专题04.名词性从句-【初升高】2025年新高一英语暑期衔接讲义（通用版）

名词性从句 分类： 名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和补语从句。在高中阶段，我们将着重学习前四种。本章从主语从句开始讲解，以它的各种连接词为学习主线，之后讲述表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。宾语从句中，宾语从句与陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句的转换是重点。 典型例句：1.It is certain that he will come.他一定会来。（主语从句） 2.My idea is that we’ll all go expect Lily.我的想法是除了莉莉之外我们大家都去。 （表语从句） 3.He asked me whether/if she lived here.他问我她是否住在这儿。（宾语从句） 4.I’ve no idea where he has gone.我不知道他到哪里去了。（同位语从句） ( 高中主语从句解析 ) 在主从复合句中，作主语的是一个从句，这个从句就称为主语从句。主句从句可以由连词、连接代词或连接副词引导，且不能省略。另外，主句的动词大多用be动词或其他系动词。 常用来引导主语从句的词 连词 that，whether 连接代词 what，whatever，who，whoever等 连接副词 when，where，how，why等 一.由连词引导的主语从句 连词that，whether引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，不能省略。由它们引导的主语从句，多用it作形式主语。 ①That she was beautiful was plain to everyone.大家都能看出她很漂亮。 主语从句 ②It was plain to everyone that she was beautiful. 形式主语 真正主语（主语从句） 说明：①中that是连词，引导主语从句she was beautiful。that在主句从句中不作任何成分，也没有词义，that不能省略。由that引导的主语从句可改写为由it作形式主语的句子②。 ①Whether he’ll come (or not) hasn’t been decided.他是否会来，还没定下来。 主语从句 谓语 ②It hasn’t been decided whether he’ll come or not. 形式主语 真正主语（主语从句） ③（误）It hasn’t been decided if he’ll come. （误）If he’ll come hasn’t been decided. 说明：①中whether引导主语从句，whether在从句中不作任何成分，但有含义，意为“是否”，whether不能省略。此句中，因为主句的时态为现在时态，所以主语从句的时态不受主句的限制。由whether引导的主语从句常可改写为②，即一个由it作形式主语的句子。 whether引导主语从句时，不能用if代替，所以③中的两个句子都是错误的。 That women had not had the same opportunities as men in many fields is obvious. 主语从句 显然，过去在许多领域中，妇女没有和男人享有同样的机遇。 Whether she can get that job is still unclear.她是否能得到那份工作尚不清楚。 主语从句 That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact. （从句）现在进行时的被动语态 （主句）一般现在时 =It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 形式主语 真正主语（主语从句） 英语正在作为一种国际语言被接受，这是一个事实。 It is my fault that this has happened.发生这事得怪我。 形式主语 真正主语（主语从句） 二.由连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句 连接代词who，which和what，连接副词when，where，how和why以及复合连接代词whatever，whoever等，复合连接副词whenever，wherever等都可引导主语从句，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语和状语，不能省略。注意，翻译时，不能把它们译为疑问句。 Who will take charge of the task has not been decided. 重要：who是连接代词，引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，不能省略。翻译时不能把它译为疑问句。 =It has not been decided who will take charge of the task.谁来负责这项任务还没有决定。 Which (answer) is right isn’t known to us. =It isn’t known to us which (answer) is right.哪一个答案是对的我们还不知道。 When we’ll start is not clear.=It is not clear when we’ll start.我们何时出发还不清楚。 Where we’ll spend our holiday hasn’t been decided.我们要去哪里度假还没决定。 How a book will sell depends much on the reviewer.一本书的销售在很大程度上取决于书评作者。（重要：how是连接副词，在主语从句中作状语，不能省略。） Why he went to London is a mystery.=It is mysterious why he went to London.他为什么去伦敦是个谜。 比较：由连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句和疑问句不同，主语从句的语序是正常语序（陈述语序）。 疑问句：Why（疑问副词）didn’t he come here?他为什么不来这儿？ 主语从句：Why（连接副词）he didn’t come here is not known to us.我们不知道为什么他没来这儿。 what引导的主语从句有时相当于“先行词+that引导的定语从句”，表示一样东西或一件事情。who，whom，which，what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起强调作用。由它们引导的主语从句不能用形式主语it替代，它们在句子中作成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序。 What he said（主语从句）was perfectly true. what=the thing that，在从句中作宾语，不能省略，为陈述语序，不能用疑问句语序“What did he say?”。 =The thing that he said was perfectly true.（the thing+that引导的定语从句）他讲的都是事实。 Whoever leaves the office should tell me. whoever在从句中作主语，不能省略。 =Anyone who leaves the office should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。 Whichever you want is yours.你要哪一个，哪一个就是你的。 whichever在从句中作宾语，不能省略，注意语序。 Whatever I have is yours.我所有的一切都是你的。 whatever在从句中作宾语，不能省略，注意语序。 初中试题 1. ______ she bought so many dictionaries is not clear. = It is not clear _____ she bought so many dictionaries.不清楚她为什么买这么多字典。 2. ________ he was admitted into Beijing University made his teachers and parents happy. 他考上了北大，这让他的老师和父母很高兴。 3. It’s a pity________ you can’t attend my birthday party.很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。 4. _________ we will build a new high school hasn’t been decided. 我们是否要建新高中还没决定呢。 5. __________ breaks the law should be punished.不管谁违法都应该受到惩罚。 高中试题 1. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 2.It is possible caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too. 3.Growing up in Harbin in northern China, Li remembers White Rabbit as being closely linked with festivities in China, but inspires Li most is the brand’s evolving business philosophy. 4. started as a way to rid this fishing village of bad luck has become a cultural treasure. 5. is so breathtaking about sugar painting is its production process. 6. excites the organizing committee is that The Peony Pavilion has attracted a growing young audience since its first performance in Beijing. ( 高中表语从句解析 ) 在主从复合句中，作表语的是一个从句，这个从句就称为表语从句。表语从句可以由连词、连接代词和连接副词引导，并且不能省略。 常用来引导表语从句的词 连词 that，weather 连接代词 what，whatever，who，whoever，which，whichever等 连接副词 when，where，how，why等 My opinion is that the villager really didn’t understand the policeman. 我认为那位村民确实没有理解警察的意思。 that在表语从句中不作成分，没有词义，不可省略，但在口语中有时可省略。 That’s what we should do.这是我们的本分。 what在表语从句中作宾语，不能省略，从句中的语序为陈述语序。 The question is how the tiger got out of the cage.问题是老虎是怎么从笼子里出去的。 how在表语从句中作状语，不能省略，从句中的语序为陈述语序。 That is why they decided to hold a meeting.这就是他们为什么决定要开会的原因。 This is where I met Mary for the first time.这就是我第一次遇见玛丽的地方。 初中试题 1.The traditional view is___________we sleep because our brain is “programmed”to make us do so. A.when B. why C. whether D. that 2.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _________ I disagree. A.why B. where C. what D. how 3.— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. — Is that ________ you had a few days off? A.why B. when C. what D. where 4. — Are you still thinking about yesterday' s game? — Oh, that ' s . A. what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited 高中试题 1.This is they need an English trainer. 2.This is the name of the festival comes from. 3.The fresh thin air, snow-covered mountains and graceful animals running on the plains are we’re here-to observe Tibetan antelopes, which are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur. ( 高中宾语从句解析 ) 在主从复合句中，作宾语的是一个从句，这个从句就称为宾语从句。宾语从句与主语从句和表语从句一样，使用连词、连接代词和连接副词等引导。 常用来引导宾语从句的词 连词 that，whether 连接代词 what，whatever，who，whoever，which，whichever等 连接副词 when，where，how，why等 一.宾语从句的种类 宾语从句在句子中可以用作动词的宾语或介词的宾语。 1.动词宾语从句 I was told (that) I had to cut out alcohol.我被告知必须戒酒。 I don’t know whether/if the banks are open.我不知道银行是否营业。 Joe wanted to know who bought him the gift.乔想弄清楚是谁给他买的这个礼物。 Mary asked where she could find the biggest park in the city.玛丽问这座城市最大的公园在哪儿。 2.介词宾语从句 A.that只在expect，in和but等少数介词后引导从句作介词的宾语。 We know nothing expect that Joe is from America.除了知道乔是来自美国之外，我们什么都不知道。 He differed from other people in that he always looked further ahead in his work.他和别人不同的是他在工作中比别人都看得远些。 I could say nothing but that I was sorry.我非常抱歉。（我除了说抱歉之外，没什么可说的。） B.由连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作介词的宾语。 My teacher was satisfied with what I did.我的老师对我所做的一切感到满意。 What we should take with us depend on where we’ll stay.我们需要随身带什么东西，取决于我们将在什么地方停留。 C.不及物动词后跟介词宾语从句。 某些不及物动词后边如果跟宾语从句，常省去介词。 I don’t care whether he is the headmaster or not.（省略介词）我不在乎他是不是校长。 重要：如果不及物动词后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式等作宾语，则介词不能省略。 I don’t care about him.我不在乎他。 I insist that you should learn a second language.（省略介词） =I insist on your learning a second language.（不能省略介词）我坚持让你学第二语言。 D.某些形容词后跟介词宾语从句。 在表示知觉、感情等的形容词如sure，afraid，glad，certain等之后，如果跟宾语从句，则省去介词。 I’m afraid that I’ll be late.（省略介词）恐怕我要迟到了。 重要：如果形容词后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式等作宾语，则不能省略介词。 I’m afraid of being late.我害怕迟到。 I’m sure that we’ll win the match.（省略介词）我确信我们会赢得这场比赛。 I am sure that he’ll win.（省略介词）=I am sure of his winning.（不能省略介词）我肯定他会赢。 He is glad that you passed the exam.（省略介词）=He is glad of your passing the exam.（不能省略介词） 他为你能通过考试而高兴。 二.宾语从句的转换 1.陈述句与宾语从句的转换 陈述句转换成宾语从句的步骤： 步骤①：用连词that引导宾语从句。（that在从句中不担当成分，本身没有词义，可以省略） 步骤②：从句语序不变，仍是陈述语序。 步骤③：从句时态与主句时态保持一致。 步骤④：可用it代替that引导的宾语从句作形式宾语。 陈述句：He is listening to music in the room.他正在屋子里听音乐。 宾语从句：Joe said that he was listening to music in the room.乔说他正在屋子里听音乐。 说明：主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态为过去进行时。 陈述句：Mary always studies hare.玛丽总是努力学习。 宾语从句：All of us know that Mary always studies hard.我们所有的人都知道玛丽总是努力学习。 说明：主句如果是一般现在时，从句的时态不变。 We think it quite right that all the people ought to obey the laws. 形式宾语 真正的宾语 所有人都应遵守法律，我们认为这是非常正确的。 They took it for granted that the Greens had gone to Australia.他们想当然地认为格林夫妇去澳大利亚了。 He made it clear to all the people that he objected to the plan.他让所有人都明白，他反对这项计划。 I think it necessary that he does it again.我想他有必要再做一次。 2.一般疑问句与宾语从句的转换 一般疑问句转换成宾语从句的步骤： 步骤①：用whether或if引导宾语从句。（它们在从句中不作任何成分，当“是否”讲，不可省略） 步骤②：从句语序要变为陈述语序。 步骤③：从句时态要与主句时态保持一致。 一般疑问句：Does she work in the office?她在这个办公室工作吗？ 宾语从句：He asked me whether/if she worked in the office. 说明：主句的时态是过去式asked，宾语从句的时态也要改为过去时。 =He asked me whether/if she worked in this office or not.他问我她是否在这个办公室工作。 一般疑问句：Will the movie star come?这个影星会来吗？ 宾语从句：I don’t know whether/if the movie star will come. 说明：主句时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不变。 =I don’t know whether/if the movie star will come or not.我不知道这位影星是否会来。 一般疑问句：Did he study English 20 years ago?他20年前学英语吗？ 宾语从句：My mother asked him whether he had studied English 20 years before.我母亲问他，他20年前是否学英语。 说明：主句时态是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态由一般过去时变为过去完成时。 3.特殊疑问句与宾语从句的转换 特殊疑问句转换成宾语从句的步骤： 步骤①：保留原来的疑问词（这些疑问词形式不变，但它们的语法功能变了，换作连接代词或连接副词，它们在宾语从句中作成分，不可以省略）。 步骤②：从句语序要变为陈述语序。 步骤③：从句时态要与主句时态保持一致。 特殊疑问句：What does Joe do?乔是做什么的？ 宾语从句：I wonder what Joe does.我想知道乔是做什么的。 说明：what由原来特殊疑问句中的疑问代词变为连接代词，它把主句和宾语从句连接起来，同时，他在宾语从句中作动词does的宾语，不能省略。语序要变为陈述语序。因为主句的时态是一般现在时，所以从句的时态保持不变。 特殊疑问句：Why did he come home so late yesterday?他昨天为什么回家那么晚？ 宾语从句：She asked me why he had come home so late the day before.她问我，他前一天为什么回家那么晚。 说明：why由特殊疑问句中的疑问副词变为连接副词，它引导了宾语从句，同时在宾语从句中作状语，不能省略。语序要变为陈述语序。因为主句的时态是一般过去时态，所以从句的时态也由一般过去时变为过去完成时。 特殊疑问句：When would Mr.Green be allowed to go home?格林先生什么时候被允许回家？ 宾语从句：Joe asked when Mr.Green would be allowed to go home.乔问什么时候可以允许格林先生回家。 特殊疑问句：What can they do to help us?他们能做什么来帮助我们？ 宾语从句：We want to know what they can do to help us.我们想知道他们能做些什么来帮助我们。 特殊疑问句：How did he come?他怎么来的？ 宾语从句：Do you remember how he came?你还记得他怎么来的吗？ 三.使用宾语从句需注意的事项 1.宾语从句的时态 宾语从句和其他名词性从句不同，时态会受到主句的限制，尤其是主句为一般过去时时。 A.当主句是现在时态时 当主句是现在时态（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时）时，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定（可以是任意时态）。 Joe says he has read the book that day.乔说他那天看了这本书了。 Mary says Susan went to Shanghai the day before.玛丽说苏珊前一天去了上海。 B.当主句是过去时态时 当主句是过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时）时，宾语从句的时态要变为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时）。 I believed what she told me.我相信她和我说的话。 Mr.White told me that he had gone there by train.怀特先生告诉我他是坐火车去那儿的。 2.主句是I don’t think...的宾语从句 主句是I don’t think...的主从复合句的意思是“我认为……不……”。它在英语中已成为固定句型，即否定的形式在主句，而否定的信息焦点却在从句。 类似的句型还有：I don’t imagine...，I don’t believe...，I don’t suppose...等。 I don’t think you are right.我认为你不对。 重要：主句的主语必须是第一人称I或we时，才能用这样的句型（否定形式在主句，而否定的信息焦点却在从句）。 I don’t think he’ll go,will he?我认为他不会走，不是吗？ I don’t think you can do that,can you?我认为你不会干那件事，不是吗？ I don’t think he is lazy,is he?我认为他不懒，不是吗？ 注意：注意该固定句型中反意疑问句的用法。 3.连词that的省略 that引导宾语从句时可以省略，但在连接词and或but所连接的两个作宾语的that从句中，第一个宾语从句中的that可以省略，第二个不能省略。 He said (that) he has worked for nearly ten years and that he wanted to go home. 他说他已在这儿工作近10年了，并说他想回家了。 The little girl told me (that) she didn’t like toy trains,and that she liked barbie dolls very much. 这个小女孩告诉我，她不喜欢玩具火车，并且告诉我她非常喜欢芭比娃娃。 4.当主句谓语为doubt和be not sure时 句型：I doubt whether/if...（我怀疑……是否……） I don’t doubt that...（我毫不怀疑……） I doubt whether he can swim.我怀疑他是否会游泳。 I don’t doubt that he can swim.我毫不怀疑他会游泳。 Do you doubt that he can swim?你怀疑他会游泳吗？ 说明：当谓语含有询问或怀疑之意，如doubt（怀疑），not sure（不确定）时，应用whether/if引导的宾语从句。而do not doubt/believe和疑问句中的doubt，则用that引导宾语从句。 句型：I’m not sure+whether/if...（我不确定……是否……） I’m sure+that...（我相信……） I’m not sure whether/if the news is true.我不能肯定这消息是否确切。 I’m not sure whether/if he can swim.我不确定他是否会游泳。 I’m sure that he can do it well.我相信他会把这件事做好的。 初中试题 1．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Miss Song, I haven’t decided _______. —I really hope you will visit it. It’s a good chance to learn about the history of our city. A．how will I go to Suqian Museum B．how I will go to Suqian Museum C．whether will I go to Suqian Museum D．whether I will go to Suqian Museum 2．（2024·北京·中考真题）—Tim, do you know ________ the art festival? — Sure! Next Friday. A． when did we hold B．when we held C．when will we hold D．when we will hold 3．（2024·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Do you know ________? —Of course! In Paris, France. A．when the 33rd Olympic Games will be held B．where will the 33rd Olympic Games be held C．where the 33rd Olympic Games will be held 4．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）—Could you tell me ______? —Sorry, I’ve never had a home robot before. Why not read the instructions first? A．where can I buy a home robot B．where I can buy a home robot C．how can I turn the home robot on D．how I can turn the home robot on 5．（2024·湖北武汉·中考真题）The saying “Knowledge starts with practice” tells us ________. A．what is knowledge B．how we can get knowledge C．why is practice powerful D．when we should start practicing 高中试题 1. It’s easy to explain how we determine smells are dangerous or not: we learn. 2.Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak she could do so remotely. 3.The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about she lived． 4.Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them you can join in when it's possible. 5.Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 6.What students do at college seems to matter much more than they go. ( 高中同位语从句解析 ) 在主从复合句中，作同位语的是一个从句，则这个句子就称为同位语从句。同位语从句由连词that和whether、关系代词who和what或关系副词why和how等引导。连词that在同位语从句中不担任任何成分，也没有词义，但是不能省略。从意思上来讲，同位语从句所表达的意思，就是与之同位的名词所表达的意思。 与从句同位的名词通常是表示事实等的抽象名词 answer回答 belief信念 doubt怀疑 fact事实 hope希望 idea想法 news消息 order命令 question问题 reply回答 thought想法 rumour谣言 注意：具体名词，如pen，book等之后不能跟同位语从句。 The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good.昨天我们邀请了他，这个主意真是太好了。 The question whether we’ll go to see the film next Monday hasn’t been settled. 说明：whether引导同位语从句，有词义，不作成分，不能省略，也不能用if来代替。 下周一我们是否去看那部电影还未决定。 His question why the sky is blue is difficult to answer.他问为什么天是蓝的，这令人很难回答。 The rumour that there’ll be an earthquake soon spread all over the area.（同位语从句） 说明：that引导的从句是抽象名词rumour的同位语从句，that无词义，不作成分，也不能省略。 将要发生地震的谣言很快就在这一地区传开了。 The rumour is that there’ll be an earthquake.（表语从句）谣言是将要发生地震了。 比较：试比较下面两个句子的正误。 （正）The idea (that) he told me yesterday is good.（定语从句） （误）The idea is that he told me yesterday.昨天他告诉我的那个主意太好了。 ( 综合训练 ) 一．单句语法填空 1. __________ adds to the amazement may be the occasional sight of golden snub-nosed monkeys and constant sounds of birds singing. 2.No one knows __________ the animals have walked so far away from their original habitat. 3.People always say that fishing in shallow water in autumn makes sense. That’s __________ temperatures decrease quickly and sunshine doesn’t reach deep water thoroughly. 4.This skill is __________ supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. It is also what makes contemporary surveillance (监控) systems so scary. 5.According to __________ was released by China’s State Council in August last year, the country aims to establish at least one university for elderly people in every county-level region by 2025. 6.These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, were carved on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into __________ ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity. 7.In fact, everyone can realize his dream. Keep telling yourself __________ you want. 8.Visitors go to the Getty thinking they are visiting a museum with works of art on the inside. __________ they discover instead is a work of art with a museum inside. 9.__________ fascinates westerners is the Chinese bamboo culture and its long history. 10.It increases confidence and independence, offers you a chance to learn new crafts, and gives you time to reflect on __________ university is right for you. 11.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence __________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 12.Inside the boat is a statue of a baby. The baby stands for humans and the boat is  __________ supports life. 13.Some teens consider high school to be terrible, taking up their time and loading them with many endless responsibilities; however, for teens who can see the bigger picture, they can appreciate __________ high school is so important and how to make the most of it. 14.As a matter of fact, __________ the media doesn’t show the world are other automobile accidents; research over the past several years has shown that flying is the safest method of transportation. 15.People always say that fishing in shallow water in autumn makes sense. That’s __________ temperatures decrease quickly and sunshine doesn’t reach deep water thoroughly. 16.There are many ways you can experience tea culture in China. You can visit a tea plantation in Hangzhou or elsewhere to learn __________ tea is grown and harvested. 17.Discoveries made during the latest excavation of Pit No.1 at the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, have allowed Chinese archaeologists to gain more insight into __________ the world-famous Terracotta Warriors and their weapons were made. 18.That changed on Jan. 2, 2019, when Chinese spacecraft Chang’e 4 made a soft landing on __________ is often referred to as the dark side. 19.Beijing Opera combines singing, reading, acting, fighting, and dancing together, using acting methods to present characters and tell stories. That is __________ it is a comprehensive (综合的) art. 20.Of all the powerful works of Wang Xizhi, __________ is best known to us is Lantingji Xu. 21.The museum’s founder, Dr. Samuel West, explained __________ encouraged him to create the project. 22.Craton thinks that she has more things to learn than before, which is __________ she has already enrolled in a master’s degree program and is doing daily assignments once again. 23.Song Xiaoning, mother of a first grader in Beijing, said she looks forward to __________ her daughter will learn at the new once-a-week labor course. 24.A warm thought suddenly came to me __________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. 25.—Have you finished the book? —No. I’ve read up to __________ the children discover the secret cave. 26.The question is __________ we will have our sports meet next week. 27.—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s __________ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life. 28.Therefore, to protect wildlife and humans alike, it is vital __________ a wide range of research and institutions should consider the role of a changing climate in shaping the complex dynamics of conflict. 29.It is a common knowledge __________ practice makes perfect. 30.__________ inspires us is that pioneers have been dedicated to improving our life. 31.Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea __________ the party is to be held? 32.Home is __________ you can find love and care. 33.As a leader who in his youth toiled (辛苦工作) as a farmer on the almost barren (贫瘠的) Loess Plateau for seven years, Xi knows better than many __________ forests mean to a nation. 34.This is __________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 35.Please do __________ your parents ask you to do. Otherwise, you’ll get into trouble. 36.Don’t be sad. The most important thing is __________ we must learn from our mistakes and move on. 37.When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know __________ lane he is entering. 38.She asked me __________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t. 39.I’ll be well prepared for university or __________ else comes in the future. 40. __________ nearly all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption that has been put forward by social scientists. 二．语篇填空 It was reported 1 there was an accident at a corner of the Roman Street. No one witnessed 2 it happened and no one saw what on earth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured. 3 will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police were uncertain about   4 the driver was guilty.  5 the police should do now is  6 they must find out what led to the accident. They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7 the accident happened is not clear. Perhaps the reason was  8 the driver was too tired to stop the car in time. But the driver didn’t admit the fact  9  he was over-speed driving at the turning. The police doubted 10 what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 名词性从句 分类： 名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和补语从句。在高中阶段，我们将着重学习前四种。本章从主语从句开始讲解，以它的各种连接词为学习主线，之后讲述表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。宾语从句中，宾语从句与陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句的转换是重点。 典型例句：1.It is certain that he will come.他一定会来。（主语从句） 2.My idea is that we’ll all go expect Lily.我的想法是除了莉莉之外我们大家都去。 （表语从句） 3.He asked me whether/if she lived here.他问我她是否住在这儿。（宾语从句） 4.I’ve no idea where he has gone.我不知道他到哪里去了。（同位语从句） ( 高中主语从句解析 ) 在主从复合句中，作主语的是一个从句，这个从句就称为主语从句。主句从句可以由连词、连接代词或连接副词引导，且不能省略。另外，主句的动词大多用be动词或其他系动词。 常用来引导主语从句的词 连词 that，whether 连接代词 what，whatever，who，whoever等 连接副词 when，where，how，why等 一.由连词引导的主语从句 连词that，whether引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，不能省略。由它们引导的主语从句，多用it作形式主语。 ①That she was beautiful was plain to everyone.大家都能看出她很漂亮。 主语从句 ②It was plain to everyone that she was beautiful. 形式主语 真正主语（主语从句） 说明：①中that是连词，引导主语从句she was beautiful。that在主句从句中不作任何成分，也没有词义，that不能省略。由that引导的主语从句可改写为由it作形式主语的句子②。 ①Whether he’ll come (or not) hasn’t been decided.他是否会来，还没定下来。 主语从句 谓语 ②It hasn’t been decided whether he’ll come or not. 形式主语 真正主语（主语从句） ③（误）It hasn’t been decided if he’ll come. （误）If he’ll come hasn’t been decided. 说明：①中whether引导主语从句，whether在从句中不作任何成分，但有含义，意为“是否”，whether不能省略。此句中，因为主句的时态为现在时态，所以主语从句的时态不受主句的限制。由whether引导的主语从句常可改写为②，即一个由it作形式主语的句子。 whether引导主语从句时，不能用if代替，所以③中的两个句子都是错误的。 That women had not had the same opportunities as men in many fields is obvious. 主语从句 显然，过去在许多领域中，妇女没有和男人享有同样的机遇。 Whether she can get that job is still unclear.她是否能得到那份工作尚不清楚。 主语从句 That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact. （从句）现在进行时的被动语态 （主句）一般现在时 =It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 形式主语 真正主语（主语从句） 英语正在作为一种国际语言被接受，这是一个事实。 It is my fault that this has happened.发生这事得怪我。 形式主语 真正主语（主语从句） 二.由连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句 连接代词who，which和what，连接副词when，where，how和why以及复合连接代词whatever，whoever等，复合连接副词whenever，wherever等都可引导主语从句，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语和状语，不能省略。注意，翻译时，不能把它们译为疑问句。 Who will take charge of the task has not been decided. 重要：who是连接代词，引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，不能省略。翻译时不能把它译为疑问句。 =It has not been decided who will take charge of the task.谁来负责这项任务还没有决定。 Which (answer) is right isn’t known to us. =It isn’t known to us which (answer) is right.哪一个答案是对的我们还不知道。 When we’ll start is not clear.=It is not clear when we’ll start.我们何时出发还不清楚。 Where we’ll spend our holiday hasn’t been decided.我们要去哪里度假还没决定。 How a book will sell depends much on the reviewer.一本书的销售在很大程度上取决于书评作者。（重要：how是连接副词，在主语从句中作状语，不能省略。） Why he went to London is a mystery.=It is mysterious why he went to London.他为什么去伦敦是个谜。 比较：由连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句和疑问句不同，主语从句的语序是正常语序（陈述语序）。 疑问句：Why（疑问副词）didn’t he come here?他为什么不来这儿？ 主语从句：Why（连接副词）he didn’t come here is not known to us.我们不知道为什么他没来这儿。 what引导的主语从句有时相当于“先行词+that引导的定语从句”，表示一样东西或一件事情。who，whom，which，what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起强调作用。由它们引导的主语从句不能用形式主语it替代，它们在句子中作成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序。 What he said（主语从句）was perfectly true. what=the thing that，在从句中作宾语，不能省略，为陈述语序，不能用疑问句语序“What did he say?”。 =The thing that he said was perfectly true.（the thing+that引导的定语从句）他讲的都是事实。 Whoever leaves the office should tell me. whoever在从句中作主语，不能省略。 =Anyone who leaves the office should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。 Whichever you want is yours.你要哪一个，哪一个就是你的。 whichever在从句中作宾语，不能省略，注意语序。 Whatever I have is yours.我所有的一切都是你的。 whatever在从句中作宾语，不能省略，注意语序。 初中试题 1. ______ she bought so many dictionaries is not clear. = It is not clear _____ she bought so many dictionaries.不清楚她为什么买这么多字典。 2. ________ he was admitted into Beijing University made his teachers and parents happy. 他考上了北大，这让他的老师和父母很高兴。 3. It’s a pity________ you can’t attend my birthday party.很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。 4. _________ we will build a new high school hasn’t been decided. 我们是否要建新高中还没决定呢。 5. __________ breaks the law should be punished.不管谁违法都应该受到惩罚。 1. Why ;why 2. That 3. that 4. Whether 5. Whoever 高中试题 1. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 【答案】What 【解析】主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。 2.It is possible caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too. 【答案】that 【解析】主语从句。句中it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，意思完整，用that起引导作用，故填that。 3.Growing up in Harbin in northern China, Li remembers White Rabbit as being closely linked with festivities in China, but inspires Li most is the brand’s evolving business philosophy. 【答案】what 【解析】句意：李在中国北方的哈尔滨长大，在他的记忆中，大白兔与中国的节日密切相关，但最鼓舞他的是该品牌不断发展的经营理念。分析句子可知，此处为连接代词what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语成分，意为“一些事情”。故填what。 4. started as a way to rid this fishing village of bad luck has become a cultural treasure. 【答案】What 【解析】句意：一开始是为了摆脱这个渔村的厄运，现在已经成为一种文化财富。has become是谓语部分，前面是主语从句，从句里主语缺失，且指代件事，用连接代词，放在句首，首字母大写。故填What。 5. is so breathtaking about sugar painting is its production process. 【答案】What 【解析】句意：糖画的惊人之处在于它的制作过程。空处引导主语从句， 从句缺少主语，主语指物，应用连接代词what，首字母大写。故填What。 6. excites the organizing committee is that The Peony Pavilion has attracted a growing young audience since its first performance in Beijing. 【答案】What 【解析】句意：令组委会兴奋的是，《牡丹亭》自首次在北京演出以来，吸引了越来越多的年轻观众。此处引导主语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，指事情，应用what, 且首字母要大写。故填What。 ( 高中表语从句解析 ) 在主从复合句中，作表语的是一个从句，这个从句就称为表语从句。表语从句可以由连词、连接代词和连接副词引导，并且不能省略。 常用来引导表语从句的词 连词 that，weather 连接代词 what，whatever，who，whoever，which，whichever等 连接副词 when，where，how，why等 My opinion is that the villager really didn’t understand the policeman. 我认为那位村民确实没有理解警察的意思。 that在表语从句中不作成分，没有词义，不可省略，但在口语中有时可省略。 That’s what we should do.这是我们的本分。 what在表语从句中作宾语，不能省略，从句中的语序为陈述语序。 The question is how the tiger got out of the cage.问题是老虎是怎么从笼子里出去的。 how在表语从句中作状语，不能省略，从句中的语序为陈述语序。 That is why they decided to hold a meeting.这就是他们为什么决定要开会的原因。 This is where I met Mary for the first time.这就是我第一次遇见玛丽的地方。 初中试题 1.The traditional view is___________we sleep because our brain is “programmed”to make us do so. A.when B. why C. whether D. that 【答案】D 【解析】下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句， 如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从 句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此， 应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。 2.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _________ I disagree. A.why B. where C. what D. how 【答案】B 【解析】 下划线处的引导词引导系动词 is 后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语及物动词，(“I disagree本”身是完整的主谓结构 ），下划线应填入引导词 where， 表语从句 “ where I disagree的意” 思是 “我不同意之处、 我不同意的地方 ”。 3.— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. — Is that ________ you had a few days off? A.why B. when C. what D. where 【答案】A 【解析】 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词 is 连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语， 下划线应填 入表示 “因此 ⋯⋯”（指因某种原因所造成的结果 ）的引导词 why。 4. — Are you still thinking about yesterday' s game? — Oh, that ' s . A. what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited 【答案】A 【解析】A 选项的意思是 “令我感觉激动的事物 ”； B 选项的意思是 “我觉得激动的任何事物 思是“我对它感觉的方式 ”； D选项的意思是 “令我感觉激动的时间 ”。四个选项中 A 最适合跟代表 that 对应， 充当表语从句 高中试题 1.This is they need an English trainer. 【答案】why 【解析】表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。文体句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 2.This is the name of the festival comes from. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：这就是这个节日名称的来源。分析句子结构，这是一个包含表语从句的复合句，因空白处在表语从句中作状语表示地点，使用连接副词where连接表语从句，故填where。 3.The fresh thin air, snow-covered mountains and graceful animals running on the plains are we’re here-to observe Tibetan antelopes, which are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur. 【答案】why 【解析】句意：清新稀薄的空气，白雪覆盖的山脉和优雅的动物在平原上奔跑，这就是我们来到这里的原因——观察藏羚羊，它们被非法猎杀，以获取宝贵的皮毛。根据谓语动词“are”可知，空处引导表语从句，在句中作状语；根据句意，应用连接副词why，表示“我们为什么来到这里”。故填why。 ( 高中宾语从句解析 ) 在主从复合句中，作宾语的是一个从句，这个从句就称为宾语从句。宾语从句与主语从句和表语从句一样，使用连词、连接代词和连接副词等引导。 常用来引导宾语从句的词 连词 that，whether 连接代词 what，whatever，who，whoever，which，whichever等 连接副词 when，where，how，why等 一.宾语从句的种类 宾语从句在句子中可以用作动词的宾语或介词的宾语。 1.动词宾语从句 I was told (that) I had to cut out alcohol.我被告知必须戒酒。 I don’t know whether/if the banks are open.我不知道银行是否营业。 Joe wanted to know who bought him the gift.乔想弄清楚是谁给他买的这个礼物。 Mary asked where she could find the biggest park in the city.玛丽问这座城市最大的公园在哪儿。 2.介词宾语从句 A.that只在expect，in和but等少数介词后引导从句作介词的宾语。 We know nothing expect that Joe is from America.除了知道乔是来自美国之外，我们什么都不知道。 He differed from other people in that he always looked further ahead in his work.他和别人不同的是他在工作中比别人都看得远些。 I could say nothing but that I was sorry.我非常抱歉。（我除了说抱歉之外，没什么可说的。） B.由连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作介词的宾语。 My teacher was satisfied with what I did.我的老师对我所做的一切感到满意。 What we should take with us depend on where we’ll stay.我们需要随身带什么东西，取决于我们将在什么地方停留。 C.不及物动词后跟介词宾语从句。 某些不及物动词后边如果跟宾语从句，常省去介词。 I don’t care whether he is the headmaster or not.（省略介词）我不在乎他是不是校长。 重要：如果不及物动词后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式等作宾语，则介词不能省略。 I don’t care about him.我不在乎他。 I insist that you should learn a second language.（省略介词） =I insist on your learning a second language.（不能省略介词）我坚持让你学第二语言。 D.某些形容词后跟介词宾语从句。 在表示知觉、感情等的形容词如sure，afraid，glad，certain等之后，如果跟宾语从句，则省去介词。 I’m afraid that I’ll be late.（省略介词）恐怕我要迟到了。 重要：如果形容词后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式等作宾语，则不能省略介词。 I’m afraid of being late.我害怕迟到。 I’m sure that we’ll win the match.（省略介词）我确信我们会赢得这场比赛。 I am sure that he’ll win.（省略介词）=I am sure of his winning.（不能省略介词）我肯定他会赢。 He is glad that you passed the exam.（省略介词）=He is glad of your passing the exam.（不能省略介词） 他为你能通过考试而高兴。 二.宾语从句的转换 1.陈述句与宾语从句的转换 陈述句转换成宾语从句的步骤： 步骤①：用连词that引导宾语从句。（that在从句中不担当成分，本身没有词义，可以省略） 步骤②：从句语序不变，仍是陈述语序。 步骤③：从句时态与主句时态保持一致。 步骤④：可用it代替that引导的宾语从句作形式宾语。 陈述句：He is listening to music in the room.他正在屋子里听音乐。 宾语从句：Joe said that he was listening to music in the room.乔说他正在屋子里听音乐。 说明：主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态为过去进行时。 陈述句：Mary always studies hare.玛丽总是努力学习。 宾语从句：All of us know that Mary always studies hard.我们所有的人都知道玛丽总是努力学习。 说明：主句如果是一般现在时，从句的时态不变。 We think it quite right that all the people ought to obey the laws. 形式宾语 真正的宾语 所有人都应遵守法律，我们认为这是非常正确的。 They took it for granted that the Greens had gone to Australia.他们想当然地认为格林夫妇去澳大利亚了。 He made it clear to all the people that he objected to the plan.他让所有人都明白，他反对这项计划。 I think it necessary that he does it again.我想他有必要再做一次。 2.一般疑问句与宾语从句的转换 一般疑问句转换成宾语从句的步骤： 步骤①：用whether或if引导宾语从句。（它们在从句中不作任何成分，当“是否”讲，不可省略） 步骤②：从句语序要变为陈述语序。 步骤③：从句时态要与主句时态保持一致。 一般疑问句：Does she work in the office?她在这个办公室工作吗？ 宾语从句：He asked me whether/if she worked in the office. 说明：主句的时态是过去式asked，宾语从句的时态也要改为过去时。 =He asked me whether/if she worked in this office or not.他问我她是否在这个办公室工作。 一般疑问句：Will the movie star come?这个影星会来吗？ 宾语从句：I don’t know whether/if the movie star will come. 说明：主句时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不变。 =I don’t know whether/if the movie star will come or not.我不知道这位影星是否会来。 一般疑问句：Did he study English 20 years ago?他20年前学英语吗？ 宾语从句：My mother asked him whether he had studied English 20 years before.我母亲问他，他20年前是否学英语。 说明：主句时态是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态由一般过去时变为过去完成时。 3.特殊疑问句与宾语从句的转换 特殊疑问句转换成宾语从句的步骤： 步骤①：保留原来的疑问词（这些疑问词形式不变，但它们的语法功能变了，换作连接代词或连接副词，它们在宾语从句中作成分，不可以省略）。 步骤②：从句语序要变为陈述语序。 步骤③：从句时态要与主句时态保持一致。 特殊疑问句：What does Joe do?乔是做什么的？ 宾语从句：I wonder what Joe does.我想知道乔是做什么的。 说明：what由原来特殊疑问句中的疑问代词变为连接代词，它把主句和宾语从句连接起来，同时，他在宾语从句中作动词does的宾语，不能省略。语序要变为陈述语序。因为主句的时态是一般现在时，所以从句的时态保持不变。 特殊疑问句：Why did he come home so late yesterday?他昨天为什么回家那么晚？ 宾语从句：She asked me why he had come home so late the day before.她问我，他前一天为什么回家那么晚。 说明：why由特殊疑问句中的疑问副词变为连接副词，它引导了宾语从句，同时在宾语从句中作状语，不能省略。语序要变为陈述语序。因为主句的时态是一般过去时态，所以从句的时态也由一般过去时变为过去完成时。 特殊疑问句：When would Mr.Green be allowed to go home?格林先生什么时候被允许回家？ 宾语从句：Joe asked when Mr.Green would be allowed to go home.乔问什么时候可以允许格林先生回家。 特殊疑问句：What can they do to help us?他们能做什么来帮助我们？ 宾语从句：We want to know what they can do to help us.我们想知道他们能做些什么来帮助我们。 特殊疑问句：How did he come?他怎么来的？ 宾语从句：Do you remember how he came?你还记得他怎么来的吗？ 三.使用宾语从句需注意的事项 1.宾语从句的时态 宾语从句和其他名词性从句不同，时态会受到主句的限制，尤其是主句为一般过去时时。 A.当主句是现在时态时 当主句是现在时态（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时）时，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定（可以是任意时态）。 Joe says he has read the book that day.乔说他那天看了这本书了。 Mary says Susan went to Shanghai the day before.玛丽说苏珊前一天去了上海。 B.当主句是过去时态时 当主句是过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时）时，宾语从句的时态要变为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时）。 I believed what she told me.我相信她和我说的话。 Mr.White told me that he had gone there by train.怀特先生告诉我他是坐火车去那儿的。 2.主句是I don’t think...的宾语从句 主句是I don’t think...的主从复合句的意思是“我认为……不……”。它在英语中已成为固定句型，即否定的形式在主句，而否定的信息焦点却在从句。 类似的句型还有：I don’t imagine...，I don’t believe...，I don’t suppose...等。 I don’t think you are right.我认为你不对。 重要：主句的主语必须是第一人称I或we时，才能用这样的句型（否定形式在主句，而否定的信息焦点却在从句）。 I don’t think he’ll go,will he?我认为他不会走，不是吗？ I don’t think you can do that,can you?我认为你不会干那件事，不是吗？ I don’t think he is lazy,is he?我认为他不懒，不是吗？ 注意：注意该固定句型中反意疑问句的用法。 3.连词that的省略 that引导宾语从句时可以省略，但在连接词and或but所连接的两个作宾语的that从句中，第一个宾语从句中的that可以省略，第二个不能省略。 He said (that) he has worked for nearly ten years and that he wanted to go home. 他说他已在这儿工作近10年了，并说他想回家了。 The little girl told me (that) she didn’t like toy trains,and that she liked barbie dolls very much. 这个小女孩告诉我，她不喜欢玩具火车，并且告诉我她非常喜欢芭比娃娃。 4.当主句谓语为doubt和be not sure时 句型：I doubt whether/if...（我怀疑……是否……） I don’t doubt that...（我毫不怀疑……） I doubt whether he can swim.我怀疑他是否会游泳。 I don’t doubt that he can swim.我毫不怀疑他会游泳。 Do you doubt that he can swim?你怀疑他会游泳吗？ 说明：当谓语含有询问或怀疑之意，如doubt（怀疑），not sure（不确定）时，应用whether/if引导的宾语从句。而do not doubt/believe和疑问句中的doubt，则用that引导宾语从句。 句型：I’m not sure+whether/if...（我不确定……是否……） I’m sure+that...（我相信……） I’m not sure whether/if the news is true.我不能肯定这消息是否确切。 I’m not sure whether/if he can swim.我不确定他是否会游泳。 I’m sure that he can do it well.我相信他会把这件事做好的。 初中试题 1．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Miss Song, I haven’t decided _______. —I really hope you will visit it. It’s a good chance to learn about the history of our city. A．how will I go to Suqian Museum B．how I will go to Suqian Museum C．whether will I go to Suqian Museum D．whether I will go to Suqian Museum 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——宋小姐，我还没决定是否去宿迁博物馆。——我真的希望你能去参观。这是了解我们城市历史的好机会。考查宾语从句。how will I go to Suqian Museum我怎么去宿迁博物馆，疑问语序；how I will go to Suqian Museum我怎么去宿迁博物馆，陈述语序；whether will I go to Suqian Museum我是否会去宿迁博物馆，疑问语序；whether I will go to Suqian Museum我是否会去宿迁博物馆，陈述语序。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AC；根据答语“I really hope you will visit it. It’s a good chance to learn about the history of our city.”可知，还没决定是否去，故选D。 2．（2024·北京·中考真题）—Tim, do you know ________ the art festival? — Sure! Next Friday. A． when did we hold B．when we held C．when will we hold D．when we will hold 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Tim，你知道我们什么时候举办艺术节吗？——当然知道！下个星期五。 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构并结合选项可知，此处为宾语从句，应用陈述语序，排除选项A、C；根据答语中的“Next Friday.”可知，此处表示将来要发生的动作，时态应用一般将来时。故选D。 3．（2024·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Do you know ________? —Of course! In Paris, France. A．when the 33rd Olympic Games will be held B．where will the 33rd Olympic Games be held C．where the 33rd Olympic Games will be held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道第33届奥运会将在哪里举行吗？——当然知道！在法国巴黎。 考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除B；根据答语“In Paris, France.”可知，对地点提问用where。故选C。 4．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）—Could you tell me ______? —Sorry, I’ve never had a home robot before. Why not read the instructions first? A．where can I buy a home robot B．where I can buy a home robot C．how can I turn the home robot on D．how I can turn the home robot on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我怎样启动家用机器人吗？——对不起，我以前从来没有过家用机器人。为什么不先看看说明书呢？ 考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除AC选项；再根据“Why not read the instructions first?”可知，建议看说明书，说明问句是问如何启动家用机器人，用how引导宾语从句。故选D。 5．（2024·湖北武汉·中考真题）The saying “Knowledge starts with practice” tells us ________. A．what is knowledge B．how we can get knowledge C．why is practice powerful D．when we should start practicing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“实践出真知”这句话告诉我们如何获得知识。 考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AC；结合“Knowledge starts with practice”可知，强调方式，故选B。 高中试题 1. It’s easy to explain how we determine smells are dangerous or not: we learn. 【答案】whether 【解析】宾语从句。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。文体句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，空格后是主+系+表的句子结构，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知，此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。 2.Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak she could do so remotely. 【答案】whether/if 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。 3.The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about she lived． 【答案】where 【解析】宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。 4.Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them you can join in when it's possible. 【答案】if/whether 【解析】宾语从句。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。 5.Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 【答案】what 【解析】宾语从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。文体句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。 6.What students do at college seems to matter much more than they go. 【答案】where 【解析】宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。 ( 高中同位语从句解析 ) 在主从复合句中，作同位语的是一个从句，则这个句子就称为同位语从句。同位语从句由连词that和whether、关系代词who和what或关系副词why和how等引导。连词that在同位语从句中不担任任何成分，也没有词义，但是不能省略。从意思上来讲，同位语从句所表达的意思，就是与之同位的名词所表达的意思。 与从句同位的名词通常是表示事实等的抽象名词 answer回答 belief信念 doubt怀疑 fact事实 hope希望 idea想法 news消息 order命令 question问题 reply回答 thought想法 rumour谣言 注意：具体名词，如pen，book等之后不能跟同位语从句。 The idea that we invited him yesterday is quite good.昨天我们邀请了他，这个主意真是太好了。 The question whether we’ll go to see the film next Monday hasn’t been settled. 说明：whether引导同位语从句，有词义，不作成分，不能省略，也不能用if来代替。 下周一我们是否去看那部电影还未决定。 His question why the sky is blue is difficult to answer.他问为什么天是蓝的，这令人很难回答。 The rumour that there’ll be an earthquake soon spread all over the area.（同位语从句） 说明：that引导的从句是抽象名词rumour的同位语从句，that无词义，不作成分，也不能省略。 将要发生地震的谣言很快就在这一地区传开了。 The rumour is that there’ll be an earthquake.（表语从句）谣言是将要发生地震了。 比较：试比较下面两个句子的正误。 （正）The idea (that) he told me yesterday is good.（定语从句） （误）The idea is that he told me yesterday.昨天他告诉我的那个主意太好了。 ( 综合训练 ) 一．单句语法填空 1. __________ adds to the amazement may be the occasional sight of golden snub-nosed monkeys and constant sounds of birds singing. 2.No one knows __________ the animals have walked so far away from their original habitat. 3.People always say that fishing in shallow water in autumn makes sense. That’s __________ temperatures decrease quickly and sunshine doesn’t reach deep water thoroughly. 4.This skill is __________ supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. It is also what makes contemporary surveillance (监控) systems so scary. 5.According to __________ was released by China’s State Council in August last year, the country aims to establish at least one university for elderly people in every county-level region by 2025. 6.These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, were carved on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into __________ ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity. 7.In fact, everyone can realize his dream. Keep telling yourself __________ you want. 8.Visitors go to the Getty thinking they are visiting a museum with works of art on the inside. __________ they discover instead is a work of art with a museum inside. 9.__________ fascinates westerners is the Chinese bamboo culture and its long history. 10.It increases confidence and independence, offers you a chance to learn new crafts, and gives you time to reflect on __________ university is right for you. 11.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence __________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 12.Inside the boat is a statue of a baby. The baby stands for humans and the boat is  __________ supports life. 13.Some teens consider high school to be terrible, taking up their time and loading them with many endless responsibilities; however, for teens who can see the bigger picture, they can appreciate __________ high school is so important and how to make the most of it. 14.As a matter of fact, __________ the media doesn’t show the world are other automobile accidents; research over the past several years has shown that flying is the safest method of transportation. 15.People always say that fishing in shallow water in autumn makes sense. That’s __________ temperatures decrease quickly and sunshine doesn’t reach deep water thoroughly. 16.There are many ways you can experience tea culture in China. You can visit a tea plantation in Hangzhou or elsewhere to learn __________ tea is grown and harvested. 17.Discoveries made during the latest excavation of Pit No.1 at the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, have allowed Chinese archaeologists to gain more insight into __________ the world-famous Terracotta Warriors and their weapons were made. 18.That changed on Jan. 2, 2019, when Chinese spacecraft Chang’e 4 made a soft landing on __________ is often referred to as the dark side. 19.Beijing Opera combines singing, reading, acting, fighting, and dancing together, using acting methods to present characters and tell stories. That is __________ it is a comprehensive (综合的) art. 20.Of all the powerful works of Wang Xizhi, __________ is best known to us is Lantingji Xu. 21.The museum’s founder, Dr. Samuel West, explained __________ encouraged him to create the project. 22.Craton thinks that she has more things to learn than before, which is __________ she has already enrolled in a master’s degree program and is doing daily assignments once again. 23.Song Xiaoning, mother of a first grader in Beijing, said she looks forward to __________ her daughter will learn at the new once-a-week labor course. 24.A warm thought suddenly came to me __________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. 25.—Have you finished the book? —No. I’ve read up to __________ the children discover the secret cave. 26.The question is __________ we will have our sports meet next week. 27.—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s __________ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life. 28.Therefore, to protect wildlife and humans alike, it is vital __________ a wide range of research and institutions should consider the role of a changing climate in shaping the complex dynamics of conflict. 29.It is a common knowledge __________ practice makes perfect. 30.__________ inspires us is that pioneers have been dedicated to improving our life. 31.Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea __________ the party is to be held? 32.Home is __________ you can find love and care. 33.As a leader who in his youth toiled (辛苦工作) as a farmer on the almost barren (贫瘠的) Loess Plateau for seven years, Xi knows better than many __________ forests mean to a nation. 34.This is __________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 35.Please do __________ your parents ask you to do. Otherwise, you’ll get into trouble. 36.Don’t be sad. The most important thing is __________ we must learn from our mistakes and move on. 37.When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know __________ lane he is entering. 38.She asked me __________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t. 39.I’ll be well prepared for university or __________ else comes in the future. 40. __________ nearly all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption that has been put forward by social scientists. 1. What 考查主语从句连接词。句意：更令人惊讶的是，偶尔会看到金丝猴和不断的鸟鸣声。该空引导主语从句，从句中缺乏主语，意为“……的事物”，用连接代词what，首字母大写。故填What。 2. why 考查宾语从句。句意：没有人知道为什么这些动物离开了它们原来的栖息地那么远。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，用why引导。故填why。 3. because 考查表语从句。句意：人们常说秋天要在浅水里钓鱼是有道理的。这是因为在寒露期间，温度迅速下降，阳光无法完全到达深水区。根据句意及句子结构可知，本句是表语从句，此处表示“因为”，故用引导词because，引导表语从句。故填because。 4. what 考查名词性从句。句意：这种技能正是21世纪面部识别软件的巨大潜力所在。“…supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. ”在is 后面充当表语，是一个表语从句。从句中supports 前面缺主语，指物，应用连接代词what，故填what。 5. what 考查宾语从句。句意：根据中国国务院去年8月发布的消息，我国计划到2025年在每个县级地区至少建立一所老年大学。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的宾语从句作according to的宾语，从句中缺少主语，结合句意可知，此处指的是事情。故填what。 6. how 考查宾语从句。句意：这些有三千年历史的符号，甲骨文，刻在甲壳或动物的骨头上，可以让我们了解古人如何看待周围的世界，以及他们伟大的创造力。根据空格前的介词into可知，此处为宾语从句。在宾语从句中，句子不缺成分，表“如何”含义，所以用连接副词how引导宾语从句。故填how。 7. what 考查宾语从句。句意：不断告诉你自己你想要的是什么。本句是宾语从句，从句中的want缺少宾语，表示“……的东西”应填what。故填what。 8. What 考查主语从句。句意：相反，他们发现的是里面有一个博物馆的一件艺术品。分析句子结构和意思可知，　　　 they discover instead是主语从句，从句中缺少动词discover的宾语，指物，用what，“什么”的意思，首字母大写。故填What。 9. What 考查主语从句。句意：让西方人着迷的是中国的竹文化及其悠久的历史。分析句子可知，空格处缺少主语从句关系词，主语从句缺少主语，表示“物”，应使用连接代词what，位于句首首字母大写，故填What。 10. whether 考查宾语从句。句意：它增加了你的自信和独立性，为你提供了一个学习新手艺的机会，并给你时间来思考大学是否适合你。此处为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用whether。故填whether。 11. that 考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。 12. what 考查名词性从句。表语从句中，从句缺少主语，故用what引导。句意：婴儿代表人类，而船是生命的支柱。故填what。 13. why 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：然而，对于能够看到大局的青少年来说，他们可以理解为什么高中如此重要以及如何充分利用它。分析句子可知，从句缺少原因状语，这里用连接副词why引导宾语从句。故填why。 14. what 考查名词性从句。句意：事实上，媒体没有向世界展示的是其他的交通事故；过去几年的研究表明，乘飞机是最安全的交通方式。分析句子成分可知，本句为主语从句的连接词，主语从句谓语动词show之后缺少宾语，表示物，所以用what。故填what。 15. because 考查表语从句。句意：人们常说秋天要在浅水里钓鱼是有道理的。这是因为在寒露期间，温度迅速下降，阳光无法完全到达深水区。根据句意及句子结构可知，本句是表语从句，此处表示“因为”，故用引导词because，引导表语从句。故填because。 16. how 考查宾语从句。句意：你可以参观杭州或其他地方的茶园，了解如何种植和收获茶叶。空处引导宾语从句，且从句缺少方式状语，应用how来修饰，故填how。 17. how 考查宾语从句。句意：中国第一个皇帝秦始皇陵墓一号坑的最新发掘发现，使中国考古学家对世界闻名的兵马俑及其武器的制造过程有了更多的了解。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词引导，根据句意，应用how引导。故填how。 18. what 考查名词性从句。句意：这种情况在2019年1月2日发生了改变，在那一天，嫦娥四号在月球的暗月面软着陆。分析句子可知，is often referred to as the dark side.为从句作landing on的宾语，从句缺乏主语，故用what。 19. why 考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么它是一门综合性的艺术。这里为表语从句的连接词，从句缺少原因状语，用why引导。故填why。 20. what 考查主语从句。句意：在王羲之的所有大作中，我们最为了解的是《兰亭集序》。空处引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“我们最为了解的（作品）”，指物用what引导，故填what。 21. what 考查what引导宾语从句。分析句子成分可知，此空连接宾语从句，从句中缺主语，故用连接词what。故填what。 22. why 考查why引导表语从句。分析句子可知，is后引导表语从句，解释了Craton为什么申请了硕士学位课程，并且再一次每天做作业的原因，连接副词why符合句意。故填why。 23. what 考查宾语从句。句意：北京一名一年级学生的母亲Song Xiaoning说，她很期待女儿在每周一次的新劳动课程上学到的东西。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句，故填what。 24. that 考查同位语从句。句意：一个温暖的想法突然出现在我的脑海里：我可能会用零用钱买一些花给妈妈作生日礼物。设空处引导同位语从句，对thought进行解释说明，从句的句子成分完整，that仅起连接作用。故填that。 25. where 考查连接副词where引导宾语从句。句意：——你看完这本书了吗?——没有。我读到孩子们发现神秘山洞的地方了。结合答句的含义：“我读到孩子们发现神秘山洞的地方了。”可以判断，所选的词应该在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 26. whether 考查whether引导表语从句。句意：问题是下周我们是否会开运动会。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导表语从句，且从句不缺任何成分，应该使用whether引导表语从句，意为“是否”，if不引导表语从句。故填whether。 27. where 考查where引导表语从句。句意：——星期天我喜欢把自己关在房间里听一整天音乐。——那就是我不同意之处。你应该过一个更有活力的生活。选项部分为是表语从句，agree是不及物动词，因此从句不缺成分，应用连接副词where引导，作状语。故填where。 28. that 考查名词性从句。句意：因此，为了保护野生动物和人类，重要的是，各种研究机构应考虑气候变化在形成复杂的冲突动态方面的作用。it be + adj.+that...是固定句型，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。故填that。 29. that 考查that引导主语从句。句意：众所周知，熟能生巧。分析可知，句子为主语从句，it做形式主语，从句句意和句子结构完整，连接词为that。故填that。 30. What 考查what引导主语从句。句意：激励着我们的是先驱们一直致力于改善我们的生活。分析句子结构可知，此处引导主语从句，从句缺主语，用连接代词what引导从句，在从句中作主语，意为“……的事”；句首单词的首字母大写。故填What。 31. where 考查where引导同位语从句。句意：明天是Tom的生日，你知道聚会将在哪儿举行吗？根据句意可知，此处用where引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，并在从句中充当地点状语。故填where。 32. where 考查where引导表语从句。句意：家是你能找到爱和关怀的地方。空格处引导的是表语从句，从句完整，由句意可知，空格处意为“……的地方”，应用连接副词where引导。故填where。 33. what 考查名词性从句连接词。句意：作为一位年轻时曾在贫瘠的黄土高原上当了七年农民的领导人，习近平比许多人都更清楚森林对一个国家意味着什么。句子分析可知“___ forests mean to a nation”作knows的宾语从句，设空处在从句中作mean的宾语，表示“意味着什么”，故填what。 34. what 考查what引导表语从句。句意：这就是我父亲教给我的——直面困难，抱着最好的希望。分析句子可知，设空处引导表语从句。teach后接双宾语，即teach sb. sth.可知，teach缺少直接宾语，需用连接代词what充当宾语。故填what。 35. what 考查what引导宾语从句。句意：请按照你父母让你做的去做。否则，你会有麻烦的。分析可知，此处引导宾语从句，作动词do的宾语，用连接代词what引导从句，在从句中作宾语，指代事物，意为“……的事”。故填what。 36. that 考查连接词that引导表语从句。句意：不要难过，最重要的事情是我们必须从我们的错误中吸取教训，然后继续前进。分析句子的结构可知，we must learn from our mistakes and move on作为完整的句子，用在了系动词is之后，可判断该句为表语从句；结合句意可知，从句中不缺少成分，应用that。故填that。 37. which 考查which引导宾语从句。句意：变换车道时，驾驶员应使用转向灯让其他驾驶员知道他要进入的车道。设空处为宾语从句，在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。本句中which lane为一个整体，后接陈述语序he is entering。故填which。 38. whether/if 考查whether/if引导宾语从句。句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认，我还没有还。分析句子可知，设空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分；根据句意可知，此处表示不确定，引导词有“是否”的含义，whether/if意为“是否”。故填whether/if。 39. whatever 考查wh-ever等引导宾语从句。句意：我会为大学或将来的任何事情做好充分的准备。分析句子可知，for后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，再结合句意，空处应填连接词whatever引导从句。故填whatever。 40. That 考查that 引导主语从句。句意：几乎所有的行为都是学来的行为，是社会学家提出的基本设想。分析句子可知，此空引导主语从句，该从句不缺任何成分，故用that引导。故填that。 二．语篇填空 It was reported 1 there was an accident at a corner of the Roman Street. No one witnessed 2 it happened and no one saw what on earth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured. 3 will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police were uncertain about   4 the driver was guilty.  5 the police should do now is  6 they must find out what led to the accident. They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7 the accident happened is not clear. Perhaps the reason was  8 the driver was too tired to stop the car in time. But the driver didn’t admit the fact  9  he was over-speed driving at the turning. The police doubted 10 what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation. 1.that 2.when 3.Who 4.whether 5.What 6.that 7.how 8.that 9.that 10.whether 【导语】本文讲述的是发生在的一场车祸。所幸无人受伤，警察正在调查取证，以尽快找到事故原因。 1. 考查主语从句。It is / was reported that ...是一个常用的句型，意为“据报道”。故填that。 2. 考查宾语从句。句意：没有人看到事故是什么时候发生的，也没有人看到当时究竟是怎么回事。从句中句子结构完整，引导词应该在从句中做状语，用连接副词。故填when。 3. 考查主语从句。句意：谁应该对事故负责，仍然在调查中。引导词在从句中充当主语，指人。另外，这里在句首，注意大写第一个字母。故填Who。 4. 考查介词后的宾语从句。句意：警察不能确定司机是否有罪。根据句意判断，这里表示“是否”。故填whether。 5. 考查主语从句。句意：警察现在应该做的事，就是必须找到是什么导致了这起车祸。此空是主语从句引导词，并且在从句中做动词宾语，指物，应该用what。另外，这里在句首，注意大写第一个字母。故填What。 6. 考查表语从句。句意同上。引导词应该是表语从句引导词，而且从句中结构完整，因此这里只需要一个引导词，且不做任何成分，只起连接词作用。故填that。 7. 考查主语从句。句意：他们（警察）说，因为事故是如何发生的尚不清楚，因此很难判断。此空应该是原因状语从句中的主语从句，主语从句中结构是完整的，因此应用连接副词。根据句子意思判断，这里应该用how。故填how。 8. 考查表语从句。当句子主语中含有名词reason, cause等表示原因，或是why引导的主语从句时，表语从句引导词应该用that。故填that。 9. 考查同位语从句。在名词idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等后的从句，一般是同位语从句，引导词在句中不充当任何成分，只起连接词作用。故填that。 10. 考查宾语从句。动词doubt如果用于肯定，其后的宾语从句常用whether来引导。如果用于否定，其后的宾语从句则用that来引导。故填whether。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$