课时作业(15) Unit 4 Space Exploration-【金榜题名】2026年高考英语一轮总复习课时作业

8.has failed考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这些呼吁是在《环球时： 5.A推理判断题。报据文章第一段前两句“Moon dust is the 报》发表的一篇文章之后发出的，该文章称“世界知名的大英博 absolute worst.Not only does electrostatics (cause it to 物馆多年来未能妥善保管·属于其他国家的文化财产·，”分析句 stick to virtually everything.but it also has the consistency and 子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合时间秋语up to these years可 feel of finely ground fiberglass.(月球尘埃绝对是最精糕的。静 知，时态应用现在完成时，强调动作对现在的影响，主语T 电不仅使它能粘在几平所有东西上，而且它还具有盘细的玻病 world-renowned British museum为单数，助动词应用has。故填 针雏的一致性和触感。)”可知，作者在第一段提到“阿波罗”是为 has failed 了证明月球尘埃是件很头疼的事。故速A。 9,collections考查名词的数。句意：它是西方最大的中国文物收 6.B词句猜测题，根据文章第二较最后一句中的“a liquid 藏之一，根据“one of the largest'”可推知，此处用固定结构“one nitrogen spray (typically around-320 F)comes into contact with ofte十形容词最高级十可数名词复数”，意为“最…的之一”。 surface's relatively warmer lunar dust coating(液氯喷雾（通常 因此空处应用collection的复数形式。故填collections。 在-320华氏度左右)与月球表面相对温暖的尘埃涂层接触)”和 10,n考查固定短语。句意：收藏品包括格绘画、版画、玉器和青铜 "turn into things like drops and float away on the nitrogen vapors 器等大量珍贵物品，根据“large range of precious items'”可知， (变成水滴一样的东西，漂浮在氨蒸气上)”可知，此处是指把月 此处用国定短语a large range of,意为“大规模的，大量的”，因 球表面的尘埃变成水滴一样的东西，漂浮在惫蒸气上，所以 此空处应用ǖ。故填。 particles是指"月球尘埃”。故选B. 7.D如节理解题。根据第三段最后三句“Not only did the liquid 课时作业（十五）Unit4 Space Exploration nitrogen spray perform better in the latter circumstances.but I,阅读理解 also it only resulted in minimal damage to the spacesuit material. A★ In past lunar missions,astronauts'specialized brushes for the 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就明了AstroAcces等%组 moon dust task often caused damage to spacesuits after a single 织参与者进行失重体脸，腰部瘼的Mazyck就是其中一名参与 use.In comparison,the liquid nitrogen spray took 75 uses before 者，AstroAccess正在努力使所有人都能进入太空。 similar issues occurred.(液急墳雾不仅在后一种情况下表现更 L.B细节理解题。根据第二段“Mazyck was one of12 participants 好，而且只对航天服材料造成最小的揽坏。在过去的月球任务 中，宇航员专门用于清除月球尘埃的刷子在一次使用后经常会 in a Zero G flight,organized by the group AstroAccess.This type of flight recreates the weightlessness that astronauts experience 损坏宇航服。相比之下，液氨喷雾在出现类似问题之前使用了 75次。)”可知，研究小组发现液氮喷雾与刷子相比能更好地保护 without going all the way to space,.(Mazyck是由AstroAccess纽 宇航服。故选D 织的套重力飞行的12名参与者之一。这种类型的飞行重现了 在没有进入太空的情况下宇航员所经历的失重状态，)”可知， 8,D推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Going forward,the AstroAccess提供失重体验。故选B. team hopes to further research the complexity that makes the 2.D细节理解题，根据倒数第二段“During the flight,she says, cleaning process so effective,as well as secure funding to construct testing rooms more closely resembling the lunar the participants did experiments and made observations..(地说，在 surface's gravity,(展望未来，滚团队希望进一步研究使清洁过程 飞行过程中，参与者做了实验和观察)”可知，参与者的飞行要求 如此有效的复杂性，并莪得资金来建造更接近月球表面重力的 是试验和观察。故选D。 试脸室，)”可知，喷雾的后续研究可能集中在高效清洁的原图 3.C推理判断题。根据第三较“·The flight was something that I 上。故选D would have never in my wildest dreams thought I would've C★ experienced,'she says,especially the floating,the 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了加州理工学院 weightlessness..'(地说：·这次飞行是我做梦也想不到自己会经 (Caltech)的科学家正在探索从太空中收集阳光并将其能量发送回 历的事情，尤其是漂浮和失重的感觉.)”以及倒数第三段 地球的想法，他们为北创造了一个特殊工具MAPLE,并解释了 "Space removes the barriers between people:now is the time to MAPLE如何通过拉制微波的时机来聚焦能量。 remove the barriers to space itself.'says Mazyek.'It is sending g.B知节理解题。根据第二段"Caltech's scientists have created a a message to people who have historically been excluded from special tool for this project.They call it MAPLE.MAPLE and STEM that not only is there room for you in space,there is a two other devices are part of a project that was sent into space in need for you.'(·太空消除了人与人之问的障碍：现在是时辏消 January.2023.MAPLE's job is to test the idea of sending energy 除太空本身的障碍了，Mazyck说，·这向那些历史上被德除在 wirelessly from space to Earth.We're used to using wires to move STEM之外的人发出了一个信息，那就是太空不仅有你的空间， eleetrical energy from one place to another.But sending energy 还有你的需求。’)”可推知，Mazyck勇敢乐观。故选C。 without wires is a lot trickier,(加州理工学院的科学家们为这个 4.C主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Now is the time to make space 项目创造了一个特殊的工具。他们称之为MAPLE。MAPLE accessible-before space tourism or space settlements become 和另外两个设备是2023年1月送入太空的一个项目的一部分， commonplace.'I am so proud and elated about what's happening MAPLE的任务是测试从太空向地球无线发送能量的想法。我 here,'Mazyek adds.'We are paving the way for the future.' 们习惯于用电线把电能从一个地方传输到另一个地方。但是在 太空旅游或太空定居变得司空见惯之前，现在是时候让太空变 没有电线的情况下传输能量要辣手得多)”可知，MAPLE的挑战 得触手可及了。·我为这里发生的一切感到骄馓和高兴，’马齐 是无线能量传輸。故选B项。 克补充道。·我们正在为未来铺平道路。”)”结合文章主要说明 lO.C轴节理解题。根据第三段“The Caltech team has found a 了As1 roAccess组织参与者进行失重体验.，腰部旋的Mazy心k way to control the timing of lots of microwaves so that they can 就是其中一名参与者。AstroAccess正在努力使所有人都能进 combine their power,and focus the energy in one direction.It's 入太空。可知，C遍项“让太空成为每个人的地方”最适合作为文 little like using a magnifying(放大的)glass to focus sunlight 章标题。故选C。 into a small,hot point of light,(加州理工学院的研究小组已经 B★ 找到了一种方法来控制大量衢波的时间，这祥它们就可以结合 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。月球尘埃造成的问题十分让人头 它们的能量，并将能量集中在一个方向上，这有点像用放大镜 疼，华盛顿州立大学的一个大学生团队刚附开发了一种解决月球 把太阳光聚焦成一个小的热点)”可知，加州理工学院的田队通 尘埃的方法一向月球尘埃喷酒液氨。文章对此进行了介绍。 过控制微波的时间来集中太阳能。故选C项 666 11.D节理解题。根据最后一段“Dr,Hajimiri,one of the project's leaders,thinks that one day.the system could be 课时作业（十六）Unit5 The Value of Money extremely useful,bringing energy to places that need it.all over I,阅读理解 the world.He believes that in the future,we'll be able to send energy to remote regions and areas destroyed by war or natural 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了Clair Hughes disaster..(Hajimiri博士是该项目的领导者之一，他认为有一天， 研究省钱岁招，通过网络搜寻优愚券和近现应用，精打细算，罪机 这个系统会非常有用，把能源带到世界各地需要它的地方。他 节省过万英镑，告别学生透支生活，大大受益于这一节俭生活 相信，在未来，我们将能够向偏远地区和被战争或自然灾害排 方式 毁的地区输送能源)”可知，根据Hajimiri博士的说法，这个系统 I.A细节理解题。根据第一段中“Before starting this,1 thought 在未来会向急需能源的地区输送能源。故选D项 it'd be much work,but now I'm so used to this lifestyle that it's 12,D主旨大意题。根据第一段“Imagine being able to use energy automatic to me.(在这之前，我以为这会是很繁重的工作，但现 from the sun all the time,even when it's night.That's the idea 在我已经如此习慣这种生活方式，以至于它对我而言已经成了 that scientists at Caltech(California Institute of Technology)are 自然而然的事情)”可知，省钱已经成为地日常生活的一部分 exploring.They're working on collecting sunlight in space and 故选A。 sending its energy to Earth.(想象一下，可以一直使用太阳能， 2.C细节理解题。根据第三段中“Over the years,she has 即使是在晚上，这就是加州理工学院(Caltech)的科学家们正 managed to get some impressive catches.Once,two lamps worth 在探索的想法。他们正政力于在太空中收集阳光并将其能量 ￡140 cost her just￡35.（多年来，地设法获得了一些令人印象 发送到地球)”以及纵观全文可知，主要讨论了使用Caltech科 深刻的便宜货。有一次，她只花了35英锦就买到了两盏价值 学家创造的特殊工其MAPLE从太空向地球无线传输能源的 140英的灯)”可知，地以低价购买了一些商品。故选C 可能性，所以D项“The Possibility of Sending Energy Wirelessly 3.B细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Among her other top money from Space to Earth(从太空向地球无线传偷能量的可能性)”是 saving tips.Ms Hughes recommends taking part in paid online 本文最好的标题，故选D项 surveys,which have earned her hundreds in diseount coupons. 川，七选五★ (在地的其他顶级省钱技巧中，Hughes女士推荐参与有偿在线 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三种除了宇航员之 调查，这已为地赢得了数百张斯扣券)”可知，最后一段主要介绍 外在太空的工作岗位。 了地获取优患券的方法。故选B. l.A根据前文“However,the hard reality is that only a select few 4,C主旨大意题，根据第一段中“Clair Hughes first began to will make it..(然而，艰难的现实是，只有少数人会成功。)”可知， research money-saving ideas to get out of her 3.500 student 成为宇航员很困难。以及后文“Not necessarily,(不一定，)”可 overdraft(透支额).The shopper started surfing the Internet for 知，空格处是一个问题，后句是对空格处的回答。A途项“Bt discount coupons(优患券)and eut price offers.(Clair Hughes最 does that mean you'll never get the chance to work in space? 初开始研究省钱的方法，以使摆脱3,500英镑的学生透支问题。 这是否意味着你永远没有机会在太空工作？)”符合题意，故 这位购物者开始上网搜寻折扣泰和降价优忠)”和最后一段中 选A. "Among her other top money-saving tips.Ms Hughes 2,G根据后文“A spacecraft is of limited size and relatively high recommends taking part in paid online surveys.which have earned her hundreds in discount coupons.(在地的其他顶级省钱 temperature,which makes smells stronger inside of it,(宇宙飞船 体积有限，温度电相对较高，这使得飞船内邮的气味更强烈)” 技巧中，Hughes女士棉荐参与有偿在线调壹，这已为地赢得了 数百张折扣券)”可知，全文写了Clair Hughes如何通过各种方 可知，这是强调首席嗅探贞这个工作岗位的重要性。G选项 式在购物中最大很度地省钱的故事，所以“一个女人专注于省 "Using your nose at work sounds a little strange,but the job is 钱”适合作为文章标题。故选C。 very important.(在工作时用鼻子听起来有点奇怪，但这项工作 B★ 非常重要。)”符合随意，故选G. 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国低储蓄率背 3.D根据前文“But now,many private companies are starting to 后的原因以及给人们的消赏建议。 provide space trips,and wealthy space enthusiasts such as Justin 5.B知节理解题。根据第二段“The rise of easy credit has made Bieber and Sarah Brightman have already signed up for tours. overspending easier than ever.And the number of people who 现在，许多私人公司开始提供太空旅行，贾斯订·比伯（小ustin make a budget is decreasing.(宽松信贷的增加使得过度消费比 Bieber)和莎拉·布菜曼(Sarah Brightman)等富有的太空爱好者 以往任何时候都客易。做预算的人越来越少)”可知，客易获得 已经签约参加太空旅行。)”可知，太空旅行越来越盛行。D选项 金钱是美国低；蓄率的一个潜在解释，故选B。 "It may not be long before space becomes a top travel 6.C细节理解题，根据第三段“Humans are social creatures,and des1 ination,(也许不久太空就会成为一个顶级旅游目的地。)”符 we have a tendency to evaluate our own standing in life relative to 合通意，故选D how our friends and neighbors are doing.We want to keep up 4,E根据前文“Being a space tour guide requires rich knowledge of with the Joneses,and stay ahead of the Smiths.Because of this, astronomy.astrophysics.geography and history to help when we see other people spending money we have a tendency to passengers get the most out of their journey..(作为一名太空导游 believe that we can一or should一be spending too.(人类是社会 需要丰富的天文学，天体物理学、地理学和历史知识，以帮助束 性动物，我们倾向于根据朋友和部居的表现来评估自己的生活 客充分利用他们的旅程。)”可如，本段介绍的是成为一名太空导 状况。我们要赶上琼新家的人，走在史密断家的前面。正因为 游的高要求，E选项"Tour guides also need to be good 如此，当我们看到别人花钱时，我们领向于认为我们也可以 storytellers to help space travel..(导游还需要是很好的故事讲迷 或者应减一花钱)”可知，第三段提到的“个体心理”指的是一 者来帮助太空旅行。)”特合题意，故选E 种把自己和别人比较的倾向。故远C。 5.F根据后文“Things we've seen in the past in movies are now 7.D如节理解题，根据例数第二段"David Hirshleifer,one of the becoming real career opportunities.(过去我们在电影中看到的东 cconomists.said that "it's easy to think that you're saving 西现在正在成为真正的职业机会。)”可知，首席执行官罗希特· enough because you are not throwing luxury parties or taking 塔尔瓦尔讲述的是科学家们正致力于是科幻小说中的变为现 expensive journeys the way some people you know are.But,he 尖.F选项“We're crossing the boundaries between science warned."those journeys and parties may not really be typical of fiction and reality.(我们正在跨越科射小说和现实之间的边 your acquaintances一they just stand out in memory..”(其中一位 界。)”符合题意，故选F。 经济学家大卫·赫施莱弗说，“你很容易认为自己存够了钱，因 667课时作业（十五）Unit4 Space Exploration I,阅读理解 example,people who couldn't grip with their legs A★ needed another way to hold themselves still while (2025·丽水、湖州、衢州二模)US Army weightless.The group also experimented with veteran(退伍老兵)Mazyck remembers when signaling lights for the deaf and with ways of using doctors told her she would never walk again.She'd braille(盲文)for the blind. been paralyzed from the waist down after a serious These types of issues are easy enough to accident while parachuting in 2003.The doctors address.Now is the time to make space accessible never said anything about floating,though.In -before space tourism or space settlements 2021,she got to do just that. become commonplace."I am so proud and elated Mazyck was one of 12 participants in a Zero G about what's happening here,"Mazyck adds."We flight,organized by the group AstroAccess.This are paving the way for the future. type of flight recreates the weightlessness that 1.What do we know about AstroAccess? astronauts experience without going all the way to A.It redesigns jet airplanes. space.Flying over the Pacific Ocean off Southern B.It offers weightlessness experience. California,the modified 747 jet airplane made 15 C.It provides physical treatment. steep dives and climbs,allowing the flyers D.It trains the disabled to be astronauts. multiple periods of weightlessness. 2.What is required in the flights for the participants? The experience left Mazyck feeling joyful. A.Astronaut experience. "The flight was something that I would have never B.Steep dives and climbs. in my wildest dreams thought I would've experienced," C.Weightlessness periods. she says,"especially the floating,the weightlessness. D.Trials and observations. Traditionally,strict physical requirements 3.Which of the following words can best describe have prevented disabled people from becoming astronauts.AstroAccess is working to make space Mazyck? accessible to all."Space removes the barriers A.Generous and determined. between people;now is the time to remove the B.Caring and persistent. barriers to space itself,”says Mazyck,“Itis C.Courageous and optimistic. sending a message to people who have historically D.Ambitious and innovative. been excluded from STEM that not only is there 4.Which of the following can be the best title of room for you in space,there is a need for you. the passage? During the flight,she says,the participants A.Paving the Way for the Future did experiments and made observations.They took B.Disabled Americans Make It to Space note of things that people without certain C.Making Space a Place for Everyone disabilities might not realize are issues.For D.US Veterans Experience Zero G Flight 540 B★ better in the latter circumstances,but also it only (2025·湖南株洲一模)Moon dust is the resulted in minimal damage to the spacesuit absolute worst.Not only does electrostatics ( material.In past lunar missions,astronauts' cause it to stick to virtually everything,but it also specialized brushes for the moon dust task often has the consistency and feel of finely ground caused damage to spacesuits after a single use.In fiberglass.It was a genuine problem for the six comparison,the liquid nitrogen spray took 75 uses Apollo crews who visited the moon's surface before similar issues occurred. moon dust covered their suits,worked their way Going forward,the team hopes to further into engines and electronics,and even ruined a few research the complexity that makes the cleaning of their extremely expensive spacesuits. process so effective,as well as secure funding to These are all serious issues to consider ahead construct testing rooms more closely resembling of NASA'S planned return to the moon's surface in the lunar surface's gravity.With any luck,maybe 2025,but a team of college undergraduates at a can of their Moon-Dust-Gone will be aboard a Washington State University just developed a future Artemis mission,ready to help astronauts solution to moon dust -spraying liquid nitrogen avoid one of the lunar surface's annoying things. (onto moon dust.The team developed a new 5.Why does the author mention“Apollo”in the spray that takes advantage of the Leidenfrost first paragraph? effect.Named after its discoverer,an 18th-century A.To prove moon dust is a real headache. German doctor Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost,it B.To compare past and present moon programs. occurs when a liquid comes into close contact with C.To show the achievements in moon exploration. a significantly hotter surface,causing it to quickly D.To offer readers insights into the Apollo program. form a protective layer of vapor (that briefly 6.What does the underlined word "particles"in keeps it from evaporating,such as when water Paragraph 2 refer to? forms into drops and runs across a very hot frying A.Liquid waste. pan.The same principle works similarly in space. B.Moon dust. In this case,a liquid nitrogen spray (typically C.Nitrogen spray. around-320 F)comes into contact with a surface's D.Protective coating. relatively warmer lunar dust coating,causing the 7.What did the research team find about their particles to turn into things like drops and float spray in Paragraph 3? away on the nitrogen vapors. A.It belonged to single-use items for astronauts. To test their spray the research team first B.It performed better in normal atmospheric dressed a Barbie doll wrapped with a material used conditions. to make spacesuits.They then sprayed it with C.It increased the strength of the material of liquid nitrogen in a normal atmospheric condition spacesuits. as well as the circumstances similar to outer space. D.It protected spacesuits better compared with Not only did the liquid nitrogen spray perform the brush. 541 8.What may the follow-up research of the spray turned into electricity,which made two small focus on? lights light up.Next,MAPLE sent energy all the A.Test subjects. way down to a lab at Caltech.The scientists were B.Complex lunar surface. able to detect the energy,proving that it's possible C.Other applications. to send solar energy to Earth from space. D.Reasons for efficient cleaning. Dr.Hajimiri,one of the project's leaders, C★ thinks that one day,the system could be extremely (2025·福州质检)magine being able to use useful,bringing energy to places that need it,all energy from the sun all the time,even when it's over the world.He believes that in the future, night.That's the idea that scientists at Caltech we'll be able to send energy to remote regions and (California Institute of Technology)are exploring. areas destroyed by war or natural disaster. They're working on collecting sunlight in space 9.What is the challenge in Caltech's project with MAPLE? and sending its energy to Earth. Caltech's scientists have created a special tool A.Solar energy detection. for this project.They call it MAPLE.MAPLE and B.Wireless energy delivery. C.Sending devices into space. two other devices are part of a project that was D.Using wires to move electricity. sent into space in January,2023.MAPLE's job is 10.How does the Caltech team concentrate solar to test the idea of sending energy wirelessly from power? space to Earth.We're used to using wires to move A.By changing the way microwaves act. electrical energy from one place to another.But B.By magnifying waves coming together. sending energy without wires is a lot trickier. C.By controlling the timing of microwaves. The method used by Caltech's scientists D.By lining up the waves in opposite directions. depends on the way waves act when they meet. 11.What potential benefit could the system bring Imagine two waves coming together as they travel in the future according to Dr.Hajimiri? in the same direction.If the tops of the waves line A.Warning people of natural disasters. up,they combine to make a bigger wave.But if the B.Turning solar energy into electricity. top of one wave lines up with the low point of the C.Providing a solution to energy shortages. other,the waves cancel each other out.The D.Sending energy to regions in urgent need. Caltech team has found a way to control the timing 12.What can be a suitable title for the text? of lots of microwaves so that they can combine A.The Use of Solar Energy in Space Exploration their power,and focus the energy in one direction. B.The Challenges of Generating Energy Without It's a little like using a magnifying(放大f的)glass Wires to focus sunlight into a small,hot point of light. C.The Development of a New Tool for Collecting To prove that the system could work, Electricity MAPLE sent energy to two devices just 30 D.The Possibility of Sending Energy Wirelessly centimeters away in space.This energy was then from Space to Earth 542