内容正文:
2025全国1卷长难句分析(练习)
B篇
长难句 1 及分析
原句:In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:______________________________________________________________________
(主谓宾结构,宾语为三个并列的人物形象)
修饰成分:
介词短语作状语:______________________________________________________________________(时间和地点)。
定语从句(who 引导):分别修饰三个宾语,如 who saved his town 修饰 ________,who demanded his son earn straight A’s 修饰________,who died of heartbreak... 修饰________。
___________:after her parents rejected the love of her young life(位于最后一个定语从句中,说明 Juliet 心碎的原因)。
长难句 2 及分析
原句:When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:_______________________________________(主谓宾结构,with 短语作伴随状语)。
修饰成分:
时间状语从句:_______________________________________(说明主句动作发生的时间)。
形容词短语作定语:_______________________________________(修饰 yearbook)。
破折号解释说明:the ability...to be human 是对 significance 的具体解释,包含三个并列的不定式短语(to connect.../to put.../to teach...)。
宾语从句:_______________________________________(作 teach 的宾语,说明 “教会” 的内容)。
C篇
长难句 1 及分析
原句:While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:_______________________________________(主谓宾结构,宾语为 “declines in pedestrian mobility”)
修饰成分:
让步状语从句:_______________________________________(由 while 引导,说明 “安全改善” 与 “流动性下降” 的转折关系)。
介词短语作状语:_______________________________________(修饰从句中的谓语 “have been made”)。
介词短语作定语:in pedestrian mobility(修饰 “declines”)。
副词短语作状语:especially among young children(补充说明 “declines” 的具体群体)。
长难句 2 及分析
原句:Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:_______________________________________(主谓宾结构)
修饰成分:
副词作状语:Most famously(修饰整个句子,表程度)。
_________:who had moved her family to Manhattan...(由 who 引导,修饰 “journalist”,时态为过去完成时,说明搬家动作先于 “led a campaign”)。
介词短语作定语:in the early 1950s(修饰从句中的谓语 “had moved”)。
不定式短语作目的状语:_____________________________(说明 “campaign” 的目的)。
长难句 3 及分析
原句:Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:___________________________________(主系表结构,表语为 that 引导的从句)。
修饰成分:
_________:Although these campaigns were widespread(由 although 引导,与主句形成转折)。
表语从句:___________________________________(说明 “reality” 的具体内容),其中:
_________:the majority of the western cities
_________:were completely redesigned(被动语态)
介词短语作状语:around the needs of the motor car(说明 “redesigned” 的依据)。
D篇
长难句 1 及分析
原句:Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:____________________________________(主谓宾结构,across the Earth 作地点状语)。
破折号解释部分:由四个并列的谓语结构组成,说明微塑料的分布位置:
they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas
(they have) stuck inside volcanic rocks
(they have) filled the stomachs of seabirds
(they have) even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow
长难句 2 及分析
原句:In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:____________________________________(主谓宾结构,that 引导宾语从句)。
修饰成分:
介词短语作状语:____________________________________(表地点和时间,published Wednesday 为过去分词作定语修饰 study)。
宾语从句核心结构:boiling tap water...could remove...microplastics(动名词短语作主语,破折号间的内容为___________,after it cools 为时间状语从句)。
长难句 3 及分析
原句:Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:___________________________(主谓宾结构,forward 为后置定语修饰 path)。
修饰成分:
介词短语作状语:____________________________________(表目的)。
破折号解释部分:a task 为 path 的____,that’s becoming increasingly difficult 为定语从句修饰 task。
长难句 4 及分析
原句:“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:____________________________________(主谓双宾结构)。
修饰成分:
直接引语(宾语):The way...was nice,其中:
定语从句:____________________________________(省略引导词 that,修饰 the way)。
宾语从句:____________________________________(作 demonstrated 的宾语)。
同位语:____________________________________(解释人物身份),内含 who 引导的定语从句修饰 engineer。
七选五
长难句 1 及分析
原句:Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句核心结构:____________________________________(主谓宾结构,宾语为 that 引导的从句)。
修饰成分:
同位语:____________________________________(解释主语身份,介词短语作定语修饰 worker)。
______________:that each customer gets exactly what they order(含两层从句):
第一层:each customer gets exactly what they order(what 引导宾语从句,作 gets 的宾语)。
第二层:what they order(主语 they + 谓语 order,what 指代点单内容)。
长难句 2 及分析
原句:One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句核心结构:_______________________(主系表结构,表语为 that 引导的从句)。
修饰成分:
_________:Murphy may not know(省略引导词 that,修饰主语 One thing)。
_________:that her smile is contagious and can be the difference...(含并列谓语):
并列谓语 1:is contagious
并列谓语 2:_________
介词短语作定语:in a student having a much better day(修饰 difference,其中 having... 为动名词短语作_________)。
_________:than they were having before seeing her(修饰 better,before seeing her 为时间状语)。
完形
长难句 1 及分析
原句:That left a house still stuffed with things that, while not particularly valuable, didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:______________________(主谓宾结构,that 指代前文行为,left 后接复合宾语 “house + 过去分词短语”)。
修饰成分:
过去分词短语作____:still stuffed with things(修饰 house,表被动状态)。
____________:that didn’t belong in a landfill(修饰 things),内含插入的让步状语:
while not particularly valuable(省略主语和 be 动词,完整为 while they were not particularly valuable)。
长难句 2 及分析
原句:I take joy in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is enjoying something that couldn’t come with us.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:______________________(主谓宾结构,in knowing that... 为介词短语作状语)。
修饰成分:
___________:that someone is enjoying something...(作 knowing 的宾语,其中 somewhere nearby 为地点状语)。
___________:that couldn’t come with us(修饰 something,说明物品无法被带走的属性)。
语法填空
长难句 1 及分析
原句:An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, which originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:_____________________________(主谓宾结构)
修饰成分:
介词短语作定语:at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai(修饰 exhibition)。
过去分词短语作___________:inspired by Go(修饰 artwork)。
___________:or weiqi in Chinese(解释 Go 的中文名称)。
___________:which originated in China...(修饰 Go,说明其历史渊源)。
长难句 2 及分析
原句:Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:_________________(主谓宾结构,that 引导宾语从句)。
宾语从句核心结构:
___________:三个并列名词短语
the balance between the black and white pieces
the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces
the energy flow following each move
___________:inspired
___________:artists
___________:to create...(不定式短语表目的)。
修饰成分:
介词短语作定语:for the exhibition(修饰 create 的宾语)。
副词作定语:digitally generated(修饰 pictures,digitally 为副词修饰过去分词 generated)。
长难句 3 及分析
原句:A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture of respect for the other side.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:________________________________(主谓宾结构,不定式短语 to beat... 作宾语)。
修饰成分:
介词短语作___________:
by no more than one or two points(表击败的程度)
as a gesture of respect for the other side(表目的,解释 “以小分取胜” 的意义)。
读后续写原文
长难句 1 及分析
原句:There was just one thing I hadn’t counted on: My brother chose to bring his dog Toby, a 50-pound ball of fire.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:_________________(存在句结构)
修饰成分:
___________:I hadn’t counted on(省略引导词 that,修饰先行词 thing,count on 意为 “预料”)。
冒号解释部分:My brother chose to bring his dog Toby(主谓宾结构,不定式 to bring 作_____),后接同位语 a 50-pound ball of fire(用比喻手法说明狗的体型和活力)。
长难句 2 及分析
原句:My wife suggested I get in touch with my brother, but I resisted, thinking he should call first.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
并列句:
分句 1:My wife suggested I get in touch with my brother(主谓 + ___________,suggest 后接省略 that 的从句,从句用虚拟语气 “should + 动词原形”,此处 should 省略)。
分句 2:but I resisted, thinking he should call first(________结构,现在分词短语 thinking... 作伴随状语,内含宾语从句 he should call first)。
长难句 3 及分析
原句:Toby was his constant companion, the one who kept him going.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:_________________(主系表结构)
修饰成分:
___________:the one(解释 companion,形成 “同伴 = 那个存在” 的复指关系)。
___________:who kept him going(修饰 the one,keep sb. going 意为 “支撑某人”)。
长难句 4 及分析
原句:I realized it was me who was at fault.
中文翻译:______________________________________________________________________
句子结构分析:
主句:_________________(主谓结构)
___________:it was me who was at fault(强调句结构,被强调部分为 me,原句为 “me was at fault”,强调句句型为 “It is/was + 被强调部分 + who/that + 剩余部分”)。
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2025全国1卷长难句分析(教师版)
B篇
长难句 1 及分析
原句:In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.
中文翻译:去年在我九年级的写作课上,我 “遇见” 了拯救小镇的牛仔、要求儿子门门功课得 A 的严厉父亲,以及父母拒绝其初恋后心碎而逝的现代版朱丽叶。
句子结构分析:
主句:I met a cowboy, a strict father, and a modern-day Juliet.(主谓宾结构,宾语为三个并列的人物形象)
修饰成分:
介词短语作状语:In my ninth-grade writing class last year(时间和地点)。
定语从句(who 引导):分别修饰三个宾语,如 who saved his town 修饰 cowboy,who demanded his son earn straight A’s 修饰 father,who died of heartbreak... 修饰 Juliet。
时间状语从句:after her parents rejected the love of her young life(位于最后一个定语从句中,说明 Juliet 心碎的原因)。
长难句 2 及分析
原句:When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
中文翻译:当六月的下课铃响起时,我带走了一本纪念册,里面满是关于写作最强大意义的留言 —— 即连接人与人的能力、让我们换位思考的能力,以及教会我们 “生而为人” 意义的能力。
句子结构分析:
主句:I walked away with a yearbook.(主谓宾结构,with 短语作伴随状语)。
修饰成分:
时间状语从句:When the final bell rang in June(说明主句动作发生的时间)。
形容词短语作定语:full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance(修饰 yearbook)。
破折号解释说明:the ability...to be human 是对 significance 的具体解释,包含三个并列的不定式短语(to connect.../to put.../to teach...)。
宾语从句:what it means to be human(作 teach 的宾语,说明 “教会” 的内容)。
C篇
长难句 1 及分析
原句:While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children.
中文翻译:尽管近年来街道的安全状况可能已有所改善,但交通研究表明,行人的流动性仍在下降,尤其是在幼儿群体中。
句子结构分析:
主句:transport studies also show declines in pedestrian mobility.(主谓宾结构,宾语为 “declines in pedestrian mobility”)
修饰成分:
让步状语从句:While safety improvements might have been made...(由 while 引导,说明 “安全改善” 与 “流动性下降” 的转折关系)。
介词短语作状语:in recent years(修饰从句中的谓语 “have been made”)。
介词短语作定语:in pedestrian mobility(修饰 “declines”)。
副词短语作状语:especially among young children(补充说明 “declines” 的具体群体)。
长难句 2 及分析
原句:Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.
中文翻译:最著名的是,一位在 20 世纪 50 年代初举家搬到曼哈顿的加拿大记者发起了一场运动,旨在阻止当地公园被破坏。
句子结构分析:
主句:a Canadian journalist led a campaign.(主谓宾结构)
修饰成分:
副词作状语:Most famously(修饰整个句子,表程度)。
定语从句:who had moved her family to Manhattan...(由 who 引导,修饰 “journalist”,时态为过去完成时,说明搬家动作先于 “led a campaign”)。
介词短语作定语:in the early 1950s(修饰从句中的谓语 “had moved”)。
不定式短语作目的状语:to stop the destruction of her local park(说明 “campaign” 的目的)。
长难句 3 及分析
原句:Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.
中文翻译:尽管这些运动广泛开展,但现实是,大多数西方城市已完全围绕机动车的需求重新设计。
句子结构分析:
主句:the reality is that...(主系表结构,表语为 that 引导的从句)。
修饰成分:
让步状语从句:Although these campaigns were widespread(由 although 引导,与主句形成转折)。
表语从句:that the majority of the western cities...(说明 “reality” 的具体内容),其中:
主语:the majority of the western cities
谓语:were completely redesigned(被动语态)
介词短语作状语:around the needs of the motor car(说明 “redesigned” 的依据)。
D篇
长难句 1 及分析
原句:Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.
中文翻译:微塑料已成为全球常见的污染源 —— 它们沉降在深海和喜马拉雅山脉,嵌入火山岩中,填满海鸟的胃,甚至落在南极的新鲜积雪中。
句子结构分析:
主句:Microplastics have become a common source of pollution.(主谓宾结构,across the Earth 作地点状语)。
破折号解释部分:由四个并列的谓语结构组成,说明微塑料的分布位置:
they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas
(they have) stuck inside volcanic rocks
(they have) filled the stomachs of seabirds
(they have) even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow
长难句 2 及分析
原句:In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
中文翻译:在周三发表于《环境科学与技术快报》的一项研究中,中国研究人员发现,将自来水煮沸五分钟 —— 冷却后过滤 —— 至少可去除其中 80% 的微塑料。
句子结构分析:
主句:researchers from China found that...(主谓宾结构,that 引导宾语从句)。
修饰成分:
介词短语作状语:In a study published...(表地点和时间,published Wednesday 为过去分词作定语修饰 study)。
宾语从句核心结构:boiling tap water...could remove...microplastics(动名词短语作主语,破折号间的内容为插入语,after it cools 为时间状语从句)。
长难句 3 及分析
原句:Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult.
中文翻译:尽管如此,这些发现为减少微塑料暴露指明了一条潜在路径 —— 一项正变得日益困难的任务。
句子结构分析:
主句:the findings show a potential path.(主谓宾结构,forward 为后置定语修饰 path)。
修饰成分:
介词短语作状语:for reducing microplastic exposure(表目的)。
破折号解释部分:a task 为 path 的同位语,that’s becoming increasingly difficult 为定语从句修饰 task。
长难句 4 及分析
原句:“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist.
中文翻译:“他们展示微塑料如何通过煮沸过程被截留的方式很出色,” 未参与该研究的苏格兰格拉斯哥大学环境工程师卡罗琳・高绍特 - 林赛告诉《新科学家》。
句子结构分析:
主句:Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay tells New Scientist.(主谓双宾结构)。
修饰成分:
直接引语(宾语):The way...was nice,其中:
定语从句:they demonstrated how...(省略引导词 that,修饰 the way)。
宾语从句:how microplastics were trapped...(作 demonstrated 的宾语)。
同位语:an environmental engineer...(解释人物身份),内含 who 引导的定语从句修饰 engineer。
七选五
长难句 1 及分析
原句:Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.
中文翻译:身穿绿衬衫、头戴黑帽的咖啡馆员工凯瑟琳・墨菲(Catherine Murphy)确保每位顾客都能准确拿到点单的饮品。
句子结构分析:
主句核心结构:Catherine Murphy makes sure that...(主谓宾结构,宾语为 that 引导的从句)。
修饰成分:
同位语:a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat(解释主语身份,介词短语作定语修饰 worker)。
宾语从句:that each customer gets exactly what they order(含两层从句):
第一层:each customer gets exactly what they order(what 引导宾语从句,作 gets 的宾语)。
第二层:what they order(主语 they + 谓语 order,what 指代点单内容)。
长难句 2 及分析
原句:One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her.
中文翻译:有一件事墨菲可能不知道:她的笑容具有感染力,能让学生的一天比见到她之前更加美好。
句子结构分析:
主句核心结构:One thing is that...(主系表结构,表语为 that 引导的从句)。
修饰成分:
定语从句:Murphy may not know(省略引导词 that,修饰主语 One thing)。
表语从句:that her smile is contagious and can be the difference...(含并列谓语):
并列谓语 1:is contagious
并列谓语 2:can be the difference
介词短语作定语:in a student having a much better day(修饰 difference,其中 having... 为动名词短语作后置定语)。
比较状语从句:than they were having before seeing her(修饰 better,before seeing her 为时间状语)。
完形
长难句 1 及分析
原句:That left a house still stuffed with things that, while not particularly valuable, didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
中文翻译:这使得房子里仍堆满了物品 —— 尽管这些东西不算特别珍贵,却不该被扔进垃圾填埋场。
句子结构分析:
主句:That left a house.(主谓宾结构,that 指代前文行为,left 后接复合宾语 “house + 过去分词短语”)。
修饰成分:
过去分词短语作定语:still stuffed with things(修饰 house,表被动状态)。
定语从句:that didn’t belong in a landfill(修饰 things),内含插入的让步状语:
while not particularly valuable(省略主语和 be 动词,完整为 while they were not particularly valuable)。
长难句 2 及分析
原句:I take joy in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is enjoying something that couldn’t come with us.
中文翻译:我欣慰地知道,在附近某处,有人正享受着我们无法带走的东西。
句子结构分析:
主句:I take joy in knowing that...(主谓宾结构,in knowing that... 为介词短语作状语)。
修饰成分:
宾语从句:that someone is enjoying something...(作 knowing 的宾语,其中 somewhere nearby 为地点状语)。
定语从句:that couldn’t come with us(修饰 something,说明物品无法被带走的属性)。
语法填空
长难句 1 及分析
原句:An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, which originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
中文翻译:上海久事美术馆的一场展览正在展出以围棋(中文称 “围棋”)为灵感的艺术作品,该游戏起源于中国,距今已有 4000 多年历史。
句子结构分析:
主句:An exhibition...is featuring artwork.(主谓宾结构)
修饰成分:
介词短语作定语:at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai(修饰 exhibition)。
过去分词短语作定语:inspired by Go(修饰 artwork)。
同位语:or weiqi in Chinese(解释 Go 的中文名称)。
非限制性定语从句:which originated in China...(修饰 Go,说明其历史渊源)。
长难句 2 及分析
原句:Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
中文翻译:屠宁宁表示,黑白棋子间的平衡、棋子策略性摆放的美感,以及每一步落子后的能量流动,启发艺术家为展览创作了油画、雕塑、数字生成图像和丝网版画。
句子结构分析:
主句:Tu says that...(主谓宾结构,that 引导宾语从句)。
宾语从句核心结构:
主语:三个并列名词短语
the balance between the black and white pieces
the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces
the energy flow following each move
谓语:inspired
宾语:artists
宾补:to create...(不定式短语表目的)。
修饰成分:
介词短语作定语:for the exhibition(修饰 create 的宾语)。
副词作定语:digitally generated(修饰 pictures,digitally 为副词修饰过去分词 generated)。
长难句 3 及分析
原句:A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture of respect for the other side.
中文翻译:一个得体的胜者总是试图以不超过一两目的优势击败对手,以此表达对对方的尊重。
句子结构分析:
主句:A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent.(主谓宾结构,不定式短语 to beat... 作宾语)。
修饰成分:
介词短语作状语:
by no more than one or two points(表击败的程度)
as a gesture of respect for the other side(表目的,解释 “以小分取胜” 的意义)。
读后续写原文
长难句 1 及分析
原句:There was just one thing I hadn’t counted on: My brother chose to bring his dog Toby, a 50-pound ball of fire.
中文翻译:只有一件事我没料到:我弟弟选择带上他的狗托比 —— 一只 50 磅重、精力旺盛的狗。
句子结构分析:
主句:There was just one thing.(存在句结构)
修饰成分:
定语从句:I hadn’t counted on(省略引导词 that,修饰先行词 thing,count on 意为 “预料”)。
冒号解释部分:My brother chose to bring his dog Toby(主谓宾结构,不定式 to bring 作宾语),后接同位语 a 50-pound ball of fire(用比喻手法说明狗的体型和活力)。
长难句 2 及分析
原句:My wife suggested I get in touch with my brother, but I resisted, thinking he should call first.
中文翻译:妻子建议我联系弟弟,但我拒绝了,心想他应该先打电话。
句子结构分析:
并列句:
分句 1:My wife suggested I get in touch with my brother(主谓 + 宾语从句,suggest 后接省略 that 的从句,从句用虚拟语气 “should + 动词原形”,此处 should 省略)。
分句 2:but I resisted, thinking he should call first(主谓结构,现在分词短语 thinking... 作伴随状语,内含宾语从句 he should call first)。
长难句 3 及分析
原句:Toby was his constant companion, the one who kept him going.
中文翻译:托比是他形影不离的伙伴,是那个支撑他走下去的存在。
句子结构分析:
主句:Toby was his constant companion.(主系表结构)
修饰成分:
同位语:the one(解释 companion,形成 “同伴 = 那个存在” 的复指关系)。
定语从句:who kept him going(修饰 the one,keep sb. going 意为 “支撑某人”)。
长难句 4 及分析
原句:I realized it was me who was at fault.
中文翻译:我意识到错的是我。
句子结构分析:
主句:I realized...(主谓结构)
宾语从句:it was me who was at fault(强调句结构,被强调部分为 me,原句为 “me was at fault”,强调句句型为 “It is/was + 被强调部分 + who/that + 剩余部分”)。
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