专题 S303 复杂句之定语从句-【弯道超车-备战毕业班】2025年 高中英语新高三 暑假自学培优提升学案（全国通用）

新高三毕业班·衔接讲义 专题 S303复杂句之定语从句 暑假自习提升（全国通用） 内 容 提 要 考点速览 思维导图，把握考点框架 精讲精练 讲练结合，梳理关键考点 难点突破 突出重难点，全面提升能力 真题演练 感受真题，快速突破壁垒 考点一：定语从句总览 （一）核心定义与构成 定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，在句中相当于形容词，因此也称为 “形容词性从句”。其核心要素包括： 1. 先行词：被修饰的名词 / 代词（如：the book that I read）； 2. 关系词：引导从句并在句中充当成分（who/which/that 等）； 3. 从句：修饰先行词的完整句子结构。 （二）分类对比 类型 与主句关系 标点符号 能否省略 引导词限制 限制性定语从句 紧密，不可缺少 无逗号 不能 可使用 that 非限制性定语从句 松散，补充说明 有逗号 可以 不可使用 that 考点二：关系代词 （一）关系代词的核心用法 关系代词 先行词 成分 例句 who 人 主语 / 宾语 The man who spoke at the online meeting is my history teacher. whom 人 宾语 The girl whom you met at the party yesterday is my classmate. which 物 主语 / 宾语 The book which lies on the teacher’s desk is mine. that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 / 表语 This is the best movie that I have ever watched with my family. whose 人 / 物 定语 The boy whose father is a famous doctor studies in our school. as 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 / 表语 As we all know, he is a hardworking student in our class. （二）易混引导词辨析 1. that vs. which o 只能用 that 的情况： o 先行词为 all, little, something 等不定代词（例：All that he told us in the letter is true.）； o 先行词被 the only, the very 等修饰（例：This is the only book that I need for the exam.）； o 只能用 which 的情况： o 引导非限制性定语从句（例：The book, which I bought last week, is very interesting.）； 2. as vs. which o as：可置于句首，译为 “正如”（例：As the teacher expected, he passed the important exam.）； o which：指代前文整个句子（例：He was late again, which made the teacher very angry.）。 （三）对点练习 1. The man ______ is standing over there talking to my father is my uncle. 2. This is the new house ______ my parents bought last month in the city center. 3. She is the talented girl ______ mother is a famous pianist in our city. 4. He is such an excellent student ______ all his teachers like very much. 5. The interesting book ______ you lent me last week is very helpful for my study. 考点三：关系副词 （一）关系副词的核心用法 关系副词 先行词 成分 例句 when 时间名词（day, year 等） 时间状语 I still remember the day when we visited the Great Wall together. where 地点名词 / 抽象地点（place, situation 等） 地点状语 This is the beautiful place where I took many photos last summer. why the reason 原因状语 Do you know the reason why he didn’t attend the important meeting? （二）抽象地点的判定  当先行词为 case, situation, point 等抽象名词时，若从句中缺少地点状语，用 where 引导： o 例：We are in a difficult situation where we need to ask for help.（我们处于需要寻求帮助的困难情形中。） （三）对点练习 1. I will never forget the special day ______ we went to the old town for a trip. 2. This is the modern city ______ my elder sister works and lives now. 3. Can you tell me the real reason ______ he was absent from the class this morning? 4. They reached a key point ______ they had to make a final decision together. 5. I still remember the happy year ______ my whole family went to live in the countryside. 考点四：非限制性定语从句 （一）核心特点与用法 1. 与主句关系：非限制性定语从句与主句关系松散，需用逗号隔开，不可用 that 引导。 o 例：My mother, who is 50 years old this year, is a kind and hardworking teacher.（我母亲今年 50 岁，是一位善良勤劳的教师。） 2. which 的特殊用法：可指代前文整个句子，译为 “这一点”。 o 例：He didn’t study hard for the exam, which led to his poor grades.（他没有为考试努力学习，这导致了他的成绩不好。） 3. 部分与整体关系：可用 “all/some/most of which/whom” 结构。 o 例：There are 45 students in our class, most of whom are interested in science.（我们班有 45 名学生，其中大多数对科学感兴趣。） （二）对点练习 1. The new book, ______ is about space science, was written by my favorite writer. 2. He has three lovely sons, all of ______ are studying in key universities. 3. As we had expected, he won the competition, ______ made all of us very excited. 4. The old house, ______ roof was broken in the storm, belongs to my grandparents. 5. She came to school late again this morning, ______ was quite unexpected for us. 考点五：介词+关系代词 （一）核心结构与介词选择 1. 结构：介词 + which/whom（不可用 that 或 who）。 o 例：This is the person to whom I sent an email yesterday.（这是我昨天给他发电子邮件的人。） 2. 介词选择依据： o 先行词与介词的固定搭配（例：the day on which he was born）； o 从句中动词与介词的搭配（例：the book from which I learned a lot of knowledge）。 3. 特殊结构： o “名词 / 数词 + of which/whom” 表部分与整体（例：I have 5 English books, two of which are about American culture.）； （二）对点练习 1. This is the comfortable room ______ which my little brother lives in the new apartment. 2. The famous professor ______ whom I talked at the conference is from Peking University. 3. There are 20 foreign students in our school, five of ______ are from Canada. 4. The useful dictionary ______ which I paid 50 yuan is very helpful for my English study. 5. This is the special pen ______ which I wrote the important letter yesterday afternoon. 一、关系代词的选择陷阱 难点核心 1. that 与 which 的隐形限制： o 当先行词为不定代词（all, anything）或被最高级修饰时，只能用 that，如：× This is the most interesting book which I’ve read. √ This is the most interesting book that I’ve read. o 非限制性定语从句或介词后只能用 which，如：× The house, that is painted red, is mine. √ The house, which is painted red, is mine. 2. whose 的物主关系混淆： o 易忽略 whose 可指物，如：× The building, which roof is broken, needs repair. √ The building, whose roof is broken, needs repair.（whose=the roof of which） 3. as 的固定搭配遗漏： o such/so...as 结构中误用 that，如：× He is so kind a man that everyone likes. √ He is so kind a man as everyone likes.（as 在从句中作宾语） 二、关系副词与关系代词的混用 难点核心 1. where 的抽象地点误判： o 当先行词为 case, point, situation 等抽象名词时，易误用 which，如：× We are in a case which we need to act quickly. √ We are in a case where we need to act quickly.（where 作地点状语） 2. when 与 which 的时间关系错用： o 先行词为时间名词时，若从句缺主语 / 宾语，应用 which/that，如：× I still remember the day when we spent together. √ I still remember the day that/which we spent together.（spent 缺宾语） 3. why 的唯一先行词误用： o why 只能修饰 the reason，其他原因类名词需用 for which，如：× The cause why he failed is lack of practice. √ The cause for which he failed is lack of practice. 三、非限制性定语从句的结构误区 难点核心 1. that 的非法使用： o 非限制性定语从句中误用 that，如：× My father, that is a doctor, works hard. √ My father, who is a doctor, works hard. 2. which 的指代范围错误： o which 可指代整个主句，但需注意逻辑一致性，如：× He got up late, which made him miss the bus.（正确，which 指代 “起床晚”）× He got up late, which was in the morning.（错误，which 不能指代时间） 3. 逗号的遗漏风险： o 限制性与非限制性从句混淆，如：× My sister who lives in Beijing is a teacher.（暗示有多个姐姐）√ My sister, who lives in Beijing, is a teacher.（唯一姐姐，补充说明） 四、“介词 + 关系代词” 的搭配难点 难点核心 1. 介词选择的双重依据： o 需同时考虑先行词搭配与从句动词搭配，如：× The book at which I looked is interesting. √ The book which I looked at is interesting.（look at 固定搭配） 2. of which/whom 的数量表达错误： o 数词 + of + 关系代词结构中，易漏用 of，如：× There are 30 students, most whom are boys. √ There are 30 students, most of whom are boys. 3. whose 与 the + 名词 + of which 的转换失误： o 转换时忽略名词单复数，如：× The house, the window of which are broken, is empty. √ The house, the windows of which are broken, is empty.（windows 与 are 一致） 五、as 引导定语从句的特殊难点 难点核心 1. as 的句首位置遗忘： o as 引导非限制性从句可置于句首，如：× He is a doctor, as we know it. √ As we know, he is a doctor.（as 指代后文，it 多余） 2. as 与 which 的语义混淆： o as 含 “正如” 预期性，which 表 “这一点” 事实性，如：× He failed the exam, as made us surprised. √ He failed the exam, which made us surprised.（失败是意外事实，用 which） 3. such as 与 such that 的句型混乱： o such as 后缺成分（定语从句），such that 后完整（结果状语从句），如：× He has such a good book that we all like. √ He has such a good book as we all like.（like 缺宾语，用 as） 真题速递 1. [2025 年浙江高考] Many westerners 57.___________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58.(it) can be to eat out. 2. [2024 年甲卷] Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 50.___________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.  3. [2024 年全国 II 卷] Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 36.___________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.  4. [2024 年浙江卷 1 月] Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 3.____________ will make them the most money.  5. [2024 年北京卷] Tinniswood, 17.___________ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life.  6. [2023 年全国甲卷] Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3.______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”  7. [2023 年全国乙卷] But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 3.______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.  8. [2023 年北京卷] Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago,____8____thousands were attending a water conference.  9. [2022 年新高考 I 卷] The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 10.___________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.  10. [2022 年全国甲卷] On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2.___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.   11. [2022 年北京卷] That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 8.___________ are only good for one use.  12. [2021 年新高考全国 II 卷] I decided that if I learned of a company____4____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.  13. [2022 年浙江卷 1 月] Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 1.___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.  14. [2021 年浙江卷 1 月] BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool____2____gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.  名校模拟 Passage 1 （2025·广东深圳·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Is that Big Ben? At the Science Museum’s amazing exhibition, a tall mechanical clock 1 a spire (尖顶) and a four-faced base catches the eye. This is a “zimingzhong,” or “self-striking bell,” a type of clock collected by Chinese emperors. Twenty-three such clocks, borrowed from Beijing’s Palace Museum 2 shown in Britain for the first time, are now on display in South Kensington. In the 18th century, British merchants eager for Chinese silk and tea decided to promote their country’s clockmakers. Skilled clockmakers like James Cox 3 (know) how to make luxury clocks with complex parts that could ring and move. Some could even play music, 4 (earn) them the old British name “sing-songs”. Chinese emperors loved these “foreign 5 (curiosity)” and asked for them as gifts. To say zimingzhong are complicated is to understate their 6 (grand). Decorated with gold, glass, and materials like kingfisher feathers, they shine with richness. To modern viewers, they look fancy and almost over-the-top, like glittering jewels. These clocks were meant to surprise: one has lotus petals (花瓣) that can open 7 (show) tiny figures inside. 8 (sad), because they are so old and delicate, the zimingzhong at the Science Museum must remain silent and still. However, a recorded sound of ticks and bells creates 9 magical atmosphere. Though they may not fit modern tastes, they are wonderful, just 10 the Qianlong Emperor said: “heavenly made”. Passage 2 （2025·福建福州·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the late 18th century, a form of drama called “French Light and Shadow” gained widespread popularity in Paris and Marseilles. This art form was inspired by traditional Chinese shadow play dating back over 2,000 years, which, often 1 (refer) to as the world’s earliest “movie art”, combines live performance with voice effects. By the Song Dynasty, it 2 (grow) into a highly-developed art capable of relating stories of the Three Kingdoms before the rise of traditional Chinese opera. During the Ming Dynasty, shadow plays became 3 most popular form of entertainment, especially in cities like Beijing. Even today, its influence can still be seen in modern film-making, 4 (shape) how stories are told. Creating shadow-play puppets (木偶) requires both choice 5 (material) and skills. Donkey hide (驴皮) is carved into the heads, limbs and bodies of the figures, then painted and joined using threads and links. The true magic of shadow play lies not just in its making, 6 in its live performance, 7 a team of puppeteers (木偶操纵师), narrators, and musicians work together in harmony. During the performance, as light shines on the human figures, vivid shadows 8 (project) onto a screen. The puppeteers, standing behind the screen, move the figures with five bamboo sticks, while the narrators sing and the musicians play instruments like drums and gongs. 9 the opposite side, audiences see the figures on the screen come to life through the shadows, whose movements are so 10 (express) that people forget they’re just watching shadows. Passage 3 （2025·浙江·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last week, the Taklimakan Desert. known as the “Sea of Death,” was completely encircled with a sand-blocking green belt of vegetation (植被) 1 (stretch) 1,046 km. This project is closely watched and viewed by the international community 2 a green “Great Wall” that helps tackle desertification, greatly contributes to higher global forest coverage, and 3 (respond) to the challenges of climate change. On Thursday morning, several desert-tolerant plant species, including desert poplar and red willow, 4 (plant) on sandy land in Yutian County on the southern edge of the desert, marking the completion of the final stretch of the green belt. The Taklimakan, 5 circumference (圆周) measures 3,046 km, covers 337,600 km2, making 6 the largest desert in China and the second-largest shifting desert in the world. It has taken more than 40 years to 7 (full) enclose the desert with a green belt. By the end of 2023, the project was nearly completed, leaving only the final, most challenging section, approximately 285 km in 8 (long), which faces the most severe wind and sand threats. Since 2024, Xinjiang 9 (take) targeted and scientific measures to close this gap. Alongside the green belt, efforts have been made 10 (promote) the development of sand industries to benefit local residents. Passage 4 （2025·江西新余·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Longjing Shrimp In China, Longjing tea is made with leaves 1 (fresh) picked before Qingming. It’s a luxury for tea 2 (love). Cooked with river shrimps, it is 3 essential ingredient of the Hangzhou well-known dish Longjing Shrimp (龙井虾仁). Longjing tea originates in the West Lake in Hangzhou and is famous for its jade-green color, fragrance (香味), delicious flavor, and delicate shape: It is said that the tea gained its reputation during the Tang and Song dynasties, and its production techniques 4 (improve) over the generations. Longjing Shrimp 5 (be) closely connected to Qing Emperor Qianlong. On his trip to-the south, he dressed as a civilian and traveled around the West Lake. 6 (Stop) at a Longjing Village farmhouse, he was offered a cup of tea made from fresh tea leaves. It was so 7 (taste) that he asked a handful of tea leaves as he left and hid them in his disguised imperial gown (御袍). Later, while eating at a restaurant, he asked the waiter to make the tea. Catching a glimpse of his imperial gown, the waiter rushed to tell the owner, 8 was cooking shrimps. Shocked, the owner mistook the tea leaves for pieces of green onion and put them into the pan. The pink shrimps dotted 9 green tea leaves produced attractive fragrance that immediately caught the Emperor’s heart. Soon, chefs at the famous restaurant in Hangzhou were making bold steps, innovating cooking techniques 10 (make) the dish a specialty. Passage 5 （2025·广东广州·三模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On behalf of his hometown team from the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, Rozimemet Turghun, an 18-year-old teenager whose parents made a living from herding, 1 (stand) among more than 4,000 competitors at the second Vocational Skills Competition. Although he didn’t win a medal in the mobile robotics competition, his 2 (enthusiastic) never faded. When he was in hometown, he developed a preference for repairing household electronics. Even 3 instructions, he was able to repair electronic stuff like lamps and radios. After 4 (leave) senior high school, he studied at Aksu Technical College. The chance came last year, 5 Zhao Pengfei, vice-dean of the electrical and mechanical engineering department, started organizing a team for a skills competition. Rozimemet Turghun’s 6 (impress) abilities caught Zhao’s eye. He 7 (choose) to join the team, and focused on technologies 8 (relate) to industrial robot applications. The competition was 9 (obvious) a challenge for someone with little experience with computers. Rozimemet Turghun acquired the skills, memorized the position of each part and practiced each step, day and night. One month later, he and his teammate won a bronze during the Xinjiang tryout for the second Vocational Skills Competition. They surprised everyone by completing a mobile robot in just 2 hours and 12 minutes, 10 achievement that would have been beyond his wildest dreams. He hoped to sharpen his skills and step onto even broader stages. 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$新高三毕业班·衔接讲义 专题 S303复杂句之定语从句 暑假自习提升（全国通用） 内 容 提 要 考点速览 思维导图，把握考点框架 精讲精练 讲练结合，梳理关键考点 难点突破 突出重难点，全面提升能力 真题演练 感受真题，快速突破壁垒 考点一：定语从句总览 （一）核心定义与构成 定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，在句中相当于形容词，因此也称为 “形容词性从句”。其核心要素包括： 1. 先行词：被修饰的名词 / 代词（如：the book that I read）； 2. 关系词：引导从句并在句中充当成分（who/which/that 等）； 3. 从句：修饰先行词的完整句子结构。 （二）分类对比 类型 与主句关系 标点符号 能否省略 引导词限制 限制性定语从句 紧密，不可缺少 无逗号 不能 可使用 that 非限制性定语从句 松散，补充说明 有逗号 可以 不可使用 that 考点二：关系代词 （一）关系代词的核心用法 关系代词 先行词 成分 例句 who 人 主语 / 宾语 The man who spoke at the online meeting is my history teacher. whom 人 宾语 The girl whom you met at the party yesterday is my classmate. which 物 主语 / 宾语 The book which lies on the teacher’s desk is mine. that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 / 表语 This is the best movie that I have ever watched with my family. whose 人 / 物 定语 The boy whose father is a famous doctor studies in our school. as 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 / 表语 As we all know, he is a hardworking student in our class. （二）易混引导词辨析 1. that vs. which o 只能用 that 的情况： o 先行词为 all, little, something 等不定代词（例：All that he told us in the letter is true.）； o 先行词被 the only, the very 等修饰（例：This is the only book that I need for the exam.）； o 只能用 which 的情况： o 引导非限制性定语从句（例：The book, which I bought last week, is very interesting.）； 2. as vs. which o as：可置于句首，译为 “正如”（例：As the teacher expected, he passed the important exam.）； o which：指代前文整个句子（例：He was late again, which made the teacher very angry.）。 （三）对点练习 1. The man ______ is standing over there talking to my father is my uncle. 答案：who/that 解析：句意：站在那边和我父亲说话的男人是我叔叔。先行词 the man 指人，在从句中作主语，可用 who 或 that 引导。 2. This is the new house ______ my parents bought last month in the city center. 答案：that/which 解析：句意：这是我父母上个月在市中心买的新房子。先行词 the new house 指物，在从句中作宾语，可用 that 或 which 引导。 3. She is the talented girl ______ mother is a famous pianist in our city. 答案：whose 解析：句意：她是那个母亲是我市著名钢琴家的才华横溢的女孩。先行词 the talented girl 指人，在从句中作 mother 的定语，用 whose 引导。 4. He is such an excellent student ______ all his teachers like very much. 答案：as 解析：句意：他是一个所有老师都非常喜欢的优秀学生。先行词被 such 修饰，用 as 引导定语从句，as 在从句中作宾语。 5. The interesting book ______ you lent me last week is very helpful for my study. 答案：that/which 解析：句意：你上周借给我的那本有趣的书对我的学习很有帮助。先行词 the interesting book 指物，在从句中作宾语，可用 that 或 which 引导。 考点三：关系副词 （一）关系副词的核心用法 关系副词 先行词 成分 例句 when 时间名词（day, year 等） 时间状语 I still remember the day when we visited the Great Wall together. where 地点名词 / 抽象地点（place, situation 等） 地点状语 This is the beautiful place where I took many photos last summer. why the reason 原因状语 Do you know the reason why he didn’t attend the important meeting? （二）抽象地点的判定  当先行词为 case, situation, point 等抽象名词时，若从句中缺少地点状语，用 where 引导： o 例：We are in a difficult situation where we need to ask for help.（我们处于需要寻求帮助的困难情形中。） （三）对点练习 1. I will never forget the special day ______ we went to the old town for a trip. 答案：when 解析：句意：我永远不会忘记我们去古镇旅行的那个特殊日子。先行词 the special day 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，用 when 引导。 2. This is the modern city ______ my elder sister works and lives now. 答案：where 解析：句意：这是我姐姐现在工作和生活的现代化城市。先行词 the modern city 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，用 where 引导。 3. Can you tell me the real reason ______ he was absent from the class this morning? 答案：why 解析：句意：你能告诉我他今天早上缺课的真正原因吗？先行词 the real reason 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，用 why 引导。 4. They reached a key point ______ they had to make a final decision together. 答案：where 解析：句意：他们到了必须一起做最后决定的关键点。先行词 a key point 为抽象地点，在从句中作地点状语，用 where 引导。 5. I still remember the happy year ______ my whole family went to live in the countryside. 答案：when 解析：句意：我仍然记得我们全家去乡下生活的快乐一年。先行词 the happy year 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，用 when 引导。 考点四：非限制性定语从句 （一）核心特点与用法 1. 与主句关系：非限制性定语从句与主句关系松散，需用逗号隔开，不可用 that 引导。 o 例：My mother, who is 50 years old this year, is a kind and hardworking teacher.（我母亲今年 50 岁，是一位善良勤劳的教师。） 2. which 的特殊用法：可指代前文整个句子，译为 “这一点”。 o 例：He didn’t study hard for the exam, which led to his poor grades.（他没有为考试努力学习，这导致了他的成绩不好。） 3. 部分与整体关系：可用 “all/some/most of which/whom” 结构。 o 例：There are 45 students in our class, most of whom are interested in science.（我们班有 45 名学生，其中大多数对科学感兴趣。） （二）对点练习 1. The new book, ______ is about space science, was written by my favorite writer. 答案：which 解析：句意：这本关于太空科学的新书是我最喜欢的作家写的。非限制性定语从句修饰 the new book，用 which 引导，不可用 that。 2. He has three lovely sons, all of ______ are studying in key universities. 答案：whom 解析：句意：他有三个可爱的儿子，都在重点大学学习。先行词 three lovely sons 指人，在从句中作 of 的宾语，用 whom 引导。 3. As we had expected, he won the competition, ______ made all of us very excited. 答案：which 解析：句意：正如我们所期望的，他赢得了比赛，这使我们所有人都非常兴奋。which 指代前文整个句子，在从句中作主语。 4. The old house, ______ roof was broken in the storm, belongs to my grandparents. 答案：whose 解析：句意：那座在暴风雨中屋顶损坏的老房子是我祖父母的。先行词 the old house 指物，在从句中作 roof 的定语，用 whose 引导。 5. She came to school late again this morning, ______ was quite unexpected for us. 答案：which 解析：句意：她今天早上又迟到了，这对我们来说很意外。which 指代前文整个句子，在从句中作主语。 考点五：介词+关系代词 （一）核心结构与介词选择 1. 结构：介词 + which/whom（不可用 that 或 who）。 o 例：This is the person to whom I sent an email yesterday.（这是我昨天给他发电子邮件的人。） 2. 介词选择依据： o 先行词与介词的固定搭配（例：the day on which he was born）； o 从句中动词与介词的搭配（例：the book from which I learned a lot of knowledge）。 3. 特殊结构： o “名词 / 数词 + of which/whom” 表部分与整体（例：I have 5 English books, two of which are about American culture.）； （二）对点练习 1. This is the comfortable room ______ which my little brother lives in the new apartment. 答案：in 解析：句意：这是我弟弟在新公寓里住的舒适房间。live in the room，先行词 the comfortable room 指物，用 in which 引导。 2. The famous professor ______ whom I talked at the conference is from Peking University. 答案：to 解析：句意：我在会议上和他交谈的那位著名教授来自北京大学。talk to the professor，先行词 the famous professor 指人，用 to whom 引导。 3. There are 20 foreign students in our school, five of ______ are from Canada. 答案：whom 解析：句意：我们学校有 20 名外国学生，其中五名来自加拿大。先行词 20 foreign students 指人，用 five of whom 引导。 4. The useful dictionary ______ which I paid 50 yuan is very helpful for my English study. 答案：for 解析：句意：我花 50 元买的那本有用的词典对我的英语学习很有帮助。pay for the dictionary，用 for which 引导。 5. This is the special pen ______ which I wrote the important letter yesterday afternoon. 答案：with 解析：句意：这就是我昨天下午用来写重要信件的那支特殊的笔。write with the pen，用 with which 引导。 一、关系代词的选择陷阱 难点核心 1. that 与 which 的隐形限制： o 当先行词为不定代词（all, anything）或被最高级修饰时，只能用 that，如：× This is the most interesting book which I’ve read. √ This is the most interesting book that I’ve read. o 非限制性定语从句或介词后只能用 which，如：× The house, that is painted red, is mine. √ The house, which is painted red, is mine. 2. whose 的物主关系混淆： o 易忽略 whose 可指物，如：× The building, which roof is broken, needs repair. √ The building, whose roof is broken, needs repair.（whose=the roof of which） 3. as 的固定搭配遗漏： o such/so...as 结构中误用 that，如：× He is so kind a man that everyone likes. √ He is so kind a man as everyone likes.（as 在从句中作宾语） 二、关系副词与关系代词的混用 难点核心 1. where 的抽象地点误判： o 当先行词为 case, point, situation 等抽象名词时，易误用 which，如：× We are in a case which we need to act quickly. √ We are in a case where we need to act quickly.（where 作地点状语） 2. when 与 which 的时间关系错用： o 先行词为时间名词时，若从句缺主语 / 宾语，应用 which/that，如：× I still remember the day when we spent together. √ I still remember the day that/which we spent together.（spent 缺宾语） 3. why 的唯一先行词误用： o why 只能修饰 the reason，其他原因类名词需用 for which，如：× The cause why he failed is lack of practice. √ The cause for which he failed is lack of practice. 三、非限制性定语从句的结构误区 难点核心 1. that 的非法使用： o 非限制性定语从句中误用 that，如：× My father, that is a doctor, works hard. √ My father, who is a doctor, works hard. 2. which 的指代范围错误： o which 可指代整个主句，但需注意逻辑一致性，如：× He got up late, which made him miss the bus.（正确，which 指代 “起床晚”）× He got up late, which was in the morning.（错误，which 不能指代时间） 3. 逗号的遗漏风险： o 限制性与非限制性从句混淆，如：× My sister who lives in Beijing is a teacher.（暗示有多个姐姐）√ My sister, who lives in Beijing, is a teacher.（唯一姐姐，补充说明） 四、“介词 + 关系代词” 的搭配难点 难点核心 1. 介词选择的双重依据： o 需同时考虑先行词搭配与从句动词搭配，如：× The book at which I looked is interesting. √ The book which I looked at is interesting.（look at 固定搭配） 2. of which/whom 的数量表达错误： o 数词 + of + 关系代词结构中，易漏用 of，如：× There are 30 students, most whom are boys. √ There are 30 students, most of whom are boys. 3. whose 与 the + 名词 + of which 的转换失误： o 转换时忽略名词单复数，如：× The house, the window of which are broken, is empty. √ The house, the windows of which are broken, is empty.（windows 与 are 一致） 五、as 引导定语从句的特殊难点 难点核心 1. as 的句首位置遗忘： o as 引导非限制性从句可置于句首，如：× He is a doctor, as we know it. √ As we know, he is a doctor.（as 指代后文，it 多余） 2. as 与 which 的语义混淆： o as 含 “正如” 预期性，which 表 “这一点” 事实性，如：× He failed the exam, as made us surprised. √ He failed the exam, which made us surprised.（失败是意外事实，用 which） 3. such as 与 such that 的句型混乱： o such as 后缺成分（定语从句），such that 后完整（结果状语从句），如：× He has such a good book that we all like. √ He has such a good book as we all like.（like 缺宾语，用 as） 真题速递 1. [2025 年浙江高考] Many westerners 57.___________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58.(it) can be to eat out. 答案：who/that  翻译：许多来到中国的西方人一旦意识到在外就餐有多么便宜，就会比在自己国家做饭少得多。  解析： o 先行词为 “westerners”（指人），在定语从句 “______ come to China” 中作主语。 o 关系代词可用 who 或 that，引导定语从句修饰先行词，且不可省略。 2. [2024 年甲卷] Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 50.___________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.  答案：which  翻译：黄石公园曾是美国最大的国家公园（占地 220 万英亩），直到阿拉斯加南部的兰格尔 - 圣伊莱亚斯在 1978 年成为国家纪念地，并于 1980 年以 1230 万英亩的面积被列为国家公园，从而获得这一殊荣。  解析：先行词为 “Wrangell-Saint Elias”，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，且从句与主句用逗号隔开，只能用关系代词 which。 3. [2024 年全国 II 卷] Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 36.___________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.  答案：who  翻译：纪念被誉为 “亚洲莎士比亚” 的汤显祖的中国文化元素，为威廉・莎士比亚的故乡埃文河畔斯特拉特福增添了国际特色。  解析：先行词为 “Tang Xianzu”（汤显祖），指人，在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词 who 引导从句。 4. [2024 年浙江卷 1 月] Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 3.____________ will make them the most money.  答案：that  翻译：当然，商店不是慈善机构 —— 它们以能让自己赚取最多利润的方式为商品定价。  解析：先行词为 “the way”，在定语从句中作主语（从句缺少主语），关系代词可用 that（不能省略）。 5. [2024 年北京卷] Tinniswood, 17.___________ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life.  答案：who  翻译：廷尼斯伍德不吸烟且很少喝酒，他认为适度是自己长寿且保持健康的原因。  解析：先行词为 “Tinniswood”（人名），指人，在定语从句中作主语，故用 who 引导非限制性定语从句。 6. [2023 年全国甲卷] Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3.______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”  答案：as  翻译：然而，正如雷切尔・卡森在《明天的寓言》中所言，寓言的形式在今天依然具有价值。  解析：as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，意为 “正如……”，常用于 “as + 动词（say/mention/report 等）+ 宾语” 结构。 7. [2023 年全国乙卷] But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 3.______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.  答案：that  翻译：尽管北京拥有众多古建筑，但它也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方。  解析：先行词为 “a place”（地点），在定语从句中作主语，可用关系代词 that（不能用 where，因 where 在从句中作状语）。 8. [2023 年北京卷] Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago,____8____thousands were attending a water conference.  答案：where  翻译：尼娜最近在芝加哥完成了她为期一年的系列跑步活动，当时有成千上万人正在那里参加一个水资源会议。  解析：先行词为 “Chicago”（芝加哥，地点），在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where（=in which）。 9. [2022 年新高考 I 卷] The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 10.___________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.  答案：that  翻译：大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫分布区内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。  解析：先行词为 “all the species”（所有物种），当先行词被 all 修饰时，定语从句只能用 that 引导（that 在从句中作主语）。 10. [2022 年全国甲卷] On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2.___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.  答案：who  翻译：在 1100 公里的旅程中，8 岁时因车祸失明的男子曹胜康穿越了三个省份的 40 个市县。  解析：先行词为 “the man Cao Shengkang”（曹胜康），指人，在定语从句中作主语，故用 who 引导非限制性定语从句。 11. [2022 年北京卷] That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 8.___________ are only good for one use.  答案：which  翻译：那包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数只能使用一次。  解析：先行词为 “cups, bottles, and bags”（物品），在定语从句中作介词 of 的宾语，且 “most of + 关系代词” 引导非限制性定语从句，故用 which（不能用 that）。 12. [2021 年新高考全国 II 卷] I decided that if I learned of a company____4____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.  答案：that  翻译：我决定，如果得知某家公司大量使用塑料，我会给它发邮件敦促其减少使用。  解析：先行词为 “a company”（公司），在定语从句中作主语，可用关系代词 that（指代物，作主语）。 13. [2022 年浙江卷 1 月] Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 1.___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.  答案：who  翻译：亚特兰大佐治亚理工学院教授金・科布是少数但数量正不断增加的学者之一，这些学者因气候变化而减少航空旅行。  解析：先行词为 “academics”（学者），指人，在定语从句中作主语，故用 who 引导从句（one of + 复数先行词 + who/that + 复数谓语）。 14. [2021 年浙江卷 1 月] BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool____2____gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.  答案：that/which  翻译：身体质量指数（BMI）是一种国际公认的测量工具，它能显示某人的体重是否健康。  解析：先行词为 “measurement tool”（测量工具），指物，在定语从句中作主语，可用 that 或 which 引导从句。 名校模拟 Passage 1 （2025·广东深圳·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Is that Big Ben? At the Science Museum’s amazing exhibition, a tall mechanical clock 1 a spire (尖顶) and a four-faced base catches the eye. This is a “zimingzhong,” or “self-striking bell,” a type of clock collected by Chinese emperors. Twenty-three such clocks, borrowed from Beijing’s Palace Museum 2 shown in Britain for the first time, are now on display in South Kensington. In the 18th century, British merchants eager for Chinese silk and tea decided to promote their country’s clockmakers. Skilled clockmakers like James Cox 3 (know) how to make luxury clocks with complex parts that could ring and move. Some could even play music, 4 (earn) them the old British name “sing-songs”. Chinese emperors loved these “foreign 5 (curiosity)” and asked for them as gifts. To say zimingzhong are complicated is to understate their 6 (grand). Decorated with gold, glass, and materials like kingfisher feathers, they shine with richness. To modern viewers, they look fancy and almost over-the-top, like glittering jewels. These clocks were meant to surprise: one has lotus petals (花瓣) that can open 7 (show) tiny figures inside. 8 (sad), because they are so old and delicate, the zimingzhong at the Science Museum must remain silent and still. However, a recorded sound of ticks and bells creates 9 magical atmosphere. Though they may not fit modern tastes, they are wonderful, just 10 the Qianlong Emperor said: “heavenly made”. 【答案】 1．with 2．and 3．knew 4．earning 5．curiosities 6．grandness 7．to show 8．Sadly 9．a 10．as 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述故宫珍贵钟表首次赴英展出。 1．考查介词。句意：在科学博物馆令人惊叹的展览中，一座带有尖顶和四面底座的高大机械钟吸引了人们的眼球。此处表示“带有”，使用介词with，故填with。 2．考查连词。句意：从北京故宫博物院借来的23个这样的时钟首次在英国展出，现在在南肯辛顿展出。borrowed from Beijing’s Palace Museum和shown in Britain for the first time是并列的短语，使用and连接，故填and。 3．考查一般过去时。句意：像James Cox这样熟练的钟表匠知道如何用复杂的部件制造出可以响铃和移动的豪华钟表。根据句意及从句中could可知此处是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填knew。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：有些甚至可以播放音乐，因此它们在英国被称为“sing-songs”。earn的逻辑主语是前面的句子，两者之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作状语，故填earning。 5．考查名词复数。句意：中国皇帝喜欢这些“外国珍品”，并要求将它们作为礼物。curiosity在句中意为“珍品”，为可数名词，由these可知应用名词复数形式，故填curiosities。 6．考查名词。句意：说自鸣钟复杂是低估了它们的宏伟。空处作宾语，前面有形容词性物主代词修饰，应填名词形式，故填grandness。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些钟是为了给人惊喜：其中一个钟的莲花花瓣可以打开，露出里面的小数字。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，使用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to show。 8．考查副词。句意：遗憾的是，由于它们如此古老和脆弱，科学博物馆的自鸣钟必须保持沉默和静止。空处作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，首字母应大写，故填Sadly。 9．考查冠词。句意：然而，一个记录的滴答声和钟声创造了一个神奇的氛围。此处泛指“一个神奇的氛围”，应用不定冠词，故填a。 10．考查定语从句。句意：虽然它们可能不符合现代人的口味，但它们是美妙的，正如乾隆皇帝所说：“天工”。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是后面的主句内容，关系词在从句中作宾语，表示“正如”，使用关系代词as引导，故填as。 Passage 2 （2025·福建福州·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the late 18th century, a form of drama called “French Light and Shadow” gained widespread popularity in Paris and Marseilles. This art form was inspired by traditional Chinese shadow play dating back over 2,000 years, which, often 1 (refer) to as the world’s earliest “movie art”, combines live performance with voice effects. By the Song Dynasty, it 2 (grow) into a highly-developed art capable of relating stories of the Three Kingdoms before the rise of traditional Chinese opera. During the Ming Dynasty, shadow plays became 3 most popular form of entertainment, especially in cities like Beijing. Even today, its influence can still be seen in modern film-making, 4 (shape) how stories are told. Creating shadow-play puppets (木偶) requires both choice 5 (material) and skills. Donkey hide (驴皮) is carved into the heads, limbs and bodies of the figures, then painted and joined using threads and links. The true magic of shadow play lies not just in its making, 6 in its live performance, 7 a team of puppeteers (木偶操纵师), narrators, and musicians work together in harmony. During the performance, as light shines on the human figures, vivid shadows 8 (project) onto a screen. The puppeteers, standing behind the screen, move the figures with five bamboo sticks, while the narrators sing and the musicians play instruments like drums and gongs. 9 the opposite side, audiences see the figures on the screen come to life through the shadows, whose movements are so 10 (express) that people forget they’re just watching shadows. 【答案】 1. referred 2. had grown 3. the 4. shaping 5. materials 6. but 7. where 8. are projected 9. On 10. expressive 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了18世纪末源于中国传统皮影戏的“法国光影”戏剧流行，皮影戏材料制作讲究，表演时团队配合，通过光影让观众看到生动影像。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种艺术形式的灵感源自有着超过2000年历史的中国传统皮影戏，它常被称为世界上最早的“电影艺术”，将现场表演与声音效果相结合。此处refer与This art form构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填referred。 2. 考查时态。句意：到了宋朝时期，这种艺术形式已经发展得相当成熟，能够讲述三国时期的故事，而此时的中国传统戏曲尚未兴起。根据上文By the Song Dynasty可知为过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had grown。 3. 考查冠词。句意：在明朝时期，皮影戏成为了最受欢迎的娱乐形式，尤其是在像北京这样的大城市里。最高级most popular前与定冠词the连用。故填the。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：即便在今天，其影响力仍能在现代电影制作中得以体现，影响着故事的讲述方式。此处shape与influence构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填shaping。 5. 考查名词的数。句意：制作皮影戏的木偶需要既选择合适的材料，又具备相应的技艺。根据后文skills可知为复数。故填materials。 6. 考查固定句型。句意：皮影戏的真正魅力不仅在于其制作过程，更在于其现场表演环节。在这一环节中，一群木偶操纵者、讲述者和乐手们相互协作，共同呈现精彩画面。句型not just…but…表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：皮影戏的真正魅力不仅在于其制作过程，更在于其现场表演环节。在这一环节中，一群木偶操纵者、讲述者和乐手们相互协作，共同呈现精彩画面。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词performance，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 8. 考查时态语态。句意：在表演过程中，当光线照射到人物形象上时，清晰的阴影就会投射到屏幕上。主语shadows与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文as light shines on the human figures可知为一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are projected。 9. 考查介词。句意：而在另一侧，观众会看到屏幕上的形象在阴影中活灵活现地显现出来，它们的动作如此富有表现力，以至于人们会忘记自己只是在观看阴影而已。短语on the opposite side表示“在另一侧”。首字母大写。故填On。 10. 考查形容词。句意：而在另一侧，观众会看到屏幕上的形象在阴影中活灵活现地显现出来，它们的动作如此富有表现力，以至于人们会忘记自己只是在观看阴影而已。作表语，用形容词expressive。故填expressive。 Passage 3 （2025·浙江·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last week, the Taklimakan Desert. known as the “Sea of Death,” was completely encircled with a sand-blocking green belt of vegetation (植被) 1 (stretch) 1,046 km. This project is closely watched and viewed by the international community 2 a green “Great Wall” that helps tackle desertification, greatly contributes to higher global forest coverage, and 3 (respond) to the challenges of climate change. On Thursday morning, several desert-tolerant plant species, including desert poplar and red willow, 4 (plant) on sandy land in Yutian County on the southern edge of the desert, marking the completion of the final stretch of the green belt. The Taklimakan, 5 circumference (圆周) measures 3,046 km, covers 337,600 km2, making 6 the largest desert in China and the second-largest shifting desert in the world. It has taken more than 40 years to 7 (full) enclose the desert with a green belt. By the end of 2023, the project was nearly completed, leaving only the final, most challenging section, approximately 285 km in 8 (long), which faces the most severe wind and sand threats. Since 2024, Xinjiang 9 (take) targeted and scientific measures to close this gap. Alongside the green belt, efforts have been made 10 (promote) the development of sand industries to benefit local residents. 【答案】 1. stretching 2. as 3. responds 4. were planted 5. whose 6. it 7. fully 8. length 9. has taken 10. to promote 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了塔克拉玛干沙漠周边完成植树造林防沙绿化带建设情况。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：上周，被称为“死亡之海”的塔克拉玛干沙漠被一条长1046公里的防沙绿化带完全包围。此处为with的复合结构，stretch“延伸”与green belt of vegetation构成主动关系，故用现在分词，作宾补。故填stretching。 2. 考查介词。句意：该项目受到国际社会的密切关注，被视为一条绿色“长城”，有助于解决荒漠化问题，大大提高了全球森林覆盖率，并应对气候变化的挑战。短语be viewed as表示“被视为”。故填as。 3. 考查时态。句意同上。that引导的定语从句中，本空与helps和contributes并列作谓语，时态用一般现在时，主语为This project，谓语用respond“作出反应”的第三人称单数形式。故填responds。 4. 考查动词语态。句意：周四上午，在沙漠南缘的于田县沙地上种植了包括胡杨和红柳在内的几种耐旱植物，标志着绿化带最后一段的完工。根据On Thursday morning可知，本句描述过去的动作，时态为一般过去时，主语several desert-tolerant plant species与plant“种植”为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were planted。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：塔克拉玛干沙漠周长3046公里，面积337600平方公里，是中国最大的沙漠，也是世界第二大流动沙漠。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Taklimakan，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose。故填whose。 6. 考查代词。句意同上。此处指代The Taklimakan，在句中作宾语，应用代词it。故填it。 7. 考查副词。句意：用绿化带完全包围沙漠花了40多年的时间。修饰动词enclose，应用副词fully“完全地”，作状语。故填fully。 8. 考查名词。句意：截至2023年底，该项目已接近完成，只剩下最后一段最具挑战性的路段，长约285公里，面临着最严重的风沙威胁。此处作介词in的宾语，应用名词length“长度”。故填length。 9. 考查时态。句意：自2024年以来，新疆已采取有针对性的科学措施来填补这一空白。take measures“采取措施”。根据上文Since 2024，take这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语Xinjiang是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has taken。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了绿化带，还努力促进沙产业的发展，以造福当地居民。本句谓语为have been made，此处为非谓语动词，作目的状语，应用promote“促进”的不定式。故填to promote。 Passage 4 （2025·江西新余·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Longjing Shrimp In China, Longjing tea is made with leaves 1 (fresh) picked before Qingming. It’s a luxury for tea 2 (love). Cooked with river shrimps, it is 3 essential ingredient of the Hangzhou well-known dish Longjing Shrimp (龙井虾仁). Longjing tea originates in the West Lake in Hangzhou and is famous for its jade-green color, fragrance (香味), delicious flavor, and delicate shape: It is said that the tea gained its reputation during the Tang and Song dynasties, and its production techniques 4 (improve) over the generations. Longjing Shrimp 5 (be) closely connected to Qing Emperor Qianlong. On his trip to-the south, he dressed as a civilian and traveled around the West Lake. 6 (Stop) at a Longjing Village farmhouse, he was offered a cup of tea made from fresh tea leaves. It was so 7 (taste) that he asked a handful of tea leaves as he left and hid them in his disguised imperial gown (御袍). Later, while eating at a restaurant, he asked the waiter to make the tea. Catching a glimpse of his imperial gown, the waiter rushed to tell the owner, 8 was cooking shrimps. Shocked, the owner mistook the tea leaves for pieces of green onion and put them into the pan. The pink shrimps dotted 9 green tea leaves produced attractive fragrance that immediately caught the Emperor’s heart. Soon, chefs at the famous restaurant in Hangzhou were making bold steps, innovating cooking techniques 10 (make) the dish a specialty. 【答案】 1. freshly 2. lovers 3. an 4. were improved/ have been improved 5. is 6. Stopping 7. tasty 8. who 9. with 10. to make 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了龙井虾仁的历史典故。龙井虾仁色如翡翠如玉，透出诱人的清香，食之极为鲜嫩，在杭菜中堪称一绝，成为杭州最著名的传统名菜。 1. 考查副词。句意：在中国，龙井茶是用清明节前​新鲜采摘​的茶叶制成的。此空修饰动词pick，因此用其副词形式作状语。故填freshly。 2. 考查名词。句意：对爱茶之人而言，这是一种奢侈品。介词for后面应该用名词形式，根据句意，指不止一个，用复数lovers，爱好者。故填lovers。 3. 考查冠词。句意：将龙井茶与河虾一起烹制，它便成了杭州名菜​​龙井虾仁​​的​​一道必备食材​​。ingredient是可数名词单数，而且essential是元音因素开头，因此用不定冠词an。故填an。 4. 考查时态和语态。句意：相传这种茶在唐宋时期就已声名远扬，其制作工艺也​历经代代改良​。根据时间状语“over the generations”可知，用一般过去时或者现在完成时，主语techniques和improve之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态，主语techniques是复数。故填were improved/ have been improved。 5. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：龙井虾仁与​乾隆皇帝​​有着密切关联。主要是Longjing Shrimp，是第三人称单数，此句是一般性表述，因此用一般现在时。故填is。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在一家龙井村农家歇脚，主人用新鲜茶叶为他沏了一杯茶。句子有谓语was offered，stop用非谓语动词形式作状语，主语he和stop之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式。故填Stopping。 7. 考查形容词。句意：茶味如此​​鲜美​​，临走时他抓了一把茶叶藏进自己的​伪装的御袍​​中。系动词was后面应该用形容词形式作表语。故填tasty。 8. 考查关系代词。句意：店员瞥见御袍后急忙告知店主，店主当时正在​​炒虾​​。店主当时正在​炒虾​。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the owner，关系代词who引导定语从句并且在在定语从句中作主语。故填who。 9. 考查介词。句意：粉嫩的虾仁与​翠绿茶叶​翻炒时散发出诱人香气，瞬间俘获了皇帝的心。dotted with“点缀着”，是固定搭配。故填with。 10. 考查不定式。句意：不久后，杭州名店的厨师们大胆创新烹饪技法，目的是​将这道菜打造成经典。此空不定式作状语表示目的。故填to make。 Passage 5 （2025·广东广州·三模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On behalf of his hometown team from the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, Rozimemet Turghun, an 18-year-old teenager whose parents made a living from herding, 1 (stand) among more than 4,000 competitors at the second Vocational Skills Competition. Although he didn’t win a medal in the mobile robotics competition, his 2 (enthusiastic) never faded. When he was in hometown, he developed a preference for repairing household electronics. Even 3 instructions, he was able to repair electronic stuff like lamps and radios. After 4 (leave) senior high school, he studied at Aksu Technical College. The chance came last year, 5 Zhao Pengfei, vice-dean of the electrical and mechanical engineering department, started organizing a team for a skills competition. Rozimemet Turghun’s 6 (impress) abilities caught Zhao’s eye. He 7 (choose) to join the team, and focused on technologies 8 (relate) to industrial robot applications. The competition was 9 (obvious) a challenge for someone with little experience with computers. Rozimemet Turghun acquired the skills, memorized the position of each part and practiced each step, day and night. One month later, he and his teammate won a bronze during the Xinjiang tryout for the second Vocational Skills Competition. They surprised everyone by completing a mobile robot in just 2 hours and 12 minutes, 10 achievement that would have been beyond his wildest dreams. He hoped to sharpen his skills and step onto even broader stages. 【答案】 1. stood 2. enthusiasm 3. without 4. leaving 5. when 6. impressive 7. was chosen 8. related 9. obviously 10. an 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了来自新疆的18岁青年Rozimemet Turghun凭借对电子维修的热爱，加入职业技能竞赛团队，经过刻苦训练在比赛中斩获铜牌，展现了职业技能教育带来的成长与机遇。 1. 考查动词时态。句意：代表新疆维吾尔自治区家乡队参赛的Rozimemet Turghun——这位父母以放牧为生的18岁少年，站在了第二届职业技能大赛4000余名选手的行列中。空处为谓语动词，描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填stood。 2. 考查名词。句意：尽管他在移动机器人竞赛中没有获奖，但他的热情从未减退。his后需接名词作主语，enthusiastic的名词形式为enthusiasm，不可数。故填enthusiasm。 3. 考查介词。句意：即使没有指导，他也能修理灯具、收音机等电子设备。空处与后文he was able to repair electronic stuff like lamps and radios构成转折关系，此处表示“没有指导”，需用介词without。故填without。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：高中毕业后，他进入阿克苏职业技术学院学习。介词after后接动名词作宾语。故填leaving。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：机会出现在去年，当时机电工程系副主任赵鹏飞开始组织一支参加技能竞赛的队伍。空处引导定语从句，先行词为last year，在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 6. 考查形容词。句意：Rozimemet Turghun令人印象深刻的能力引起了赵鹏飞的注意。空处修饰名词abilities需用形容词，impress的形容词形式为impressive。故填impressive。 7. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：他被选中加入团队，并专注于与工业机器人应用相关的技术。主语He与choose之间为被动关系，且动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。故填was chosen。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。be related to为固定短语，意为“与……相关”，空处需用形容词化的过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词technologies。故填related。 9. 考查副词。句意：对于几乎没有计算机经验的人来说，这次比赛显然是一个挑战。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词作状语，obvious的副词形式为obviously。故填obviously。 10. 考查冠词。句意：他们仅用2小时12分钟就完成一个移动机器人组装，这一项成就完全超出他最狂野的想象，震惊了在场所有人。achievement为可数名词，此处泛指“一项成就”，且以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an。故填an。 18 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$