专题01.谓语动词-【初升高】2025年新高一英语暑期衔接讲义（通用版）

谓语动词 定义： 谓语动词是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”，其位置一般在主语之后. 分类： 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词词组构成，不论何种时态、语态、语气。例如：I like apples.（一般现在时主动语态）；She wrote a letter yesterday.（一般过去时主动语态） 复合谓语：可分为两种情况。第一种是由情态动词、助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成，例如：He can speak English.；You should do your homework. 第二种是由连系动词+表语构成，例如：The soup tastes delicious.；She looks happy. ( 高中动词时态解析 ) 动词的时态： 1. 动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下： 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成进行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking 一般现在时 表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或客观事实。常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用。例如：He goes to school by bus every day. 用法：1.be（am，is，are）动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。行为动词的第三人称单数加-s/es，其余人称用动词原形。 I am free tonight.我今晚有空。 Bill often helps others.We like him a lot.比尔总是帮助他人。我们很喜欢他。 2.表示经常、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。 It often rains in our city.我们的城市经常下雨。 3.表示普遍真理和客观真实。 The earth moves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 4.表示心理状态或情感的动词往往用一般现在时。 She hates rock music.她讨厌摇滚乐。 5.在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。 I will call on you as soon as I am free.我空闲时会去拜访你。 提示：一般现在时可以用来代替一般将来时，表示已经预先计划或安排的肯定将要发生的动作，句中常有表示将来时间的状语。这一用法主要用于下列动词，如果arrive（到达），be（是），begin（开始），come（来到），go（去），leave（离开），reach（到达），start（出发）等。 The train leaves at eight o’clock.火车8点钟开车。 初中试题 1.Don’t worry. Bill will help you look after your dog when you 　　　(be) away on business.  答案　are　句意:别担心。在你出差的时候,Bill会帮你照顾你的狗。本题考查状语从句的时态。在含时间状语从句的复合句中,当主句时态为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 2.Grace　　　 (win)this game every time we play.  答案　wins　句意:每次我们玩这个游戏Grace都赢。本题考查动词的时态。根据题干中的every time we play可知此空用一般现在时,主语Grace是第三人称单数,因此谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。 高中试题 1.The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 10.______ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【答案】means 【解析】句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 2.Gas naturally ____6____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 【答案】has 【解析】句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。文体句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。 3.As it ____3____ (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream． 【答案】connects 【解析】句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词turns可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。 4.This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 2 (carry) special significance. 【答案】carries 【解析】句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰房子有特殊的意义。文体句子可知，why引导的表语从句中缺谓语，主语是decorating the house with plants, fruits and flowers，动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数，根据主句谓语is可知，从句时态用一般现在时。故填carries。 5.Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food 1 (play) a big role in his life. 【答案】 plays/has played/is playing/has been playing 【解析】句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。主语food为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。 6.Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 10 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】are 【解析】根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，要用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时，故填are。 7.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ____1_ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). 【答案】has/will have 【解析】句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。 8.While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it 4 (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 【答案】is 【解析】医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。 9.This isn't as hard as it 7 (sound), and it is far better than any other method 【答案】sounds 【解析】句意：这件事并不像听起来那么难。描述的是一般事实，而且主语为it，因此用sound的一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填sounds. 10.Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 9 (come) first. 【答案】comes 【解析】句意：但现在，学校是第一位的。根据“at the moment”可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为school，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。 一般过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与yesterday, last week, ago等时间状语连用。例如：I visited my grandparents last weekend. 用法：1.be（was/were）动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。行为动词都要用过去式。 I was in Beijing last year.我去年在北京。 They visited the Great Wall yesterday.他们昨天去长城了。 2.表示过去某事件发生的动作或存在的状态。 My brother joined the army in 2000.我哥哥是2000年参的军。 The vase was broken just now.这只花瓶刚被打碎了。 3.句中虽没有明确地表示过去时间的状语，但实际上确实指过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态时，也要用一般过去时。 I thought your dog was dead.我以为你的狗死了。 4.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。 You often went climbing when you were a little boy.当你还是个小男孩时，常去爬山。 5.表示过去连续发生的动作。 She took off her coat and sat in the sofa.她脱了外套，坐在沙发上。 提示：如果要强调已经终止的习惯，要用used to do。 He used to smoke and drink.他过去经常抽烟喝酒。 I used to take a walk after supper.我过去总是在饭后散步。 初中试题 1.England started colonies(殖民地)later. After a few fights, they　　　(take)control of the land.  答案　took　句意:经过几次战斗,他们控制了这块土地。根据语境可知需用动词过去式。take的过去式为took。 2.—How come you are late again? —I　　　because my alarm clock didn’t go off.(oversleep)  答案　overslept　根据句意“因为闹钟没响而睡过头”可知用一般过去时。 3.When I 　　　(arrive) at the hotel, it was midnight.  答案　arrived　句意:当我到达那家宾馆时,是午夜了。本题考查动词的时态。由it was midnight可知描述的是过去的事情,故此处应填动词arrive的过去式arrived。 4.—There is someone knocking at the door. —It must be the computer repairman. I 　　　(call)him to come to fix my computer.  答案　called　句意:——有人在敲门。——一定是修电脑的。我刚才给他打电话,让他来修我的电脑。本题考查动词的时态。根据句意可知应使用一般过去时,表示过去发生的事情。 5.—Has Mary ever visited Tower Bridge? —Yes.She　　　 (visit)it two years ago.  答案　visited　句意:——玛丽曾经参观过伦敦塔桥吗?——是的。她是两年前参观的。本题考查动词时态。由答语中的时间状语two years ago可知,应用一般过去时。 高中试题 1.As a little girl, I ___10__ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【答案】wished 【解析】句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。文体句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 2. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 1 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 2 exactly on time. 【答案】threw 【解析】句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。 3.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___3___ (address) the opening ceremony. 【答案】addressed 【解析】句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。文体句意可知，本句是陈述过去事情，所以用一般过去时。故填addressed。 4.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___3___ (be)previously unprotected 【答案】were 【解析】句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。文体句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。 5.He quickly ___8___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 【答案】threw 【解析】句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并列结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。 6.Eventually, the man ____3____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 【答案】caught 【解析】句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。 7.When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ____8____ (notice)her smile right away. ” 【答案】noticed 【解析】句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。 8.We 6_____ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 【答案】hired 【解析】句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。根据语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填hired。 9.You can't help wondering how hard it ___6____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 【答案】was 【解析】句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。文体句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，“安置台阶的石头”是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填was。 10.After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and __10_ (sell) most of their furniture. 【答案】10．sold 【解析】句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们把房子租了出去，卖掉了大部分家具。文体句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式是sold。故填sold。 一般将来时 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next week, in the future等时间状语连用。其表达结构有will/shall + 动词原形、be going to + 动词原形等。例如：She will go shopping tomorrow. 用法：1.由“am/is/are going to+动词原形”或“will/shall+动词原形”构成。 He’s going to see a film with his girlfriend.他要和他的女朋友去看电影。 We’ll have an examination tomorrow.我们明天有一个考试。 2.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 There will be a meeting tomorrow.明天有一个会议。 3.在主从复合句的主句中表示将来的动作或状态。 I will wait for you when I arrive there.我到那儿后会等着你。 提示：“be going to+动词原形”表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。“will/shall+动词原形”表示未经考虑的意图。 注意：“be to+动词原形”表示按安排、计划而且是在近期发生或必须要做的事情。“be about to+动词原形”表示马上、很快就要发生的动作，都可以用来表示一般将来时。 The children are to learn English next week.孩子们下周要去学英语。 The manager is about to arrive in Beijing.经理马上就要到达北京了。 初中试题 1.If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I 　　　 tickets for you tomorrow.  A.will book B.booked C.have booked D.was booking 答案　A　句意:如果你想参观北京故宫博物院,我明天就给你订票。此题考查一般将来时。含条件状语从句的主从复合句遵循“主将从现”的原则,此处是主句谓语,所以要用一般将来时,因此选A。 2.—What is your plan for next weekend, Lingling? —I 　　　 volunteer work in the museum.  A.was doing B.did C.have done D.am going to do 答案　D　句意:——玲玲,你下周末的计划是什么?——我打算去博物馆做志愿工作。本题考查动词的时态。由第一句中next weekend可知本空应用一般将来时,表示计划或打算,故本题答案为D。 3.We　　　a party for Kate. It’s supposed to be a surprise.  A.were having B.had C.will have D.have had 答案　C　句意:我们将为凯特举办一个聚会。它应该是个惊喜。本题考查动词时态。A项为过去进行时;B项为一般过去时;C项为一般将来时;D项为现在完成时。根据后句It􀆳s supposed to be a surprise.可知聚会还没举办,故用一般将来时态。be supposed to应该,被期望,理应。 4.Michael　　　in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year.  A.teach B.taught C.will teach D.was teaching 答案　C　句意:Michael将从明年二月到六月在云南一所学校教书。本题考查动词的一般将来时态。根据next year可知此句时态为一般将来时,故选C。 5.Look on the bright side of life, and imagine that you 　　　 a happy and successful future.  A.had B.will have C.have D.have had 答案　B　句意:往好的方面想,想象你会拥有一个幸福成功的未来。本题考查一般将来时的用法。由imagine和future可知,本题答案为B。 高中试题 一、填空题 1.If they come, we ________ (have) a meeting. 2.While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television _____(replace) the newspaper completely. 3.The time is not far away when mobile phones (become) widespread in China’s vast countryside. 4.Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots _____ (go) to become a lot more common in the next few years. 5.If you prove it is my fault, I _____(apology) for the failure of the experiment. 6.A new school ______ (build) in this area of our city next year. 7.In the near future, more advances in robot technology ________(make) by scientists. 8.The news that the winter Olympics _____ (held) in Beijing in 2022 excites Chinese people home and abroad. 9.These questions will _________ (analyse) in more detail in the next section of this report. 10.As you see in the advertisement, your room will _____(furnish) with a desk, a bed, and a computer. 1.答案：will have 解析：分析句子结构可知，句中含有if引导的条件状语从句，应该遵循 “主将从现”的原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，本句可以用will+do构成一般将来时。故填：will have. 2.答案：will replace 解析：句意为: 尽管人们可能会从电视上观看最新的新闻, 但电视不太可能会完全取代报纸。根据语境可知, 此处表示将要发生的事, 应用一般将来时, 故填will replace。 3.答案：will become 4.答案：will go / are going 5.答案：will apologise考查时态。句意:如果你能证明是我的错，我将为实验的失败道歉。条件句用现在时，主句用一般将来时。 6.答案：will be built考查时态和语态。句意：明年将在我市这个地区建一所新学校。分析句子可知，此处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语next year可知，此处指的是明年将要发生的事情，时态要用一般将来时；由于动词build与主语A new school构成动宾关系，因此要用被动语态。故填will be built。 7.答案：will be made根据时间状语"In the near future"可知应用一般将来时；advances和make之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。 8.答案：will be held 9.答案：be analysed考查动词的语态。句意：这些问题将在这篇报告接下来的部分中被更详细地分析。根据句意，问题是被分析，应用analyse的被动语态。空前有will，故填be analysed。 10.答案：be furnished句意为: 正如你在广告上看到的, 你的房间将配有一张桌子、一张床和一台电脑。furnish意为"为(房间)配备家具", 与主语your room之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态。故填be furnished。 现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。结构为am/is/are + 现在分词。例如：They are watching TV now. 用法：1.由“am/is/are+现在分词”构成。 the managers are having a meeting in Room 301.经理们正在301室开会。 2.表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。 He is writing a novel.他在写一部小说。 3.表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。 We are leaving for Taiwan tomorrow.我们正计划明天去台湾。 4.与always，forever等副词连用，用于表达说话人的厌烦、不满等强烈的感情。 She is always asking the question.她总是问这个问题。 My brother is always making the same mistake.我弟弟总是犯同样的错误。 提示：现在进行时表示暂时性的动作，一般现在时表示经常性的动作。 Where is he living?他（这几天/暂时/目前）住在哪儿？ Where does he live?他住在哪儿？ 初中试题 1.Research company Nielsen found that in the UK, sales of e-books are f　　　 while sales of paper books are rising.  答案　falling　此处表示“电子书的销售量正在下降”。be+doing为现在进行时。 2.Look! The boys are k　　　(踢) the ball around in the yard.  答案　kicking　根据提示可知要填动词。因为有“Look!” 故用现在进行时;are 后面用动词的现在分词形式。 3.Please don’t make so much noise. The baby　　　(sleep)now.  答案　is sleeping　句意:请不要这么吵闹。婴儿正在睡觉。本题考查时态。根据时间状语now,可知用现在进行时。 5.—Mum,where is Dad? —He　　　 (plant)flowers in the garden now.  答案　is planting　本题考查动词的时态。根据答语中的时间状语now,以及问句中“爸爸在哪儿”可知,要用现在进行时。 高中试题 1．The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers (repair) one of the main pipes. 【答案】are repairing 【详解】考查时态。句意：供水暂时被切断了，因为工人们正在修理其中一条主管道。根据句意及空前的“The water supply has been cut off temporarily”可知，此处表示供水暂时被切断是因为工人们正在修理主管道，空处需用现在进行时表示“工人正在维修主管道”这一正在进行的动作。主语the workers为复数，be动词应用are。故填are repairing。 2．She is one of the girls in our class who (train) for the coming sports meeting now. 【答案】are being trained 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：她是我们班正在为即将到来的运动会训练的女孩之一。分析句子可知，此处为who引导的定语从句中的谓语动词。结合句意和now可知，此处讲述的是正在发生的事情，句子用现在进行时，who指代先行词the girls in our class，且与train之间是被动关系，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are being trained。 3．— Do you want to go to the talk on recycling? — Great! I (look) for some information for my article on the topic. 【答案】am looking 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意： ——你想去听关于回收的讲座吗？ ——太棒了!我正在为我关于这个主题的文章寻找一些信息。根据下文“Great! ”以及“some information for my article on the topic.(一些关于这个主题的文章的一些信息。)”可知，此处是指“正在寻找”关于回收这个主题的信息，有一个关于回收的讲座太好了，所以时态用现在进行时，又因为主语是I，所以be动词用am。本句故填am looking。 4．Many experts say that The Scream indicates that Munch is (struggle) with his health problem. 【答案】struggling 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：许多专家表示，《呐喊》表明蒙克正在与自己的健康问题作斗争。空处作谓语，此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时，已有be动词is，空处需填现在分词。故填struggling。 5．Right now, the audience (clap) excitedly as the magician is pulling a rabbit from his hat. 【答案】are clapping 【详解】考查现在进行时和主谓一致。句意：现在，当魔术师从帽子里拿出一只兔子时，观众们兴奋地鼓掌。根据“Right now”和时间状语从句“as the magician is pulling a rabbit from his hat”可知，此处描述正在发生的事情，使用现在进行时，主语audience表示复数意义，be动词使用are，故填are clapping。 6．Cursive(草书) (make) a comeback at present as states including New Hampshire, Utah and, most recently, California are embracing handwriting requirements in their educational standards. 【答案】is making 【详解】考查时态。句意：目前，草书正在复兴，因为包括新罕布什尔州、犹他州以及最近的加利福尼亚州在内的多个州，正在将手写要求纳入其教育标准。根据时间状语at present，可知句子描述的是当前正在发生的趋势，需要使用现在进行时。主语Cursive是单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填is making。 7．“She is still (breathe)! Come and help me dig her out!” shouted the soldier. 【答案】breathing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：“她还有呼吸！来帮我把她挖出来！”士兵喊道。结合句意，breathe与主语之间为主动关系，空前有助动词is，所以此处为现在进行时，表示现在正在发生的事情，空处缺少现在分词breathing。故填breathing。 8．人们普遍承认，一些古老的传统正经历困境。 It has been admitted that some old traditions are tough times. (go) 【答案】going through 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“经历”使用动词go through，使用现在分词和前面的are构成现在进行时，故填going through。 9．We (start) for Shanghai this afternoon. 【答案】are starting 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们今天下午要出发去上海。根据句中时间状语this afternoon可知，句子描述的是一个计划好的、即将发生的动作，此时可以用现在进行时表将来，主语是We，be动词用are。故填are starting。 10．They (leave) for a beach vacation tomorrow. They’ve already packed their swimsuits and sun hats. 【答案】are leaving 【详解】考查现在进行时。句意：他们明天要去海边度假。他们已经把泳衣和遮阳帽打包好了。结合句意及“tomorrow”可知，此处表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，使用现在进行时表将来，给人一种期待感，主语They表示复数意义，故填are leaving。 过去进行时 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。结构为was/were + 现在分词。例如：He was reading a book at 8 o'clock last night. 用法：1.由“was/were+现在分词”构成。 She was watching TV at seven last night.昨晚7点时她正在看电视。 2.表示过去某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 What was he doing at ten last night?昨晚10点他在干什么？ 3.用于时间状语从句中。 My other was cooking while I was doing my homework.我做作业时妈妈正在做饭。 4.表示过去将要发生的动作。 He said he was attending the meeting the next day.他说他第二天要参加那个会议。 提示：表示感觉、感官的动词（see，look，hear，notice等），表示态度和感情、心理的动词（like等）及表示存在、继续的动词（be等），以及have，belong表示“占有”时，不用进行时。如“他今天看起来不错”应译成He looks fine today.而不能译成He is looking fine today.又如“我们有台新电脑”应译成We have a new computer.而不能译成We are having a new computer. 初中试题 1.My mother　　　(cook)dinner when I got home yesterday.  答案　was cooking　句意:昨天我到家的时候,妈妈正在做饭。本题考查动词的时态。从句when I got home yesterday为过去时,所以主句应用过去进行时。 2.I saw Jeff in the park.He　　　 (sit)on the grass and reading a book.  答案　was sitting　句意:我在公园里看到了Jeff。他正坐在草地上读书。本题考查动词的时态。根据前句的时态可知本空应用过去的某种时态,再根据and reading可知此空应用过去进行时。 3.—Why did the car hit the boy? —Because the driver 　　　 (talk)on the phone at that time.  答案　was talking　句意:——为什么这辆车撞到这个男孩了?——因为司机那个时候正在打电话。本题考查动词时态。根据句意和关键词at that time可知,设空处应使用过去进行时。 高中试题 1．— Did you catch what I said? — Sorry. I (answer) a text message just now. 【答案】was answering 【详解】考查时态。句意：——你听懂我说的话了吗？——对不起。我刚才在回短信。根据句意及空后的“just now”可知，此处表示刚才没有听懂对方说的话，因为刚才正在回短信，空处应用过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，过去进行时结构为“was/were+现在分词”，主语I为第一人称，be动词应用was。故填was answering。 2．—When did the computer crash? —This morning, while I (sort) the reading materials downloaded from some websites. 【答案】was sorting 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：——电脑什么时候死机的？——今天上午，当我正在把从一些网站上下载下来的阅读材料进行分类的时候。分析句子可知，死机发生在我正在做某事时，也就是说发生在过去的某个时间点，故应用过去进行时态。故填was sorting。 3．— I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. — I’m so sorry. But I (do) my homework. 【答案】was doing 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：——我不明白你昨天下午为什么没去听讲座。——对不起。但是（当时）我正在做家庭作业。分析句子可知，答话者昨天下午没有去听讲座的原因是当时正在做家庭作业，即过去某一时刻正在做某事，因此谓语动词do“做”要用过去进行时，即was/were doing，根据主谓一致原则可知，助动词使用was。故答案为was doing。 4．Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 【答案】was fixing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：亨利正在修车时听到了尖叫声。他抬头一看，只见埃里克吊在阳台上。由 when he heard the screams可知，这里是be doing...when...结构，表示 “正在做某事这时……”，根据heard 可知，此处用过去进行时，其结构为was/were + 现在分词，主语Henry 是第三人称单数，be动词用was，fix的现在分词是fixing。故填was fixing。 5．She (make) necklaces with the help of Anne when she noticed that she had made some mistakes. 【答案】was making 【详解】考查时态及主谓一致。句意：她在安妮的帮助下做项链，这时她注意到自己犯了一些错误。所给动词make在句中作谓语；be doing... when句型表示当某人或某物正在做某事，就在这时突然又发生了另一件事，符合本句语境，结合when后分句的时态可知，该空应使用过去进行时态；主语单三人称，助动词be使用单数形式。故填was making。 6．He (draw) on the beach from 7 to 9 o’ clock yesterday morning. 【答案】was drawing 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：昨天早上7点到9点他一直在沙滩上画画。根据时间状语“from 7 to 9 o’clock yesterday morning”可知，此处表示过去某个时间段内正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时（was/were + 现在分词）。主语“He”为第三人称单数，故用“was”。故填was drawing。 7．When I arrived, he (lie) on the bed, fast asleep. 【答案】was lying 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：我到的时候，他正躺在床上睡得很熟。结合时间状语从句“When I arrived”可知，此处描述过去正在发生的事情，使用过去进行时，主语he表示单数意义，be动词使用was，故填was lying。 8．She warned her parents of the danger, though at first they just thought she (joke). 【答案】was joking 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她警告她的父母有危险，尽管起初他们认为她只是在开玩笑。根据语境及“at first”可知，此处表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，主语为she，be动词用was。故填was joking。 9．Women were (scream) because some of the houses nearest the bridge were on fire. 【答案】screaming 【详解】考查时态。句意：妇女们在尖叫，因为离桥最近的一些房子着火了。此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，句子时态是过去进行时，由were可知，空格处是screaming。故填screaming。 10．We were informed that the leaders (come) to our school soon. 【答案】were coming 【详解】考查时态。句意：我们被告知，领导们很快就要来我们学校了。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，根据soon和主句谓语were informed可知，这里表示过去看来将要发生的事情，应用过去将来时，come是瞬移动词，可用过去进行时was/were doing表过去将来。主语the leaders为复数，be动词用were。故填were coming。 11．I (chat) with my classmates when the teacher came into the classroom. 【答案】was chatting 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当老师走进教室的时候，我正在和同学们聊天。根据句意，此处为固定句型“be doing...when...”，表示“一件事情正在进行，突然发生了另外一件事，结合从句的谓语动词came可知，此处使用过去进行时，主语是I，be动词用was。故填was chatting。 12．I (wander) along the pavement yesterday when some strangers came up and asked me the way to the police station. 【答案】was wandering 【详解】考查时态。句意：昨天我正在人行道上闲逛，几个陌生人走过来问我去警察局的路怎么走。此处为句型sb. was/were doing sth. when...，表示“正在做某事，这时……”，该空用过去进行时，主语为I，谓语用单数。故填was wandering。 现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与already, yet, just, ever, never等副词以及since, for等时间状语连用。结构为have/has + 过去分词。例如：I have finished my homework. 用法：1.由“has/have+过去分词”构成，第三人称单数用has，其他人称都用have。 Jack has taught English in our school for three years. 杰克在我们学校教英语已经3年了。 I have had a DVD for a week.我买DVD已经一周了。 2.表示“继续”，说明从过去某时开始的动作、状态一直延续到现在。 The weather has been cold so far this winter.今年冬天直到现在都很冷。 3.表示“经验”，说明过去开始的动作现在刚结束。表示“结果”时，说明过去动作的结果对现在仍有影响。 Someone has broken the windows of my house.有人把我房子的窗户打破了。 提示：有些只能表示短暂动作或位置移动的动词不能表示延续的动作或状态，因此它们不能和由since，for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词有arrive（到达），buy（购买），come（来），die（死亡），get up（起床），go（去），join（参加），leave（离开），open（打开）等。 注意：现在完成时常用的时间状语有： just刚刚 already已经 ever曾经 for a long time很长时间 never从未 for three months3个月之久 now现在 recently/lately近来 since自从 since 1991从1991年以来 since then其后 so far迄今为止 this week这周 till/up to now直到现在 today今天 yet仍然，已经 during the last two weeks在最近两个星期 in the past few days在最近几天 初中试题 1.She looked at me and said,“Oh, thank you very much, but someone 　　　(give) me food earlier and I’m quite full now.  答案　has given　根据后面一句提到“我现在很饱了”可知,已经有人给过她食物了,所以用现在完成时,故填has given。 2.You might be surprised to hear that the number of people sleeping rough(露宿)in London has doubled in the last five years and has i　　　 by 30% across the rest of the country during the last two years.  答案　increased 　句意:听到这些你可能会吃惊。在过去的五年中,伦敦露宿街头的人的数量已经翻倍,而近两年,英国其他地方的数量增长了30%。根据句意及首字母可知填increased。注意要用过去分词和has构成现在完成时。 3.She 　　　(study) English in the school since she left her hometown.  答案　has studied　句意:她自从离开家乡就在这所学校学习英语。时态为现在完成时。 4.My mother　　　(be)a good example for me since I was young.  答案　has been　句意:我妈妈从我小的时候就给我树立了好的榜样。本题考查动词时态。由题干中的since I was young可知主句应用现在完成时,结构为have/has done。 5.It’s nice to see you again. We　　　(see)each other since 2014.  答案　haven’t seen　句意:再次见到你很高兴。自从2014年我们就没见到过。本题考查时态。通过时间状语since 2014可知,应该是现在完成时。 高中试题 1.Over the last two years, some supermarkets (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【答案】have started 【解析】根据时间状语“Over the last two years”可知，此处应该用现在完成时，故填have started。 2.Up to now, China (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】has established 【解析】 句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 3.In the last five years. Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, 【答案】has walked 【解析】句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。 4.The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. 【答案】has increased 【解析】句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。 5.On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 【答案】have promised 【解析】句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 6.It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. 【答案】has proved/has proven 【解析】句意：它不像乔治·华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。根据时间状语“since it opened to the public”可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，故设空处用现在完成时；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。 7.There (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,_ 【答案】has been 【解析】句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 8.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 【答案】have reported 【解析】根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。 9.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I （make） over the years. 【答案】have made 【解析】句意：我喜欢来这里，看看我的家人和多年来结交的所有朋友。根据该定语从句中的时间状语over the years可知，此处用现在完成时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have made。 10. Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply. You probably (use) caffeine since childhood. 【答案】have used/ have been using 【解析】句中时间状语since childhood和现在完成时连用，此处指你可能从小就摄入咖啡因，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在或动作一直在进行，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填have used/ have been using。 过去完成时 表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。常与by, before等介词短语或时间状语从句连用。结构为had + 过去分词。例如：By the time he got there, the train had left. 用法：1.由“had+过去分词”构成。 The film had already begun when we arrived.我们到的时候，电影已经开演了。 2.表示在过去的过去已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。 By the end of last month,Jack had learned skating for five months. 到上个月末，杰克已经学滑冰5个月了。 3.与when，before，till等引导的时间状语从句连用，强调动作发生时间的前后。 She had already cleaned the house before her parents came back. 她父母回来之前，她已经打扫了房间。 4.用于间接引语或宾语从句中。 He said he had read the book twice.他说这本书他已经读了两遍了。 提示：过去完成时还可表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。主要用于下列动词：expect，suppose，hope，intend，mean，think等。 We had hoped to catch the 8:30 train,but found it was gone. 我们本来希望赶8：30的火车，却发现它已经开走了。 注意：过去完成时常用的时间状语有： just刚刚 already已经 ever曾经 yet仍然 by then截止到那时 by nine o’clock直到9点 up till then直到那时 up till last night直到昨晚 by the end of...到……末 by the time...在……时之前 高中试题 1．The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he (meet) some European business partners. 【答案】had met 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：据说经理已从巴黎回来了，在那儿他与欧洲的一些生意伙伴见面了。由句中的“is said to have arrived”可知，arrive这个动作是在过去发生的，而见面的动作则是在arrive所表示的动作之前发生的，即发生在过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。故填had met。 2．Before humans arrived on the island, the species (live) in isolation and eaten the plants that naturally grew there. 【答案】had lived 【详解】考查时态。句意：在人类抵达该岛之前，该物种一直生活在与世隔绝的环境中，并以自然生长在那里的植物为食。动词live意为“生活”。根据句意和“Before humans arrived”可知，主句用过去完成时，表示过去的过去，故此处使用had lived构成过去完成时。故填had lived。 3．I (intend) to see you yesterday, but I had an important meeting to attend. 昨天我本打算去看望你的，但我有一个重要会议需要参加。 【答案】had intended 【详解】考查时态。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“本打算”，“打算”是intend，“打算”的动作发生在had之前，had是一般过去时，因此空格处用过去完成时，即had intended。故填had intended。 4．It was the second time that she (find) the tracks of the wild man. 【答案】had found 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这是她第二次发现野人的踪迹。此处考查固定句型“It was the + 序数词 + time that...”，该句中that从句需用过去完成时，即had done，表示“过去的过去”，结合所给单词find，其过去分词为found。故填had found。 5．We scarcely/hardly (leave) the house when it began to rain. 【答案】had left 【详解】考查时态。句意：我们刚离开家，天就开始下雨了。此处为“scarcely/hardly...when...”固定句式，表示“一…… 就……”，其中scarcely/hardly后为主句，when后为时间状语从句。根据句意及从句中的时态可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，且“leave”这一动作发生在“began to rain”之前，即“过去的过去”，所以主句应用过去完成时。故填had left。 6．You told me you (deal) with these letters. Why are they still here? 【答案】had dealt 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：你告诉我你已经处理过这些信了。为什么它们还在这里？根据句意以及“You told me”结合“Why are they still here?”可知，主句描述的是过去发生的事情，而从句中的动作“deal with these letters”发生在主句动作“told”之前，即“过去的过去”，所以应用过去完成时来表示。故填had dealt。 7．Sometimes I had the uncomfortable feeling that this little machine (take) up too much of my time, and that I could have done something more meaningful than just looking at a tiny screen all day. 【答案】had taken 【详解】考查时态。句意：有时我会有一种不安的感觉，觉得这台小机器占用了我太多时间，而且我本可以做一些比整天盯着小屏幕更有意义的事。根据句意和前文I had可知，take up 发生在had之前，用过去完成时。故填had taken。 8．Take, for example, famous football game on Christmas Day 1914. World War I (break) out months before. 【答案】 the had broken 【详解】考查冠词和时态。句意：以1914年圣诞节那场著名的足球赛为例。第一次世界大战在几个月前就爆发了。 第一空为特指1914年圣诞节那场著名的足球赛，应用定冠词the修饰；第二空，break在句中作谓语，根据时间状语months before可知，该动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had broken。故填①the；②had broken。 9．In order to hide his sadness, he talked and laughed as if nothing (happen). 【答案】had happened 【详解】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：为了掩饰自己的悲伤，他谈笑风生，好像什么都没发生过。由talked and laughed可知，as if引导的从句表示与过去相反的事实，时态用过去完成时，因此空格处是had happened。故填had happened。 10．After peaking in 2019, the museum’s visitor numbers (decline) to pre-2015 levels by 2023, according to the annual report. 【答案】had declined 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：根据年度报告，在2019年达到顶峰后，到2023年，博物馆的游客人数已经下降到2015年之前的水平。decline作本句谓语，根据时间状语by 2023可知，描述是过去的过去发生的事，用过去完成时。故填had declined。 6. 常见句式的固定时态 Hardly/rarely/scarcely…when…, No sooner…than… 刚…就…:主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时 I had scarcely sat down to eat when the phone rang. No sooner had I started my lesson than I found the class was over. This / It is the first / second…time + that “这、那是第几次…”从句一般用完成时 This is the first time I have come here. It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. It is / has been + 一段时间 + since 从句 “自从… 以来多长时间了”：主句为现在完成或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时；主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。 It’s/has been 10 years since we met last time. It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. It + be + 一段时间 + before 从句 “经过多长时间后才…”：主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来时；主句用过去时，从句也用过去时 It will be 3 weeks before she’s able to walk again. It was half an hour before the policemen arrived. By the time +从句 +主句 “到…时候为止”：从句为一般现在时，主句用将来完成时；从句为一般过去时，主句用过去完成时 By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for London to attend a meeting. By the time we got to the station, the train had left. ( 高中动词语态解析 ) 语态： 分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例如：He wrote a letter.（主动语态）；The letter was written by him.（被动语态）。被动语态的基本结构为be + 过去分词，不同时态的被动语态形式不同，如一般现在时的被动语态是am/is/are + 过去分词，一般过去时的被动语态是was/were + 过去分词等. 常用被动语态 构成 常用被动语态 构成 1 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 6 过去进行时 was/were being asked 2 一般过去时 was/were asked 7 现在完成时 have/has been asked 3 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 8 过去完成时 had been asked 4 过去将来时 should/would be asked 9 将来完成时 will/would have been asked 5 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 10 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked 用法： 1.及物动词构成的被动语态a.有一个宾语的句子 （1）主动句：主语+谓语+宾语 （2）被动句：主语+be+过去分词+by+原主格（宾格） 2.及物动词构成的被动语态b.有双宾语的句子 （1）主动句：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 （2）被动句1：主语（原间接宾语）+be+过去分词+原直接宾语+by+原主语（宾格） （3）被动句2：主语（原直接宾语）+be+过去分词+原间接宾语+by+原主语（宾格） I have asked Joe the question.我已经问乔这个问题了。 →Joe has been asked the question(by me). 间接宾语Joe作主语 乔被（我）问了这个问题。 →The question has been asked(of)Joe(by me). 直接宾语the question作主语 这个问题我问乔了。 3.及物动词构成的被动语态c.有宾语补足语的句子 （1）主动句：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 （2）被动句：主语+be+过去分词+宾语补足语+by+原主语（宾语） They will make Beijing more beautiful.他们将会把北京建设得更美丽。 →Beijing will be made more beautiful(by them).北京将会被（他们）建设得更美丽。 4.短语动词构成的被动语态 （1）主动句：主语+不及物动词+介词/副词+宾语 （2）被动句：主语+be+过去分词+介词/副词+by+原主语（宾格） She looks after her grandmother.她照顾她的奶奶。 →Her grandmother is looked after(by her). 介词after不可去掉 她的奶奶被（她）照顾。 5.情态动词构成的被动语态 （1）主动句：主语+情态动词+动词原形+宾语 （2）被动句：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+by+原主格（宾语） We can easily download new books from the Internet. 我们可以很容易地从互联网上下载新书。 →New books can be easily downloaded from the Internet(by us). 新书可以很容易地（被我们）从互联网上下载。 6.祈使句的被动语态（当主动句为肯定祈使句时） （1）主动句：动词原形+宾语 （2）被动句：Let+原宾语+be+过去分词 Empty the rubbish bin at once! →Let the rubbish bin be emptied at once!立刻清空垃圾箱！ 被动语态的注意事项 1.不愿说出动作的执行者或需强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。 The toys are intended for children aged six and up.那些玩具是为6岁及6岁以上儿童设计的。 2.当宾语是反身代词、相互代词、不定式或动名词时，不能用被动语态。 The girl found herself in the valley.小女孩忽然发现自己已经置身山谷中了。 3.当谓语是表状态、结果的及物动词时，不能用被动语态。 Does the pair of shoes suit you?那双鞋子你穿着合适吗？ 4.当宾语表示数量、质量、大小、程度时，不能用被动语态。 The jade weighs one ton.这块玉石重1吨。 提示：在以下句型中，用主动语态来表示被动含义： （1）主语+be worth+doing sth. The novel is well worth reading.这篇小说很值得一读。 （2）主语+have/get+sth./sb.+done I had my watch stolen.我的手表被偷了。 （3）主语+want/need/require+doing sth. The room needs cleaning.这间屋子需要打扫。 （4）主语+be+under/in+抽象名词 The car is in repair.那辆车正在修理。 重点用法⑥ 被动语态与系表结构的区别 用法：1.被动语态表示动作；作表语的过去分词表示状态。 The store is closed at five p.m. 表动作，是被动语态 这个商店下午5点钟关门。 The store is closed.这个商店关门了。 表状态，是系表结构 2.过去分词作表语，不能跟“by+名词（动作发出者）”结构，但常可以与其他介词短语连用。 I am not satisfied with her work. 系表结构 我对她的工作不满意。 He seemed worried about her health. 系表结构 他似乎很担心她的身体健康。 初中试题 1. （2024·安徽·统考中考真题）The 2024 Paris Olympic Games ________ this July. Don’t miss it. A. holds B. will hold C. is held D. will be held 【答案】D 【解析】句意：2024年巴黎奥运会将于今年7月举行。不要错过。 考查被动语态。主语Olympic Games和动词hold“举行”之间是被动关系，结合“this July.”和“The 2024”可知，应用一般将来时的被动语态will be done，故选D。 2.（2024·甘肃省临夏州·中考真题） Many trees ________ every year to protect the environment. A. plant B. are planted C. were planted D. have planted 【答案】B 【解析】句意：为了保护环境，每年都要种很多树。 考查被动语态。分析题干可知，主语trees和动词plant“种植”之间是被动关系，结合“every year”可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 3. （2024·河北·统考中考真题）Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A. reads B. read C. is read D. was read 【答案】D 【解析】句意：当艾玛的作品在课堂上被当作模范朗读时，她很兴奋。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“Emma got excited”可知，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态were/was done。故选D。 4. （2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year. A. is made; sent B. made; sent C. made; is sent 【答案】C 【解析】句意：中国产的茶叶每年运往许多不同的国家和地方。 考查被动语态和过去分词用法。tea与send之间是动宾关系，用被动语态，is sent。此处用make的过去分词made作后置定语，修饰tea。故选C。 5. （2024·江苏省连云港市·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 【答案】D 【解析】句意：2023年亚运会期间，机器狗首次被用作志愿者。 考查时态和语态。主语Robot dogs和谓语use之间是被动关系，根据“during the 2023 Asian Games.”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。 高中试题 1. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes (offer) in smaller packs. 【答案】be offered 【解析】考查谓语动词-被动语态（含情态动词） 2. Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【答案】be employed 【解析】考查谓语动词-被动时态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。从句主语a simple literal form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 3.Having visited several times over the last 10 years, (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage（遗产）while constantly growing. 【答案】was amazed 【解析】考查谓语动词-时态语态-一般过去时的被动。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 4.The GPNP (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 【答案】is designed 【解析】考查谓语动词-时态语态主谓一致-一般现在时的被动语态的单三形式。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。文体句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。 5.But how can a painting (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? 【答案】be appreciated 【解析】考查谓语动词-含情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。 故填be appreciated。 6.It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 【答案】was built 【解析】考查谓语动词-时态语态-一般过去时的被动。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。build和主语it之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，应用一般过去时。故填was built。 7.BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy. 【答案】is considered 【解析】考查谓语动词-时态语态主谓一致-一般现在时的被动语态的单三形式。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。文体句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（a BMI）是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和consider是表被动关系，故填is considered。 8. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. 【答案】was painted 【解析】考查谓语动词-时态语态主谓一致-一般过去时的被动的单三形式。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成了白色。文体句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被粉刷”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。 9.Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon (construct)". 【答案】is constructed 【解析】考查谓语动词-时态语态主谓一致-一般现在时的被动语态的单三形式。句意同上。文体句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。 10.The artist was sure he would (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 【答案】be chosen 【解析】考查谓语动词-被动语态（含情态动词）。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。 11.The parts of a museum open to the public （call）galleries or rooms. 【答案】are called 【解析】考查谓语动词-时态语态-一般现在时的被动语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。 12. Readers （encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume. 【答案】are encouraged 【解析】考查谓语动词-时态语态-一般现在时的被动语态。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语Readers与encourage之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填are encouraged。 13.Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they (throw) away. 【答案】are thrown 【解析】考查谓语动词-时态语态-一般现在时的被动。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语they（Single-use plastic bags ）和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。 14.The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes older than before. 【答案】compared 【解析】考查谓语动词-被动语态。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。短语be compared to“与……相比；与某事相提并论”，故填compared。 15.However, greater attention should (place)on longevity(长寿). 【答案】be placed 【解析】考查谓语动词-被动语态（含情态动词）。句意：然而，更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且should后跟动词原形，故填be placed。 16.And，as more children were born，more food （need）. 【答案】was needed 【解析】考查谓语动词-时态语态-一般过去时的被动。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。文体句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。 17.On the last day of our week-long stay，we （invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 【答案】were invited 【解析】考查谓语动词-时态语态-一般过去时的被动语态。句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。 18.When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. 【答案】are removed 【解析】考查考查谓语动词-时态语态-一般现在时的被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。 19.Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 【答案】has been told/was told 【解析】考查谓语动词-时态语态-一般过去时/现在完成时的被动。句意：莎拉被告知她将成为英国新的超级名模，并在明年赚到100万美元。空处需填动词作谓语，Sarah和tell为被动关系，需用被动语态，结合语境可知，此处可用一般过去时或者现在完成时，主语为Sarah，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has been told/was told。 20.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden 【答案】swept 【解析】考查谓语动词-被动语态。句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能和一堆厨房垃圾被扫到花园中。由语境可知，戒指是被扫到花园中，got在此是系动词。故填swept。 ( 谓语动词综合训练 ) 初中试题 1. （2024·安徽·统考中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. A. leave B. have left C. will leave D. was leaving 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——对不起，我可以用一下你的字典吗？我把我的落下了。——当然。给你。 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，字典落下了，所以借用对方的，强调过去的动作对现在造成了影响，应为现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 2. （2024·福建·统考中考真题）When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he ________ an old man cross the road. A. helps B. was helping C. will help 【答案】B 【解析】句意：昨天我看见小王时，他正帮助一位老人过马路。 考查过去进行时。根据“When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he ... an old man cross the road.”可知，强调在过去某个时间点，正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选B。 3. （2024·福建·统考中考真题）The photos are beautiful. I wonder where they ________. A. will be taken B. are taking C. were taken 【答案】C 【解析】句意：照片很漂亮。我想知道它们被带到哪里去了。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 4. （2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Tom ________ the dog at the moment. A. is walking B. walks C. has walked D. walked 【答案】A 【解析】句意：汤姆此刻正在遛狗。 考查现在进行时。根据“at the moment”可知，强调动作正在发生，用现在进行时。故选A。 5. （2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）—Oh, no! Your brother left his umbrella at home. There ________ heavy rain this afternoon. —Don’t worry, Mom. I’ll bring it to him. A. was B. has been C. are D. will be 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——哦，不！你哥哥把伞忘在家里了。今天下午会有大雨。——别担心，妈妈。我会拿给他的。考查动词时态。根据“this afternoon”可知是一般将来时，故选D。 6. （2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Linda prefers musicians who ________ different kinds of music. A. play B. plays C. was playing D. is playing 【答案】A 【解析】句意：琳达更喜欢能演奏不同种类音乐的音乐家。 考查动词时态。根据“Linda prefers musicians who…”可知，时态为一般现在时；关系代词who代替先行词musicians，在从句中作主语，谓语动词应使用动词原形。故选A。 7. （2024·甘肃省临夏州·中考真题）Mr. Green ________ China for five years. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has come to 【答案】C 【解析】句意：格林先生在中国已经五年了。 考查现在完成时。has been to去过，是短暂性动词；has gone to去了，是短暂性动词；has been in在，是延续性动词；has come to已经来到，是短暂性动词。此处与“for five years”连用，故用延续性动词或者表示延续性状态的短语，故选C。 8. （2024·广西·统考中考真题）Listen! The birds ________ in the tree now. A. sing B. sang C. are singing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：听！鸟儿正在树上唱歌。 考查动词时态。根据“Listen!”可知，时态是现在进行时，结构为：am/is/are doing。故选C。 9. （2024·河北·统考中考真题）Jenny is an early bird. She ________ at 6:00 in the morning. A. gets up B. got up C. will get up D. has got up 【答案】A 【解析】句意：珍妮是个早起的人。她早上6点起床。 考查时态。根据“She ... at 6:00 in the morning.”可知，强调经常性动作，用一般现在时，故选A。 10. （2024·河北·统考中考真题）I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I ________ later. A. order B. ordered C. was ordering D. will order 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我在等一个朋友。恐怕我要晚点点餐。 考查时态。根据“I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I ... later.”可知，在等朋友，所以要晚点点餐，用一般将来时will do，故选D。 高中试题 一.单句语法填空： 1.After that, there were lots of performances not only in folk places, but also in the palace, which ___________ (promote) Beijing Opera’s development. 2.The bridge ___________ (call) the Bach Long suspension bridge. It means “White Dragon” in Vietnamese. 3.When Zhang Han set foot inside Liangzhu Museum, the 10-year-old embarked on a tour that took him back more than 5,000 years. Wearing the smart glasses, Zhang ___________ (present) with virtual images of relics. 4. Pierre Coubertin, a Frenchman, ___________ (found) the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894. 5.With the Chinese government further encouraging consumer willingness to spend, economic recovery and growth ___________ (expect) to continue in the foreseeable future. 6.The Mengtian lab module successfully ___________ (join) the Tianhe core module and the Wentian lab module at China’s space station Tiangong on the early morning of Tuesday. 7.He raised a glass of water and asked the audience, “How heavy do you think this glass of water is?” The students’ answers ___________ (range) from 20g to 500g. 8.By the end of 2021, it ___________ (complete) the digital collection of 268 grottoes, the image processing of 164 grottoes, and so on. 9.In recent years, the World Health Organization ___________ (recognize) the importance of Traditional Chinese medicine, especially in combination with Western medicine. 10.People ___________ (carry) on traditional festivals and customs here for hundreds of years up to now. 11.Because of its size, and the fact that it ___________ (place) on a steep hillside, diners can take up to 30 minutes from the parking lot at the bottom of the hill to one of the 888 tables available. 12.Some students ___________ (ask) to cooperate with parents to decorate their homes with New Year paintings. 13.During the live broadcast of the opening match between Qatar and Ecuador, a teenage boy in the audience wearing a kaffiyeh (头巾), a traditional headdress for men in Qatar, ___________ (grab) people’s attention by making dramatic facial expressions showing his unhappiness about his team’s performance — The Qatari team ultimately lost the match. 14.The crosstalk realizes its artistic presentation by means of imitation, talking, teasing, and singing. The jokes ___________ (hide) in the baofu, or “package”. 15.During Chinese Lunar New Year, over 20 traditional performances ___________ (hold), including the dragon dance and suona horn show. 1. promoted 考查动词时态。句意：从那以后，不仅在民间，而且在宫殿里也有很多表演，这促进了京剧的发展。这里为定语从句的谓语动词，根据上下文可知，从句时态为一般过去时。故填promoted。 2. is called 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这座桥被称为巴克隆悬索桥。陈述客观情况，用一般现在时，call与主语The bridge之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，助动词用is。故填is called。 3. was presented 考查动词时态和语态。句意：戴着智能眼镜，张看到了文物的虚拟图像。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据语境可知，句子为一般过去时态，主语和谓语之间为被动关系，故空处为一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为单数。故填was presented。 4. founded 考查时态。句意：法国人皮埃尔·顾拜旦于1894年创立了国际奥委会(IOC)。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in 1894可知应用一般过去时，故填founded。 5. are expected 考查动词时态和语态。句意：随着中国政府进一步鼓励消费者的消费意愿，在可预见的未来，中国经济有望继续复苏和增长。短语be expected to do sth.表示“有望……”，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为economic recovery and growth，谓语用复数。故填are expected。 6. joined 考查动词时态。句意：周二凌晨，梦天实验舱在天宫空间站成功与天和核心舱和天问实验舱对接。根据时间状语on the early morning of Tuesday可知，谓语动词join用一般过去时。故填joined。 7. ranged 考查动词时态。句意：学生们的回答从20克到500克不等。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，结合上下文时态可知，陈述过去所发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填ranged。 8. had completed 考查动词时态。句意：截至2021年底，已完成268座石窟的数字化采集、164座石窟图像处理等工作。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语“By the end of 2021”可知，句子为过去完成时态。故填had completed。 9. has recognized 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，世界卫生组织已经认识到中医的重要性，特别是与西医结合。分析句子你结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以recognize作本句谓语，根据时间状语In recent years可知，用现在完成时，主语是the World Health Organization为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填has recognized。 10. have carried 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：几百年来，这里的传统节日和习俗一直延续至今。空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为for hundreds of years up to now，应用现在完成时，主语People是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。故填have carried。 11. is placed 考查一般现在时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：由于它的规模，加上它坐落在陡峭的山坡上，食客们从山脚下的停车场出发，最多需要30分钟才能到达888张可用桌子中的一张。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。动词place意为“放置”，和主语构成被动关系。主语it为第三人称单数。故填is placed。 12. were asked 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：一些学生被要求与家长合作，用新年绘画装饰他们的家。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上文 assigned可知，此处应用一般过去时态。主语Some students与动词ask是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填were asked。 13. grabbed 考查动词时态。句意：在卡塔尔对厄瓜多尔的揭幕战现场直播中，一名戴着卡塔尔传统男子头饰“kafiya”的少年在观众中做出对球队表现（卡塔尔队输掉了比赛）不满的夸张表情，引起了人们的关注。During the live broadcast 表示过去的时间，空格处是谓语，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，故填grabbed。 14. are hidden 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这些笑话都藏在“包袱”里。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为jokes，谓语用复数。故填are hidden。 15. are held 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在中国农历新年期间，这里举行20多种传统表演，包括舞龙和唢呐表演。空处作句子的谓语，句子描述的是现在的规律性的事件，应用一般现在时，performances和hold之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，且performances为复数，be动词用are。故填are held。 二．语篇填空 China 1 (publish) a white paper on its aerospace activities, 2 (illustrate) the development of the country’s space industry over the past five years and its future plan for the next five years. This paper, issued by the State Council, 3 (note) that a key principle underlying the development of its space industry 4 (be) that it is “a strategic way to enhance its economic, scientific, technological, and national defence strength, as well as a cohesive force for the unity of the Chinese people.” Since 2006, the “Long March” rocket series 5 (complete) 67 launch missions and has sent 79 spacecraft into orbit, showing its reliability. On September 25, 2008, China 6 (send) three men to space in one ship, and two of the astronauts exited the Shenzhou 7 capsule briefly on September 27 for China’s first-ever spacewalk. Then in November 2011, China granted a batch of patents on the docking technology 7 (use) in space modules Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-8. The move consolidated China’s intellectual property rights over the technology, as they become the third country in the world to master orbital space docking. China’s participation in international space cooperation 8 (start) in the mid-1970s. Over the last two decades or so, China 9 (join) bilateral, regional, multilateral and international space cooperation in different forms, such as a commercial launching service, which 10 (yield) extensive achievements. 1. has published 2. illustrating 3. notes 4. is 5. has completed 6. sent 7. used 8. started 9. has joined 10. have yielded 【导语】本文阐述了中国在过去五年以及下一个五年的航天计划。始于七十年代中期的中国航天，成为世界上第三个掌握轨道空间对接技术的国家。 1. 考查动词时态。根据句子结构分析，句中有时间状语over the past five years，表时间段的状语常常和完成时态连用。故填has published。 2. 考查现在分词。句意：中国发表了航天活动白皮书，介绍了过去五年中国航天工业的发展情况和未来五年的规划。根据句子结构来看，这里用现在分词做后置定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句which illustrates，说明白皮书的内容。故填illustrating。 3. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构来判断，句子主语是this paper，单数名词。另外根据上下文的时态来判断，这里应该用现在时态。故填notes。 4. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构来判断，宾语从句中，句子主语是a key principle，单数名词。另外根据上下文的时态来判断，这里应该用现在时态。故填is。 5. 考查动词时态。根据句子结构分析，句中有时间状语Since 2006，“since + 时间点 / 段”状语常常和完成时态连用。句子后面的has sent 79 spacecraft，也可以作为提示。故填has published。 6. 考查动词时态。根据句子结构分析，句中有时间状语On September 25, 2008，这是一个表示过去时间的状语，常常和一般过去时态连用。故填sent。 7. 考查过去分词。句意：然后在2011年11月，中国授予了天宫一号和神舟八号空间舱对接技术的一批专利。根据句子结构来看，这里用过去分词做后置定语，相当于一个限制性定语从句which is used，说明用于天宫一号和神舟八号空间舱对接技术的一批专利。故填used。 8. 考查动词时态。句意：中国参与国际空间合作始于20世纪70年代中期。根据句子结构分析，句中有时间状语in the mid-1970s，这是一个表示过去时间的状语，常常和一般过去时态连用。故填started。 9. 考查动词时态。句意：二十多年来，中国以商业发射等多种形式参与了双边、区域、多边和国际空间合作，取得了广泛成果。根据句子结构分析，句中有时间状语Over the last two decades or so，表时间段的状语常常和完成时态连用。故填has joined。 10. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意同上。空前的which指代different forms，一个复数名词，谓语动词用复数。另外根据前面的时间状语来判断，这里应用完成时形式。故填have yielded。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 谓语动词 定义： 谓语动词是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”，其位置一般在主语之后. 分类： 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词词组构成，不论何种时态、语态、语气。例如：I like apples.（一般现在时主动语态）；She wrote a letter yesterday.（一般过去时主动语态） 复合谓语：可分为两种情况。第一种是由情态动词、助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成，例如：He can speak English.；You should do your homework. 第二种是由连系动词+表语构成，例如：The soup tastes delicious.；She looks happy. ( 高中动词时态解析 ) 动词的时态： 1. 动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下： 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成进行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking 一般现在时 表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或客观事实。常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用。例如：He goes to school by bus every day. 用法：1.be（am，is，are）动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。行为动词的第三人称单数加-s/es，其余人称用动词原形。 I am free tonight.我今晚有空。 Bill often helps others.We like him a lot.比尔总是帮助他人。我们很喜欢他。 2.表示经常、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。 It often rains in our city.我们的城市经常下雨。 3.表示普遍真理和客观真实。 The earth moves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 4.表示心理状态或情感的动词往往用一般现在时。 She hates rock music.她讨厌摇滚乐。 5.在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。 I will call on you as soon as I am free.我空闲时会去拜访你。 提示：一般现在时可以用来代替一般将来时，表示已经预先计划或安排的肯定将要发生的动作，句中常有表示将来时间的状语。这一用法主要用于下列动词，如果arrive（到达），be（是），begin（开始），come（来到），go（去），leave（离开），reach（到达），start（出发）等。 The train leaves at eight o’clock.火车8点钟开车。 初中试题 1.Don’t worry. Bill will help you look after your dog when you 　　　(be) away on business.  2.Grace　　　 (win)this game every time we play.  高中试题 1.The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 2.Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 3.As it (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream． 4.This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance. 5.Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food (play) a big role in his life. 6.Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 7.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). 8.While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 9.This isn't as hard as it (sound), and it is far better than any other method 10.Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school (come) first. 一般过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与yesterday, last week, ago等时间状语连用。例如：I visited my grandparents last weekend. 用法：1.be（was/were）动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。行为动词都要用过去式。 I was in Beijing last year.我去年在北京。 They visited the Great Wall yesterday.他们昨天去长城了。 2.表示过去某事件发生的动作或存在的状态。 My brother joined the army in 2000.我哥哥是2000年参的军。 The vase was broken just now.这只花瓶刚被打碎了。 3.句中虽没有明确地表示过去时间的状语，但实际上确实指过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态时，也要用一般过去时。 I thought your dog was dead.我以为你的狗死了。 4.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。 You often went climbing when you were a little boy.当你还是个小男孩时，常去爬山。 5.表示过去连续发生的动作。 She took off her coat and sat in the sofa.她脱了外套，坐在沙发上。 提示：如果要强调已经终止的习惯，要用used to do。 He used to smoke and drink.他过去经常抽烟喝酒。 I used to take a walk after supper.我过去总是在饭后散步。 初中试题 1.England started colonies(殖民地)later. After a few fights, they　　　(take)control of the land.  2.—How come you are late again? —I　　　because my alarm clock didn’t go off.(oversleep)  3.When I 　　　(arrive) at the hotel, it was midnight.  4.—There is someone knocking at the door. —It must be the computer repairman. I 　　　(call)him to come to fix my computer.  5.—Has Mary ever visited Tower Bridge? —Yes.She　　　 (visit)it two years ago.  高中试题 1.As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 2. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 3.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society (address) the opening ceremony. 4.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that (be)previously unprotected 5.He quickly (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 6.Eventually, the man (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 7.When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he (notice)her smile right away. ” 8.We 6_____ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 9.You can't help wondering how hard it (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 10.After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and (sell) most of their furniture. 一般将来时 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next week, in the future等时间状语连用。其表达结构有will/shall + 动词原形、be going to + 动词原形等。例如：She will go shopping tomorrow. 用法：1.由“am/is/are going to+动词原形”或“will/shall+动词原形”构成。 He’s going to see a film with his girlfriend.他要和他的女朋友去看电影。 We’ll have an examination tomorrow.我们明天有一个考试。 2.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 There will be a meeting tomorrow.明天有一个会议。 3.在主从复合句的主句中表示将来的动作或状态。 I will wait for you when I arrive there.我到那儿后会等着你。 提示：“be going to+动词原形”表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。“will/shall+动词原形”表示未经考虑的意图。 注意：“be to+动词原形”表示按安排、计划而且是在近期发生或必须要做的事情。“be about to+动词原形”表示马上、很快就要发生的动作，都可以用来表示一般将来时。 The children are to learn English next week.孩子们下周要去学英语。 The manager is about to arrive in Beijing.经理马上就要到达北京了。 初中试题 1.If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I 　　　 tickets for you tomorrow.  A.will book B.booked C.have booked D.was booking 2.—What is your plan for next weekend, Lingling? —I 　　　 volunteer work in the museum.  A.was doing B.did C.have done D.am going to do 3.We　　　a party for Kate. It’s supposed to be a surprise.  A.were having B.had C.will have D.have had 4.Michael　　　in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year.  A.teach B.taught C.will teach D.was teaching 5.Look on the bright side of life, and imagine that you 　　　 a happy and successful future.  A.had B.will have C.have D.have had 高中试题 一、填空题 1.If they come, we ________ (have) a meeting. 2.While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television _____(replace) the newspaper completely. 3.The time is not far away when mobile phones (become) widespread in China’s vast countryside. 4.Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots _____ (go) to become a lot more common in the next few years. 5.If you prove it is my fault, I _____(apology) for the failure of the experiment. 6.A new school ______ (build) in this area of our city next year. 7.In the near future, more advances in robot technology ________(make) by scientists. 8.The news that the winter Olympics _____ (held) in Beijing in 2022 excites Chinese people home and abroad. 9.These questions will _________ (analyse) in more detail in the next section of this report. 10.As you see in the advertisement, your room will _____(furnish) with a desk, a bed, and a computer. 现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。结构为am/is/are + 现在分词。例如：They are watching TV now. 用法：1.由“am/is/are+现在分词”构成。 the managers are having a meeting in Room 301.经理们正在301室开会。 2.表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。 He is writing a novel.他在写一部小说。 3.表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。 We are leaving for Taiwan tomorrow.我们正计划明天去台湾。 4.与always，forever等副词连用，用于表达说话人的厌烦、不满等强烈的感情。 She is always asking the question.她总是问这个问题。 My brother is always making the same mistake.我弟弟总是犯同样的错误。 提示：现在进行时表示暂时性的动作，一般现在时表示经常性的动作。 Where is he living?他（这几天/暂时/目前）住在哪儿？ Where does he live?他住在哪儿？ 初中试题 1.Research company Nielsen found that in the UK, sales of e-books are f　　　 while sales of paper books are rising.  2.Look! The boys are k　　　(踢) the ball around in the yard.  3.Please don’t make so much noise. The baby　　　(sleep)now.  5.—Mum,where is Dad? —He　　　 (plant)flowers in the garden now.  高中试题 1．The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers (repair) one of the main pipes. 2．She is one of the girls in our class who (train) for the coming sports meeting now. 3．— Do you want to go to the talk on recycling? — Great! I (look) for some information for my article on the topic. 4．Many experts say that The Scream indicates that Munch is (struggle) with his health problem. 5．Right now, the audience (clap) excitedly as the magician is pulling a rabbit from his hat. 6．Cursive(草书) (make) a comeback at present as states including New Hampshire, Utah and, most recently, California are embracing handwriting requirements in their educational standards. 7．“She is still (breathe)! Come and help me dig her out!” shouted the soldier. 8．人们普遍承认，一些古老的传统正经历困境。 It has been admitted that some old traditions are tough times. (go) 9．We (start) for Shanghai this afternoon. 10．They (leave) for a beach vacation tomorrow. They’ve already packed their swimsuits and sun hats. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。结构为was/were + 现在分词。例如：He was reading a book at 8 o'clock last night. 用法：1.由“was/were+现在分词”构成。 She was watching TV at seven last night.昨晚7点时她正在看电视。 2.表示过去某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 What was he doing at ten last night?昨晚10点他在干什么？ 3.用于时间状语从句中。 My other was cooking while I was doing my homework.我做作业时妈妈正在做饭。 4.表示过去将要发生的动作。 He said he was attending the meeting the next day.他说他第二天要参加那个会议。 提示：表示感觉、感官的动词（see，look，hear，notice等），表示态度和感情、心理的动词（like等）及表示存在、继续的动词（be等），以及have，belong表示“占有”时，不用进行时。如“他今天看起来不错”应译成He looks fine today.而不能译成He is looking fine today.又如“我们有台新电脑”应译成We have a new computer.而不能译成We are having a new computer. 初中试题 1.My mother　　　(cook)dinner when I got home yesterday.  2.I saw Jeff in the park.He　　　 (sit)on the grass and reading a book.  3.—Why did the car hit the boy? —Because the driver 　　　 (talk)on the phone at that time.  高中试题 1．— Did you catch what I said? — Sorry. I (answer) a text message just now. 2．—When did the computer crash? —This morning, while I (sort) the reading materials downloaded from some websites. 3．— I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. — I’m so sorry. But I (do) my homework. 4．Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 5．She (make) necklaces with the help of Anne when she noticed that she had made some mistakes. 6．He (draw) on the beach from 7 to 9 o’ clock yesterday morning. 7．When I arrived, he (lie) on the bed, fast asleep. 8．She warned her parents of the danger, though at first they just thought she (joke). 9．Women were (scream) because some of the houses nearest the bridge were on fire. 10．We were informed that the leaders (come) to our school soon. 11．I (chat) with my classmates when the teacher came into the classroom. 12．I (wander) along the pavement yesterday when some strangers came up and asked me the way to the police station. 现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与already, yet, just, ever, never等副词以及since, for等时间状语连用。结构为have/has + 过去分词。例如：I have finished my homework. 用法：1.由“has/have+过去分词”构成，第三人称单数用has，其他人称都用have。 Jack has taught English in our school for three years. 杰克在我们学校教英语已经3年了。 I have had a DVD for a week.我买DVD已经一周了。 2.表示“继续”，说明从过去某时开始的动作、状态一直延续到现在。 The weather has been cold so far this winter.今年冬天直到现在都很冷。 3.表示“经验”，说明过去开始的动作现在刚结束。表示“结果”时，说明过去动作的结果对现在仍有影响。 Someone has broken the windows of my house.有人把我房子的窗户打破了。 提示：有些只能表示短暂动作或位置移动的动词不能表示延续的动作或状态，因此它们不能和由since，for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词有arrive（到达），buy（购买），come（来），die（死亡），get up（起床），go（去），join（参加），leave（离开），open（打开）等。 注意：现在完成时常用的时间状语有： just刚刚 already已经 ever曾经 for a long time很长时间 never从未 for three months3个月之久 now现在 recently/lately近来 since自从 since 1991从1991年以来 since then其后 so far迄今为止 this week这周 till/up to now直到现在 today今天 yet仍然，已经 during the last two weeks在最近两个星期 in the past few days在最近几天 初中试题 1.She looked at me and said,“Oh, thank you very much, but someone 　　　(give) me food earlier and I’m quite full now.  2.You might be surprised to hear that the number of people sleeping rough(露宿)in London has doubled in the last five years and has i　　　 by 30% across the rest of the country during the last two years.  3.She 　　　(study) English in the school since she left her hometown.  4.My mother　　　(be)a good example for me since I was young.  5.It’s nice to see you again. We　　　(see)each other since 2014.  高中试题 1.Over the last two years, some supermarkets (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 2.Up to now, China (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 3.In the last five years. Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, 4.The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. 5.On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 6.It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. 7.There (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,_ 8.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 9.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I （make） over the years. 10. Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply. You probably (use) caffeine since childhood. 过去完成时 表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。常与by, before等介词短语或时间状语从句连用。结构为had + 过去分词。例如：By the time he got there, the train had left. 用法：1.由“had+过去分词”构成。 The film had already begun when we arrived.我们到的时候，电影已经开演了。 2.表示在过去的过去已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。 By the end of last month,Jack had learned skating for five months. 到上个月末，杰克已经学滑冰5个月了。 3.与when，before，till等引导的时间状语从句连用，强调动作发生时间的前后。 She had already cleaned the house before her parents came back. 她父母回来之前，她已经打扫了房间。 4.用于间接引语或宾语从句中。 He said he had read the book twice.他说这本书他已经读了两遍了。 提示：过去完成时还可表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。主要用于下列动词：expect，suppose，hope，intend，mean，think等。 We had hoped to catch the 8:30 train,but found it was gone. 我们本来希望赶8：30的火车，却发现它已经开走了。 注意：过去完成时常用的时间状语有： just刚刚 already已经 ever曾经 yet仍然 by then截止到那时 by nine o’clock直到9点 up till then直到那时 up till last night直到昨晚 by the end of...到……末 by the time...在……时之前 高中试题 1．The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he (meet) some European business partners. 2．Before humans arrived on the island, the species (live) in isolation and eaten the plants that naturally grew there. 3．I (intend) to see you yesterday, but I had an important meeting to attend. 昨天我本打算去看望你的，但我有一个重要会议需要参加。 4．It was the second time that she (find) the tracks of the wild man. 5．We scarcely/hardly (leave) the house when it began to rain. 6．You told me you (deal) with these letters. Why are they still here? 7．Sometimes I had the uncomfortable feeling that this little machine (take) up too much of my time, and that I could have done something more meaningful than just looking at a tiny screen all day. 8．Take, for example, famous football game on Christmas Day 1914. World War I (break) out months before. 9．In order to hide his sadness, he talked and laughed as if nothing (happen). 10．After peaking in 2019, the museum’s visitor numbers (decline) to pre-2015 levels by 2023, according to the annual report. 6. 常见句式的固定时态 Hardly/rarely/scarcely…when…, No sooner…than… 刚…就…:主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时 I had scarcely sat down to eat when the phone rang. No sooner had I started my lesson than I found the class was over. This / It is the first / second…time + that “这、那是第几次…”从句一般用完成时 This is the first time I have come here. It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. It is / has been + 一段时间 + since 从句 “自从… 以来多长时间了”：主句为现在完成或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时；主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。 It’s/has been 10 years since we met last time. It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. It + be + 一段时间 + before 从句 “经过多长时间后才…”：主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来时；主句用过去时，从句也用过去时 It will be 3 weeks before she’s able to walk again. It was half an hour before the policemen arrived. By the time +从句 +主句 “到…时候为止”：从句为一般现在时，主句用将来完成时；从句为一般过去时，主句用过去完成时 By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for London to attend a meeting. By the time we got to the station, the train had left. ( 高中动词语态解析 ) 语态： 分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例如：He wrote a letter.（主动语态）；The letter was written by him.（被动语态）。被动语态的基本结构为be + 过去分词，不同时态的被动语态形式不同，如一般现在时的被动语态是am/is/are + 过去分词，一般过去时的被动语态是was/were + 过去分词等. 常用被动语态 构成 常用被动语态 构成 1 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 6 过去进行时 was/were being asked 2 一般过去时 was/were asked 7 现在完成时 have/has been asked 3 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 8 过去完成时 had been asked 4 过去将来时 should/would be asked 9 将来完成时 will/would have been asked 5 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 10 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked 用法： 1.及物动词构成的被动语态a.有一个宾语的句子 （1）主动句：主语+谓语+宾语 （2）被动句：主语+be+过去分词+by+原主格（宾格） 2.及物动词构成的被动语态b.有双宾语的句子 （1）主动句：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 （2）被动句1：主语（原间接宾语）+be+过去分词+原直接宾语+by+原主语（宾格） （3）被动句2：主语（原直接宾语）+be+过去分词+原间接宾语+by+原主语（宾格） I have asked Joe the question.我已经问乔这个问题了。 →Joe has been asked the question(by me). 间接宾语Joe作主语 乔被（我）问了这个问题。 →The question has been asked(of)Joe(by me). 直接宾语the question作主语 这个问题我问乔了。 3.及物动词构成的被动语态c.有宾语补足语的句子 （1）主动句：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 （2）被动句：主语+be+过去分词+宾语补足语+by+原主语（宾语） They will make Beijing more beautiful.他们将会把北京建设得更美丽。 →Beijing will be made more beautiful(by them).北京将会被（他们）建设得更美丽。 4.短语动词构成的被动语态 （1）主动句：主语+不及物动词+介词/副词+宾语 （2）被动句：主语+be+过去分词+介词/副词+by+原主语（宾格） She looks after her grandmother.她照顾她的奶奶。 →Her grandmother is looked after(by her). 介词after不可去掉 她的奶奶被（她）照顾。 5.情态动词构成的被动语态 （1）主动句：主语+情态动词+动词原形+宾语 （2）被动句：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+by+原主格（宾语） We can easily download new books from the Internet. 我们可以很容易地从互联网上下载新书。 →New books can be easily downloaded from the Internet(by us). 新书可以很容易地（被我们）从互联网上下载。 6.祈使句的被动语态（当主动句为肯定祈使句时） （1）主动句：动词原形+宾语 （2）被动句：Let+原宾语+be+过去分词 Empty the rubbish bin at once! →Let the rubbish bin be emptied at once!立刻清空垃圾箱！ 被动语态的注意事项 1.不愿说出动作的执行者或需强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。 The toys are intended for children aged six and up.那些玩具是为6岁及6岁以上儿童设计的。 2.当宾语是反身代词、相互代词、不定式或动名词时，不能用被动语态。 The girl found herself in the valley.小女孩忽然发现自己已经置身山谷中了。 3.当谓语是表状态、结果的及物动词时，不能用被动语态。 Does the pair of shoes suit you?那双鞋子你穿着合适吗？ 4.当宾语表示数量、质量、大小、程度时，不能用被动语态。 The jade weighs one ton.这块玉石重1吨。 提示：在以下句型中，用主动语态来表示被动含义： （1）主语+be worth+doing sth. The novel is well worth reading.这篇小说很值得一读。 （2）主语+have/get+sth./sb.+done I had my watch stolen.我的手表被偷了。 （3）主语+want/need/require+doing sth. The room needs cleaning.这间屋子需要打扫。 （4）主语+be+under/in+抽象名词 The car is in repair.那辆车正在修理。 重点用法⑥ 被动语态与系表结构的区别 用法：1.被动语态表示动作；作表语的过去分词表示状态。 The store is closed at five p.m. 表动作，是被动语态 这个商店下午5点钟关门。 The store is closed.这个商店关门了。 表状态，是系表结构 2.过去分词作表语，不能跟“by+名词（动作发出者）”结构，但常可以与其他介词短语连用。 I am not satisfied with her work. 系表结构 我对她的工作不满意。 He seemed worried about her health. 系表结构 他似乎很担心她的身体健康。 初中试题 1. （2024·安徽·统考中考真题）The 2024 Paris Olympic Games ________ this July. Don’t miss it. A. holds B. will hold C. is held D. will be held 2.（2024·甘肃省临夏州·中考真题） Many trees ________ every year to protect the environment. A. plant B. are planted C. were planted D. have planted 3. （2024·河北·统考中考真题）Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A. reads B. read C. is read D. was read 4. （2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year. A. is made; sent B. made; sent C. made; is sent 5. （2024·江苏省连云港市·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 高中试题 1. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes (offer) in smaller packs. 2. Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 3.Having visited several times over the last 10 years, (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage（遗产）while constantly growing. 4.The GPNP (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 5.But how can a painting (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? 6.It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 7.BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy. 8. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. 9.Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon (construct)". 10.The artist was sure he would (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 11.The parts of a museum open to the public （call）galleries or rooms. 12. Readers （encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume. 13.Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they (throw) away. 14.The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes older than before. 15.However, greater attention should (place)on longevity(长寿). 16.And，as more children were born，more food （need）. 17.On the last day of our week-long stay，we （invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 18.When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. 19.Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 20.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden ( 谓语动词综合训练 ) 初中试题 1. （2024·安徽·统考中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. A. leave B. have left C. will leave D. was leaving 2. （2024·福建·统考中考真题）When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he ________ an old man cross the road. A. helps B. was helping C. will help 3. （2024·福建·统考中考真题）The photos are beautiful. I wonder where they ________. A. will be taken B. are taking C. were taken 4. （2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Tom ________ the dog at the moment. A. is walking B. walks C. has walked D. walked 5. （2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）—Oh, no! Your brother left his umbrella at home. There ________ heavy rain this afternoon. —Don’t worry, Mom. I’ll bring it to him. A. was B. has been C. are D. will be 6. （2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Linda prefers musicians who ________ different kinds of music. A. play B. plays C. was playing D. is playing 7. （2024·甘肃省临夏州·中考真题）Mr. Green ________ China for five years. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has come to 8. （2024·广西·统考中考真题）Listen! The birds ________ in the tree now. A. sing B. sang C. are singing 9. （2024·河北·统考中考真题）Jenny is an early bird. She ________ at 6:00 in the morning. A. gets up B. got up C. will get up D. has got up 10. （2024·河北·统考中考真题）I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I ________ later. A. order B. ordered C. was ordering D. will order 高中试题 一.单句语法填空： 1.After that, there were lots of performances not only in folk places, but also in the palace, which ___________ (promote) Beijing Opera’s development. 2.The bridge ___________ (call) the Bach Long suspension bridge. It means “White Dragon” in Vietnamese. 3.When Zhang Han set foot inside Liangzhu Museum, the 10-year-old embarked on a tour that took him back more than 5,000 years. Wearing the smart glasses, Zhang ___________ (present) with virtual images of relics. 4. Pierre Coubertin, a Frenchman, ___________ (found) the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894. 5.With the Chinese government further encouraging consumer willingness to spend, economic recovery and growth ___________ (expect) to continue in the foreseeable future. 6.The Mengtian lab module successfully ___________ (join) the Tianhe core module and the Wentian lab module at China’s space station Tiangong on the early morning of Tuesday. 7.He raised a glass of water and asked the audience, “How heavy do you think this glass of water is?” The students’ answers ___________ (range) from 20g to 500g. 8.By the end of 2021, it ___________ (complete) the digital collection of 268 grottoes, the image processing of 164 grottoes, and so on. 9.In recent years, the World Health Organization ___________ (recognize) the importance of Traditional Chinese medicine, especially in combination with Western medicine. 10.People ___________ (carry) on traditional festivals and customs here for hundreds of years up to now. 11.Because of its size, and the fact that it ___________ (place) on a steep hillside, diners can take up to 30 minutes from the parking lot at the bottom of the hill to one of the 888 tables available. 12.Some students ___________ (ask) to cooperate with parents to decorate their homes with New Year paintings. 13.During the live broadcast of the opening match between Qatar and Ecuador, a teenage boy in the audience wearing a kaffiyeh (头巾), a traditional headdress for men in Qatar, ___________ (grab) people’s attention by making dramatic facial expressions showing his unhappiness about his team’s performance — The Qatari team ultimately lost the match. 14.The crosstalk realizes its artistic presentation by means of imitation, talking, teasing, and singing. The jokes ___________ (hide) in the baofu, or “package”. 15.During Chinese Lunar New Year, over 20 traditional performances ___________ (hold), including the dragon dance and suona horn show. 二．语篇填空 China 1 (publish) a white paper on its aerospace activities, 2 (illustrate) the development of the country’s space industry over the past five years and its future plan for the next five years. This paper, issued by the State Council, 3 (note) that a key principle underlying the development of its space industry 4 (be) that it is “a strategic way to enhance its economic, scientific, technological, and national defence strength, as well as a cohesive force for the unity of the Chinese people.” Since 2006, the “Long March” rocket series 5 (complete) 67 launch missions and has sent 79 spacecraft into orbit, showing its reliability. On September 25, 2008, China 6 (send) three men to space in one ship, and two of the astronauts exited the Shenzhou 7 capsule briefly on September 27 for China’s first-ever spacewalk. Then in November 2011, China granted a batch of patents on the docking technology 7 (use) in space modules Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-8. The move consolidated China’s intellectual property rights over the technology, as they become the third country in the world to master orbital space docking. China’s participation in international space cooperation 8 (start) in the mid-1970s. Over the last two decades or so, China 9 (join) bilateral, regional, multilateral and international space cooperation in different forms, such as a commercial launching service, which 10 (yield) extensive achievements. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$