1专题一 英语句子成分-【初高中·衔接直通车】2025年初升高英语衔接直通车

专题一　英语句子成分 一、定义 构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 (一)主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。如： Since the 1990s，country music has become more and more popular.(名词) They often speak English after class.(代词) Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词) To swim in the deep river is a great pleasure.(不定式) Eating too much does harm to your health.(动名词) The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) What he needs is a book.(主语从句) It is necessary for us to master a foreign language.(It作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It作形式主语，主语从句是真正主语) (二)谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1.简单谓语 由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： She practises running every morning. 2.复合谓语 (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for three weeks. The little girl has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如： We are students now. (三)表语 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。如： Our foreign teacher is an American.(名词) Are they yours? (代词) The weather has turned warm.(形容词) The lecture is exciting.(分词) Three times seven is twenty one.(数词) Her job is to teach English.(不定式) Her hobby(爱好) is singing popular songs.(动名词) The old machine must be out of order.(介词短语) Time is up.Class is over.(副词) The truth is that she has never been abroad.(表语从句) (四)宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。如： He went to see a film yesterday.(名词) The thick fog prevented us from coming to school on time.(代词) —How many books do you have? —I have fifty.(数词) We helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词) She pretended not to see me.(不定式短语) He enjoys listening to popular songs.(动名词短语) We think (that) she is fit for her job.(宾语从句) 宾语种类： (1)双宾语(间接宾语＋直接宾语)，如： Lend me your ruler，please. (2)复合宾语(宾语＋宾补)，如： We elected him our monitor. (五)宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等＋宾语＋宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。如： His father named him Jack.(名词) He painted his wall yellow.(形容词) Let the dog out.(副词) You mustn't force her to lend her money to you.(不定式短语) We saw him entering the room.(现在分词) He found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语) We will soon make our school what your school is now.(从句) (六)定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Hangzhou is a beautiful city.(形容词) China is a developing country while the USA is a developed country.(分词) There are thirty men teachers in our school.(名词) Her rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语) Our teaching plan for the next term has been worked out.(动名词) He is reading an article about how to learn a foreign language.(介词短语) (七)状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组) We have lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语) She is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语) The boy is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语) Wait a minute，please！(名词) Once you begin，you must continue.(状语从句) 状语的种类如下： How about meeting again at seven？(时间状语) Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the heavy rain.(原因状语) We shall go there if it doesn't rain.(条件状语) Mrs.Green lives on the third floor.(地点状语) He put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语) He came in with a book in his hand.(伴随状语) In order to catch up with the others，we must work harder.(目的状语) She was so tired that she fell asleep immediately.(结果状语) Tu Youyou works very hard though she is old.(让步状语) I am taller than she is.(比较状语) 二、句子成分速记口诀 主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！ 分析句子成分，用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子 1.Judy made a careless mistake again because she never does things ________(care). 2.________(do) sports is good for us. 3.There are some boys ________(swim) in the river. 4.Food ________ (safe) has become an important topic these days. 5.__________(get)up early is better than walking after supper. 6.Do you want __________(go) shopping with me? 7.________(catch) the first bus，I have to get up early. 8.I have made a __________(decide) about my study goal for the new term. 9.Linda didn't pass the exam because of her __________(careless) . 10.There are some girls ____________ (dance) in the next room now. 11.The girl __________(wear) glasses is my teacher. 12.I think __________ (drive) a car is much faster than taking a bus. 13.I bought a beautiful dress for ____________(my) yesterday. 14.When he was 25，he won an award for his painting.That was a __________ (turn) point in his life. 15.I think the Internet makes____________ (communicate) much easier. 16.The zookeeper asks us not ________ (get) close to the animals. 17.He is the first ________(get) to the station. 18.What about______(have)some bananas? 19.Although my grandma is 80 years old，she is still________ (health). 20.I find it hard__________(learn) to fly kites. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题一　英语句子成分 语法要点专练 1.carefully　本题考查句子成分。句意：朱迪又犯了粗心的错误，因为她从来不认真地做事情。分析句子成分，此处需要用care的副词形式修饰动词does，故填carefully。 2.Doing　考查动名词。结合提示词和空后的sports可知，此处为固定用法do sports做运动，此用法中do为一个实义动词；分析句子结构可知，此处应用其动名词形式doing，doing sports此处为句子的主语；注意句首字母要大写，故填Doing。 3.swimming　句意：有一些男孩子正在河里游泳。分析句子结构可知，此句There be sb doing sth＋地点“在某地有某人正在做某事”。 此空用非谓语动词；boys与swim是主动关系，所以用现在分词swimming作补语，故填swimming。 4.safety　考查名词作主语。句意：如今，食品安全已经变成了一个重要的话题。根据句子结构和前面的food，可知本空处应使用名词作主语，food safety食品安全；故填safety。 5.Getting　考查非谓语动词。get拿到，get up起床，固定短语。此处位于句首，且不是祈使句，所以不能用动词原形在句首。此处为主语部分，所以用动名词形式。get的动名词形式为getting。注意句首字母要大写，故填Getting。 6.to go　考查不定式作宾语及固定表达。句意：你想和我一起去购物吗？固定表达want to do，故填to go。 7.To catch　考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：为了赶上第一班车，我不得不早起。设空处为不定式作目的状语。注意句首字母要大写，故填To catch。 8.decision　考查名词作宾语。由句子结构可知，设空处需用名词作宾语，故将动词decide转化成名词形式decision，由于前面有不定冠词a，故应使用单数，故填decision。 9.carelessness　考查名词作介词宾语。根据句意：琳达因为粗心没有通过考试。careless形容词，粗心的。根据句意这里应使用其名词形式作介词宾语。carelessness不可数名词，粗心。故填carelessness。 10.dancing　考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：隔壁有一些女孩正在跳舞。现在分词短语dancing in the next room now修饰限定girls，作定语。故填dancing。 11.wearing　考查现在分词作定语。wear表示状态，意思是“佩戴，穿着”；wear glasses戴眼镜；本句的谓语动词是is，所以设空处应填一个非谓语动词，作后置定语，修饰前面的名词girl；wear和girl的关系是主动关系，所以应使用现在分词形式wearing。故填wearing。 12.driving　考查动名词作主语。此处是宾语从句省略that 的情况，所以后面是从句，从句中缺少主语，而drive驾驶，是动词，不能作主语，所以要用其动名词形式driving作主语。故填driving。 13.myself　考查反身代词作宾语。句意：我昨天给自己买了一件漂亮的衣服。当句子主语和宾语为同一人时，宾语使用反身代词，I的反身代词为myself。故填myself。 14.turning　考查现在分词作定语的用法。根据句子结构分析，设空处后面是名词，故此处需用动词的现在分词作定语。turn的现在分词是turning，a turning point一个转折点。故填 turning。 15.communication　考查名词作主语。句意：我认为互联网使交流更容易。根据题意，本空应填名词作从句的宾语。make sth.adj，固定短语，使得某物怎么样。communicate的名词形式是communication，不可数名词，交流，沟通。故填communication。 16.to get　考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。句意：动物园的看守者要求我们不要接近动物。ask sb not to do sth“要求某人不要做某事”，根据句意及分析可知，故填to get。 17.to get　考查动词不定式作定语。句意：他是第一个到车站的。序数词后或被序数词修饰的名词后一般用不定式to do作后置定语，故填to get。 18.having　考查动名词作宾语。句意：吃些香蕉怎样？What about doing sth“做某事怎样”固定句型。并且介词后需要用动名词形式。故填having。 19.healthy　考查形容词作表语。句意：虽然我的奶奶已经80岁了，但她仍然很健康。health是名词，其形容词形式是healthy，be动词后接形容词。故填healthy。 20.to learn　考查动词不定式作宾语和固定句式。句意：我发现学放风筝很难。固定句型：主语＋find it＋形容词＋to do sth“发现做……很……”，it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语。故填to learn。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$