内容正文:
专题03 冠词、数词
内容导航
考点聚焦:核心考点+中考考点,有的放矢
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难点强化:难点内容标注与讲解,能力提升
复习提升:真题感知,聚焦中考,全面突破
核心考点聚焦
冠词、数词
(
考点一
冠词
)
一、不定冠词
(一)a/an区别
1.a用在以辅音音素开头的名词之前,如,a book.
2.an用在以元音音素开头的名词之前, 如,an interesting movie
【易错点】某些单词以不发音的辅音字母开头, 但第一个音素是元音音素, 这时要用an。如,an hour一个小时。an honest boy一个诚实的男孩;某些单词以元音字母开头, 但第一个音素是辅音音素, 这时要用a。如,a useful book一本有用的书
(二)不定冠词的用法
a 、an有“一”的意思,相当于数词one ,但没有one 的意义强烈。具体用法如下:
1 . 表示类别。表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。如:She is a teacher.
2. 泛指某人或某物中,不具体说明何人或何物,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用,表示一个。,如:A boy is waiting for you at the school gate.
3. 不定冠词用在表示"单位"的名词前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词,表示 "每一"相当于every,per。如,
We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。
4.在序数词前表示"又一;再一"时。如:
I want to read the story a second time 我想再读一遍这篇小说。
5.用在固定词组中。如:
have a walk /a rest /a look ,a little , a few , a lot ,a number of , a lot of in a hurry , in a minute , in a word , in a short while , after a while , have a cold , have a try
【巧学妙记】
不定冠词a或an, 基本用法记心间;
辅音音素前用a, 元音音素前用an;
人或事物首次提, 泛指某人或某物;
单位价格表每一, 习惯用法心中记。
二、定冠词
定冠词the与指示代词this,that,these,those同源,有"那(这)个" "这(那)些"的意思,但较弱。主要用法如下:
1.在表示双方都知道的人或物的名词之前:Take the medicine.
2.在上文提到过的人或事物名词之前:
He bought a house. I've been to the house.
3.在指世上独一无二的事物的名词之前:
the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth
4.与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:
Do you know who invented the computer?
5.与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。
6.用在序数词和形容词最高级前. 如:
Where do you live? I live on the second floor.
7.用在某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前:the Great Wall(长城),the People's Park(人民公园)等。
8.用在表示乐器的名词之前.如,
She plays the piano. / The little girl likes to play the violin.
9.用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)。
10.在方位名词之前 ,如:in the west
11.在某些短语中 in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky(water,field,country), in the dark, in the rain,
in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, on the whole,
by the way, go to the theatre
【巧学妙记】
特指双熟悉, 上文已提及,
世上独一无二, 序数最高级。
形容词前一类人, 特殊用法特殊记。
三、零冠词(不用冠词的情况)
1. 不可数名词泛指表示类别。如,
Water is very important . 水是非常重要的 。
Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
2. 复数名词表示人或物的种类时,如:Doctors cure patients. 医生治病救人 .
3.在国名,人名,地名和学科,语言名词前通常不用定冠词,
如 :England,Mary;
4. 在年份、季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词。如,
We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
5.在三餐、球类运动、棋牌类游戏等名称前,不加冠词。
如:have breakfast,play chess play football
6. 在某些固定词组中:bit by bit ,day after (by) day ,
day and night , face to face , from A to Z , from time to time ,
hand in hand , shoulder by shoulder ,
go to school, go to work,go home,in bed 等。
【注意 】 在"by + 交通工具"的短语里不加冠词。
如:Shall we walk or go by bus? 我们乘车还是步行
1.(2023年青岛中考)I watched The Wandering Earth Ⅱ last night. It is ________ wonderful film.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2.(2024年菏泽中考). —What________ interesting book!
—Yes, ________book is really amazing.
A. a; a B. an; the C. an; a
3.(2023年滨州中考)1. —What do you think of the guide book Lonely Planet?
—Oh, it is really _____ useful one. You can always find _____ information you need while traveling.
A. a; a B. an; an C. a; the D. an; the
4.(2023年菏泽中考) —Is this your pen?
—No, it isn’t. ________ red one is mine.
A. A B. An C. The
5.(2023甘肃白银中考) There are 60 minutes in ______ hour.
A. A B. an C. the D. /
6. (2023湖南岳阳中考) Hangzhou will hold ______ 19th Asian Games in 2023.
A. A B. an C. the
7. (2023江苏扬州中考) Yangzhou is ______ city full of ______ history, culture and mouthwatering food.
A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; /
8. (2023天津中考) My mother is making ______ apple pie and I want to try ______ piece.
A. a; an B. a; 不填 C. an; a D. an; 不填
9. (2023湖南怀化中考) The C919 is ______ large plane made by China.
A. a B. an C. the
10.(2023江苏连云港中考) China is ______ country with a history of more than 5,000 years.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
(
考点二
数词
)
数词用来表示人或物的数目多少和顺序。所以数词主要有两种:基数词,用于计数,表示人或物的数目多少。如:one, two…而序数词用于表示位置先后或次序,如:first, second…
一、基数词的构成和读法
1,1-12的构成为独立单词one , two , three ,four, five, six,seven, eight, nine, ten ,eleven, twelve.
2, 13-19的构成都以后缀-teen结尾,但thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为不规则变化
3, 20-90的构成都以后缀-ty结尾,但twenty,thirty,forty,eighty为不规则变化
4, 21-99的构成是在十位数和个位数之间加连字符- e.g. 25 twenty-five
5.100-999的三位数字,由hundred 加and 再加二位数或未位数字,如: 101-one hundred and one, 223-two hundred and twenty-three.四位以上数字,应从个位起向前数三位加逗号,读作thousand,再数三位加第二个逗号,读作million,再数三位加逗号,读作billion,其读法如下:
1001-one thousand and one5386-five thousand, three hundred and eighty-six
【注意】
基数词修饰hundred, thousand, million, billion等词时, 这些词要用单数形式; 若与介词of搭配构成短语表示不确定的数目时, 这些词要用复数形式。例如:
two hundred students二百名学生; three thousand sheep三千只羊; hundreds of dollars几百美元;
millions of workers数百万工人
二、序数词
1,序数词多数由“基数词-th”构成,序数词前一般加定冠词the
2,少数序数词构成属特殊情况
one-first two-second three-third five-fifth eight-eighth nine-ninth twelve-twelfth
3,以y结尾的十位整数,先将y改为i,再加-eth e.g. thirty-thirtieth
4,21以上的多位数,要将末位数改为序数词,前面其他位数仍用基数词
e.g. eighty-three—eighty-third nine hundred and sixty-two—nine hundred and sixty-second
5,序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的后两个字母构成
e.g. first—1st second—2nd
【巧学妙记】
基数词变序数词规律
基变序, 有规律, 末尾加上-th。
一、二、三特殊记, 面目全非要注意。
八加h, 九去e, ve要用f替。
逢十改y为ie, 后跟-th莫忘记。
若想表示几十几, 只变个位就可以。
三、数词的用法
1, 编号事物的表示
编号的事物常用“名词+基数词”表示,也可用“序数词+名词”表示;如果数字较大,需用“名词+基数词”表示。如, the ninth unit =Unit 9 World WarⅡ = the second world war ; Room 305 7
2, 年、月、日、时的写法和读法
① 表示日期用序数词,前面加定冠词 e.g. 3月8日 March the eighth
② 年份一般分为两部分读,先读前两位数,再读后两位数 e.g. 1949 nineteen forty-nine
③ 以上时间合在一起的写法
3,分数的表示法
分数分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分数要在序数词上加s,但1/2用one half, 1/ 4 用a quarter. 1/3 读作one third而 2 /3 读作two thirds。
4, 小数、百分数的表示
小数的小数点读作point,零读作oh或zero,小数点后面的数字按个位基数词依次读出。如, e.g. 6.4 six point four 12.409 twelve point four oh nine
百分数(%),读作per cent (percent),但不论是多少均用作单数形式不能加s。如,50%
5,次数,倍数的表示 一倍/次,once,两倍/次twice,而三倍/次以上用序数词加times,
如:He has three times as many books as I have.
e.g. 1955年10月1日上午10点 10:00 a.m. October 1st, 1955
1.(2024年东营中考) 1. I am _____ child in my family. I have an elder brother and a younger sister.
A. one B. the first C. the second D. the third
2.(2023年辽宁鞍山中考)—China Shanghai International Children’s Book Fair has been held nine times.
—Yes. The ________ fair was held from December 2 to 4, 2022.
A. nine B. ninth C. nineteenth D. ninety
3.(2024四川达州中考)— Why is Jenny so happy?
— Because today is her ______ wedding anniversary.
A. fifth B. the fifth C. five
4.(2024·四川自贡中考)—There is going to be the ______ Art Festival next week.
—Great. We can enjoy some beautiful paintings again.
A. two B. first C. second
5.(2024甘肃白银中考)June is the ______ month of a year.
A. fifth B. sixth C. seventh D. eighth
6.(2024四川凉山中考)—Look at the triangle on the right, if AC = 3, BC = 4, how long is AB?
—It’s ______.
A. five B. seven C. twelve
7.(2024黑龙江中考)Two ______ dollars is enough to buy the bike, but I can’t afford ______ it.
A. hundreds, to buy B. hundreds, buy C. hundred, to buy
8.(2023辽宁朝阳中考)—On Tree Planting Day, the students in our school planted five ______ trees on the hill.
—Good job! Everyone can do some things to make our hometown greener.
A.hundreds B. hundred of C. hundreds of D. hundred
9.(2023内蒙古中考)The number of students in this school ______ five hundred, and about ______ of them like creative English homework.
A. is; three fifth B. is; three fifths
C. are; three fifth D. are; three fifths
10.(2023西藏中考)It is the ______ time for him to take part in this kind of game.
A. one B. two C. three D. third
1. The 31st Summer Universiade (大运会) is ______ big event for Chengdu.
A. A B. an C. the D. /
2. —Hi, Lily, have you ever heard of Zibo, ______ city in ______ center of Shandong province, is known for its barbecue these days?
—Sure. I expect to visit it and have a taste of the special food.
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D.the, /
3. Chinese tea culture started about 4,000 years ago. Nowadays drinking tea has become ______ daily habit in China.
A. A B. an C. the D. /
4.My grandma told me the number “9” stands for “Long lasting”. So I chose the ______ floor to live on.
A. nine B. eighth C. ninth D. eight
5.—What’s thirty and ten?
—It’s ______.
A. forty B. fifty C. seventy D. eighty
6.Dale's dream is to be__ scientist in the future.
A.a B.an C. the D./
7.—How’s ________ weather today?
—It’s sunny. Get up quickly. We are going for a picnic.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
8. —We had a great school trip today.
—Yes, it’s ________ exciting day.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
9.People plant ______ trees on Tree - Planting Day every year.
A.hundred B. hundreds of C. hundreds
10.The number of the fans going to this concert is about three ______. And ______ of them are girls.
A. thousand; two third B. thousands; two third
C. thousand; two thirds D. thousands; two thirds
11.— This will be my ______ visit to the Sun Island. I’m really excited.
— Really? I can’t believe it. You’ve been in Harbin for a year.
A. first B. second C. third D. one
12.Nowadays, ______ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about ______ of them are adults.
A. the number of; four fifths B. a number of; four fifths C. a number of; four fifth
13.Red Star over China(《红星照耀中国》)is so popular that ______ of the students in our class have finished reading it.
A. two third B. two thirds C. second three
14. Dentist: Madam, twenty-five dollars for pulling your son’s tooth, please.
Madam: Twenty-five dollars! But you told me five dollars each patient.
Dentist: Yes. But your son cried so loud. He scared away (吓跑)________ other patients.
A. Four B. five C. twenty D. twenty-five
15.2024 is the Year of Loong (the Chinese dragon). The Year of Loong comes every ______ years.
A.ten B. twelve C. twenty
16.Most of the doctors in this hospital were born ______, and they are ______ now.
A. in the 1970; in their fifties B. in 1970s; in the fiftieth
C. in the 1970s; in fiftieth D. in the 1970s; in their fifties
17. Song of Youth is such ___________fantastic film that I have seen it twice.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
18. —Have you ever seen _________film Ne Zha?
—Yes, I have. It tells us ____________different story of Ne Zha.
A. a; an B. an; the C. a; the D. the; a
19. —What’s ________ population of China?
—It has ________ population of 1.4 billion.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the
20. Everyone knows now that plastic pollution is ________ huge problem for the environment.
A. A B. an C. / D.the
The 31st Summer Universiade (大运会) is ______ big event for Chengdu.
真题感知
在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2024青岛语短文填空节选)Electricity ran down the wet string and gave him ________ small shock, which showed lightning was electricity for the _______ (one) time.
2.(2024滨州词汇应用节选) So, it was the ____ ___ (five) one to arrive.
3.(2024济宁语法填空节选)Actually, it’s not _______ easy plan. The cost of the combo is 8 yuan.
4.(2024年济南阅读填空节选) I paid for it with _______ money I made and it felt very different.
5.(2023年湖南娄底语法填空节选)Now I’m ______ 15-year-old middle school student.
6(2024年济宁综合填空节选).Actually, it’s not ________ easy plan. The cost of the combo is 8 yuan.
7.(2024年菏泽综合填空改编) The five-colored stone stands for the ___ ___ (five) basic elements (元素) making up life: metal, wood, water, fire and earth.
8.(2024年滨州词汇运用节选)So, it was the _______ (five) one to arrive.
9.(2025年济南市历下区二模) He could see that he was just being greedy (贪婪的) by hoping for __________ expensive graduation gift. .
10.(2025年济南市中区一模)But his family was so poor that they couldn't afford 41.____ __ oil lamp (油灯)..
19 / 21
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专题03 冠词、数词
内容导航
考点聚焦:核心考点+中考考点,有的放矢
重点速记:知识点和关键点梳理,查漏补缺
难点强化:难点内容标注与讲解,能力提升
复习提升:真题感知,聚焦中考,全面突破
核心考点聚焦
冠词、数词
(
考点一
冠词
)
一、不定冠词
(一)a/an区别
1.a用在以辅音音素开头的名词之前,如,a book.
2.an用在以元音音素开头的名词之前, 如,an interesting movie
【易错点】某些单词以不发音的辅音字母开头, 但第一个音素是元音音素, 这时要用an。如,an hour一个小时。an honest boy一个诚实的男孩;某些单词以元音字母开头, 但第一个音素是辅音音素, 这时要用a。如,a useful book一本有用的书
(二)不定冠词的用法
a 、an有“一”的意思,相当于数词one ,但没有one 的意义强烈。具体用法如下:
1 . 表示类别。表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。如:She is a teacher.
2. 泛指某人或某物中,不具体说明何人或何物,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用,表示一个。,如:A boy is waiting for you at the school gate.
3. 不定冠词用在表示"单位"的名词前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词,表示 "每一"相当于every,per。如,
We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。
4.在序数词前表示"又一;再一"时。如:
I want to read the story a second time 我想再读一遍这篇小说。
5.用在固定词组中。如:
have a walk /a rest /a look ,a little , a few , a lot ,a number of , a lot of in a hurry , in a minute , in a word , in a short while , after a while , have a cold , have a try
【巧学妙记】
不定冠词a或an, 基本用法记心间;
辅音音素前用a, 元音音素前用an;
人或事物首次提, 泛指某人或某物;
单位价格表每一, 习惯用法心中记。
二、定冠词
定冠词the与指示代词this,that,these,those同源,有"那(这)个" "这(那)些"的意思,但较弱。主要用法如下:
1.在表示双方都知道的人或物的名词之前:Take the medicine.
2.在上文提到过的人或事物名词之前:
He bought a house. I've been to the house.
3.在指世上独一无二的事物的名词之前:
the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth
4.与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:
Do you know who invented the computer?
5.与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。
6.用在序数词和形容词最高级前. 如:
Where do you live? I live on the second floor.
7.用在某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前:the Great Wall(长城),the People's Park(人民公园)等。
8.用在表示乐器的名词之前.如,
She plays the piano. / The little girl likes to play the violin.
9.用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)。
10.在方位名词之前 ,如:in the west
11.在某些短语中 in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky(water,field,country), in the dark, in the rain,
in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, on the whole,
by the way, go to the theatre
【巧学妙记】
特指双熟悉, 上文已提及,
世上独一无二, 序数最高级。
形容词前一类人, 特殊用法特殊记。
三、零冠词(不用冠词的情况)
1. 不可数名词泛指表示类别。如,
Water is very important . 水是非常重要的 。
Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
2. 复数名词表示人或物的种类时,如:Doctors cure patients. 医生治病救人 .
3.在国名,人名,地名和学科,语言名词前通常不用定冠词,
如 :England,Mary;
4. 在年份、季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词。如,
We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
5.在三餐、球类运动、棋牌类游戏等名称前,不加冠词。
如:have breakfast,play chess play football
6. 在某些固定词组中:bit by bit ,day after (by) day ,
day and night , face to face , from A to Z , from time to time ,
hand in hand , shoulder by shoulder ,
go to school, go to work,go home,in bed 等。
【注意 】 在"by + 交通工具"的短语里不加冠词。
如:Shall we walk or go by bus? 我们乘车还是步行
1.(2023年青岛中考)I watched The Wandering Earth Ⅱ last night. It is ________ wonderful film.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案:A
解析:句意:我昨晚看了《流浪地球Ⅱ》。这是一部精彩的电影。
考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一部电影,“wonderful”首字母发辅音音素,故选A。
2.(2024年菏泽中考). —What________ interesting book!
—Yes, ________book is really amazing.
A. a; an B. an; the C. an; a
答案:B
解析:句意:——多有趣的书啊!——是的,这本书真的很棒。
考查冠词。第一空是泛指一本有趣的书,interesting以元音音素开头,应用an;第二空是特指上文提到的那本书,应用定冠词the。故选B。
3.(2023年滨州中考)1. —What do you think of the guide book Lonely Planet?
—Oh, it is really _____ useful one. You can always find _____ information you need while traveling.
A. a; a B. an; an C. a; the D. an; the
答案:C
解析:问句“你觉得《孤独星球》这本指南书如何?”,答句“它真是一本有用的书”。这里“useful one”表示“一本有用的书”,是泛指,且“useful”以辅音音素/j/开头,故用不定冠词a;
- “you need”是定语从句,修饰“information”,表示“你旅行时需要的信息”,属于特指,用定冠词the。
4.(2023年菏泽中考) —Is this your pen?
—No, it isn’t. ________ red one is mine.
A. A B. An C. The
答案:C
解析:句意:——这是你的钢笔吗?——不,它不是。那个红色的是我的。
考查冠词。根据“red one is mine”可知此处特指红色的那个钢笔,用定冠词the。故选C。
5.(2023甘肃白银中考) There are 60 minutes in ______ hour.
A. A B. an C. the D. /
答案:B
解析:句意“一小时有60分钟”。“hour”表示“小时”,是可数名词单数,此处泛指“一个小时”。但“hour”中“h”不发音,以元音音素/aʊ/开头,故用不定冠词an。
6. (2023湖南岳阳中考) Hangzhou will hold ______ 19th Asian Games in 2023.
A. A B. an C. the
答案:C
解析:句意“杭州将在2023年举办第19届亚运会”。“19th”是序数词,序数词前必须用定冠词the,表示“第……届”。
7. (2023江苏扬州中考) Yangzhou is ______ city full of ______ history, culture and mouthwatering food.
A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; /
答案:D
解析:“扬州是一座充满历史、文化和美食的城市”。“a city”表示“一座城市”,泛指,用不定冠词a;
- “history(历史)、culture(文化)”是抽象名词,抽象名词前通常用零冠词(即不填冠词)。
8. (2023天津中考) My mother is making ______ apple pie and I want to try ______ piece.
A. a; an B. a; 不填 C. an; a D. an; 不填
答案:C
解析:“妈妈在做苹果派”,“apple”以元音音素/æ/开头,故“一个苹果派”用an apple pie;
- “我想尝一块”,“a piece”表示“一块”,泛指数量“一”,用不定冠词a。
9. (2023湖南怀化中考) The C919 is ______ large plane made by China.
A. a B. an C. the
答案:A
解析:句意“C919是中国制造的一架大飞机”。“large plane”表示“大飞机”,是泛指,且“large”以辅音音素/l/开头,用不定冠词a。
10.(2023江苏连云港中考) China is ______ country with a history of more than 5,000 years.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
答案:B
解析:句意“中国是一个有5000多年历史的国家”。“country”表示“国家”,泛指“一个国家”,且“China”并非唯一的国家,故用不定冠词a。
【解题技巧】
1. 先辨“泛指/特指”
泛指(“一个/一类”):用不定冠词a/an,如“一本有用的书(a useful one)”“一架大飞机(a large plane)”。
特指(“这个/那个”或被限定的事物):用定冠词the,如“你需要的信息(the information)”“红色的那支笔(the red one)”“第19届亚运会(the 19th Asian Games)”。
2. 再看“音素开头”(非字母)
a:用于辅音音素开头的单词前,如useful(/j/)、large(/l/)、China(/tʃ/)。
an:用于元音音素开头的单词前,如hour(/aʊ/)、apple(/æ/)、honest(/ɑː/,h不发音)。
注意:判断依据是发音而非字母,如“u”在useful中发/j/,用a;在umbrella中发/ʌ/,用an。
3. 牢记“固定搭配”与“零冠词规则”
必须用the:序数词(the first)、形容词最高级(the tallest)、乐器(play the piano)、方位(in the east)、特指的专有名词(the Great Wall)。
零冠词情况:抽象名词(history, culture)、不可数名词(information)、球类运动(play basketball)、学科(study math)。
口诀辅助记忆:
泛指用a/an看音素,特指唯一the来助;
序数最高级加the,抽象球类不加符(零冠词)。
(
考点二
数词
)
数词用来表示人或物的数目多少和顺序。所以数词主要有两种:基数词,用于计数,表示人或物的数目多少。如:one, two…而序数词用于表示位置先后或次序,如:first, second…
一、基数词的构成和读法
1,1-12的构成为独立单词one , two , three ,four, five, six,seven, eight, nine, ten ,eleven, twelve.
2, 13-19的构成都以后缀-teen结尾,但thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为不规则变化
3, 20-90的构成都以后缀-ty结尾,但twenty,thirty,forty,eighty为不规则变化
4, 21-99的构成是在十位数和个位数之间加连字符- e.g. 25 twenty-five
5.100-999的三位数字,由hundred 加and 再加二位数或未位数字,如: 101-one hundred and one, 223-two hundred and twenty-three.四位以上数字,应从个位起向前数三位加逗号,读作thousand,再数三位加第二个逗号,读作million,再数三位加逗号,读作billion,其读法如下:
1001-one thousand and one5386-five thousand, three hundred and eighty-six
【注意】
基数词修饰hundred, thousand, million, billion等词时, 这些词要用单数形式; 若与介词of搭配构成短语表示不确定的数目时, 这些词要用复数形式。例如:
two hundred students二百名学生; three thousand sheep三千只羊; hundreds of dollars几百美元;
millions of workers数百万工人
二、序数词
1,序数词多数由“基数词-th”构成,序数词前一般加定冠词the
2,少数序数词构成属特殊情况
one-first two-second three-third five-fifth eight-eighth nine-ninth twelve-twelfth
3,以y结尾的十位整数,先将y改为i,再加-eth e.g. thirty-thirtieth
4,21以上的多位数,要将末位数改为序数词,前面其他位数仍用基数词
e.g. eighty-three—eighty-third nine hundred and sixty-two—nine hundred and sixty-second
5,序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的后两个字母构成
e.g. first—1st second—2nd
【巧学妙记】
基数词变序数词规律
基变序, 有规律, 末尾加上-th。
一、二、三特殊记, 面目全非要注意。
八加h, 九去e, ve要用f替。
逢十改y为ie, 后跟-th莫忘记。
若想表示几十几, 只变个位就可以。
三、数词的用法
1, 编号事物的表示
编号的事物常用“名词+基数词”表示,也可用“序数词+名词”表示;如果数字较大,需用“名词+基数词”表示。如, the ninth unit =Unit 9 World WarⅡ = the second world war ; Room 305 7
2, 年、月、日、时的写法和读法
① 表示日期用序数词,前面加定冠词 e.g. 3月8日 March the eighth
② 年份一般分为两部分读,先读前两位数,再读后两位数 e.g. 1949 nineteen forty-nine
③ 以上时间合在一起的写法
3,分数的表示法
分数分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分数要在序数词上加s,但1/2用one half, 1/ 4 用a quarter. 1/3 读作one third而 2 /3 读作two thirds。
4, 小数、百分数的表示
小数的小数点读作point,零读作oh或zero,小数点后面的数字按个位基数词依次读出。如, e.g. 6.4 six point four 12.409 twelve point four oh nine
百分数(%),读作per cent (percent),但不论是多少均用作单数形式不能加s。如,50%
5,次数,倍数的表示 一倍/次,once,两倍/次twice,而三倍/次以上用序数词加times,
如:He has three times as many books as I have.
e.g. 1955年10月1日上午10点 10:00 a.m. October 1st, 1955
1.(2024年东营中考) 1. I am _____ child in my family. I have an elder brother and a younger sister.
A. one B. the first C. the second D. the third
答案:C
解析:句意:我是家里的第二个孩子。我有一个哥哥和一个妹妹。
考查序数词。one一;the first第一;the second第二;the third第三。根据“I have an elder brother and a younger sister.”可知,“我”有一个哥哥和一个妹妹,所以“我”是家里的第二个孩子。故选C。
2.(2023年辽宁鞍山中考)—China Shanghai International Children’s Book Fair has been held nine times.
—Yes. The ________ fair was held from December 2 to 4, 2022.
A. nine B. ninth C. nineteenth D. ninety
答案:B
解析:句意:——中国上海国际儿童图书博览会已经举办了九届。——是的。第九届进博会于2022年12月2日至4日举行。
考查序数词。nine九;ninth第九;nineteenth第十九;ninety九十。根据“has been held nine times.”以及“The...fair was held...”可知博览会已经举办了九届,此处指第九届,用序数词。故选B。
3.(2024四川达州中考)— Why is Jenny so happy?
— Because today is her ______ wedding anniversary.
A. fifth B. the fifth C. five
答案:A
解析:“her fifth wedding anniversary”表示“她的第五个结婚纪念日”,物主代词(her)后序数词不加the。
技巧:序数词前有物主代词(my, her)或名词所有格时,省略the。
4.(2024四川自贡中考)—There is going to be the ______ Art Festival next week.
—Great. We can enjoy some beautiful paintings again.
A. two B. first C. second
答案:C
解析:“again(再次)”暗示并非第一次举办,用“the second(第二届)”。
技巧:结合语境判断序数词,若强调“第几次”,用序数词(first第一,second第二)。
5.(2024甘肃白银中考)June is the ______ month of a year.
A. fifthn B. sixth C. seventh D. eighth
答案:B
解析:六月是一年中的第六个月,用序数词sixth。
技巧:熟记月份对应的序数词(如January→first, June→sixth)。
6.(2024四川凉山中考)—Look at the triangle on the right, if AC = 3, BC = 4, how long is AB?
—It’s ______.
A. five B. seven C. twelve
答案:A
解析:根据勾股定理,直角三角形中3²+4²=5²,AB=5,用基数词five。
技巧:数学计算中表示具体数字用基数词(one, two, three)。
7.(2024黑龙江中考)Two ______ dollars is enough to buy the bike, but I can’t afford ______ it.
A. hundreds, to buy B. hundreds, buy C. hundred, to buy
答案:C
解析: “two hundred dollars”中,具体数字后hundred用单数;
- “afford to buy”为固定搭配,意为“负担得起购买”。
技巧:hundred/thousand/million前有具体数字时用单数(如three hundred),无具体数字时用复数+of(如hundreds of)。
8.(2023辽宁朝阳中考)
—On Tree Planting Day, the students in our school planted five ______ trees on the hill.
A. hundreds B. hundred of C. hundreds of D. hundred
答案:D
解析:“five hundred trees”中,具体数字five后hundred用单数。
技巧:同第7题,具体数字+hundred/thousand/million+名词复数。
9.(2023内蒙古中考)The number of students in this school ______ five hundred, and about ______ of them like creative English homework.
A. is; three fifth B. is; three fifths
C. are; three fifth D. are; three fifths
答案:B
解析:“the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数(is);
- 分数“五分之三”表达为three fifths(分子≥2时,分母序数词加-s)。
技巧:分数结构为“基数词(分子)+序数词(分母)”,分子>1时分母加-s(如two thirds三分之二)。
10.(2023西藏中考)It is the ______ time for him to take part in this kind of game.
A. first B. two C. three
答案:A
解析:“the+序数词”表示“第几次”,选项中无正确序数词,若按题意应为“first(第一次)”。
【解题技巧】
基数词:表数量(one, two),hundred/thousand前有具体数字时用单数。
序数词:表顺序(first, second),前加the(除非有物主代词),注意特殊变化(如five→fifth, twelve→twelfth)。
分数:分子基数词,分母序数词,分子>1时分母加-s(如three fourths四分之三)。
通过“语境判断+语法规则”,可快速锁定正确答案!
1. The 31st Summer Universiade (大运会) is ______ big event for Chengdu.
A. A B. an C. the D. /
答案:A.
解析:此处表示“一场重大事件”,为泛指概念。“big”以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词“a”
2. —Hi, Lily, have you ever heard of Zibo, ______ city in ______ center of Shandong province, is known for its barbecue these days?
—Sure. I expect to visit it and have a taste of the special food.
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D.the, /
答案:B.
解析:第一空:“Zibo”是山东省的“一个城市”,表泛指,用“a”;第二空:“in the center of...”为固定搭配,表“在……中心”,用定冠词“the”。
3. Chinese tea culture started about 4,000 years ago. Nowadays drinking tea has become ______ daily habit in China.
A. A B. an C. the D. /
答案:A.
解析:“daily habit”表示“日常习惯”,为泛指,且“daily”以辅音音素开头,用“a”
4.My grandma told me the number “9” stands for “Long lasting”. So I chose the ______ floor to live on.
A. nine B. eighth C. ninth D. eight
答案:C.
解析:根据“数字9代表长久”可知,此处指“第九层楼”,用序数词“ninth”。“nine”为基数词,“eighth/eight”均与数字9无关。
5.—What’s thirty and ten?
—It’s ______.
A. forty B. fifty C. seventy D. eighty
答案:A. f
解析:30+10=40,“forty”意为“四十”,其余选项“fifty(五十)、seventy(七十)、eighty(八十)”均不符。
6.Dale's dream is to be__ scientist in the future.
A.a B.an C. the D./
答案:A.
解析:“scientist”表示“科学家”,为泛指,且以辅音音素开头,用“a”。
7.—How’s ________ weather today?
—It’s sunny. Get up quickly. We are going for a picnic.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案:C.
解析:“weather”(天气)为特指“今天的天气”,用定冠词“the”。
8. —We had a great school trip today.
—Yes, it’s ________ exciting day.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案:B.
解析:“exciting”以元音音素开头,表泛指“令人兴奋的一天”,用“an”。
9.People plant ______ trees on Tree - Planting Day every year.
A.hundred B. hundreds of C. hundreds
答案:B.
解析:“hundreds of”为固定搭配,意为“成百上千的”,后接可数名词复数;若与具体数字连用(如“five hundred”),hundred不加“s”,本题无具体数字,故选B。
10.The number of the fans going to this concert is about three ______. And ______ of them are girls.
A. thousand; two third B. thousands; two third
C. thousand; two thirds D. thousands; two thirds
答案:C.
解析:第一空:“three”为具体数字,“thousand”不加“s”;第二空:分数“三分之二”的表达为“two thirds”(分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子>1时分母加s)。
11.— This will be my ______ visit to the Sun Island. I’m really excited.
— Really? I can’t believe it. You’ve been in Harbin for a year.
A. first B. second C. third D. one
答案:A.
解析:根据“I’ve been in Harbin for a year”及“Really? I can’t believe it.”可知,这是“第一次”参观,用序数词“first”
12.Nowadays, ______ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about ______ of them are adults.
A. the number of; four fifths B. a number of; four fifths C. a number of; four fifth
答案:B.
解析:“a number of”表示“许多”,后接可数名词复数;“the number of”表示“……的数量”,与句意不符;分数“五分之四”的表达为“four fifths”(分母fifth加s)。
13.Red Star over China(《红星照耀中国》)is so popular that ______ of the students in our class have finished reading it.
A. two third B. two thirds C. second three
答案:B.
解析:分数“三分之二”的正确表达为“two thirds”,其余选项形式错误。
14. Dentist: Madam, twenty-five dollars for pulling your son’s tooth, please.
Madam: Twenty-five dollars! But you told me five dollars each patient.
Dentist: Yes. But your son cried so loud. He scared away (吓跑)________ other patients.
A. Four B. five C. twenty D. twenty-five
答案:A.
解析:牙医收费25美元,原本每个病人5美元,25÷5=5人。其中“your son”是1人,故吓跑的其他病人为5-1=4人,选“Four”。
15.2024 is the Year of Loong (the Chinese dragon). The Year of Loong comes every ______ years.
A.ten B. twelve C. twenty
答案:B.
解析:中国农历生肖每12年一轮,故选“twelve”。
16.Most of the doctors in this hospital were born ______, and they are ______ now.
A. in the 1970; in their fifties B. in 1970s; in the fiftieth
C. in the 1970s; in fiftieth D. in the 1970s; in their fifties
答案:D.
解析:“在20世纪70年代”的表达为“in the 1970s”;“在某人五十多岁时”为“in one’s fifties”,故选D。
17. Song of Youth is such ___________fantastic film that I have seen it twice.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案:A.
解析:“such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词”为固定结构,“fantastic”以辅音音素开头,用“a”
18. —Have you ever seen _________film Ne Zha?
—Yes, I have. It tells us ____________different story of Ne Zha.
A. a; an B. an; the C. a; the D. the; a
答案:D.
解析:第一空:“Ne Zha”是特指的电影名称,用“the”;第二空:“一个不同的故事”表泛指,用“a”。
19. —What’s ________ population of China?
—It has ________ population of 1.4 billion.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the
答案:C.
解析:“the population of...”表示“……的人口”,用定冠词“the”;“have a population of + 数字”表示“有……人口”,用不定冠词“a”。
20. Everyone knows now that plastic pollution is ________ huge problem for the environment.
A. a B. an C. / D.the
答案:A.
解析:“huge problem”表示“巨大的问题”,表泛指,且“huge”以辅音音素开头,用“a”。
真题感知
在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2024青岛语短文填空节选)Electricity ran down the wet string and gave him ________ small shock, which showed lightning was electricity for the _______ (one) time.
答案:a;first
解析:句意:电流顺着湿漉漉的细绳流下,给了他一个小小的电击,这是第一次证明闪电是电。空处表示泛指“一个电击”,且small以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。句意:电流顺着湿漉漉的细绳流下,给了他一个小小的电击,这是第一次证明闪电是电。for the first time“第一次”,固定短语,first是one的序数词。故填first。
2.(2024滨州词汇应用节选) So, it was the ____ ___ (five) one to arrive.
答案:fifth
解析:句意:所以,它是第五个到达的。five“五”,基数词。此处指龙第五个到达,表顺序,应用序数词fifth。故填fifth。
3.(2024济宁语法填空节选)Actually, it’s not ________ easy plan. The cost of the combo is 8 yuan.
答案:an
解析:句意:事实上,这不是一个简单的计划。空处泛指“一个简单的计划”,且“easy”以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an。故填an。
4.(2024年济南阅读填空节选) I paid for it with _______ money I made and it felt very different.
答案:the
解析:句意:我用自己赚的钱买了它,感觉很不一样。此处特指自己赚的钱,故填the。
5.(2023年湖南娄底语法填空节选)Now I’m ______ 15-year-old middle school student.
答案:a
解析:句意:现在我是一名15岁的中学生。此处泛指“一名学生”,15以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。故填a。
6(2024年济宁综合填空节选).Actually, it’s not ________ easy plan. The cost of the combo is 8 yuan.
答案:an
解析:句意:事实上,这不是一个简单的计划。空处泛指“一个简单的计划”,且“easy”以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an。故填an。
7.(2024年菏泽综合填空改编) The five-colored stone stands for the ___ ___ (five) basic elements (元素) making up life: metal, wood, water, fire and earth.
答案:five
解析:句意:五色石代表构成生命的五个基本元素:金、木、水、火和土。根据“metal, wood, water, fire and earth.”可知这是五个元素,five表示“五个”,基数词,表数量。故填five。
8.(2024年滨州词汇运用节选)So, it was the ________ (five) one to arrive.
答案:fifth
解析:句意:所以,它是第五个到达的。five“五”,基数词。此处指龙第五个到达,表顺序,应用序数词fifth。故填fifth。
9.(2025年济南市历下区二模) He could see that he was just being greedy (贪婪的) by hoping for ._________ expensive graduation gift.
答案:an
解析:.这里泛指“一份昂贵的毕业礼物” ,expensive读音以元音音素开头,所以用不定冠词an 。
10.(2025年济南市中区一模)
But his family was so poor that they couldn't afford 41.____ __ oil lamp (油灯).
答案:an
解析:(oil以元音音素开头,表“一盏油灯”用an)
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