Unit 1 课时3 Section 2 Grammar（课件）英语沪教版2024八年级上册

2024年沪教版 英语（八年级上） Unit 1 Section 2 Grammar Look it up 1 学习目标 I can identify what kinds of information are usually included in an encyclopaedia. look up information in print or online encyclopaedias. talk about the history of encyclopaedias. use information from encyclopaedias to write an entry about a subject. 2 01 新 课 导 入 03 应 用 实 践 06 回 顾 总 结 07 随 堂 小 练 02 学 习 理 解 04 迁 移 创 新 05 考 点 速 递 学习内容 3 新课导入 1 4 I have some questions about dinosaurs. (some + countable noun) People can get some information about dinosaurs from their fossils. (some + uncountable noun) I don’t have any questions about dinosaurs. (any + uncountable noun) Can people get any information about dinosaurs from their fossils? (any + countable noun) We use some and any to talk about amounts. 学习理解 02 6 A some and any Su Wen is interviewing Dr Xing, a dinosaur expert, for his project. Read the interview and pay attention to the words in bold. We use some and any as determiners to talk about amounts. We also use them as indefinite pronouns to refer to people or things. Su Wen: Dr Xing: Hi, Dr Xing, can I ask you some questions about dinosaurs? Of course! Su Wen: Why did dinosaurs die out? Dr Xing: Many scientists think that dinosaurs died out because a huge asteroid (小行星）hit the Earth. However, some scientists don't accept this theory. Su Wen: What do scientists disagree about? Dr Xing: Some scientists think the world became too cold for dinosaurs. Some believe there was not enough food for dinosaurs. Su Wen: Do you have any theories yourself? Dr Xing：I have my own theory, but there isn‘t any sound proof for it yet. We still need to find more fossils... • We use some and any before plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns. • We usually use some in positive statements, and any in negative statements and questions. • We use some in questions when we expect the answer to be ’yes”. It is also a polite way to ask. Would you like some tea? May I have dome noodles? • We can use any to talk about someone or something when we do not refer to a specific person or thing. Wu can take any book you’d like to read. Which pen do you want? Any will do. A some和any的用法 some和any都表示“一些；某些”的意思，都可以修饰可数名词复数形式和不可数名词。some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句、疑问句中。 Some students are running on the playground. 一些学生在操场上跑步。 There is some water in the glass. 杯子里有一些水。 There isn’t any milk in the fridge. 冰箱里没牛奶。 Do you have any questions to ask? 你们有什么问题要问吗？ 2 当some用于疑问句时，表示请求、建议，并期望得到对方的肯定回答。 Would you like some fish? 想吃点儿鱼吗？ May I have some grapes? 我可以吃点儿葡萄吗？ 语 法 讲 解 B somebody, anybody, nobody, etc. Read the dialogue below and pay attention to the words in bold Dad: How is your project going? Did you find anything useful in the library? Su Wen: The librarian showed me a few books, but I found nothing useful. Dad: Maybe you can ask somebody else — perhaps your biology teacher can help. Su Wen: That's a good idea! I think he can tell me something about the first dinosaurs. • Indefinite pronouns ending in -thing are used to refer to objects, ideas or situations. Indefinite pronouns ending in -one and -body are used to refer to people. • Nothing, nobody and no one are used in a positive statement, but they have a negative meaning. B somebody, anybody, nobody等的用法 由some，any，no，every加上body，-one，-thing构成的不 定代词，叫做复合不定代词。如： somebody = someone 某（些）人 something 某物；某事 anybody = anyone 任何人 anything任何事情（东西）；某些事情（东西） nobody = no one 没有人 nothing 没有东西；没事 everybody = everyone 人人；所有人 everything所有事物；一切 2 复合不定代词相当于名词，在句中作主语和宾语。这些代词都作单数看待，作主语时动词用单数形式。如： Somebody is in the classroom. 有人在教室里。（作主语） I can see nobody in the classroom. 我没看到有人在教室里。（作宾语） 由some和any构成的复合不定代词的区别与some和any的区别一 样，something，somebody, someone一般用于肯定句，anything，anybody, anyone一般用于否定句或疑问句中。something，somebody, someone用于疑问句中时，表示请求、建议，并期望得到对方的肯定回答。如： I have something to tell you. 我有些事情要告诉你。 I don’t have anything to say. = I have nothing to say. 我没什么可说的。 Do you have anything to say? 你有什么话要说吗？ Would you like something to eat？你想吃点儿什么吗？ 4 nobody = no one = not anybody = not anyone 没有人。 nothing = not anything没有东西；没事。如： I know nobody / no one in the new school. = I don’t know anybody / anyone in the new school. 在新学校里，我谁都不认识。 He has nothing to do. = He doesn’t have anything to do. 他无事可做。 5 复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，定语放在它们的后面。如： There is something wrong with my right eye． 我的右眼有些不舒服。 Is there anything new in today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么新闻啊？ 应用实践 03 16 Librarian: Hello, how can I help you? Su Wen: Hi, Miss. Do you have ⑴________books about dinosaurs? Librarian: Yes, we do. We have (2)_________next to the encyclopaedias. What type of dinosaurs are you interested in? Su Wen: I don't have (3)_______idea. I just want to look up (4)_______ facts. Librarian: No problem. Let me show you(5)________ popular dinosaur books for teenagers. 1 Complete the conversation between Su Wen and the librarian with some or any. any some any some some Look at the picture below for one minute. Try to remember where everything and everybody is. Then cover the picture and ask and answer questions in pairs. Follow the examples. 1.Is there anything on the blackboard? S1: Is there anything on the blackboard? S2: No, there's nothing/there isn't anything on the blackboard. 2.Is there anything on the noticeboard? S1: Is there anything on the noticeboard? S2: Yes, there's something on the noticeboard. 3.Is there anything above the teacher? 4.Is there anybody by the window? 5.Is there anything under the teacher's desk? 6.Is there anyone behind the teacher? 7.Is there anything on the bookcase? 8.Is there anyone next to the piano? 3. Is there anything above the teacher? No, there’s nothing/ there isn’t anything above the teacher. 4. Is there anybody by the window? Yes, there’s someone / somebody by the window. 5. Is there anything under the teacher's desk? No, there's nothing / there isn't anything under the teacher’s desk. 6. Is there anyone behind the teacher? No, there's nobody /no one behind the teacher. 7. Is there anything on the bookcase? Yes, there's something on the bookcase. 8. Is there anyone next to the piano? Yes, there's someone / somebody next to the piano. 迁移创新 04 21 S1: Is there anything in the bookcase? S2: Yes. There are lots of books in the bookcase. S1: Are there any plants in the library? S2: Yes, there are some plants in the library. 2 Look at the picture of the school library below and then ask and answer questions in pairs. 考点速递 05 23 不定代词 用 法 示 例 some ① 用于肯定句中，意为“一些人/事”，指代复数名词或不可数名词 Some are teachers; some are students. 有些人是老师，有些人是学生。 Here is some of their advice. 这是他们的一些建议。 ② 用于疑问句中，表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答 The cake tastes good. Would you like some? 这蛋糕味道很好。你想要一些吗？ any ① 多用于否定句、疑问句中，意为“任何数量；任何一些”，指代复数名词或不可数名词 I need some science books. Are there any in the bookshop? 我需要一些科学书，书店里有吗？Please buy some milk. There isn’t any left in the fridge. 请买些牛奶。冰箱里一点也没有了。 ② 用于肯定句中，表示“任一” I have three dictionaries. You may use any. 我有三本词典，你随便用哪一本都可以。 考点一： 复合不定代词被定语修饰时，定语须放在它们后面 There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。 考点二： 1. I advise you not to show ______ on the WeChat because it may cause trouble. A. anything personal B. personal anything C. something personal D. personal something 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我建议你不要在微信上显示任何私人 东西，因为这可能会引起麻烦。 考查形容词的位置以及复合不定代词的用法。something某事，常用于肯定句；anything任何事，常用于否定句和疑问句。此句是否定句，所以应用anything。形容词修饰复合不定代词时，应放在其后，故选A。 回顾总结 06 26 1.We have learned how to use some and any. 2. We have learned how to use somebody , anybody, nobody, ect. 课堂小练 07 28 1. I want to write an essay. Can you suggest some AI apps for it? Em..., deepseek, doubao, kimi, Qwen, etc. You can choose _____ of them. A. either B. any C. every D. both 2. Would you like _______ tea? No, I don’t like ______ tea, but I would like ______ cakes. A. any, any, some B. some, any, any C. some, any, some D. any, some, any 3.There isn’t ____ water in the bottle. Could you please get me _____? A. any; some B. some; any C. any; any D. some; some 4. Listen! ___ is ringing the doorbell. Would you mind opening the door, Bill? Of course not, Dad. I will do it right now. A. Everybody B. Somebody C. Anybody D. Nobody 一、单项选择题 5.—Do you have ________ to eat? —Sorry, I don’t have ________ food in my bag. A. anything; any B. anything; some C. everything; any D. everything; some 6.The light went out suddenly．It was very dark and ___ could be seen clearly． A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 7.Ladies and gentlemen, attention please! I have _____ important to tell you. A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything 8.— What a great thing to have a robot at home! — Robots are really useful. One day they will help people do almost ______. A. something B. everything C. nothing D. nothing 9.Our teacher was very happy because ______ failed the examination. A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody 10.When our teacher heard of the news, he was too angry to say _______. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything 11.—Do you have ______ to do this morning? —Yes. I want to take some photos of my dog. A. interesting anything B. anything interesting C. interesting something D. something interesting 12. I can’t help you now. Ask ________ to help you. A. somebody other B. else somebody C.somebody else D. anybody other Thank you！ 32 $$