早起赶首班车） o 结果：He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.（他赶到车站却发现火车已开走） o 原因：I’m glad to see you.（见到你我很高兴） o 作宾补： o 接 to do 的动词：ask, tell, want, allow, encourage（如：He asked me to help him） o 省略 to 的动词（使役 / 感官动词）：make, let, have, see, hear（如：I saw him enter the room） o 特殊句型： o too...to...（太…… 而不能）：He is too young to go to school. o adj. + enough to do（足够…… 做）：The child is old enough to go to school. o It’s + adj. + for/of sb. to do：It’s important for us to learn English. 2. 动名词（doing） o 基本用法： o 作宾语：接在 enjoy, finish, mind, practice, avoid 等动词后 o 例：She enjoys listening to music.（她喜欢听音乐） o 作主语：Reading is good for us.（阅读对我们有好处） o 作表语：My job is teaching English.（我的工作是教英语） o 作定语：a swimming pool（游泳池）, a reading room（阅览室） o 固定搭配： o give up doing（放弃做）, be good at doing（擅长做） o look forward to doing（期待做）, be used to doing（习惯于做） o can’t help doing（忍不住做）, be worth doing（值得做） 3. 分词（现在分词 / 过去分词） o 现在分词（doing）：表主动或进行 o 作定语：a running boy（正在跑的男孩）, a developing country（发展中国家） o 作状语：表时间、原因、伴随 o 时间：Hearing the news, she cried.（听到消息时，她哭了） o 原因：Being ill, he didn’t go to school.（因为生病，他没去上学） o 伴随：She sat there, reading a book.（她坐在那里看书） o 作宾补：see/hear/watch sb. doing（如：I saw him running in the park） o 过去分词（done）：表被动或完成 o 作定语：a broken cup（打碎的杯子）, a written report（书面报告） o 作状语：表时间、条件、原因 o 时间：Seen from the sky, the city is beautiful.（从空中看，城市很美） o 条件：Given more time, I can finish the work.（如果给更多时间，我能完成工作） o 原因：Moved by the story, she cried.（被故事感动，她哭了） o 作宾补：have/get sth. done（如：I had my hair cut yesterday） 对点练习（5小题） 1. The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul has a long history ______ (date) back to 1455. 答案：dating 解析：history 与 date back to 为主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语，故填 dating。 2. His ______ (laugh) at in public made him feel embarrassed. 答案：being laughed 解析：动名词被动形式作主语，“他被嘲笑”，故填 being laughed。 3. ______ (expose) to freezing weather, tourists still choose to visit Antarctica. 答案：Exposed 解析：游客 “被暴露” 在寒冷中，用过去分词作状语，故填 Exposed。 4. They hurried to the beach only ______ (find) a baby seal lying there. 答案：to find 解析：only to do 表意料之外的结果，“结果发现”，故填 to find。 5. They all appreciated ______ (give) the opportunity to study abroad. 答案：being given 解析：动名词被动形式作宾语，“被给予机会”，故填 being given。 考点四：词性词形转化 核心要点梳理 1. 形容词与副词的转化 o 规则变化： o 多数形容词 + ly：quick→quickly, careful→carefully o 以 e 结尾： o 辅音 + e：terrible→terribly, gentle→gently o 元音 + e：true→truly, due→due ly（例外：whole→wholly） o 以 y 结尾（辅音 + y）：happy→happily, easy→easily o 以 le 结尾：possible→possibly, terrible→terribly o 不规则变化： o good→well, fast→fast, hard→hard, late→late 2. 形容词与名词的转化 o 形容词→名词： o 加 - ness：happy→happiness, kind→kindness o 加 - tion/-sion/-ation： develop→development, discuss→discussion, educate→education o 加 - ance/-ence：important→importance, different→difference o 特殊：true→truth, free→freedom o 名词→形容词： o 加 - ful：care→careful, hope→hopeful o 加 - less：care→care less, use→useless o 加 - al：music→musical, nature→natural o 加 - ous：danger→dangerous, fame→famous o 加 - ic：history→historic, economy→economic 3. 动词与名词的转化 o 动词→名词： o 加 - ing（表动作 / 结果）：build→building, paint→painting o 加 - or/-er（表人）：teach→teacher, work→worker o 加 - tion/-sion（表动作 / 状态）：act→action, decide→decision o 特殊：die→death, arrive→arrival o 名词→动词： o 加 - ize：computer→computerize, modern→modernize o 加 - en：strength→strengthen, wide→widen o 直接转化：hand（n. 手→v. 传递）, face（n. 脸→v. 面对） 4. 其他转化（代词 / 数词等） o 人称代词→反身代词：I→myself, we→ourselves o 基数词→序数词：one→first, two→second o 名词→代词：I→mine（名词性物主代词） 对点练习（5小题） 1. Skye received a ______ (profession) diagnosis of dyslexia at the end of 2nd grade. 答案：professional 解析：形容词修饰名词 diagnosis，“专业的”，故填 professional。 2. These locations show the highest scientific value in geology ______ (globe). 答案：globally 解析：副词修饰介词短语 in geology，“在全球范围内”，故填 globally。 3. Since 1972, it has become the ______ (large) environment celebration worldwide. 答案：largest 解析：the + 最高级，“最大的”，故填 largest。 4. By ______ (host) World Environment Day, China shows its environmental progress. 答案：hosting 解析：介词 by 后接动名词，“举办”，故填 hosting。 5. She emphasized the ______ (relevant) of historical events to modern society. 答案：relevance 解析：名词作宾语，“相关性”，故填 relevance。 一、动词时态易错难点 1. 现在完成时与一般过去时的混淆 难点表现：学生易忽略 “过去动作对现在的影响”，误用一般过去时。如：“So far, he ___(finish) his work.” 易错填 finished，实则 so far 需用现在完成时 has finished。 突破要点： o 现在完成时强调 “结果关联现在”（如 He has left, so he can’t answer the phone）；一般过去时仅描述过去动作（He left yesterday）。 o 标志词区分：nowadays/so far/for + 时间段用完成时；yesterday/ago 用过去时。 2. 瞬间动词与延续性动词的误用 难点表现：在 for/since 结构中用瞬间动词，如 “His grandpa ___(die) for 5 years.” 错填 died，应为 has been dead。 突破要点： o 瞬间动词（die/marry/leave）不可与 for/since 连用，需转化为延续性动词（die→be dead, marry→be married）。 o 记忆口诀：“来 come 去 goleave，开始 start 结束 end，死亡 die 买 buy 卖 sell，结婚 marry 借 borrow，瞬间动作变延续，be + 形容词 / 介词短语”。 3. 过去完成时的时间判断 难点表现：无法识别 “过去的过去”，如 “By the time she arrived, he ___(leave).” 易错填 left，应为 had left。 突破要点： o 过去完成时需存在两个过去动作，先发生的用 had done，后发生的用过去时（如 He had eaten before he went out）。 o 标志词：by + 过去时间（by 2020）、before + 过去动作（before she came）。 二、动词语态易错难点 1. 主动表被动的结构混淆 难点表现：忽略不及物动词 + 副词的主动表被动用法，如 “The book ___(sell) well.” 错填 is sold，实为 sells。 突破要点： o 当动词表示 “主语内在属性”（如 sell/wash/write），用主动形式表被动意义（The pen writes smoothly）。 o 区分：被动语态强调 “动作承受”（The book was sold by him），主动表被动强调 “事物特性”。 2. 使役动词被动还原 to 的遗漏 难点表现：被动语态中忘记还原 to，如 “He was made ___(work) all day.” 错填 work，正确为 to work。 突破要点： o 主动语态中 make/let/have sb. do，被动时需加 to（sb. be made to do）。 o 记忆口诀：“一感（feel）二听（hear/listen to）三让（make/let/have）四看（see/watch/notice/observe），主动省 to 被动加。” 3. 无被动动词的误用 难点表现：对 happen/belong to 等动词用被动，如 “The accident was happened yesterday.” 应为 happened。 突破要点： o 不及物动词（happen/break out）、表所属的动词（belong to）、表花费的动词（cost）无被动语态。 o 例：The house belongs to him.（√）；The house is belonged to him.（×） 三、非谓语动词易错难点 1. 不定式与动名词作宾语的混淆 难点表现：混淆接 to do 或 doing 的动词，如 “Remember ___(lock) the door.” 错填 locking（应为 to lock）。 突破要点： o 接 to do 表 “未做”（remember to do 记得去做），接 doing 表 “已做”（remember doing 记得做过）。 o 分类记忆： o 只接 to do：want/decide/plan o 只接 doing：enjoy/mind/finish o 两者均可（意义不同）：stop to do（停下做另一件事）/stop doing（停止正在做的事） 2. 现在分词与过去分词的逻辑关系判断 难点表现：分不清主动 / 被动，如 “___(see) from the sky, the city is beautiful.” 错填 Seeing（应为 Seen）。 突破要点： o 现在分词（doing）表主动（主语发出动作），过去分词（done）表被动（主语承受动作）。 o 步骤：找非谓语的逻辑主语→判断主被动→选形式。例：句中 see 的逻辑主语是 the city，城市 “被看”，用 Seen。 3. 不定式作结果状语的特殊用法 难点表现：忽略 only to do 表意外结果，如 “He arrived late only ___(find) the door closed.” 错填 finding（应为 to find）。 突破要点： o only to do 表示 “出乎意料的结果”（如 He studied hard only to fail. 努力却失败）。 o 现在分词 doing 表 “自然结果”（It rained heavily, causing floods. 大雨导致洪水）。 四、词性词形转化易错难点 1. 形容词变副词的规则遗漏 难点表现：错写 terrible→terriblely（应为 terribly）、true→truely（应为 truly）。 突破要点： o 以 - ble/-ple 结尾去 e 加 y：terrible→terribly, possible→possibly o 以辅音 + y 结尾变 i 加 ly：happy→happily, easy→easily o 特殊变化：true→truly, whole→wholly, good→well 2. 名词后缀的混淆（-tion/-ment 等） 难点表现：develop→developion（应为 development）、argue→arguement（应为 argument）。 突破要点： o 动词以 e 结尾去 e 加 - tion：develop→development, educate→education o 动词以辅音 + y 结尾变 i 加 - ment：argue→argument, employ→employment o 记忆常见例外：action（act）, decision（decide） 3. 形容词与副词功能的误用 难点表现：用形容词修饰动词，如 “He runs quick.” 应为 quickly。 突破要点： o 形容词修饰名词（a quick runner），副词修饰动词 / 形容词 / 句子（run quickly, very quick, luckily）。 o 例外：feel/look/smell 等系动词后接形容词（He feels happy）。 真题速递 1. [2025·新高考I卷] We hope 58 (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalism art, conceptual art and expressionism. 答案：to present 解析：分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词 hope，设空处应用非谓语动词形式。本题考查固定搭配 hope to do sth.，表示 “希望做某事”，所以用动词不定式 to present，意为 “我们希望将相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能呈现在视觉环境中，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话”。 2. [2025·新高考I卷]You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your 59(guide) till they lose, explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 答案：guidance 解析：分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处位于动词 follow 后，作宾语，且被形容词性物主代词 your 修饰，表示 “指导；引导”，应用名词形式 guidance，其名词形式不可数，句意为 “你试图引诱对手进入你的陷阱，并迫使他们一直按你的引导行事，直至输掉比赛”。 3. [2024·新高考Ⅰ卷]Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 【答案】walks 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 4. [2024·新高考I卷]These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants. 【答案】closed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 5. [2024年1月浙江高考真题]If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 62 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【答案】have started 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 6. [2024·新高考Ⅰ卷]The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【答案】to give 【解析】考查非谓语动词作目的状语。句意：这些萼片在温暖的日子开放给温室内部的植物阳光和新鲜空气。分析结构可知，本句已有谓语opens，空格应是非谓语动词，根据语境空格需填动词不定式to give作目的状语。故填to give。 7. [2024·新高考II卷]“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 8. [2024·新高考II卷]A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【40答案】inspired 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 【41答案】was built 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 9. [2024年1月浙江高考真题]Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. 【答案】criticism 【解析】考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。 10. [2023·新高考I卷]Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 【答案】tasty 【解析】考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。 11. [2024·新高考II卷]Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers. 【答案】 to find 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 12. [2024·新高考II卷]___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion. 【答案】Recalling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 名校模拟 Passage 1 （2025·山东泰安·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The northern branch of the Palace Museum is a key cultural project in Beijing in 2025, expected 1 (complete) by October. “Covering over 100,000 square meters, it’s now at a stage in 2 its main structure is going through a construction phase, 3 the main buildings gradually taking shape. The outside surface of the branch’s buildings has red walls and golden 4 (roof) to match the Palace Museum’s architectural aesthetics. Once completed, the northern extension will provide 5 expanded space for the Palace Museum’s cultural relic restoration projects. Also, special cultural relics with strict requirements for their exhibition environment such as calligraphic works, textiles, and paintings, will undergo much better restoration in the new branch. Nowadays, the Palace Museum 6 (house) over 1.86 million cultural relics. To better preserve such cultural relics, 7 (pioneer) building techniques are being used for the new northern branch, with a focus on 8 (stable). Modern high-tech materials will also be used in the construction. When cracks smaller than 0.6 millimeters form, the advanced concrete will be able to “repair” itself, greatly 9 (enhance) the longevity of the structures. Restoration of cultural relics is not the branch’s only goal. Once completed, the advanced facility will feature 12 exhibition halls 10 (build) with high-tech designs, covering approximately 35,000 square meters. Between 20,000 and 30,000 of the Palace Museum’s cultural relics will be displayed at the new site every year. 【答案】 1．to be completed 2．which 3．with 4．roofs 5．an 6．houses 7．pioneering 8．stability 9．enhancing 10．built 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了2025年北京故宫北院为重点文化项目，预计10月完工，主结构在建，红墙金顶，将用于文物修复与展览。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：故宫博物院的北部分馆是 2025 年北京的一项重要文化工程，预计将于 10 月竣工。此处为be expected to do sth.，且complete与The northern branch of the Palace Museum构成逻辑被动关系，故用to be done形式。故填to be completed。 2．考查定语从句。句意：占地面积达 10 万平方米，目前该项目正处于主体结构施工阶段，主要建筑正在逐步成型。此处为介词+关系代词结构定语从句，修饰先行词stage，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词作介词的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 3．考查介词。句意：占地面积达 10 万平方米，目前该项目正处于主体结构施工阶段，主要建筑正在逐步成型。此处作伴随状语，为with的复合结构：with+名词+现在分词，故填with。 4．考查名词的数。句意：该分支建筑的外立面采用了红色的墙壁和金色的屋顶，与故宫的建筑风格相得益彰。根据上文red walls and可知数量大于一用复数形式。故填roofs。 5．考查冠词。句意：一旦完工，北部扩建部分将为故宫博物院的文物修复项目提供更大的空间。此处space为泛指，且expanded是发音以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an。故填an。 6．考查时态。句意：如今，故宫博物院收藏了超过186万件文物。根据上文Nowadays可知为一般现在时，主语为the Palace Museum，谓语用三单形式。故填houses。 7．考查形容词。句意：为了更好地保护这些文物，新建的北部分支采用了开创性的建筑技术，重点在于确保其稳定性。修饰名词techniques用形容词pioneering (开拓性的、先驱性的)作定语。故填pioneering。 8．考查名词。句意：为了更好地保护这些文物，新建的北部分支采用了开创性的建筑技术，重点在于确保其稳定性。作介词的宾语，用名词stability，不可数。故填stability。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：当裂缝宽度小于 0.6 毫米时，这种高级混凝土能够“自我修复”，从而显著延长建筑物的使用寿命。该空后内容是前句造成意料之中的结果，enhance用现在分词作结果状语，故填enhancing。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦建成，这座先进的设施将拥有12个采用高科技设计的展览厅，总面积约达 35000 平方米。此处build与exhibition halls构成逻辑被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填built。 Passage 2 （2025·江西新余·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Unlike common exhibitions, this collection of Chinese wooden furniture — in actual fact just a few dozen pieces — invited viewers 11 (appreciate) it. Visitors could not only admire the craftsmanship but also get hands-on experience by assembling sunmao (榫卯) joints and 12 (close) enjoying the distinct fragrance (香味) of various types of wood. For over three months, the exhibition Elegance of Woodcraft: Timeless Beauty, 13 concluded on Sunday, had drawn more than I million visitors to the Summer Palace Museum in Beijing. 14 exhibit traced the development of classical Chinese wooden furniture, its cultural significance, and the combination of the East and the West in the designs 15 (date) back to the Ming (1368~1644) and Qing (1644~1911) dynasties. 16 display were 83 precious pieces and sets of furniture. In recent years, 17 (small), more elegant exhibitions of traditional Chinese wooden furniture 18 (become) popular. Craftsmen and cultural relic restorers, co-working with curators (策展人), have used modern exhibition 19 (technique) to show the complicated craftsmanship and deep cultural legacy in Chinese wooden furniture, breathing new life into this cultural heritage. The Summer Palace exhibition 20 (hold) to celebrate the 110th anniversary of the palace’s public opening. It focused on Ming and Qing furniture relics from classical gardens, including a wide range of traditional furniture styles and types. 【答案】 11．to appreciate 12．closely 13．which 14．The 15．dating 16．On 17．smaller 18．have become/have been becoming 19．techniques 20．was held 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京颐和园博物馆举办的中国古典木制家具展览。 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：与普通展览不同，这些中国木制家具——实际上只有几十件——邀请观众来欣赏。“邀请某人做某事”用invite sb. to do sth.，本空用appreciate的不定式，作宾补。故填to appreciate。 12．考查副词。句意：参观者不仅可以欣赏工艺，还可以通过组装榫卯关节和近距离欣赏各种木材的独特香味来获得实践经验。修饰动词enjoying，应用副词closely“近地”，作状语。故填closely。 13．考查定语从句。句意：为期三个多月的“木器风华：美成在久”展览于周日结束，吸引了100多万游客来到北京颐和园博物馆。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the exhibition Elegance of Woodcraft: Timeless Beauty，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。 14．考查冠词。句意：该展览追溯了中国古典木制家具的发展、其文化意义以及可以追溯到明清时期的设计中东西方的结合。exhibit此处为特指，应用定冠词the，句首单词首字母要大写。故填The。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句谓语为traced，此处为非谓语动词，date back to“追溯到”与逻辑主语designs构成主动关系，故用现在分词，作定语。故填dating。 16．考查介词。句意：展出的有83件珍贵的家具和家具套装。表示“展出”用固定短语on display，本空用介词on，本句为表语前置的完全倒装。句首单词首字母要大写。故填On。 17．考查比较级。句意：近年来，规模更小、更优雅的中国传统木制家具展览越来越受欢迎。结合后文“more elegant”可知，此处应用比较级smaller，表示“更小的”。故填smaller。 18．考查时态和主谓一致。句意同上。根据上文In recent years可知，时态用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，强调已经完成的动作或强调动作的持续性，主语为exhibitions，助动词用have。故填have become或have been becoming。 19．考查名词的数。句意：工匠和文化遗迹修复者与策展人合作，利用现代展览技术展示中国木制家具复杂的工艺和深厚的文化底蕴，为这一文化遗产注入了新的活力。technique“技术”为可数名词，此处表示不止一种技术，应用复数形式。故填techniques。 20．考查动词语态。句意：颐和园的展览是为了庆祝颐和园向公众开放110周年而举办的。描述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，且主语The Summer Palace exhibition与谓语hold“举办”构成被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语The Summer Palace exhibition为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was held。 Passage 3 （2025·山西太原·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wang Xiaoming (1980-) is one of the most outstanding contemporary Chinese figures in the field of artificial intelligence robot manufacturing, 21 has made remarkable achievements in this area and is not restricted by traditional manufacturing methods like many other engineers. He developed an interest in robotics at 22 very young age. With intense passion and unremitting efforts, he 23 (master) advanced technologies in robot programming, mechanical design, and sensor applications. One of the 24 (individual) who had a crucial influence on Wang Xiaoming was Professor Li, a renowned robotics expert from a top-tier university in China. Wang Xiaoming is well-known in the robotics industry for the innovation and high-efficiency that he has brought to various types of robots, such as service robots, industrial robots, 25 educational robots. In recent years, he has shifted his research focus to humanoid robots and robots for medical care. Notably, Wang Xiaoming is famous for developing a series of intelligent service robots that can interact with humans naturally. In 2020, he 26 (select) as the leader of the National Robot Innovation Team and 27 (brief) served as the chief consultant of the China Robotics Association, 28 was founded in 2015. In summary, by 29 (utilize) cutting-edge algorithms, high-precision sensors, and advanced materials, Wang Xiaoming has succeeded in creating intelligent and practical robots that have improved people’s lives and promoted industrial development. Wang Xiaoming’s works continue to inspire the robotics community with their unique combination of traditional Chinese engineering wisdom and modern AI technologies, 30 (ensure) his position as an important figure in the history of Chinese robotics. 【答案】 21．who 22．a 23．mastered 24．individuals 25．and 26．was selected 27．briefly 28．which 29．utilizing 30．ensuring 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国人工智能机器人制造领域杰出人物Wang Xiaoming的成就、研究方向、所获荣誉等，展现了他对机器人行业的贡献。 21．考查定语从句。句意：Wang Xiaoming(1980-)是中国当代人工智能机器人制造领域最杰出的人物之一，他在这个领域取得了显著成就，并且不像其他许多工程师那样受传统制造方法的限制。“____ has made remarkable achievements in this area and is not restricted by traditional manufacturing methods like many other engineers”是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“Wang Xiaoming”，指人，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 22．考查冠词。句意：他在很小的时候就对机器人技术产生了兴趣。“at a/an (very young) age”是固定表达，意为“在(很小的)时候”，且very是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 23．考查时态。句意：带着强烈的热情和不懈的努力，他掌握了机器人编程、机械设计和传感器应用方面的先进技术。master(掌握)是谓语动词，根据语境可知，“掌握先进技术”这个动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时态。故填mastered。 24．考查名词。句意：对Wang Xiaoming有重要影响的人之一是李教授，他是中国一所顶尖大学的著名机器人专家。“one of the + 可数名词复数”是固定短语，表示“……之一”，用名词individual(个人)的复数形式individuals。故填individuals。 25．考查连词。句意：Wang Xiaoming在机器人行业以他为各种类型的机器人带来的创新和高效率而闻名，比如服务机器人、工业机器人和教育机器人。“service robots”、“industrial robots”和“educational robots”是并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 26．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：2020年，他被选为国家机器人创新团队的负责人，并曾短暂担任中国机器人协会的首席顾问，该协会成立于2015年。select(选择，挑选)是谓语动词，与主语he之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“In 2020”可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数代词，谓语用单数形式。故填was selected。 27．考查副词。句意：2020年，他被选为国家机器人创新团队的负责人，并曾短暂担任中国机器人协会的首席顾问，该协会成立于2015年。提示词修饰动词served，用副词briefly作状语，意为“短暂地”。故填briefly。 28．考查定语从句。句意：2020年，他被选为国家机器人创新团队的负责人，并曾短暂担任中国机器人协会的首席顾问，该协会成立于2015年。“____ was founded in 2015”是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the China Robotics Association，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 29．考查非谓语动词。句意：总之，通过利用前沿算法、高精度传感器和先进材料，Wang Xiaoming成功地创造出了智能实用的机器人，改善了人们的生活，促进了工业发展。by是介词，后面接动名词utilizing作宾语。故填utilizing。 30．考查非谓语动词。句意：Wang Xiaoming的作品将中国传统工程智慧与现代人工智能技术独特结合，继续激励着机器人学界，确保了他在中国机器人发展史上的重要地位。“____ (ensure) his position as an important figure in the history of Chinese robotics”在句中作结果状语，ensure(确保)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Wang Xiaoming’s works之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词表主动。故填ensuring。 Passage 4 （2025·湖南长沙·三模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 With the popularization of smartphones and the convenience of reading e-books, how can traditional brick-and-mortar bookstores transform 31 (rise) to the challenge and break through in the decline? Dujiangyan Zhong Shuge is perhaps a very good example. Inspired by the complex river system that exists in Dujiangyan county, the two-story space embodies Chongqing’s unique geographical environment 32 an “8D Mountain City”. Zigzagging (曲折的) staircases are designed like mountain peaks, intertwined and complex. The ceiling is covered with mirrors, and being there 33 (give) people the illusion (错觉) that the mountain stairs are piercing the sky, much like the magical space in “Harry Potter”, fantastical and fun. In addition to the mountain-shaped stairs and mirrored ceilings 34 (correspond) with Chongqing’s geographical environment, the giant “lampshade 35 (bookshelf)” that can be seen everywhere in the lobby of Dujiangyan Zhongshuge, look like endless mountain ranges. Here, a city unfolds before your very eyes 36 you listen to the dialogue between culture and wisdom, interpret the cultural thoughts condensed (浓缩) in a historical context, experience ancient feelings with a 37 (poet) flavor, and picture the dream in your minds. 38 it be the tile (瓷砖) technology used to represent ancient wisdom in the reading area, or the bamboo sea display in the 39 (children) reading area that captures a sense of happiness and innocence, or the portrayal of natural scenery in the literary area, the design elements aim to create 40 ideal destination for the soul, marked by the harmonious coexistence of livability and natural ecology. 【答案】 31．to rise 32．as 33．gives 34．corresponding 35．bookshelves 36．where 37．poetic 38．Whether 39．children’s 40．an 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了都江堰钟书阁如何通过独特设计应对实体书店挑战。 31．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着智能手机的普及和电子书的便捷阅读，实体书店如何转型以应对挑战并在衰退中突破呢？本句谓语为transform，此处为非谓语动词，此处应用rise“提高”的不定式，作目的状语。故填to rise。 32．考查介词。句意：受都江堰县复杂水系的影响，这个两层空间体现了重庆作为“8D山城”独特的地理环境。此处表示“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 33．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：天花板被镜子覆盖，身处其中给人一种山间楼梯直插云霄的错觉，就像《哈利·波特》中的神奇空间一样，奇幻而有趣。此处为and连接的并列句，根据前一分句中的is可知，本句描述一般事实，时态应用一般现在时，且主语为being there，谓语动词应用give“给”的第三人称单数形式。故填gives。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了与重庆地理环境相呼应的山形楼梯和镜面天花板外，都江堰钟书阁大厅里随处可见的巨大“灯罩书架”就像连绵的山脉。本句谓语为look like，此处为非谓语动词，且correspond with“与……相呼应”与逻辑主语stairs and mirrored ceilings之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式，作定语。故填corresponding。 35．考查名词的数。句意同上。bookshelf“书架”，为可数名词，此处指不止一个书架，应用复数形式，作主语。故填bookshelves。 36．考查定语从句。句意：在这里，一座城市在你眼前展开，在这里你可以聆听文化与智慧之间的对话，解读历史背景下浓缩的文化思想，用诗意的情怀体验古老的情感，并在脑海中勾勒出梦想。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a city，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 37．考查形容词。句意同上。此处修饰名词flavor，应用形容词poetic“诗意的”，作定语。故填poetic。 38．考查固定句型。句意：无论是阅读区用来代表古代智慧的瓷砖技术，还是儿童阅读区捕捉幸福和纯真感觉的竹海展示，还是文学区对自然风光的描绘，设计元素都旨在创造一个理想的灵魂目的地，以宜居性和自然生态的和谐共存为标志。表示“无论是……还是……”，应用固定句式whether...or...。位于句首，故填Whether。 39．考查名词所有格。句意同上。此处修饰名词reading area，表示“儿童的”，应用名词所有格形式。故填children’s。 40．考查冠词。句意同上。此处泛指“一个理想的灵魂目的地”，应用不定冠词，且ideal的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 Passage 5 （2025·河北·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 DeepSeek is a technology company that focuses on developing advanced artificial intelligence (AI) solutions. 41 (base) in China, the company aims to create intelligent systems that can help businesses and individuals solve complex problems more 42 (efficient). DeepSeek’s mission is to make AI 43 (access) and useful for everyone, regardless 44 their technical background. One of the key areas 45 DeepSeek excels is in natural language processing (NLP).This technology allows computers 46 (understand) and respond to human language in a way that feels natural and intuitive. For example, DeepSeek’s AI can be used to build chatbots that provide customer support, analyze large amounts of text data, or even assist in writing and editing documents. Another important focus for DeepSeek is machine learning, which enables computers to learn from data and improve their performance over time. This technology is used in various 47 (application), such as predicting trends, and recognizing patterns. DeepSeek’s machine learning models are created to be both powerful and easy to use, 48 (make) them suitable for a wide range of industries, from finance to healthcare. DeepSeek is also committed to ethical (合乎道德的) AI development. The company ensures that its technologies 49 (design) with fairness, transparency (透明), and privacy in mind. By doing so, DeepSeek aims to build trust with its users 50 contribute to the responsible growth of AI. 【答案】 41．Based 42．efficiently 43．accessible 44．of 45．where 46．to understand 47．applications 48．making 49．are designed 50．and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了DeepSeek公司及其研究方向、产品等。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司总部位于中国，旨在创建智能系统，帮助企业和个人更有效地解决复杂问题。分析句子可知，该句的谓语动词是aims，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词，动词base与名词the company之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。句首字母大写，故填Based。 42．考查副词。句意：同上。修饰动词solve应用副词的比较级。故填efficiently。 43．考查形容词。句意：DeepSeek的使命是让每个人都能使用人工智能，不管他们的技术背景如何。根据后文and useful可知，空处应用access的形容词形式accessible，与useful并列作宾补。故填accessible。 44．考查介词。句意：同上。regardless of意为“不管；不顾”。故填of。 45．考查定语从句。句意：DeepSeek擅长的一个关键领域是自然语言处理。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句。先行词是areas，指地点名词，定语从句中DeepSeek excels缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句，作地点状语。故填where。 46．考查动词不定式。句意：这项技术使计算机能够以一种自然和直观的方式理解和响应人类语言。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”为固定句型。故填to understand。 47．考查名词复数。句意：该技术用于各种应用程序，例如预测趋势和识别模式。various修饰名词复数applications，作宾语。故填applications。 48．考查非谓语动词。句意：DeepSeek的机器学习模型功能强大且易于使用，适用于从金融到医疗保健等广泛行业。分析句子可知，该句的谓语动词是are created，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词，动词make与前面句子之间存在主动关系，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。 49．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：该公司确保其技术在设计时考虑到公平、透明和隐私。根据语境可知，本空应使用谓语动词，design与主语technologies之间为被动关系，应使用被动语态，再结合主句的ensures可知，此处使用一般现在时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填are designed。 50．考查连词。句意：通过这样做，DeepSeek旨在与用户建立信任，并为人工智能的负责任发展做出贡献。此处应用并列连词and连接build和contribute这两个并列成分。故填and。 21 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$