新课4 必修第一册UNIT1 TEENAGE LIFE（语法+写作）（人教版2019）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）

UNIT1 TEENAGE LIFE（语法+写作） 目录 单元语法：名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语 写作聚焦：写作指导、建议信 学以致用：巩固提升，全面突破 单元语法 一、名词短语（NP）（Noun Phrase） 指以一个名词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于名词。名词短语通常是由名词及其修饰语构成。 （一）名词短语的组成 1.前置定语+名词 作前置定语的主要有： 限定词、名词所有格、数词、形容词、名词、单个的分词或动名词等。 限定词包括： 冠词 (a/an/the ) 指示代(this/that/these/those) 物主代(my/your/his/her/their) 不定代(some/no/neither/both) The online shop sells children’s and men’s shoes at a very low price. 网店以低廉的价格销售儿童和男士的鞋子。 Our school has fifty-six women teachers. 我们学校有56个女教师。 The sleeping child is his son. 正在睡觉的孩子是他的儿子. The fallen leaves are like a thick blanket on the ground. 落叶像一层厚厚的毯子盖在地上。 2.名词+ 后置定语 作后置定语的主要有： 介词短语、分词、不定式等。 If you don’t know the way to the science museum, here is a map of the city. 如果你不知道去科技博物馆的路，这是城市地图。 There are some boys playing basketball over there. 有一些男孩正在那边打篮球。 The problem discussed yesterday has been solved. 昨天讨论的问题被解决了。 （二）名词短语的功能 名词短语在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。 1.作主语 The houses built last year are for the teachers.去年建成的那些房子是为老师们建的。 2.作宾语 Jack’s mother can’t go to the parents’ meeting because she is too busy. 杰克的妈妈不能参加家长会，因为她太忙了。 3.作表语 He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这个工作最好的人选。 This is the method of cooking the tasty cookie.这是做这种美味甜饼的方法。 4.作宾补 We made Tom our group leader. 我们选汤姆当我们的组长。 More and more foreigners consider Beijing Opera an important part of Chinese culture. 越来越多的外国人认为京剧是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。 二．形容词短语（AdjP）（Adjective Phrase） 指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词。形容词短语通常是由形容词及其修饰语构成。 （1） 形容词短语的组成 1.副词+形容词 注意：enough修饰形容词，放在所修饰的形容词之后。 The little boy is very /quite/ really clever. 这个小男孩很/真的聪明。 I’m terribly sorry. 我非常抱歉。 Tom is much more friendly. 汤姆更友好。 This coat was much too expensive.这件大衣太贵了。 This movie wasn’t interesting enough. 这部电影不足够有趣。 You can’t be careful enough. 你怎么小心也不为过。 2. 形容词+介词短语 His face was white with anger. 他的脸气得发白。 The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。 3. 形容词+不定式短语 He is sure to come. 他一定会来的。 He is eager to see his parents. 他急切地想见到父母。 （二）形容词短语的功能 形容词短语在句中当作形容词用，一般可用作定语（修饰名词或代词）、表语、宾语补足语或状语。 1. 作定语 My little sister is a very curious girl and she always asks me strange questions. 我的小妹妹是一个好奇心强的女孩，她总是问我奇怪的问题。 Tom is a student always ready to help others. 汤姆是个学生，总是乐于助人。 2. 作表语 Robot is so busy that he even has no time to stay with his children at weekends. 罗伯特如此忙,以至于周末他没有时间和孩子待在一起。 He can't do anything, he's completely good for nothing!他什么都干不了，一点也没用。 3. 作宾补 Helping others makes us very proud. 帮助别人使我们非常自豪。 I find the book easy to understand.我发现这本书很好懂。 4. 作状语 After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired. 长途旅行后他们三人回家了，又累又饿。 Curious enough，Danny opened the box to see what was in it. 出于好奇，丹尼打开了那只盒子，想看看里面是什么。 三．副词短语（AdvP）（Adverbial Phrase） 指以一个副词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于副词。副词短语通常是由副词及其修饰语构成。 （1） 副词短语的组成 副词+副词 注意：very ,quite, extremely等程度副词修饰副词时，放在所修饰的副词之前；enough修饰副词时，放在所修饰的副词之后。 He runs very quickly.他跑的很快。 You are speaking too fast. Can you speak a little more slowly?你说得太快了，你能说慢一点儿吗？ You speak clearly enough. I can follow you. 你讲得足够清楚，我能听懂。 （2） 副词短语的功能 1.修饰动词 He speaks English quite fluently. 他英语说得很流利。 2.修饰形容词 The instructions on the box are really very confusing.盒子上的使用说明令人费解。 3.修饰副词 The fire spread far too fast.大火蔓延得太快了。 4.修饰句子 Luckily enough, we won the first prize for the competition. 足够幸运的是，我们获得了比赛的第一名。 总之，短语是英语中较大的词块,灵活地掌握词块,对丰富学生的词汇量,提高学生的阅读和写作水平会起到事半功倍的作用。 写作聚焦 一、写作方法指导 建议信是常用的书信形式之一，主要用来针对收信人存在的某一问题提出自己的合理化建议，从而达到帮助对方解决问题的目的。建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。 【基本框架】 1．开头——开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点(state your idea)； 2．主体——对所提出的问题进行分析并说明理由，接着提出自己的建议(reasons and evidence)； 3．结尾——呼应开头，重申观点(restate your opinion)。 【注意事项】 1．开门见山，直入主题。在书信正文的开头找准话题的切入点，自然而然地引出自己想要谈的主题。写信时要充分了解情况，有的放矢，以提高书信的针对性。 2．给出希望对方采取或者终止某种行为的理由。在陈述理由的过程中要换位思考，尽量为对方考虑。要用事实说话，以增强说服力。 3．语气要和缓，让对方考虑你的想法或者建议，以理服人是关键，不能把自己的想法强加于人。 4．给出合理建议，通过提建议让对方明确行动的方向，从而达到写信的最终目的。 二、写作素材 【常用词块】 1．I think it would be a good idea if...如果……我认为这是个好主意 2．In my opinion it would be wise to...依我看，做……是明智的 3．I suggest that you should...我建议你应该…… 4．In my opinion，you'd better...我认为你最好…… 5．I advise you to...我建议你…… 6．If I were you，I would...如果我是你的话，我会…… 7．Why not...？/Why don't you...? 为什么不……？ 8．How about...？/What about...? ……怎么样？ 【常用语句】 ※ 精彩开头 1．I know you are now having trouble communicating with others，and you may often feel lonely.我知道你现在在与人交流方面有些麻烦，你也可能经常感到孤独。 2．I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on...很高兴收到你就……征求建议的来信。 3．Here are some tips/a few suggestions to help you.这里有帮助你的一些建议。 ※ 正文佳句 1．First(ly)，why not join a club? If you do this，you can make friends.首先，为什么不参加一个俱乐部呢？如果你这样做的话，就会交到朋友。 2．Second(ly)，you should/can try to talk with others.Then/That way，you will feel better.其次，你应该尽可能与人交谈。这样，你会感觉好点。 3．Third(ly)，it would be a good idea if you read a book or listen to music.By doing this，you will calm yourself down.第三，如果你看书或听音乐，这会是个不错的主意。通过这样做，你会使自己平静下来。 4．Last but not least，you should talk with her first.最后但同等重要的是，你应该先和她谈一谈。 5．As far as I am concerned/In my opinion，you should help each other.就我而言/在我看来，你们应该互相帮助。 ※ 余味结尾 1．I hope you will find these ideas useful.我希望你会发现这些办法有用。 2．As time goes on，people will know you better and will like to make friends with you if you can follow the above advice.如果你遵从以上建议，随着时间的推移，人们会更加了解你，会愿意和你交朋友的。 3．I believe that if you follow my advice，you'll get along well with your classmates.我相信，如果你听从我的建议，你会和同学们相处很好的。 三、典例详析 假如你是李华，最近收到了你的美国朋友Jenny的来信。她在信中说：由于刚进入高中还不能适应新环境，她不知道如何去结交新朋友，因而情绪低落。请你回信，内容如下： 1．向Jenny表示问候和安慰； 2．针对她的问题提出以下建议： (1)放学后邀请同学一起参加活动； (2)遇到困难时，互相帮助。 注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步：审题谋篇 第二步：要点翻译 1．你进入高中后情绪低落。You feel bad after entering high school． 2．你的同学也面临着同样的问题。Your classmates are facing the same problem． 3．你不必太担心。You don’t have to worry too much about it. 4．尽力邀请你的同学一起参加一些活动。 通过相互交流有助于相互理解。 Try to invite your classmates to take part in some activities together.It will help you understand each other better by communicating with them． 5．帮助有困难的同学。Help students who are in trouble． 第三步：词句升级 1．用因果关系结构连接要点2、3 Your classmates are facing the same problem, so you don’t have to worry too much about it. 2．用定语从句合并升级要点4 Try to invite your classmates to take part in some activities together,_ which will help you understand each other better by communicating with them. 第四步：连句成篇 Dear Jenny， I am sorry to hear you feel bad after entering high school.As far as I know, your classmates are facing the same problem, so you don’t have to worry too much about it.Here are some suggestions to help you. First, try to invite your classmates to take part in some activities together, which will help you understand each other better by communicating with them.Besides, help students who are in trouble. I do hope you will find my suggestions useful. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 学以致用 一、写出画线处的短语类型 1．We have a much better life now. 2．Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 3．She types quickly and correctly. 4．Interested in their work, she picked up a pair of scissors. 5．Eager to improve farming conditions, they tried out this new crop on a large area. 6．The festival is one of the four largest ice and snow festivals in the world! 7．Nowadays young people never willingly let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules. 8．It is obvious that the widespread and recognition of Western holidays is harmful to our traditional value. 9．Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 10．He can finish that much quicker. 【答案】1．名词短语 2．副词短语 3．副词短语 4．形容词短语 5．形容词短语 6．名词短语 7．副词短语 8．名词短语 9．形容词短语 10．副词短语 【分析】1．考查短语。句意：我们现在的生活好多了。a much better life更好的生活。动词have后接名词短语作宾语。故答案为：名词短语。 2．考查短语。句意：更糟糕的是，人们吃快餐的数量增加了。even worse更糟糕的是，副词短语，在句中作状语，修饰整个句子。故答案为：副词短语。 3．考查短语。句意：她打字又快又正确。quickly and correctly又快又正确地，副词短语，在句中作状语，修饰动词types。故答案为：副词短语。 4．考查短语。句意：对他们的工作很感兴趣，她拿起一把剪刀。interested in their work对他们的工作很感兴趣。形容词短语在句中作状语。故答案为：形容词短语。 5．考查短语。句意：为了急于改善耕作条件，他们大面积试用了这种新作物。Eager to improve farming conditions为了急于改善耕作条件。形容词短语在句中作状语。故答案为：形容词短语。 6．考查短语。句意：冰雪节是世界上四大冰雪节之一! the four largest ice and snow festivals四大冰雪节，名词短语在句中作介词of的宾语。故答案为：名词短语。 7．考查短语。句意：现在的年轻人从不愿意让他们的创造力受到父母或传统规则的限制。never willingly从不愿意，副词短语，在句中作状语，修饰动词let。故答案为：副词短语。 8．考查短语。句意：很明显，对西方节日的广泛认可对我们的传统价值是有害的。the widespread and recognition of Western holidays对西方节日的广泛认可，名词短语在句中作主语。故答案为：名词短语。 9．考查短语。句意：最近的研究表明，如果我们经常休息短时间，工作效率会大大提高。far more productive更富有成效的，形容词短语在句中作表语。故答案为：形容词短语。 10．考查短语。句意：他可以更快地完成。much quicker更快地，副词短语，在句中作状语，修饰动词finish。故答案为：副词短语。 二、用所给词的适当形式修饰画线部分，并指出短语的词性。 11．Hearing the news, I as well as my classmates wore an expression. (annoy) 12．Jane felt anxious when it was beginning to rain. (real) 13．As a doctor, he is responsible for his patients.(very) 14．I’m hungry. I want a big piece of bread to eat.(terrible) 15．I have been living in the city for over ten years so I’m familiar with it.(quite) 16．When he was a teenager, an accident nearly took his life. (car) 17．Thanks to their work, the new bridge has been completed.(hard) 18．We planned to invite an expert to train these new workers.(famous) 19．He rushed out of the door quickly and disappeared in the darkness. (so) 20．With these machines, we finished the work ahead of schedule. (modern, advanced) 【答案】11．the annoying news(NP); an annoyed expression (NP) 12．really anxious (AdjP) 13．very responsible(AdjP) 14．terribly hungry(AdjP) 15．quite familiar(AdjP) 16．a car accident(NP) 17．hard work(NP) 18．a famous expert(NP) 19．so quickly (AdvP) 20．modern and advanced machines(NP) 【解析】11．考查形容词作定语。句意：听到这个消息，我和我的同学都露出了表情。（听到这个恼人的消息，我和我的同学都露出了恼火的表情。）分析可知，画线部分单词“news”，“an expression”为名词，因此应是用形容词作定语修饰。“annoy”，动词，意为“使烦恼”，其形容词形式为“annoyed(恼怒的)”和“annoying(令人恼火的，令人烦躁的)”。“the news”意为“消息”，指物，用“annoying”修饰，即“the annoying news(恼人的消息)”，为名词词组。“an expression”意为“表情”，与人有关，用“annoyed”修饰，即“an annoyed expression(恼怒的表情)”，为名词词组。故答案为：the annoying news(NP)；an annoyed expression (NP)。 12．考查副词作状语。句意：天开始下雨时，简感到焦虑不安。（天开始下雨时，简感到非常焦虑。）分析可知，画线单词“anxious”为形容词，因此应是用副词作状语修饰。“real”，形容词，意为“真的”，其副词形式为“really(真正地，很，十分)”。“really anxious(很焦虑)”，为形容词短语。故答案为：really anxious (AdjP)。 13．考查副词作状语。句意：作为一名医生，他对他的病人负责。（作为一名医生，他对他的病人非常负责。）分析可知，画线单词“responsible”为形容词，因此应是副词作状语修饰。“very”，程度副词，意为“非常”，“very responsible(很负责任)”，为形容词短语。故答案为：very responsible(AdjP)。 14．考查副词作状语。句意：我饿了。我想吃一大块面包。（我饿坏了。我想吃一大块面包。）分析可知，画线单词“hungry”为形容词，因此应是副词作状语修饰。“terrible”，形容词，意为“可怕的”，其副词形式为“terribly(非常，很)”，“terribly hungry(非常饥饿的)”，为形容词短语。故答案为：terribly hungry(AdjP)。 15．考查形容词作定语。句意：我已经在这个城市生活了十多年，所以我对它很熟悉。（我在这个城市已经住了十多年了，所以我对它很熟悉。）分析可知，画线单词“familiar”为形容词，因此应是用副词作状语修饰。“quite”，副词，意为“相当地”，“quite familiar(很熟悉)”，为形容词短语。故答案为：quite familiar(AdjP)。 16．考查名词作定语。句意：当他十几岁的时候，一场事故几乎夺去了他的生命。（当他十几岁的时候，一场车祸几乎夺去了他的生命。）分析可知，画线“an accident”为名词短语，所给出的词“car”为名词，可做定语修饰“accident”。“an car accident(一次车祸)”，为名词短语。故答案为：a car accident(NP)。 17．考查形容词作状语。句意：由于他们的工作，新桥已经建成了。（由于他们的辛苦的工作，新桥已经建成了。）分析可知，画线单词“work”为名词，因此用形容词作定语。“hard”，作形容词时，意为“辛苦的”，“hard work(辛苦的工作)”，为名词短语。故答案为：hard work(NP)。 18．考查形容词作定语。句意：我们计划请一位专家来培训这些新工人。（我们计划请一位著名的专家来培训这些新工人。）分析可知，画线“an expert”为名词短语，应是用形容词作定语修饰。“famous”，为形容词，意为“出名的，著名的”，“a famous expert(著名专家)”，为名词短语。故答案为：a famous expert(NP)。 19．考查副词作状语。句意：他快速地冲出门外，消失在黑暗中。（他如此快速地冲出房门，消失在黑暗中。）分析可知，画线单词“quickly”为副词，应是用副词作状语修饰。“so”，为副词，意为“如此”。“so quickly(如此快速地)”，为副词短语。故答案为：so quickly (AdvP)。 20．考查形容词作定语。句意：有了这些机器，我们提前完成了工作。（有了这些现代先进的机器，我们提前完成了工作。）分析可知，画线单词“machines”为名词，应是用形容词作定语。“modern”为形容词，意为“现代的”，“advanced”，形容词，意为“先进的”，“modern and advanced machines(现代先进的机器)”，为名词短语。故答案为：modern and advanced machines(NP)。 三、写作训练 A．假设你叫李华，你的朋友John沉迷于抖音（DouYin）而不能自拔，写信向你寻求帮助，请你给他写一封建议信。 内容包括: 1. 表示理解和关心；2. 沉迷抖音的影响；3. 提出具体建议。 要求1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾，不计入总词数。 Dear John, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear John, I’m more than sorry to know that you are addicted to Dou Yin and very worried about you. I’m writing to inform you of the harm caused by it and offer you some advice. What you should know is that spending too much time playing Dou Yin can make you exhausted and can’t concentrate on a class attentively. Therefore, limiting the time spent on it is necessary. It is highly suggested that you should develop an interest in other things, such as reading and running. Hopefully, the suggestions above will be helpful to you. Looking forward to your good news. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给朋友John写一封建议信，就他沉迷于抖音而不能自拔提出建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 担心的：worried→concerned 集中注意力：concentrate on→focus on 因此：therefore→as a result 有帮助：be helpful→be of help 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to inform you of the harm caused by it and offer you some advice. 拓展句：I’m writing to inform you of the harm that is caused by it and offer you some advice. 【点睛】【高分句型1】What you should know is that spending too much time playing Dou Yin can make you exhausted and can’t concentrate on a class attentively.（运用了what引导的主语从句和that引导表语从句） 【高分句型2】It is highly suggested that you should develop an interest in other things, such as reading and running.（运用了it作形式主语，that引导主语从句） B．假定你是红星中学高一学生李华，你校学生会准备开展“低碳生活，从我做起”的活动，现面向全校征集活动方案。请你给学生会主席写信提出建议，要点包括： 1.写信目的； 2.具体建议； 3.希望建议被采纳。 Word Bank: 低碳生活：low-carbon life 活动：activity 学生会：students’ union 注意：1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear President, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear President, Knowing that a campaign aimed at promoting a low-carbon life will be launched on our campus, I am more than delighted to contribute my ideas. My suggestions are as follows. First of all, there will be an exhibition featuring the beauty of nature and the negative effects of human activities. Besides, a class meeting centered on how to live a low-carbon life will be held, where students can brainstorm various ways to go green in our daily life. More importantly, students are encouraged to practice green living, like using cloth bags instead of plastic ones and taking public transportation. I would appreciate it if you could take my suggestions into consideration. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生给学生会主席写信，就“低碳生活，从我做起”的活动方案提出建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：delighted→glad 首先：first of all→to begin with 影响：effect→influence 各种各样的：various→all kinds of 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：First of all, there will be an exhibition featuring the beauty of nature and the negative effects of human activities. 拓展句：First of all, there will be an exhibition which features the beauty of nature and the negative effects of human activities. 【点睛】[高分句型1]Knowing that a campaign aimed at promoting a low-carbon life will be launched on our campus, I am more than delighted to contribute my ideas.（运用了现在分词作状语，that引导宾语从句） [高分句型2]Besides, a class meeting centered on how to live a low-carbon life will be held, where students can brainstorm various ways to go green in our daily life.（运用了“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作宾语，where引导非限制性定语从句） 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ UNIT1 TEENAGE LIFE（语法+写作） 目录 单元语法：名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语 写作聚焦：写作指导、建议信 学以致用：巩固提升，全面突破 单元语法 一、名词短语（NP）（Noun Phrase） 指以一个名词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于名词。名词短语通常是由名词及其修饰语构成。 （一）名词短语的组成 1.前置定语+名词 作前置定语的主要有： 限定词、名词所有格、数词、形容词、名词、单个的分词或动名词等。 限定词包括： 冠词 (a/an/the ) 指示代(this/that/these/those) 物主代(my/your/his/her/their) 不定代(some/no/neither/both) The online shop sells children’s and men’s shoes at a very low price. 网店以低廉的价格销售儿童和男士的鞋子。 Our school has fifty-six women teachers. 我们学校有56个女教师。 The sleeping child is his son. 正在睡觉的孩子是他的儿子. The fallen leaves are like a thick blanket on the ground. 落叶像一层厚厚的毯子盖在地上。 2.名词+ 后置定语 作后置定语的主要有： 介词短语、分词、不定式等。 If you don’t know the way to the science museum, here is a map of the city. 如果你不知道去科技博物馆的路，这是城市地图。 There are some boys playing basketball over there. 有一些男孩正在那边打篮球。 The problem discussed yesterday has been solved. 昨天讨论的问题被解决了。 （二）名词短语的功能 名词短语在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。 1.作主语 The houses built last year are for the teachers.去年建成的那些房子是为老师们建的。 2.作宾语 Jack’s mother can’t go to the parents’ meeting because she is too busy. 杰克的妈妈不能参加家长会，因为她太忙了。 3.作表语 He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这个工作最好的人选。 This is the method of cooking the tasty cookie.这是做这种美味甜饼的方法。 4.作宾补 We made Tom our group leader. 我们选汤姆当我们的组长。 More and more foreigners consider Beijing Opera an important part of Chinese culture. 越来越多的外国人认为京剧是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。 二．形容词短语（AdjP）（Adjective Phrase） 指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词。形容词短语通常是由形容词及其修饰语构成。 （1） 形容词短语的组成 1.副词+形容词 注意：enough修饰形容词，放在所修饰的形容词之后。 The little boy is very /quite/ really clever. 这个小男孩很/真的聪明。 I’m terribly sorry. 我非常抱歉。 Tom is much more friendly. 汤姆更友好。 This coat was much too expensive.这件大衣太贵了。 This movie wasn’t interesting enough. 这部电影不足够有趣。 You can’t be careful enough. 你怎么小心也不为过。 2. 形容词+介词短语 His face was white with anger. 他的脸气得发白。 The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。 3. 形容词+不定式短语 He is sure to come. 他一定会来的。 He is eager to see his parents. 他急切地想见到父母。 （二）形容词短语的功能 形容词短语在句中当作形容词用，一般可用作定语（修饰名词或代词）、表语、宾语补足语或状语。 1. 作定语 My little sister is a very curious girl and she always asks me strange questions. 我的小妹妹是一个好奇心强的女孩，她总是问我奇怪的问题。 Tom is a student always ready to help others. 汤姆是个学生，总是乐于助人。 2. 作表语 Robot is so busy that he even has no time to stay with his children at weekends. 罗伯特如此忙,以至于周末他没有时间和孩子待在一起。 He can't do anything, he's completely good for nothing!他什么都干不了，一点也没用。 3. 作宾补 Helping others makes us very proud. 帮助别人使我们非常自豪。 I find the book easy to understand.我发现这本书很好懂。 4. 作状语 After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired. 长途旅行后他们三人回家了，又累又饿。 Curious enough，Danny opened the box to see what was in it. 出于好奇，丹尼打开了那只盒子，想看看里面是什么。 三．副词短语（AdvP）（Adverbial Phrase） 指以一个副词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于副词。副词短语通常是由副词及其修饰语构成。 （1） 副词短语的组成 副词+副词 注意：very ,quite, extremely等程度副词修饰副词时，放在所修饰的副词之前；enough修饰副词时，放在所修饰的副词之后。 He runs very quickly.他跑的很快。 You are speaking too fast. Can you speak a little more slowly?你说得太快了，你能说慢一点儿吗？ You speak clearly enough. I can follow you. 你讲得足够清楚，我能听懂。 （2） 副词短语的功能 1.修饰动词 He speaks English quite fluently. 他英语说得很流利。 2.修饰形容词 The instructions on the box are really very confusing.盒子上的使用说明令人费解。 3.修饰副词 The fire spread far too fast.大火蔓延得太快了。 4.修饰句子 Luckily enough, we won the first prize for the competition. 足够幸运的是，我们获得了比赛的第一名。 总之，短语是英语中较大的词块,灵活地掌握词块,对丰富学生的词汇量,提高学生的阅读和写作水平会起到事半功倍的作用。 写作聚焦 一、写作方法指导 建议信是常用的书信形式之一，主要用来针对收信人存在的某一问题提出自己的合理化建议，从而达到帮助对方解决问题的目的。建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。 【基本框架】 1．开头——开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点(state your idea)； 2．主体——对所提出的问题进行分析并说明理由，接着提出自己的建议(reasons and evidence)； 3．结尾——呼应开头，重申观点(restate your opinion)。 【注意事项】 1．开门见山，直入主题。在书信正文的开头找准话题的切入点，自然而然地引出自己想要谈的主题。写信时要充分了解情况，有的放矢，以提高书信的针对性。 2．给出希望对方采取或者终止某种行为的理由。在陈述理由的过程中要换位思考，尽量为对方考虑。要用事实说话，以增强说服力。 3．语气要和缓，让对方考虑你的想法或者建议，以理服人是关键，不能把自己的想法强加于人。 4．给出合理建议，通过提建议让对方明确行动的方向，从而达到写信的最终目的。 二、写作素材 【常用词块】 1．I think it would be a good idea if...如果……我认为这是个好主意 2．In my opinion it would be wise to...依我看，做……是明智的 3．I suggest that you should...我建议你应该…… 4．In my opinion，you'd better...我认为你最好…… 5．I advise you to...我建议你…… 6．If I were you，I would...如果我是你的话，我会…… 7．Why not...？/Why don't you...? 为什么不……？ 8．How about...？/What about...? ……怎么样？ 【常用语句】 ※ 精彩开头 1．I know you are now having trouble communicating with others，and you may often feel lonely.我知道你现在在与人交流方面有些麻烦，你也可能经常感到孤独。 2．I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on...很高兴收到你就……征求建议的来信。 3．Here are some tips/a few suggestions to help you.这里有帮助你的一些建议。 ※ 正文佳句 1．First(ly)，why not join a club? If you do this，you can make friends.首先，为什么不参加一个俱乐部呢？如果你这样做的话，就会交到朋友。 2．Second(ly)，you should/can try to talk with others.Then/That way，you will feel better.其次，你应该尽可能与人交谈。这样，你会感觉好点。 3．Third(ly)，it would be a good idea if you read a book or listen to music.By doing this，you will calm yourself down.第三，如果你看书或听音乐，这会是个不错的主意。通过这样做，你会使自己平静下来。 4．Last but not least，you should talk with her first.最后但同等重要的是，你应该先和她谈一谈。 5．As far as I am concerned/In my opinion，you should help each other.就我而言/在我看来，你们应该互相帮助。 ※ 余味结尾 1．I hope you will find these ideas useful.我希望你会发现这些办法有用。 2．As time goes on，people will know you better and will like to make friends with you if you can follow the above advice.如果你遵从以上建议，随着时间的推移，人们会更加了解你，会愿意和你交朋友的。 3．I believe that if you follow my advice，you'll get along well with your classmates.我相信，如果你听从我的建议，你会和同学们相处很好的。 三、典例详析 假如你是李华，最近收到了你的美国朋友Jenny的来信。她在信中说：由于刚进入高中还不能适应新环境，她不知道如何去结交新朋友，因而情绪低落。请你回信，内容如下： 1．向Jenny表示问候和安慰； 2．针对她的问题提出以下建议： (1)放学后邀请同学一起参加活动； (2)遇到困难时，互相帮助。 注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步：审题谋篇 第二步：要点翻译 1．你进入高中后情绪低落。You feel bad after entering high school． 2．你的同学也面临着同样的问题。Your classmates are facing the same problem． 3．你不必太担心。You don’t have to worry too much about it. 4．尽力邀请你的同学一起参加一些活动。 通过相互交流有助于相互理解。 Try to invite your classmates to take part in some activities together.It will help you understand each other better by communicating with them． 5．帮助有困难的同学。Help students who are in trouble． 第三步：词句升级 1．用因果关系结构连接要点2、3 Your classmates are facing the same problem, so you don’t have to worry too much about it. 2．用定语从句合并升级要点4 Try to invite your classmates to take part in some activities together,_ which will help you understand each other better by communicating with them. 第四步：连句成篇 Dear Jenny， I am sorry to hear you feel bad after entering high school.As far as I know, your classmates are facing the same problem, so you don’t have to worry too much about it.Here are some suggestions to help you. First, try to invite your classmates to take part in some activities together, which will help you understand each other better by communicating with them.Besides, help students who are in trouble. I do hope you will find my suggestions useful. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 学以致用 一、写出画线处的短语类型 1．We have a much better life now. 2．Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 3．She types quickly and correctly. 4．Interested in their work, she picked up a pair of scissors. 5．Eager to improve farming conditions, they tried out this new crop on a large area. 6．The festival is one of the four largest ice and snow festivals in the world! 7．Nowadays young people never willingly let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules. 8．It is obvious that the widespread and recognition of Western holidays is harmful to our traditional value. 9．Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 10．He can finish that much quicker. 二、用所给词的适当形式修饰画线部分，并指出短语的词性。 11．Hearing the news, I as well as my classmates wore an expression. (annoy) 12．Jane felt anxious when it was beginning to rain. (real) 13．As a doctor, he is responsible for his patients.(very) 14．I’m hungry. I want a big piece of bread to eat.(terrible) 15．I have been living in the city for over ten years so I’m familiar with it.(quite) 16．When he was a teenager, an accident nearly took his life. (car) 17．Thanks to their work, the new bridge has been completed.(hard) 18．We planned to invite an expert to train these new workers.(famous) 19．He rushed out of the door quickly and disappeared in the darkness. (so) 20．With these machines, we finished the work ahead of schedule. (modern, advanced) 三、写作训练 A．假设你叫李华，你的朋友John沉迷于抖音（DouYin）而不能自拔，写信向你寻求帮助，请你给他写一封建议信。 内容包括: 1. 表示理解和关心；2. 沉迷抖音的影响；3. 提出具体建议。 要求1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾，不计入总词数。 Dear John, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua B．假定你是红星中学高一学生李华，你校学生会准备开展“低碳生活，从我做起”的活动，现面向全校征集活动方案。请你给学生会主席写信提出建议，要点包括： 1.写信目的； 2.具体建议； 3.希望建议被采纳。 Word Bank: 低碳生活：low-carbon life 活动：activity 学生会：students’ union 注意：1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear President, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$