Unit 1 Period2 Understanding and coping with stress （分层作业）英语北师大版2019必修第一册

Unit 1 Period 2 Understanding and Coping with Stress分层练习（原卷版） 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.___________________闲坐 2. ___________________换句话说 3.___________________尤其，特别地 4.___________________与...相比 5.___________________比如 6.___________________忍不住做某事 7.___________________处理；应对 8.___________________预测 9.___________________遭受... 10. ___________________常常 二、单句语法填空 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The chairman of the organisation is a highly organised person and we all like the activities he ________.(organise) 2．We forgave the expert’s bad temper because we knew that his son’s illness had put him ________ great stress. 3．Tests have shown that the waste of water in this cafe can be reduced ________ 30 percent by using the new machine. 4．Mr White has suffered ________ a heart problem，and he takes some medicine with him. 5．If you are a senior secondary student，probably you are greatly________ (stress) when the final exams are coming. 6．My sister finds her new job very ________(stress) but she will never give it up. 7．Although ________(suffer) from illnesses for years，the old lady still faces her life with confidence. 8．My doctor advised me________(reduce) the amount of fat I ate every day. 9．The success in his study was partly due ________ the support given by his teachers and mostly his personal efforts. 10．As we all know，the school sports meeting will ________(organise) in March.We are looking forward to it. 11．Square dancing，seen as a way ________(relax) and exercise by some people，has become a popular activity. 12．The dark，rainy evening，the wind and the thundering clouds held me ________(entire) in their power. 三、根据汉语意思完成句子 Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Doctors and nurses are helping the injured ________________________________. 医生和护士正在帮助在火灾中受伤的那些伤者。 2．The expert ________________________ living peacefully with nature to us. 专家向我们强调了与大自然和平相处的重要性。 3．________________，we should take good care of the earth and ________________ while developing economy. 换句话说，我们在发展经济的同时，应该保护好地球，减少污染。 4．当面对具有挑战性的问题时，我们很有必要去寻求帮助。(seek) ________________ when we are faced with challenging problems. 5．当他走进咖啡馆的时候，他发现这位主编正在等着他。(find＋宾语＋宾补) When he came into the café， ________________ . 6．为了丰富我们的校园生活，上周日我们学校组织了五公里的越野赛跑。(organise) In order to enrich our campus life， _____________________________________________ . 7．坦白说，尽管我每天都很忙，但我喜欢一种轻松的生活方式。(to be frank；prefer) ________________ ，although I am busy every day，I ________________ . 8．他的成功，完全是由于他的努力，因此他激励着我们进步。(due to) His success was entirely ________________ ，so he inspired us to get ahead. 三、语法填空 Understanding and Coping with Stress In our daily lives, stress is almost inescapable. Understanding and 1. _________ (cope) with it properly is of great 2. _________ (important) for our well - being. Stress can come from various aspects. For students, academic pressure, like preparing for 3. _________ (exam), may be the main source. Workers often struggle with heavy workloads and tight deadlines. When under stress, our bodies react in different ways. The hormonal changes can make us feel anxious or 4. _________ (tire). If not managed well, long - term stress can lead 5. _________ health problems. So, how can we deal with stress? Regular exercise helps release stress - relieving hormones. Practicing relaxation methods such as meditation is also 6. _________ (effect). Additionally, maintaining a positive attitude and 7. _________ (share) feelings with others can lighten the burden of stress. By taking these steps, we can better handle stress and enjoy a 8. _________ (healthy) life. 四、阅读理解 If a president, a legendary philosopher, and one of the bestselling authors of all time credited the same secret for their success, would you try to follow it too? In fact, you probably do it every day. Here’s what Friedrich Nietzsche wrote: “It is only ideas gained from walking that have any worth.” It’s not just great minds who made a case for it as a prime creativity booster. Researchers have traced numerous connections between walking and generating ideas. A Stanford University study found that participants were 81 percent more creative when walking as opposed to sitting. According to the study, for participants who walked and then sat down to do creative work, a walk could be a catalyst for having fresh insights into problems or projects.    The movement aspect of walking is obviously key. You’ve probably heard the phrase “Exercise your creativity”, which refers to the brain as muscle. Our creative mindset is triggered by physical movement, which is exactly why walking feeds creative thinking. But the scenery is almost as important as the sweat. The National Human Activity Pattern Survey reveals that Americans spend 87 percent of their time indoors. Being inside, you’re more likely to stagnate (停滞), the opposite of energy. Without energy, you can’t wonder or create. Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your comfort zone, which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities. Our brains work harder to process in different environments, so walking outside develops our ability to produce new ideas, to take in new sights, sounds, smells, and flavors. Research has shown that immersion in nature, and the corresponding disconnection from multimedia and technology, increased performance on a creative problem-solving task by a full 50 percent in a group of hikers. So turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world, to hear conversations and natural sounds, to notice the way people move, the way the sun reflects in a puddle. 8．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic of walking . B．To describe the daily habits of great minds. C．To explain the scientific benefits of exercise. D．To criticize the lack of physical activity in modern life. 9．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph “catalyst” probably mean? A．A complex situation in issue-solving. B．The solution to a long-standing issue. C．A substance that promotes a new process. D．An obstacle that blocks new understandings. 10．What are two key factors that contribute to creativity when walking outside? A．The physical movement and the change of scenery. B．The outside fresh air and the reduction of technology use. C．The improvement in mood and the increase in social interactions. D．The increase in physical exercise and the decrease in indoor activities. 11．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Science of Creative Thinking. B．The Power of Walking for Creativity. C．The Ways of Improving Your Creativity. D．The Benefits of Taking Outdoor Exercise. Huang Xuhua, born in 1926 in Guangdong Province, is known as “the Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines.” His pioneering work in the 1960s and 1970s helped lay the foundation for China’s nuclear submarine (核潜艇) program, which played a key role in the country’s defense strategy during a time of intense global pressure. In 1958, Mr. Huang was appointed as the chief designer for China’s first nuclear submarine project. At that time, China lacked the necessary technology and resources to construct such advanced submarines, and due to international isolation, the team had to rely solely on domestic innovation. Despite these significant challenges, Mr. Huang accepted the mission with determination, driven by the need to safeguard China’s maritime sovereignty (主权) and strengthen its strategic defenses. One of the greatest challenges was developing a compact nuclear reactor capable of powering a submarine. With limited expertise in nuclear physics and engineering, Mr. Huang and his team worked tirelessly to design an efficient and reliable reactor, demonstrating his creativity and leadership skills. After over a decade of hard work, Huang’s team achieved a historic breakthrough in 1970 by launching China’s first nuclear-powered submarine, the Type 091 (Han-class). This meant China became one of the few countries able to build nuclear submarines. Soon after, they developed the Type 092 (Xia-class), China’s first ballistic missile submarine, which boosted the country’s nuclear defense. Huang’s contributions went beyond technology. His leadership inspired a generation of Chinese scientists and engineers to focus on self-reliance and innovation. Despite the heavy pressure and secrecy surrounding his work, Huang stayed committed to the project, often sacrificing personal comforts for its success. In recognition of his achievements, Huang has received many awards, including the Supreme State Science and Technology Award, China’s highest honor for scientific achievements. 12．What was one of the biggest difficulties in the nuclear submarine project? A．Designing the shape of the submarine. B．Training enough sailors for the submarine. C．Finding a suitable place to build the submarine. D．Developing a compact nuclear reactor for the submarine. 13．How did Huang’s team overcome nuclear expertise limits for the reactor? A．By inviting foreign experts to assist. B．By conducting continuous research and innovation with great effort. C．By giving up on some difficult aspects of the design. D．By using old-fashioned but reliable engineering methods. 14．Why was the development of the Type 092 ballistic missile submarine important? A．It was the first submarine ever built in China. B．It was used for scientific research in the ocean. C．It remarkably enhanced China’s nuclear defense strength. D．It was sold to other countries, bringing economic benefits. 15．Which of the following can NOT describe Huang Xuhua? A．Inattentive and compassionate. B．Devoted and patriotic. C．Dedicated and inspiring. D．Passionate and persistent. 五、七选五 Don’t Let Personality Types Define You Personality tests, especially the Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI), are popular tools that many people use to better understand themselves and their relationships with others. MBTI sorts people into 16 different personality types based on four key categories. 16 The MBTI system provides a simple way to categorize individuals based on their preferences. But people are complex. Our personalities can change over time, depending on experiences and growth. What the MBTI test reveals is just a snapshot of one’s preferences, not a complete definition of who you are. For example, if the test labels (贴标签) you as an “introvert (内向的人)”, you may feel tempted to avoid social communication because you think it’s not in your nature to be outgoing. But you might find that your ability to enjoy social events increases over time. 17 You should see it as a starting point for self-reflection and growth. Similarly, if you are categorized as a “thinking” type, it might lead you to believe that you are always rational (理性的), while neglecting your “feeling” side. 18 Emotional response is also an essential part of human nature, and embracing them can enhance your decision-making process and relationships. 19 . They might think, for instance, that an “introvert” would not be a good leader. But there are countless examples of introverts succeeding in these types of roles. Many introverts achieve success through careful listening and thoughtful decision-making. Don’t let the MBTI label stop you from pursuing opportunities that feel right for you. Finally, one of the most important lessons we can learn from the MBTI is that we are not defined by one test or label. The test results should be seen as a guide, not a limitation. By focusing on our strengths and embracing the full complexity of our personalities, we can lead richer and more fulfilling lives. 20 A．We are all more than the labels we receive. B．The key is not to accept the label as an unchangeable fact. C．However, it’s essential to understand that both parts are valuable. D．We must admit emotion’s significant role in personal development. E．Try to focus on your strengths rather than worry about your weaknesses. F．Additionally, many people believe their “type” restricts their career or life choices. G．Although these tests can provide useful insights, they shouldn’t define or limit you. 六、完形填空 “Why don’t you ‘act black’?’’ Since my middle school years, I’ve been asked this question more than any other. It seems to me that too many people have let society 21 into their brains what should be expected of me, a black person, before ever 22 with me. But I believe in being who I am, not who others want me to be. On my first day of high school, going into math class, two of my classmates 23 and laughed at me. I 24 thought it was my bed head, or that there was something 25 on the back of my shirt. But as I took my seat, I heard one of the students 26 , “Why is a black person taking Honors (荣誉课程)?” So it wasn’t my hair. An honors level class had simply been joined by a student whose skin was an unsettling 27 of brown. Many people think my clothes should be big enough for me to 28 , or expect me to listen 29 to “black music.” In seventh grade, a group of my peers fixed their cold stares on my outfit — cargo shorts and a plain, fitting T-shirt. They called out to me, “Go get some clothes, white boy.” In one of my music classes, the teacher asked me, “Do you like rap music more?” I replied, “No, rock.” The look of 30 on my classmates’ faces made me feel profoundly strange. I am now in my junior year of high school. I still take all Honors courses. My wardrobe still only consists of clothes that are 31 to my proportions (身体比例). My music 32 ranges from rock to pop to techno, and almost everything in between. When it comes to choosing my friends, I am still 33 . I continue to do my best work in school in order to reach my goals, 34 when I look in the mirror, I still see skin of that same shade of brown. My skin color has done nothing to 35 my personality, and my personality has done nothing to change my skin color. 21．A．pour B．program C．translate D．transform 22．A．meeting B．competing C．interacting D．arguing 23．A．pointed B．shouted C．gazed D．smiled 24．A．suddenly B．initially C．unluckily D．eventually 25．A．kept B．caught C．trapped D．stuck 26．A．whisper B．scream C．explain D．question 27．A．sense B．shade C．shadow D．tone 28．A．live in B．fit into C．stand out D．fall apart 29．A．largely B．mainly C．merely D．entirely 30．A．anger B．shock C．joy D．sorrow 31．A．similar B．familiar C．appropriate D．comfortable 32．A．shop B．studio C．home D．library 33．A．colorblind B．cautious C．carefree D．courageous 34．A．or B．for C．so D．yet 35．A．harm B．improve C．change D．reflect Unit 1 Period 2 Understanding and Coping with Stress分层练习（解析版） 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.___________________闲坐 2. ___________________换句话说 3.___________________尤其，特别地 4.___________________与...相比 5.___________________比如 6.___________________忍不住做某事 7.___________________处理；应对 8.___________________预测 9.___________________遭受... 10. ___________________常常 【答案】 1.sit around 2. in other words 3.in particular4.compare with 5.for example6.can’t stand doing sth.7.cope with 8.make a prediction9.suffer from10.more often than not 二、单句语法填空 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The chairman of the organisation is a highly organised person and we all like the activities he ________.(organise) 2．We forgave the expert’s bad temper because we knew that his son’s illness had put him ________ great stress. 3．Tests have shown that the waste of water in this cafe can be reduced ________ 30 percent by using the new machine. 4．Mr White has suffered ________ a heart problem，and he takes some medicine with him. 5．If you are a senior secondary student，probably you are greatly________ (stress) when the final exams are coming. 6．My sister finds her new job very ________(stress) but she will never give it up. 7．Although ________(suffer) from illnesses for years，the old lady still faces her life with confidence. 8．My doctor advised me________(reduce) the amount of fat I ate every day. 9．The success in his study was partly due ________ the support given by his teachers and mostly his personal efforts. 10．As we all know，the school sports meeting will ________(organise) in March.We are looking forward to it. 11．Square dancing，seen as a way ________(relax) and exercise by some people，has become a popular activity. 12．The dark，rainy evening，the wind and the thundering clouds held me ________(entire) in their power. 【答案】 1.organisation ； organised ； organises.2.under.3.by .4.from .5.stressed.6.stressful. 7.suffering.8.to reduce.9.to .10.be organised.11.to relax.12.entirely. 三、根据汉语意思完成句子 Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Doctors and nurses are helping the injured ________________________________. 医生和护士正在帮助在火灾中受伤的那些伤者。 2．The expert ________________________ living peacefully with nature to us. 专家向我们强调了与大自然和平相处的重要性。 3．________________，we should take good care of the earth and ________________ while developing economy. 换句话说，我们在发展经济的同时，应该保护好地球，减少污染。 4．当面对具有挑战性的问题时，我们很有必要去寻求帮助。(seek) ________________ when we are faced with challenging problems. 5．当他走进咖啡馆的时候，他发现这位主编正在等着他。(find＋宾语＋宾补) When he came into the café， ________________ . 6．为了丰富我们的校园生活，上周日我们学校组织了五公里的越野赛跑。(organise) In order to enrich our campus life， _____________________________________________ . 7．坦白说，尽管我每天都很忙，但我喜欢一种轻松的生活方式。(to be frank；prefer) ________________ ，although I am busy every day，I ________________ . 8．他的成功，完全是由于他的努力，因此他激励着我们进步。(due to) His success was entirely ________________ ，so he inspired us to get ahead. 【答案】 1．who suffer from the big fire. 2． stressed the importance of 3．In other words； reduce pollution 4．It’s necessary for us to seek help 5．he found the editor waiting for him. 6．our school organised a five-kilometer cross-country running race last Sunday. 7．To be frank; prefer a relaxing lifestyle 8．due to his hard work 三、语法填空 Understanding and Coping with Stress In our daily lives, stress is almost inescapable. Understanding and 1. _________ (cope) with it properly is of great 2. _________ (important) for our well - being. Stress can come from various aspects. For students, academic pressure, like preparing for 3. _________ (exam), may be the main source. Workers often struggle with heavy workloads and tight deadlines. When under stress, our bodies react in different ways. The hormonal changes can make us feel anxious or 4. _________ (tire). If not managed well, long - term stress can lead 5. _________ health problems. So, how can we deal with stress? Regular exercise helps release stress - relieving hormones. Practicing relaxation methods such as meditation is also 6. _________ (effect). Additionally, maintaining a positive attitude and 7. _________ (share) feelings with others can lighten the burden of stress. By taking these steps, we can better handle stress and enjoy a 8. _________ (healthy) life. 【答案】1. coping 2. importance3. exams4. tired 5. to 6. effective 7. sharing 8. healthier 四、阅读理解 If a president, a legendary philosopher, and one of the bestselling authors of all time credited the same secret for their success, would you try to follow it too? In fact, you probably do it every day. Here’s what Friedrich Nietzsche wrote: “It is only ideas gained from walking that have any worth.” It’s not just great minds who made a case for it as a prime creativity booster. Researchers have traced numerous connections between walking and generating ideas. A Stanford University study found that participants were 81 percent more creative when walking as opposed to sitting. According to the study, for participants who walked and then sat down to do creative work, a walk could be a catalyst for having fresh insights into problems or projects.    The movement aspect of walking is obviously key. You’ve probably heard the phrase “Exercise your creativity”, which refers to the brain as muscle. Our creative mindset is triggered by physical movement, which is exactly why walking feeds creative thinking. But the scenery is almost as important as the sweat. The National Human Activity Pattern Survey reveals that Americans spend 87 percent of their time indoors. Being inside, you’re more likely to stagnate (停滞), the opposite of energy. Without energy, you can’t wonder or create. Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your comfort zone, which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities. Our brains work harder to process in different environments, so walking outside develops our ability to produce new ideas, to take in new sights, sounds, smells, and flavors. Research has shown that immersion in nature, and the corresponding disconnection from multimedia and technology, increased performance on a creative problem-solving task by a full 50 percent in a group of hikers. So turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world, to hear conversations and natural sounds, to notice the way people move, the way the sun reflects in a puddle. 8．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic of walking . B．To describe the daily habits of great minds. C．To explain the scientific benefits of exercise. D．To criticize the lack of physical activity in modern life. 9．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph “catalyst” probably mean? A．A complex situation in issue-solving. B．The solution to a long-standing issue. C．A substance that promotes a new process. D．An obstacle that blocks new understandings. 10．What are two key factors that contribute to creativity when walking outside? A．The physical movement and the change of scenery. B．The outside fresh air and the reduction of technology use. C．The improvement in mood and the increase in social interactions. D．The increase in physical exercise and the decrease in indoor activities. 11．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Science of Creative Thinking. B．The Power of Walking for Creativity. C．The Ways of Improving Your Creativity. D．The Benefits of Taking Outdoor Exercise. 【答案】 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了步行对创造力的促进作用，包括步行中身体运动和外界风景对创造力的影响，呼吁人们关掉手机多去户外步行以激发创造力。 8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If a president, a legendary philosopher, and one of the bestselling authors of all time credited the same secret for their success, would you try to follow it too? In fact, you probably do it every day. Here’s what Friedrich Nietzsche wrote: “It is only ideas gained from walking that have any worth.”(如果一位总统、一位传奇哲学家以及一位有史以来最畅销的作家之一，都把他们成功的秘诀归结为同一件事，你会试着也去遵循这个秘诀吗？事实上，你很可能每天都在这么做。弗里德里希・尼采曾写道：“只有在行走时获得的想法才有价值。”)”可知，本段先提出一个问题，然后引用尼采的话引出了步行这一话题，所以第一段的主要目的是引入步行这个话题。故选A。 9．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“According to the study, for participants who walked and then sat down to do creative work, a walk could be a catalyst for having fresh insights into problems or projects. (根据这项研究，对于那些先散步然后坐下来进行创造性工作的参与者来说，散步可以成为对问题或项目产生新见解的……)”可知，对于先散步然后坐下来进行创造性工作的参与者来说，散步能够让他们对问题或项目有新的见解。所以“catalyst”在这里的意思应该是促进新过程的事物。选项C“A substance that promotes a new process.(促进新过程的物质)”与此相符。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The movement aspect of walking is obviously key. You’ve probably heard the phrase “Exercise your creativity”, which refers to the brain as muscle. Our creative mindset is triggered by physical movement, which is exactly why walking feeds creative thinking.(散步中的运动方面显然是关键。你可能听过“锻炼你的创造力”这句话，它把大脑比作肌肉。我们的创造性思维是由身体运动激发的，这正是散步能够促进创造性思维的原因)”可知，散步中的运动方面是关键，身体运动能触发创造性思维。再根据文章第四段中“But the scenery is almost as important as the sweat.(但周围的风景几乎和汗水一样重要)”和第五段中“Our brains work harder to process in different environments, so walking outside develops our ability to produce new ideas, to take in new sights, sounds, smells, and flavors.(我们的大脑在不同的环境中会更加努力地进行信息处理，所以在户外散步能够提升我们产生新想法的能力，让我们去感受新的景象、声音、气味和味道)”则指出户外散步时周围的风景也很重要。由此推断，散步时的身体运动和风景的变化是促进创造力的两个关键因素。故选A。 11．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇通过尼采的话以及一些成功人士对散步的推崇引出散步这一话题，接着详细阐述了斯坦福大学的研究表明散步能提升创造力，还指出散步时的身体运动和户外风景是促进创造力的关键因素，并且在户外散步能让大脑更努力地处理信息，从而提高产生新想法的能力。选项B“The Power of Walking for Creativity.(散步对创造力的力量)”准确地概括了文章的核心内容，是文章的最佳标题。故选B。 Huang Xuhua, born in 1926 in Guangdong Province, is known as “the Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines.” His pioneering work in the 1960s and 1970s helped lay the foundation for China’s nuclear submarine (核潜艇) program, which played a key role in the country’s defense strategy during a time of intense global pressure. In 1958, Mr. Huang was appointed as the chief designer for China’s first nuclear submarine project. At that time, China lacked the necessary technology and resources to construct such advanced submarines, and due to international isolation, the team had to rely solely on domestic innovation. Despite these significant challenges, Mr. Huang accepted the mission with determination, driven by the need to safeguard China’s maritime sovereignty (主权) and strengthen its strategic defenses. One of the greatest challenges was developing a compact nuclear reactor capable of powering a submarine. With limited expertise in nuclear physics and engineering, Mr. Huang and his team worked tirelessly to design an efficient and reliable reactor, demonstrating his creativity and leadership skills. After over a decade of hard work, Huang’s team achieved a historic breakthrough in 1970 by launching China’s first nuclear-powered submarine, the Type 091 (Han-class). This meant China became one of the few countries able to build nuclear submarines. Soon after, they developed the Type 092 (Xia-class), China’s first ballistic missile submarine, which boosted the country’s nuclear defense. Huang’s contributions went beyond technology. His leadership inspired a generation of Chinese scientists and engineers to focus on self-reliance and innovation. Despite the heavy pressure and secrecy surrounding his work, Huang stayed committed to the project, often sacrificing personal comforts for its success. In recognition of his achievements, Huang has received many awards, including the Supreme State Science and Technology Award, China’s highest honor for scientific achievements. 12．What was one of the biggest difficulties in the nuclear submarine project? A．Designing the shape of the submarine. B．Training enough sailors for the submarine. C．Finding a suitable place to build the submarine. D．Developing a compact nuclear reactor for the submarine. 13．How did Huang’s team overcome nuclear expertise limits for the reactor? A．By inviting foreign experts to assist. B．By conducting continuous research and innovation with great effort. C．By giving up on some difficult aspects of the design. D．By using old-fashioned but reliable engineering methods. 14．Why was the development of the Type 092 ballistic missile submarine important? A．It was the first submarine ever built in China. B．It was used for scientific research in the ocean. C．It remarkably enhanced China’s nuclear defense strength. D．It was sold to other countries, bringing economic benefits. 15．Which of the following can NOT describe Huang Xuhua? A．Inattentive and compassionate. B．Devoted and patriotic. C．Dedicated and inspiring. D．Passionate and persistent. 【答案】 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了 “中国核潜艇之父” 黄旭华的事迹 12．细节理解题。根据第二段“One of the greatest challenges was developing a compact nuclear reactor capable of powering a submarine.(最大的挑战之一是开发一种能够为潜艇提供动力的紧凑型核反应堆)” 可知，在核潜艇项目中最大的困难之一是为潜艇开发紧凑型核反应堆。故选 D。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段 “With limited expertise in nuclear physics and engineering, Mr. Huang and his team worked tirelessly to design an efficient and reliable reactor, demonstrating his creativity and leadership skills.(由于在核物理和工程方面的专业知识有限，黄先生和他的团队不知疲倦地努力设计出一个高效且可靠的反应堆，展示了他的创造力和领导才能)” 可知，黄的团队是通过付出巨大努力进行持续的研究和创新来克服在反应堆核专业知识方面的限制的。故选 B。 14．细节理解题。根据第 三 段“Soon after, they developed the Type 092 (Xia - class), China’s first ballistic missile submarine, which boosted the country’s nuclear defense.(不久之后，他们研制出了 092 型（夏级），中国第一艘弹道导弹潜艇，这增强了国家的核防御能力)” 可知，092 型弹道导弹潜艇的开发之所以重要是因为它显著地增强了中国的核防御力量。故选 C。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段 “Despite the heavy pressure and secrecy surrounding his work, Huang stayed committed to the project, often sacrificing personal comforts for its success. His leadership inspired a generation of Chinese scientists and engineers to focus on self - reliance and innovation.(尽管他的工作面临着巨大的压力和保密性，黄仍然致力于这个项目，经常为了项目的成功牺牲个人的舒适。他的领导激励了一代中国科学家和工程师专注于自力更生和创新)” 以及全文对黄旭华事迹的描述可知，他是敬业、爱国、专注且鼓舞人心、充满激情和坚持不懈的。A 选项（粗心大意且富有同情心的），文章中体现不出他粗心大意，该选项不能描述黄旭华；故选 A。 五、七选五 Don’t Let Personality Types Define You Personality tests, especially the Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI), are popular tools that many people use to better understand themselves and their relationships with others. MBTI sorts people into 16 different personality types based on four key categories. 16 The MBTI system provides a simple way to categorize individuals based on their preferences. But people are complex. Our personalities can change over time, depending on experiences and growth. What the MBTI test reveals is just a snapshot of one’s preferences, not a complete definition of who you are. For example, if the test labels (贴标签) you as an “introvert (内向的人)”, you may feel tempted to avoid social communication because you think it’s not in your nature to be outgoing. But you might find that your ability to enjoy social events increases over time. 17 You should see it as a starting point for self-reflection and growth. Similarly, if you are categorized as a “thinking” type, it might lead you to believe that you are always rational (理性的), while neglecting your “feeling” side. 18 Emotional response is also an essential part of human nature, and embracing them can enhance your decision-making process and relationships. 19 . They might think, for instance, that an “introvert” would not be a good leader. But there are countless examples of introverts succeeding in these types of roles. Many introverts achieve success through careful listening and thoughtful decision-making. Don’t let the MBTI label stop you from pursuing opportunities that feel right for you. Finally, one of the most important lessons we can learn from the MBTI is that we are not defined by one test or label. The test results should be seen as a guide, not a limitation. By focusing on our strengths and embracing the full complexity of our personalities, we can lead richer and more fulfilling lives. 20 A．We are all more than the labels we receive. B．The key is not to accept the label as an unchangeable fact. C．However, it’s essential to understand that both parts are valuable. D．We must admit emotion’s significant role in personal development. E．Try to focus on your strengths rather than worry about your weaknesses. F．Additionally, many people believe their “type” restricts their career or life choices. G．Although these tests can provide useful insights, they shouldn’t define or limit you. 【答案】 16．G 17．B 18．C 19．F 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了MBTI人格测试虽受欢迎，但不应定义或限制人，应视结果为成长指引。 16．根据上文“Personality tests, especially the Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI), are popular tools that many people use to better understand themselves and their relationships with others. MBTI sorts people into 16 different personality types based on four key categories. (人格测试，尤其是迈尔斯-布里格斯类型指标（MBTI），是许多人用来更好地了解自己以及他们与他人关系的流行工具。MBTI根据四个关键类别将人们分为16种不同的人格类型)”以及下文开始阐述MBTI的局限性可知，空处需要一个过渡句来引出对MBTI不应定义或限制人的观点。G选项“尽管这些测试可以提供有用的见解，但它们不应该定义或限制你。”中these tests指代上文的Personality tests，shouldn’t define or limit you引出下文对MBTI局限性的阐述，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 17．根据上文“What the MBTI test reveals is just a snapshot of one’s preferences, not a complete definition of who you are. For example, if the test labels (贴标签) you as an “introvert (内向的人)”, you may feel tempted to avoid social communication because you think it’s not in your nature to be outgoing. But you might find that your ability to enjoy social events increases over time. (MBTI测试所揭示的只是一个人偏好的一个快照，而不是对你是谁的完整定义。例如，如果测试给你贴上“内向的人”的标签，你可能会想避免社交，因为你认为外向不是你的天性。但你可能会发现，随着时间的推移，你享受社交活动的能力会提高)”可知，MBTI的标签不是绝对的，不应该把它当作不可改变的事实。B选项“关键是不要把这个标签当作一个不可改变的事实。”中the label指代上文的MBTI测试的标签，承接上文，符合语境。故选B。 18．根据上文“Similarly, if you are categorized as a “thinking” type, it might lead you to believe that you are always rational (理性的), while neglecting your “feeling” side. (同样，如果你被归类为“思考”型，这可能会让你认为自己总是理性的，而忽略了你的“情感”方面)”以及下文“Emotional response is also an essential part of human nature, and embracing them can enhance your decision-making process and relationships. (情感反应也是人性的一个重要部分，接受它们可以提高你的决策过程和人际关系)”可知，“思考”和“情感”这两方面都有其价值。C选项“然而，必须明白这两个部分都是有价值的。”中both parts指的是上文提到的thinking和feeling，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 19．根据下文“They might think, for instance, that an “introvert” would not be a good leader. But there are countless examples of introverts succeeding in these types of roles. Many introverts achieve success through careful listening and thoughtful decision-making. Don’t let the MBTI label stop you from pursuing opportunities that feel right for you.(例如，他们可能会认为“内向的人”不会成为好领导。但有无数内向的人在这些类型的角色中取得成功的例子。许多内向的人通过认真倾听和深思熟虑的决策取得成功。不要让MBTI标签阻止你追求适合你的机会)”可知，很多人认为MBTI的“类型”限制了他们的职业或生活选择。F选项“此外，许多人认为他们的“类型”限制了他们的职业或生活选择。”中believe their “type” restricts与下文think that an “introvert” would not be a good leader相呼应，符合语境。故选F。 20．根据上文“Finally, one of the most important lessons we can learn from the MBTI is that we are not defined by one test or label. The test results should be seen as a guide, not a limitation. By focusing on our strengths and embracing the full complexity of our personalities, we can lead richer and more fulfilling lives. (最后，我们可以从MBTI中学到的最重要的教训之一是，我们不被一个测试或标签所定义。测试结果应该被视为一个指导，而不是一个限制。通过关注我们的优势并接受我们个性的全部复杂性，我们可以过上更丰富、更充实的生活)”可知，我们不应该被标签所定义。A选项“我们都不仅仅是我们所得到的标签。”中more than the labels与上文not defined by one test or label相呼应，符合语境。故选A。 六、完形填空 “Why don’t you ‘act black’?’’ Since my middle school years, I’ve been asked this question more than any other. It seems to me that too many people have let society 21 into their brains what should be expected of me, a black person, before ever 22 with me. But I believe in being who I am, not who others want me to be. On my first day of high school, going into math class, two of my classmates 23 and laughed at me. I 24 thought it was my bed head, or that there was something 25 on the back of my shirt. But as I took my seat, I heard one of the students 26 , “Why is a black person taking Honors (荣誉课程)?” So it wasn’t my hair. An honors level class had simply been joined by a student whose skin was an unsettling 27 of brown. Many people think my clothes should be big enough for me to 28 , or expect me to listen 29 to “black music.” In seventh grade, a group of my peers fixed their cold stares on my outfit — cargo shorts and a plain, fitting T-shirt. They called out to me, “Go get some clothes, white boy.” In one of my music classes, the teacher asked me, “Do you like rap music more?” I replied, “No, rock.” The look of 30 on my classmates’ faces made me feel profoundly strange. I am now in my junior year of high school. I still take all Honors courses. My wardrobe still only consists of clothes that are 31 to my proportions (身体比例). My music 32 ranges from rock to pop to techno, and almost everything in between. When it comes to choosing my friends, I am still 33 . I continue to do my best work in school in order to reach my goals, 34 when I look in the mirror, I still see skin of that same shade of brown. My skin color has done nothing to 35 my personality, and my personality has done nothing to change my skin color. 21．A．pour B．program C．translate D．transform 22．A．meeting B．competing C．interacting D．arguing 23．A．pointed B．shouted C．gazed D．smiled 24．A．suddenly B．initially C．unluckily D．eventually 25．A．kept B．caught C．trapped D．stuck 26．A．whisper B．scream C．explain D．question 27．A．sense B．shade C．shadow D．tone 28．A．live in B．fit into C．stand out D．fall apart 29．A．largely B．mainly C．merely D．entirely 30．A．anger B．shock C．joy D．sorrow 31．A．similar B．familiar C．appropriate D．comfortable 32．A．shop B．studio C．home D．library 33．A．colorblind B．cautious C．carefree D．courageous 34．A．or B．for C．so D．yet 35．A．harm B．improve C．change D．reflect 【答案】 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．B 25．D 26．A 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．B 31．C 32．D 33．A 34．D 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为黑人因肤色和兴趣爱好等常遭误解但坚持做自己的故事。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，太多的人让社会在他们和我交流之前就把对一个黑人应该有什么样的期待灌输进他们的大脑。A. pour倾倒；B. program编程；C. translate翻译；D. transform转变。根据下文“what should be expected of me, a black person”可知，此处指太多的人让社会把对黑人的期待灌输进他们的大脑，program... into one’s brain表示“将……植入某人的大脑，使某人形成某种固定思维/观念”。故选B。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. meeting见面；B. competing竞争；C. interacting交流，互动；D. arguing争论。根据下文“with me”可知，此处指在和作者交流之前，人们就对黑人有了一定的期待。故选C。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我上高中的第一天，走进数学课，我的两个同学指着我，嘲笑我。A. pointed指着；B. shouted大喊；C. gazed凝视；D. smiled微笑。根据下文“and laughed at me”可知，两个同学指着作者并嘲笑他。故选A。 24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我起初以为是我的头发太乱了，或者我的衬衫后面粘了什么东西。A. suddenly突然；B. initially起初；C. unluckily不幸地；D. eventually最终。根据下文“thought it was my bed head”、“Why is a black person taking Honors (荣誉课程)?”可知，一开始作者以为是自己外在的原因导致同学的反应。故选B。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. kept保持；B. caught抓住；C. trapped困住；D. stuck粘住。根据下文“on the back of my shirt”可知，作者猜测衬衫后面粘了东西才引起同学的反应，stick on表示“粘在……上”。故选D。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我坐下时，我听到其中一个学生低声说：“为什么一个黑人要上荣誉课程？”A. whisper低语；B. scream尖叫；C. explain解释；D. question提问。根据下文“Why is a black person taking Honors (荣誉课程)?”可知，作者坐下后听到其中一个学生低声说，whisper符合语境。故选A。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一门荣誉课程里仅仅加入了一个皮肤是令人不安的棕色色调的学生。A. sense感觉；B. shade色调，色度；C. shadow影子；D. tone语气，音调。根据下文“of brown”可知，此处指皮肤是不安的棕色的色度，shade符合语境。故选B。 28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：很多人认为我的衣服应该大到足以让我住进去，或者希望我只听“黑人音乐”。A. live in住在；B. fit into适合；C. stand out突出；D. fall apart崩溃。根据上文“Many people think my clothes should be big enough for me”可知，很多人认为我的衣服应该大到足以让我住进去。故选A。 29．考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. largely主要地；B. mainly主要地；C. merely仅仅；D. entirely完全地。根据下文“to “black music.””可知，此处指人们期望作者只听“黑人音乐”，merely符合语境。故选C。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同学们脸上震惊的表情让我感到非常奇怪。A. anger愤怒；B. shock震惊；C. joy快乐；D. sorrow悲伤。根据上文“In one of my music classes, the teacher asked me, “Do you like rap music more?” I replied, “No, rock.””可知，作者说自己喜欢摇滚而不是说唱音乐，结合很多人对黑人的固有看法，可知同学们对作者的回答感到震惊。故选B。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的衣柜里仍然只有适合我身材的衣服。A. similar相似的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. appropriate合适的；D. comfortable舒服的。根据下文“to my proportions”可知，这里表示作者的衣服是适合自己身体比例的。故选C。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的音乐库从摇滚到流行到电子乐，几乎涵盖了所有类型。A. shop商店；B. studio工作室；C. home家；D. library库，藏书。根据下文“ranges from rock to pop to techno, and almost everything in between”可知，这里指作者听的音乐种类丰富，这是作者的音乐库，music library表示“音乐库”。故选D。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在选择朋友时，我仍然是不看肤色的。A. colorblind不辨颜色的，不分肤色的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. carefree无忧无虑的；D. courageous勇敢的。根据上文“When it comes to choosing my friends, I am still”可知，作者不看肤色选择朋友，colorblind符合语境。故选A。 34．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我继续在学校努力学习，以实现我的目标，然而当我照镜子时，我仍然看到同样肤色的皮肤。A. or或者；B. for为了；C. so所以；D. yet然而。根据上文“I continue to do my best work in school in order to reach my goals”和下文“when I look in the mirror, I still see skin of that same shade of brown”可知，前后是转折关系，yet符合语境。故选D。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的肤色并没有改变我的个性，我的个性也没有改变我的肤色。A. harm伤害；B. improve提高；C. change改变；D. reflect反映。根据下文“my personality, and my personality has done nothing to change my skin color.”可知，作者坚持自我，不被对黑人的固有看法影响，可知肤色和个性之间没有相互改变。故选C。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$